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Zoremsiami J and Jagetia GC. the Phytochemical and Thin Layer Chromatography Profile of Ethnomedcinal Plant Helicia Nilagirica (

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Zoremsiami J and Jagetia GC. the Phytochemical and Thin Layer Chromatography Profile of Ethnomedcinal Plant Helicia Nilagirica ( International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Chinese Medicine ISSN: 2576-4772 The Phytochemical and Thin Layer Chromatography Profile of Ethnomedcinal Plant Helicia Nilagirica (Bedd) Zoremsiami J and Jagetia GC* Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, India Research Article Volume 2 Issue 2 *Corresponding author: Ganesh Chandra Jagetia, Department of Zoology, Mizoram Received Date: February 17, 2018 University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram, India, 796 004, Tel: +919436352849; Email: Published Date: March 06, 2018 [email protected] Abstract The plants have provided valuable medicines in the form of secondary metabolites synthesized by them for various purposes. The present study deals with the phytochemical profiling of Helicia nilagrica using various phytochemical procedures and thin layer chromatography. The mature non-infected stem bark of Helicia nilagirica was collected, dried, powdered and subjected to sequential extraction with increasing polarity using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water. The different extracts were cooled and evaporated to dryness with rotary evaporator. The phytochemical analyses were carried out on chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts. The chloroform extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, whereas alkaloids, saponins and carbohydrates were completely absent. Similarly, the ethanol extract contained flavonoids, tannins, phenols and cardiac glycosides. The aqueous extract showed the presence of saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates. The TLC profile also showed the presence of different phytochemicals in the different extracts as indicated by different Rf values using various solvent systems. Keywords: Helicia nilagirica; Phytochemical; Flavonoid; Thin layer chromatography Introduction in this regard. In 2500 BC the Chinese emperor has written a book for 365 drugs some of which have been used even Medicinal plants have been used as the main traditional today include Rhei rhisoma, camphor, Theae folium, herbal medicinal system amongst rural dwellers Podophyllum, the great yellow gentian, ginseng, jimson worldwide since antiquity and they are still in use for weed, cinnamon bark, and ephedra [1,2]. Over the years healthcare. The earliest written evidence of use of plants as plants have been used as the main source of medicine medicine has been found around 5000 years before on a especially in the developing countries and more than 80% Sumerian clay slab from Nagpur which comprised of 12 of the world’s population relies on traditional medicine for recipes for drug preparation consisting over 125 plants their primary healthcare needs [3]. including poppy, henbane and mandrake. The Rig Veda, the ancient knowledge book of Hindus dating between Phytochemicals are natural bioactive chemical 3500 B.C. to1800 B.C. mentions several plant-based drugs compounds produced by various plants to protect for human healthcare and is the earliest systematic record themselves from environmental hazards such as pollution, The Phytochemical and Thin Layer Chromatography Profile of Ethnomedcinal Plant Helicia Nilagirica (Bedd) Int J Pharmacogn Chinese Med 2 International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Chinese Medicine stress, drought, UV exposure and pathogenic attack [4]. phytochemical analysis of Helicia nilagirica stimulated us These compounds are known as secondary plant to investigate its phytochemical composition. metabolites and include organic substances like alkaloids, carotenoids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, Materials and Methods flavonoids, saponins, vitamins, mucilages, minerals, organic acids etc. [5-8]. These secondary metabolites are of Chemicals and reagents great health benefits to humans. Some of the beneficial roles of phytochemicals include low toxicity, low cost, easy Potassium iodide, bismuth nitrate, sulphuric acid, ferric availability with an extensive range of therapeutic chloride, hydrochloric acid, aluminium chloride, activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, ammonium hydroxide, glacial acetic acid, chloroform, antidiabetic, antimalarial, anticholinergic, antileprotic and ethanol, methanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, sodium antineoplastic. These phytochemicals also help in the chloride, sulphuric acid, olive oil, and Whatman filter modulation of detoxification of enzymes, stimulation of the paper were procured from Sd fine Chemical Ltd., Mumbai, immune system, decrease in platelet aggregation and India. The TLC plates were commercially procured from modulation of hormone metabolism [9,10]. Even with a Merck India, Mumbai. remarkable progress made in synthetic drugs in modern medicine, therapies using medicinal plants still make a Collection and extraction major contribution to the pharmaceutical industry because The mature and non-infected stem bark of Helicia of their safety, easy availability, and cost effectiveness. nilagirica Bedd. (Family: Proteaceae) locally known as They also have synergistic effect with other biologically Pasaltakaza was collected from Sialsuk, Aizawl District of active ingredients due to the presence of beneficial Mizoram, India during the dry season. Identity of Helicia minerals [11,12]. nilagirica Bedd was authenticated by the Botanical Survey of India, Shillong. The cleaned and non-infected bark was Helicia nilagirica Bedd. (Family:Proteaceae) is locally spread into stainless steel trays and allowed to dry in the known as Pasaltakaza, is a medium-sized tree, which shade at room temperature in dark in clean and hygienic grows up to a height of 12 meters. It is widely distributed conditions to avoid entry of insects, animals, fungus, and in Sri Lanka, southern India, Burma (Myanmar), Indochina, extraneous terrestrial materials. The exhaust and free air Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand. It is also found scattered in circulation was allowed. The dried bark was powdered in a lowland to montane rain forests, up to an altitude of 500 - grinder at room temperature. A sample of 100 g of stem 3,350 meters. Some species are found in habitats along the bark powder was extracted sequentially in chloroform, streams whereas other species are found on hilltops or ethanol and water in a Soxhlet apparatus. Each extract was ridges [13]. It has been used as folk medicine since time concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure and immemorial in Mizoram, India by the Mizo people. The stored at -80°c until further use. decoction prepared by boiling the leaves or bark is used to treat various stomach ailments including peptic ulcers, Phytochemical Screening indigestion, mouth ulcer, urinary tract infection and gynecological disorders. The stem bark juice is applied to The different extracts of Helicia nilagirica were analyzed reduce muscular swelling and treat cuts and wounds. The for the presence of various phytochemicals using standard stem bark is also used in scabies and other skin diseases procedures as described below. [14]. H. nilagirica has been shown to possess anti- inflammatory and antioxidant properties recently [15,16]. Alkaloids H. nilagirica has been found to be cytotoxic in cultured The presence of alkaloids was determined by mixing HeLa cells indicating its anticancer potential in treating 0.1g of the extract with 0.5 ml of Mayer’s reagent and neoplastic disorders [17]. The fruits of H. nilagirica have Dragendorff’s reagent. The formation of a creamy (Mayer’s been used as a medicine to cure cough and cold in Sikkim reagent) or reddish-brown precipitate (Dragendorff’s [18]. Helicia nilagirica has been used in traditional reagent) indicated the presence of alkaloids [20,21]. medicine by the people of Mizoram and other states for healthcare and the information has been collected by Tannins meeting the elders who practice ethnomedicine. There are only very few reports about phytochemical analysis of About 0.5 g of dried powdered samples was boiled in 20 Helicia nilagirica and these studies were done on methanol ml of water in a test tube and filtered. A few drops of 0.1% extract and not all parameters were evaluated [14,19]. The ferric chloride was added to the filtrate. The formation of ethnomedicinal use and scanty information on the Zoremsiami J and Jagetia GC. The Phytochemical and Thin Layer Copyright© Zoremsiami J and Jagetia GC. Chromatography Profile of Ethnomedcinal Plant Helicia Nilagirica (Bedd). Int J Pharmacogn Chinese Med 2018, 2(2): 000131. 3 International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Chinese Medicine brownish green or a blue-black colour indicated the Cardiac glycosides (Keller-Killani test) presence of tannins [20,21]. The cardiac glycosides were determined by adding 5 ml Phlobatannins of each extract in 2 ml of glacial acetic acid containing one drop of ferric chloride solution that was underlayed with The aqueous extract of Helicia nilagirica was boiled with 1ml of concentrated sulphuric acid. The appearance of 1% aqueous hydrochloric acid and deposition of a red brown ring at the interface indicated the presence of precipitate indicated the presence of phlobatannins deoxysugar, which is a characteristic of cardenolides [20,21]. [20,21]. Saponins Carbohydrates About 2 g of the powdered sample was boiled with 20 The presence of carbohydrates in each extract of Helicia ml of distilled water in a water bath for 10 minutes and nilagirica was detected by the Benedict’s test, where the filtered while hot and cooled before conducting the filtrates of the extracts were treated with Benedict’s following tests: reagent and heated gently. The appearance
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