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A51-1/1990 Research Rapport de fa Branch Direction generafe Report de fa recherche ~ECEIl'e)) 1989 -1990 '"'l'....•.;'-0. .' .~ '.' '...•. : 1" \~ .. " UNIVERSITY OF P.t£. ~. ~~~~~~Cv~~~~1TlID\~(MflM~~~'u'~ LIBRARY USE ONLY Agriculture 1+1 Canada Research Directiongenerale Branch qe la recherche 140318 Research Rapport de la Branch Direction generale Report de la recherche 1989-1990 Research Branch Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Publication 5252 Publication 5252 1990 1990 Agriculture Canada Publication 5252 Agriculture Canada Publication 5252 available from On peut en obtenir des exemplaires a la Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada Direction generale des communications Ottawa, ant. KlA OC7 Agriculture Canada, Ottawa (ant.) KlA OC7 @Ministerof Supply and Services Canada 1990 @Ministredes Approvisionnements et Services Canada 1990 Cat. No. A51-1I1990 ISBN 0-662-57636-5 N° de cat. A51-1I1990 ISBN 0-662-57636-5 Printed 1990 3M-10:90 Impression 1990 3M-1O:90 Produced by Research Program Service Production du Service aux programmes de recherches CONTENTS TABLE DES MATIERES Foreword iv Avant-propos v Map of research establishments vi Carte des etablissements de recherches vi Headquarters 1 Administration centrale 1 Branch Executive 1 Haute direction 1 Organization of the Research Branch 2 Organisation de la Direction generale de la recherche 3 Program grid 4 Tableau du programme 4 Operational plan framework 5 Cadre du plan operationnel 7 Research Coordination 9 Coordination de la recherche 9 Strategies and Planning 15 Strategies et planification 15 Financial Planning and Analysis 17 Planification et analyse financiere 17 Industry Relations Office 19 Bureau des relations avec l'industrie 19 Management Services 21 Services de gestion 21 Policy Analysis and Planning 23 Planification et analyse des politiques 23 Research Program Service 25 Service aux programmes de recherches 25 Eastern Region 31 Region de I'Est 31 S1.John's West 33 S1.John's Ouest 33 Charlottetown 36 Charlottetown 36 Kentville 41 Kentville 41 Fredericton 46 Fredericton 46 Saint-Hyacinthe 51 Saint-Hyacinthe 51 Lennoxville 56 Lennoxville 56 Sainte-Foy 61 Sainte-Foy 61 Saint-Jean-sur- Richelieu 67 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 67 Delhi 72 Delhi 72 Harrow 75 Harrow 75 Kapuskasing 80 Kapuskasing 80 London 83 London 83 Vineland Station 87 Vineland Station 87 Central Experimental Farm 91 Ferme experimentale centrale 91 Animal Research Centre 93 Centre de recherches zootechniques 93 Biosystematics Research Centre 103 Centre de recherches biosystematiques 103 Food Research Centre 110 Centre de recherches sur les aliments 110 Land Resource Research Centre 114 Centre de recherches sur les terres 114 Plant Research Centre 125 Centre de recherches phytotechniques 125 Western Region 133 Region de I'Ouest 133 Brandon 135 Brandon 135 Morden 140 Morden 140 Winnipeg 144 Winnipeg 144 Melfort 149 Melfort 149 Regina 154 Regina 154 Saskatoon 159 Saskatoon 159 Swift Current 165 Swift Current 165 Beaverlodge 169 Beaverlodge 169 Lacombe 173 Lacombe 173 Lethbridge 178 Lethbridge 178 Agassiz 188 Agassiz 188 Kamloops 191 Kamloops 191 Summerland 195 Summerland 195 Vancouver 200 Vancouver 200 Research Branch Report 1989-1990 iii FOREWORD The Research Branch Reporl is aimed at Discussions on possible amendments informing clients, research partners, and to the Experimental Farm Stations Act are colleagues of the key work being performed currently under way. by our staff. This year's issue marks a To ensure the best use of its expertise change from previous issues in format and and facilities, the branch completed five some of the information elements. These program reviews in 1989-1990: food changes are meant to support the new research, breeding of Brassica oilseeds, directions established in the proposal for development of wheat cultivars in western action outlined in Part 5 of the working Canada, rhizosphere research, and beef papers entitled Canadian Agricultural research. Also completed were five station Research and Technology Transfer: Planning reviews: St. John's, London, Melfort, for the Future, first published in 1987. Beaverlodge, and Summerland. Among the new features are bilingual A human resource plan was developed staff directories, newly defined mandates, during the year to match future personnel key achievements, and important requirements with changing priorities, technology transfer articles for each of the demographics, and potential supply of 38 main establishments across Canada. scientific and management personnel. Along with Progress in Research and Mandates (available from Communications Two memoranda of understanding on Branch, Ottawa, Ont. KlA DC?), the horticultural research and technology Research Branch Reporl completes the new transfer are ready to be signed, between family of publications designed to give the Research Branch and the provinces of agri-food sector and other potential Nova Scotia and Ontario. These research partners a better insight into what memoranda are the first of a new group of the branch is doing. written understandings that will benefit our partnerships with the provinces in the In 1989 Agriculture Canada launched a future. major policy review on behalf of the federal ministers responsible for agriculture, with The Research Branch has continued to the release of the ministerial paper entitled reallocate human resources by about 5% Growing Together and the National each year. This year we transferred a crop Agri-food Policy Conference in December. utilization research unit from the Food Research Branch management has been Research Centre in Ottawa to the Protein, actively assessing the ways that research Oil, and Starch Plant in Saskatoon. Such and technology transfer can effectively flexibility creates closer links with industry strengthen the four pillars of Canadian and fosters a multidisciplinary approach. agri-food policy: The 1989-1990 edition of the Research • environmental sustainability Branch Reporl documents the continuous • marketing efforts of staff to deliver a broad, effective • self-reliance program that benefits all sectors of the • regional sensitivity. agri-food industry. Much new technology The following achievements since the and many opportunities exist for future last issue of this report reflect progress in cooperative agri-food research and harmony with our proposal for action. development in Canada today. Let's grow together. The Industry Relations Office (IRO) signed 50 new collaborative agreements in A.O. Olson 1989, for a total of some 400 currently Assistant Deputy Minister, Research active agreements with industry, universities, and other research partners. The Research Branch Advisory Committee met in October, and industry members attended the Research Branch directors' meeting held at the same time. Research advisory committees made up of producers and industry representatives have now been esrablished at all stations. iv Research Branch Report 1989-1990 AVANT-PROPOS Le Rapporl de la Direction generale de environ 400 Ie nombre d'accords en vigueur 1: edition 1989-1990 du Rapporl de la la recherche a pour but de renseigner nos avec l'industrie, des universites et d'autres Direction generale de la recherche montre clients, nos parten aires de la recherche et parten aires de recherche. jusqu'a quel point notre personnel fait des efforts constants pour offrir a tous les nos collegues sur les principaux travaux Le Comite national consultatif de la secteurs de l'industrie agro-alimentaire un effectues par nos chercheurs. 1:edition de Direction generale s'est reuni en octobre, et programme de recherche efficace et tres cette annee comporte un changement de des membres de l'industrie ont assiste a la etendu. Au Canada, aujourd'hui, grace format et quelques nouveaux elements reunion des directeurs de la Direction a I'essor considerable de la technologie, il est d'information. Ces changements generale de la recherche qui s'est tenue a repondent aux lignes directrices etablies cette occasion. Par ailleurs, on a forme possible plus que jamais d'etablir une etroite cooperation en recherche et dans notre plan d'action propose (partie 5 dans toutes les stations des comites developpement agro-alimentaire. des documents de travail intitules La consultatifs de recherche composes de recherche agricole et Ie transferl technologique producteurs et de representants de AO. Olson au Canada: Planification pour l'avenir), l'industrie. Sous-ministre adjoint la Recherche pubiie pour la premiere fois en 1987. a On examine actuellement des Les repertoires bilingues du personnel, modifications eventuelles de la Loi sur les les nouvelles definitions de mandats, les stations agronomiques. realisations les plus importantes et les articles les plus significatifs sur Ie transfert Pour verifier si ses competences et ses de technologie pour chacun des 38 installations sont utilisees de fa~n principaux etablissements au Canada optimale, en 1989-1990, nous avons revise comptent parmi les principales nouveautes les cinq programmes suivants : recherches de cette edition. Avec l'Etat de la recherche alimentaires, amelioration des oleagineux et les Mandats (disponible a la Direction Brassica, production de cultivars de ble dans generale des communications, Ottawa l'Ouest canadien, recherche sur .la (ant.) KIA DC?), Ie Rapporl de la Direction rhizosphere et recherche sur les bovins de generale de la recherche complete ce groupe boucherie. On a fait aussi la revision de de publications qui a pour but de donner cinq
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  • Life History Evolution in the Parasitoid Hymenoptera Ruth Elizabeth Traynor

    Life History Evolution in the Parasitoid Hymenoptera Ruth Elizabeth Traynor

    Life history evolution in the parasitoid Hymenoptera Ruth Elizabeth Traynor This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of York Department of Biology 2004 Abstract This thesis addresses life history evolution of the parasitoid Hymenoptera. It aims to identify assumptions that should be incorporated into parasitoid life history theory and the predictions that theory should aim to make. Both two species and multi-species comparative studies as well as up-to-date phylogenetic information are employed to investigate these issues. Anecdotal observations suggest that solitary parasitoids have narrower host ranges than closely related gregarious species. There are several possible reasons for this; for example gregarious species may be able to exploit larger bodied hosts because they can fully consume the host, which may be essential for successful pupation to occur. Comparative laboratory experiments between two closely related species of Aphaereta, one of which is solitary and the other gregarious, show no difference in the extent of host range. This study does, however, suggest that differences in the realized niche that each species occupies in the field may result from life history differences between the species. These differences may themselves have arisen due to solitary or gregarious development. The first multi-species study in the thesis uses a data set, compiled for the parasitic Hymenoptera by Blackburn (1990), to address factors that may influence body size and clutch size. This study builds on previous analyses of the data (see Blackburn 1990, 1991a/b, Mayhew & Blackburn 1999) through the use of up-to-date phylogenetic information. Evidence is found that the host stage attacked by a parasitoid is associated with both body and clutch size, due to the amount of resources available for the developing parasitoids.