Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan Plan and Enhancement Protection Royal Mount

Printed in Canada Legal deposit Bibliothèque nationale Second quarter 2009 ISBN-978-2-7647-0793-7

Une version française de ce document est disponible sur demande ou sur le site Internet de la Ville de Montréal à ville.montreal.qc.ca ville.montreal.qc.ca Printed on recycled paper Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan

Ville de Montréal April 2009

M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN Gérald Tremblay Gérald Montréal of Mayor . and will be Master Plan to the the to Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan Complementary Document am pleased to present the present to am pleased Its tremendous breadth and depth are the fruit of careful work on the part of on the part of work careful fruit of the are and depth breadth Its tremendous residents, of participation active along with the consulted, experts the many include it should that all them equally of concerned and institutions, associations the Mountain. and enhance protect to c measures specifi the one of in the Plan will make Mount Royal the measures that I am convinced will on the continent. challenges be many There and heritage sites natural nest fi of this goal, and the Plan has the advantage toward work to continue as we are that habitats natural and upgrading protecting identifying them clearly: and the city; preserving of in the heart are because they especially sensitive maintaining and enhancing landscapes nally, and, fi the built heritage restoring and views. vigilance day-to-day actions – from of a wide variety goals calls these for Meeting the of the strengths One of projects. strategic with long-term forward moving to goals. pursuing all these of for the means of description its detailed Plan is in fact the Plan, were to central which are schemes, the protection cally, specifi More in the entrenched I included in borough urban planning by-laws. urban planning by-laws. included in borough all the leaders by commitment along with the clear all provisions, these Given Mount that the Mountain, I truly believe and enhancing in protecting involved rm resolve. such fi backed up by protection, such broad enjoyed has never Royal

The Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan brings together an impressive series of actions aimed at preserving and enriching this natural and cultural haven in the heart of our city.

The Plan extends far beyond merely protecting heritage components by proposing a series of entirely new and modern preservation measures (ecological corridors, for instance), strategic enhancement projects (like the ring road) and ambitious environmental initiatives (such as shifting the focus away from automobile traffi c).

Montrealers will be delighted to see that we have not just preserved the legacy of past generations, but are working to enrich this precious asset for future generations.

A number of the innovations in the Plan are the fruit of inspired initiatives by our Helen Fotopulos institutional partners. This shared commitment on the part of all stakeholders to Executive Committee Member protect and enhance the Mountain is a long-sought objective. It is now a reality, Responsible for Mount Royal, Major Parks, Nature Parks, and is sure to serve us well as we pursue these goals. For me, this is the Plan’s Nature Museums and Women’s Issues greatest strength, as well as our fi nest gift to history. M OUNT R OYAL P ROTECTION

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I am very satisfi ed with this richly detailed and highly relevant Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan. I am especially impressed by the fact that it rests on a strong consensus, patiently crafted by citizens, volunteer groups and associations, as well as by residents and institutions on the slopes of the

Mountain, and also including our municipal and other government authorities.

It could not have happened otherwise, for the only way we can guarantee the protection of an area as vast and as coveted as Mount Royal is by developing a common vision and a commitment on the part of all stakeholders.

This remarkable result was achieved by the Table de concertation du Mont- Claude Corbo Royal, which managed to bring together all the interested parties and reach this Chair of the Table de concertation consensus. The concepts that emerged from this roundtable – and especially the du Mont-Royal protection schemes – required numerous meetings, painstaking work by four standing committees, the drafting of no fewer than a dozen reports and as many full meetings of the Table itself.

Having witnessed fi rst-hand this dedicated volunteer work, I can state that, beyond its intrinsic value, the Plan above all symbolizes our community’s maturity and expresses its ability to rally its members around a civic, environmental, heritage and cultural project of great scope.

From here forward, the city of Montréal will be responsible for implementing the

Plan. The Table de concertation du Mont-Royal, for its part, will be monitoring progress in this regard. M OUNT R OYAL P ROTECTION

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BACKGROUND 3

VISION 5

1.OBJECTIVES 7

2.ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES 9 2.1 Protecting and enhancing Mount Royal 9 2.1.1 Protection and enhancement schemes 10 2.1.1.1 Landscapes 10 2.1.1.2 Natural habitats 19 2.1.1.3 Built and landscaped environments 29 2.1.2 Applying the protection and enhancement schemes 41 2.1.2.1 Parks 41 2.1.2.2 Major institutional complexes 51 2.1.2.3 Residential neighbourhoods 55 2.1.2.4 Road network 57 2.2 Making the Mountain an accessible and welcoming place 59 2.2.1 Accessibility 59 2.2.1.1 Internal traffi c on the Mountain 64 2.2.2 Visitor reception and services in Mount Royal Park 65 2.3 Creating the appropriate conditions to protect and enhance Mount Royal 67 2.3.1 Promoting, publicizing and building awareness 67 2.3.1.1 Property owners 67 2.3.1.2 Users 68 2.3.1.3 Students 69 2.3.1.4 Tourists 70 2.3.2 Securing the necessary funding 71

3.IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN 73 3.1 Expanding knowledge 73 3.2 Establishing a management framework 74 3.2.1 The standing management co-ordination committee for the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District 74 3.2.2 Management tools 75 3.2.2.1 The Complementary Document to the Master Plan 75 3.2.2.2 The Mount Royal Heritage Pact 76 3.2.2.3 Financial assistance programs 76 3.2.2.4 Developing management and regulatory tools 79 3.2.2.5 The management framework for Mount Royal Park 80 3.3 Projects 81 3.4 Ensuring an ongoing role for the Table de concertation du Mont-Royal 82

APPENDICES 83 Appendix 1 - Biodiversity 84 Appendix 2 - Archaeology 87 LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

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2 Background

Mount Royal is one of Montréal’s best-known landmarks. Its exceptional natural, cultural and heritage qualities were recognized by its designation as a heritage site in 1987 and the adoption of the Montréal Master Plan and the Mount Royal enhancement plan (Plan de mise en valeur du mont Royal) in 1992.

A number of steps have reaffi rmed the goal of protecting and enhancing the Mountain, including: • the Mount Royal sector summit, as part of the Montréal Summit in 2002; • the adoption in 2003 of an addendum to the City Contract to transfer responsibility for managing the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District to the city and allocate a specifi c budget for its conservation and enhancement; • the statement of guidelines relating to Mount Royal in the Montréal Master Plan adopted in 2004 and its designation as a detailed planning area; • the adoption of the Policy on the Protection and Enhancement of Natural Habitats in 2004; • the creation of the Bureau du Mont-Royal and the Table de concertation du Mont-Royal in 2004, and the start of work by M

the Table in 2005; OUNT • the adoption by the Quebec government, under the Cultural Property Act, of the decree creating the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District in 2005; R OYAL • the adoption of the Heritage Policy in 2005;

• the addition to the Agreement on the cultural development of Montréal (Entente sur le développement culturel de Montréal), P in 2006, of point 5 relating to the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District; ROTECTION • in May 2007, the consensus by the Table de concertation on the protection schemes presented by the city and its recommendation to the city regarding the Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan;

• as part of “Montréal, Cultural Metropolis - Rendez-vous November 2007”: AND - including specifi c actions for protecting and enhancing Mount Royal in the “Improve the cultural quality of the living environment” approach of the Action Plan; E NHANCEMENT - renewing and expanding the Agreement on the cultural development of Montréal for the 2008-2011 period. P LAN

3 In January 2008, the Montréal municipal council adopted the draft Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan and the draft By-law amending the Complementary Document to the Master Plan, with a view to introducing new measures to protect and enhance Mount Royal, and submitted them both for public study to the Offi ce de consultation publique de Montréal.

In the wake of these decisions, in February 2008, institutional property owners in the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District made concrete commitments to protecting and enhancing the heritage components on their property; together, these commitments will constitute the Mount Royal Heritage Pact.

In addition to these signifi cant commitments, continuing studies and other work, combined with an analysis of the opinions formulated, briefs submitted and recommendations contained in the report published by the Offi ce de consultation publique in August 2008, all led the city to adopt the present Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan. LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

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4 Vision

“A combined work of nature and diverse cultures, Mount Royal is an exceptional monument that contributes to the vibrant identity of Montreal and to the quality of the city’s environment and way of life.”1

Mount Royal, shaped by the combined efforts of the city, its partners and residents, is and will always be a symbol for all Montrealers, a place that embodies our living memories. Its exceptional symbolic value must be reinforced, and in that regard protecting and enhancing its landscapes and heritage greatly depend on better knowledge of all its dimensions and respect for its limited capacity to accommodate new construction.

Accordingly, municipal authorities are reaffi rming their support for the three-summit concept, with its proposed strategy of safeguarding, enhancing and opening up the Mountain. This was the cornerstone of the 1992 Mount Royal enhancement plan and has since been updated by the Table de concertation du Mont-Royal. Along with the work of the Table de concertation du Mont-

Royal and the results of the consultation by the Offi ce de consultation publique de Montréal, this concept now more than ever calls M

for a public consensus around a common goal. OUNT R

The city, in co-operation with all its partners – associations, institutions, businesses and public authorities, in particular those sitting OYAL together on the Table de concertation du Mont-Royal – is proposing an innovative and enlightened approach to planning and managing Mount Royal. Mindful of the importance of the major role played by residents, both in the past and today, the city hopes P that its citizens will take part in shaping the future of the Mountain, and invites all its partners to act, just as landscape architect ROTECTION Frederick Law Olmsted wanted for Mount Royal Park, in keeping with “[...] principles applicable to works of art.”2

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1 Mount Royal Charter, proclaimed in Montréal on March 14, 2002 P

2 “In short, it is not to be denied that you cheated yourselves when you bought the mountain for a park unless you were prepared LAN

to have it managed on principles applicable to works of art.” Frederick Law Olmsted, Mount Royal (New York, Putnam, 1881)

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6 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 7 s y d y and tions. dating dating 1 Mount Royal is to be a success. is to een the city and the Mountain. Objectives the links betw allowmost of its attrac users to make the improve improved to , and based on the work of the Table de concertation du Mont- de concertation Table the of , and based on the work was to was Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan lays out objectives inspired by the goals established in the 1992 the goals established by inspired out objectives lays Royal Park must be Park Royal Montréal Master Plans Mount Royal enhancement plan and the 1992 and 2004 Protecting and enhancing Mount Royal; Protecting place; and welcoming Making the Mountain an accessible Mount Royal. and enhance protect to conditions the appropriate Creating Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan • • • he These objectives must be shared and made public if the be shared must objectives These enhancement plan our view of its heritage, in particular by including the concept of landscape and recognizing its designation as an ecoterritor its designation landscape and recognizing of including the concept by in particular its heritage, of our view district. and natural a historic Creating the appropriate conditions to protect and enhance Mount Royal and enhance protect to conditions the appropriate Creating an its heritage components of the quality and diversity people of inform it is important to Mount Royal, and enhance protect To One of the key aims of the 1992 aims of the key One of point to the importance of making its protection a priority, by refi ning initiatives for protecting features of interest and up interest of features protecting for ning initiatives refi by a priority, making its protection of the importance point to place and welcoming Making the Mountain an accessible and the importance components these and enhance protect to the need of make all aware stakeholders and to issues, the related be obtained. funding may the necessary so that involved becoming of Protecting and enhancing Mount Royal Protecting clearl the years and enhancing the Mountain and the actions taken over protecting to with regard raised and concerns The issues T Royal and the statements in various policies relating to the Mountain adopted in recent years: in recent the Mountain adopted to relating policies in various and the statements Royal Work must continue on upgrading access to the Mountain and the roads that circle it so as to make all existing and future route and future make all existing it so as to circle that the Mountain and the roads to access on upgrading continue must Work and educational. inviting safe, user-friendly, more offered in Mount In addition, the quality of services LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

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8 Issues, aims and initiatives 2

2.1 Protecting and enhancing Mount Royal

Right from the beginning, Mount Royal has played a key role in defi ning Montréal’s image and identity. Its impact extends beyond the city, too – with its typical Monteregian topography, it rises above the surrounding plain and stands as a lush green landmark for the whole region.

Closer to home, it is this same topography, with dramatic rock walls, combined with its dominant position in the city, that has given the Mountain’s different heritage components their sin- gular characteristics: varied landscaped features, of which the most prominent is Mount Royal Park, one of renowned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted’s masterpieces; distinctive plant cover that enhances both its Montreal from St. Helen’s Island, James Duncan, 1831 ecological value and beauty; an exceptional archaeological heritage extending back to prehistory; architectural, artistic and commemorative structures consisting of the major institutions, cemeteries and homes that have gradually taken over the slopes and part of the very heart of this exceptional site; and the roads and paths circling, climbing and crossing it, giving or blocking access to the Mountain.

All these heritage components sit side by side, coexisting, overlapping and rising atop one another to create landscapes and ambiances that evolve constantly with the time of day and year, offering the eye ever-renewed splendours. This evolution is also a result of a number of factors that affect the health of the Mountain’s heritage: natural factors, from weeds to insect pests; human factors, too, some as minor as mountain biking or vandalism, some causing more lasting damage – felling trees, paving surfaces and erecting new buildings. M OUNT

Together, all these natural and human actions have considerably altered the Mountain’s appearance and in some cases have R diluted the signifi cance of its heritage components and landscapes. The pace at which the Mountain is being transformed has OYAL

picked up sharply in the past decade, illustrating the urgent need to better identify and describe its different components to ensure P

that they are protected and enhanced as such exceptional treasures deserve. ROTECTION

Consequently, this Protection and Enhancement Plan outlines different protection and enhancement schemes, to be adapted to each of the Mountain’s main components.

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9 2.1.1 Protection and enhancement schemes

Separate schemes have been drawn up to protect and enhance the Mountain’s landscapes, natural habitats and built and landscaped environments. These schemes call for immediate action based on the current state of knowledge and the tools available in each fi eld, but also include longer-term initiatives that will benefi t from additional research and the development of new tools.

While the objectives of these schemes generally converge, implementing them simultaneously could sometimes create inconsistencies or contradictions. Should such problems arise, they will each be thoroughly assessed in terms of the issues involved.

2.1.1.1 Landscapes

Mount Royal’s twofold designation as a historic and natural district is a refl ection of the goal of protecting this treasure with its unique built and natural heritage and encouraging its harmonious development, with a view to preserving it for future generations. This dual legal status shows how the concept of heritage has expanded to include a concept increasingly prevalent in urban planning issues, i.e. landscape.

The Mountain’s charms and its superb landscapes result from a complex balance between its natural (plants and rocks) and cultural (built or landscaped) components, its different views, the way it is perceived from downtown, surrounding Montreal in 1832, watercolour by James Duncan neighbourhoods and other parts of the Mountain, and the way in which it changes from day to day and throughout the seasons.

The Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan is based on the European Landscape Convention (Florence, 2000), which defi nes landscape as “an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors.” The concept of landscape encompasses aspects much wider than the simple question of visual quality; it touches on many different values (relating to symbolism, identity, nature and heritage) that people assign to a given territory.

Although over the years different studies have looked at landscape components typical of certain parts of the Mountain, none

LAN of these studies focused on its overall landscape. The studies conducted to date have instead addressed specifi c aspects of the P landscape, often as a secondary consideration or without taking their interrelationships into account. NHANCEMENT E AND

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10 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 11 g ents 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Ice-covered rock wall in Rutherford Park in Rutherford wall rock Ice-covered and the 1992 Master Plan have had varying degrees of of degrees had varying have landscape and the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District, including natural and built landmarks, rock walls and walls rock District, and built landmarks, and Natural including natural Historic landscape and the Mount Royal trees; and prominent outcrops District. and Natural Historic Royal the Mount of in the territory spaces in and identify the circumstances or assessed, designed are District and Natural Historic the Mount Royal of territory needed. are which such studies describing, analyzing, assessing and recognizing, as appropriate, the outstanding landscape components of the regional the regional of landscape components the outstanding as appropriate, describing, and recognizing, analyzing, assessing the different characterize that describing, the landscape components on a smaller analyzing and assessing, scale, actions on the before should be conducted that landscape studies for cations specifi of set a standardized establish measures. and enhancement protection implement the appropriate and develop

- - - - specifi cally regarding the landscape components of Mount Royal, in particular by: in particular Mount Royal, of the landscape components cally regarding specifi EASURES PPROACH M 1. build on knowledge Europe, in North America and elsewhere observed and practices methods Based on conventions, 2. this study: of the completion Pending 3. this study: of the completion Following success in protecting and enhancing them. and in protecting success with an overall description of Mount Royal’s landscape. This will make it possible to better identify and understand its compon identify and understand better to This will make it possible landscape. Mount Royal’s of description with an overall A startin involves the planned approach actions, any and assessing in planning account taken into the landscape is that ensure To them in the longer term. and enhance protect doing things to of and ways and implement means and develop parties, other by actions proposed vigilant, remain actions and in assessing the city must the sameown in its At both time, and protect to its tools developing and continue interest, known of components of or enhancement the protection regarding and sightlines. views enhance Mount Royal enhancement plan The nature and components of the Mountain’s landscape and landscape Mountain’s the of and components The nature well not are and enhancing it in protecting involved the issues and management tools but the regulatory or recognized, known on the landscape an impact do have the territory for approaches views Although ways. them in different and shape components the attention, more received have Mount Royal and of from based on the measures protective Views

The need to maintain sightlines between the Mountain and the St. Lawrence River, the other bodies of water and the surrounding urban environment has been noted by many stakeholders since the late 1980s. This concern was addressed fi rst of all in 1992, in the Master Plan and the Mount Royal enhancement plan, and then in the 2004 Master Plan, which emphasized the importance of protecting and enhancing these views.

View from the Kondiaronk lookout

These objectives are complicated by the expanding and increasingly dense urban environment, in particular for sightlines through areas slated for major real-estate development, such as the business district and institutional properties on the mountainside. From the Kondiaronk lookout, a popular tourist destination, views of the River have shrunk over the years and are now partly obscured, despite measures in the Master Plan and borough urban planning by-laws to protect these views.

Furthermore, despite their visibility from the Mountain, not a great deal of thought is given to the appearance of the “fi fth facades” (i.e. roofs and rooftop equipment) of buildings on and around the mountainside, and the results are sometimes less than esthetically pleasing.

A PPROACH

Based on updated inventories of views from and of the Mountain, and of views of other parts of the Mountain, the planned approach involves improving the effectiveness of existing protective tools and developing means of enhancing these views, which are such a signifi cant part of Montréal’s identity. LAN

P M EASURES

1. Harmonize and improve the effectiveness of existing regulatory tools, by supplementing the criteria in the Complementary Document to the Master Plan in such a way as to:

NHANCEMENT - specify the location of viewpoints;

E - rank, within the territory on the sightlines from these viewpoints, elevations above which the criteria for assessing a

AND project’s impact on views apply.

2. Develop means of improving the quality of views and ensure that they are enhanced, in particular through: - standards and criteria relating to the appearance of building roofs and cornices; ROTECTION - improvements to the design and maintenance of lookout points, especially on public property, where most of these P lookouts are located. OYAL

R 3. Identify and enhance viewpoints on the Mountain offering views of other parts of the Mountain, in particular in co-operation with the cemeteries. OUNT M

Views of interest from Mount Royal X Views of Mount Royal of interest X X 12 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 14 eld 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AND AIMS 2. ISSUES, Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan Enhancement and Protection Mount Royal Mount Royal from view Threatened Mount Royal from View Views of interest from Mount Royal Mount from interest of Views March 2009 A. Kondiaronk lookout A. Kondiaronk B. Park Rutherford to des Pins next Avenue C. des Pins avenue at Rue Peel, D. du Docteur-Penfi avenue at Rue de la Montagne, E. Hospital General the Montreal north of Clearing F. intersection and Côte-des-Neiges Cedar G. the south lookout, Summit Park toward H. Park King George lookout I. Roslyn J. Royal Mount of Oratory Saint Joseph’s K. the north lookout, Summit Park toward L. chemin Polytechnique de Montréal, Université pavilion M. de Montréal Main Université N. Uphill Vincent-D’Indy of O. Camillien Houde lookout P. the north toward Camillien-Houde, Voie Q. Cemetery) (Mount Royal Mountain View R. Park Mount Royal of along the Crags Paths staircase Trafalgar S. T. intersection and Cedar De Ramezay 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES

Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan

Views of Mount Royal of interest

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View of Mount Royal NHANCEMENT

E Threatened view of Mount Royal AND

The viewpoints selected are all public locations on the Mountain or relatively close to the Mountain. Protecting the sightlines from these viewpoints will in most cases help to protect views from ROTECTION more remote points, such as viaducts, interchanges, highways, P bridges and railways at some distance from downtown. OYAL R March 2009 OUNT M

15 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 18 parts of the Mountain parts of 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan and Enhancement Protection Mount Royal Views of the Mountain from different different from the Mountain of Views Viewpoints Viewpoints 6 1 to Park Mount Royal 7 16 8 to lookout Cemetery Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Garden Rue Surrey 23 17 to Cemetery Mount Royal 24 Summit 2009 March 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES

2.1.1.2 Natural habitats Lack of awareness is the clearest threat facing the various components of Mount Royal’s natural heritage. Hence protecting and enhancing them must be a priority. Mount Royal and its greenery are key aspects of Montréal’s identity and image; the bedrock visible at the surface of Mount Royal, Given their value in ecological and environmental terms, a conservation plan has along with such other elements of interest as the rock walls and outcrops, prominent trees and some rare plants, are major been drawn up based on encouraging biodiversity and adding to biomass, while the components of its natural heritage. landscape protection scheme focuses on their landscape value and their contribution to the composition of the Mountain’s landscapes. Most of its plant cover has been altered by different actions over the years, yet in addition to its unique relief, Mount Royal has retained some of its signifi cant original characteristics. These include typical Monteregian plant communities such as red oak stands, which have great ecological value. Even today, the Mountain is a vast green space encompassing a variety of invaluable natural habitats in the heart of a highly urbanized city.

Changes in wooded areas on Mount Royal

1931 1964

Biodiversity

Mount Royal’s biodiversity lies in the wealth of its ecosystems, its species and their genetic material. Its biodiversity can also be seen in the variety of natural habitats, from clearings to open land, woodlands and wetlands. To preserve Mount Royal’s ecosystems, the fi rst steps must be to protect its summits, slopes, rock walls, piedmont, plains and valleys (its biotopes), which support the fl ora and fauna (biocoenosis) found there.

Maintaining the biodiversity of Mount Royal is a major issue for the entire Montréal metropolitan area. There are a number of considerations: • while Mount Royal’s hydrological system is almost non-existent today, water is an essential factor in maintaining biodiversity; • such invasive plants species as Norway maple and common buckthorn are 1983 2002 spreading and threatening the biodiversity and integrity of the Mountain’s ecosystem – there is a risk that its ecological conditions could be permanently altered; • other plant species, such as wild leek, and some animal species, such as American toads and wood frogs, have disappeared or become rare in recent Wood frog decades, impoverishing the ecosystems; • the division of natural habitats into smaller units is threatening the viability of the ecosystems that support animal life. M OUNT LAN P R OYAL P ROTECTION NHANCEMENT E

The wooded areas shown in green correspond to three strata of vegetation (herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees). Stands of AND

trees on grass were not considered. The boundaries of the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District are marked in red. AND E NHANCEMENT

Different parts of the Mountain’s plant cover have changed in different ways over the past forty years. In Mount Royal Park, the ROTECTION amount of open space and grassy areas planted with trees has shrunk considerably, especially since 1992, occasionally giving P way to open spaces covered by invasive weeds and ruderal (wasteland plant) species, while wooded or naturalized spaces have OYAL expanded considerably. Elsewhere on the Mountain, natural spaces have disappeared and been replaced by new buildings or R parking lots. P LAN OUNT M

W Views of the Mountain from different parts of the Mountain Conservation plan X 19 20 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 22 Conservation plan Conservation 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan and Enhancement Protection Mount Royal Natural District Natural Policy on the Protection and Enhancement of Natural Habitats Park and Historic the Mount Royal Boundary of (114 ha) interest and ecological horticultural Plain of (5.57 ha) be enhanced to interest of Woods space Green (121 ha) zone Core ha) (72 be consolidated to zone Core (30 m) (61 ha) zone Buffer (55 ha) corridor Ecological area wooded Existing under the * 2009 March Components of the ecological network* (423 ha) network* the ecological of Components network Outside the ecological

; 3 : Master Plan to the to ecological network Bloodroot Complementary Document 3 protecting endangered plant and animal species; endangered protecting consolidating the network of paths on the Mountain and closing illicit paths paths. of the network consolidating as part of the Mount Royal Heritage Pact, conduct joint planning with institutional property owners whose property is whose property owners property joint planning with institutional Heritage Pact, conduct the Mount Royal as part of affected by the conservation plan; the conservation by affected plan; conservation the entire to applying management approach an ecological develop implement a fi nancial partnership program to support institutional property owners in their efforts to consolidate consolidate to in their efforts owners property support institutional to nancial partnership program implement a fi biodiversity; biodiversity; plan. the conservation by covered territory entire the for tools and monitoring apply awareness eradicating invasive plants on the Mountain; invasive eradicating include regulatory measures (by-laws) in the (by-laws) measures include regulatory

------to its mineral elements and unique features (e.g. rock walls and outcrops, prominent trees and rare plants). and rare trees prominent and outcrops, walls rock (e.g. elements and unique features mineral its to EASURES

M 1. the within role its particular plays zone each that ensure to measures Take 3. run-off management strategy. a water Develop 4. attention with particular habitats, natural Royal’s and enhancing Mount of knowledge expanding aimed at studies Continue 2. as: such issues targeting management approach, on the ecological based program an intervention Develop

See Appendix 1 - Biodiversity Mayapple 3 Two species of endangered plants endangered species of Two

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M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 23

, al te nds cores cores buffer proach proach liferation liferation comprises, comprises, linking the , in turn, relies , in turn, relies ecological network network core zones , four types of zones: zones: of types , four , and stems from an approach an approach from , and stems ecological corridors . core zones , where some work is required; is required; some work , where plains of horticultural and ecological interest . The protection of these these of . The protection , which act as transition zones between the between zones , which act as transition , and to be consolidated in addition to the in addition to zones Where Mount Royal is concerned, the is concerned, Mount Royal Where cores ecological network and urbanized areas, areas, and urbanized for and shelter food provides the rich vegetation where actions allowing es plan identifi conservation The wildlife. within the role its particular play to zones these of each 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, core zones A It is also important to establish an overall water run-off management strategy, run-off management strategy, water an overall establish It is also important to drainage where in areas water of and bodies wetlands of the creation calling for wildlife. for importance strategic is of their location allow; conditions B C Policy on the Protection and Enhancement of Natural Habitats A PPROACH B A ) A be protected to biodiversity of pocket zone: Core ) B zone a core protect to zone: Buffer ) C zones linking the core Corridor The ecological network The ecological because of their characteristics or location, and linking them in a network. This approach is inspired by the them in a network. and linking by or location, is inspired This approach their characteristics because of recognized by different ecological experts in Europe and North America. Moreover, the conservation plan is not intended to crea to intended plan is not conservation the Moreover, and North America. in Europe experts ecological different by recognized Mount Royal. functions of and multiples visitors of numbers the large of account it takes since reserve,” an “ecological model outlined by the city in its the city model outlined by The biodiversity facet of the conservation plan is based on a study of the ecological features of the territory. The planned ap the territory. of features the ecological of on a study plan is based the conservation of facet The biodiversity A focuses on protecting spaces of superior ecological integrity and value, in particular because of the presence of mature woodla mature of the presence because of in particular and value, integrity ecological superior of spaces on protecting focuses termed are These biodiversity. of pockets represent and because they At the same time as the conservation plan is being implemented, the eradication of invasive plants and the protection of of plants and the protection invasive of the eradication plan is being implemented, the sameAt conservation time as the be on the Mountain must paths of the network do so, To special attention. be given must plant and animal species endangered and the pro like alongside paths, areas, ourish in disturbed plants fl invasive and illicit closed, since paths developed better its ecosystems. of the fragmentation to contributes paths of on identifying other spaces of less intrinsic interest, but which are just as important for the ecosystemic health of Mount Roy Mount of health the ecosystemic as important for just but which are intrinsic interest, less of spaces on identifying other M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 25

s of ly in that that ungal r. Thi r. , howeve and Natural District and Natural Royal Historic Royal 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, the green spaces in the Mount the green spaces preserve all Temperatures in the Mount Royal sector on June 27, 2005 on June 27, sector Royal Mount in the Temperatures one green space be replaced by another of identical size does not necessarily ensure that the same biomass will be preserved, will the same that be preserved, biomass ensure necessarily not does identical size of another by be replaced space one green shrubs and trees). plants, (herbaceous vegetation of strata the three of each on the quality and density of it depends since option would offer property owners very little fl exibility in developing or redeveloping their properties. Even the requirement Even their properties. or redeveloping in developing exibility little fl very owners property offer would option government. to hope to It would be unrealistic or bacterial diseases. In this connection, the city has already set up a monitoring network in co-operation with higher levels with higher levels in co-operation network up a monitoring set the city has already In this connection, diseases. or bacterial could directly affect its quantity (paving surfaces, levelling properties, etc.) and such natural factors as insect pests and f as insect pests factors etc.) and such natural properties, levelling surfaces, its quantity (paving affect directly could Expanding the biomass on Mount Royal calls for increased vigilance, on the one hand, regarding both the variety of actions that of the variety both on the one hand, regarding vigilance, increased calls for on Mount Royal the biomass Expanding Maintaining and increasing the plant cover on Mount Royal, an island of greenery in the heart of the city, is worthwhile not on not is worthwhile the city, of in the heart greenery of an island Mount Royal, on the plant cover Maintaining and increasing health. quality and public environmental of ts in terms benefi obvious but also offers scenery, and ambiance of terms Plant biomass refers to the mass of living plant matter at a given time in a given environment. It shades cities from the sun, the sun, environment. from cities time in a given It shades given a at matter living plant of the mass to refers Plant biomass change. climate to linked effects islands and limiting heat thereby air temperatures, and reduces evapotranspiration encourages Biomass A PPROACH

The planned approach for the biomass facet of the conservation plan is designed to ensure that each development or redevelopment initiative in the district has a positive impact on the Mountain’s biomass, over a 15-year horizon.

Any action affecting the plant cover of any green spaces outside the ecological network should be accompanied by compensatory measures (planting new vegetation, or a green roof, for example) to increase biomass in the long run. This kind of approach means that methodology will need to be developed for measuring the plant biomass of the properties in question.

At the same time, the city will have to remain on the lookout for diseases and insect pests, and be careful to limit the vulnerability of the plant cover by diversifying the species and families planted.

M EASURES

1. Develop an appropriate management framework for maintaining and enhancing biomass.

2. Develop a reference tool for quantifying and qualifying the plant biomass of the properties in the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District.

3. Pending the availability of such tools: - introduce regulatory measures into the Complementary Document to the Master Plan, with a view to limiting the paving of yards; - as part of development or redevelopment projects, agree with the property owners concerned on voluntary measures for expanding biomass. LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

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26 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 2828 Native graves surveyed Archaeological sites and sites Archaeological Sulpician Seminary Dawson Sainte-Sophie Place quarry Prehistoric de la Montagne, Fort House in Westmount graves Native Hurtubise Park Walters villa, Percy Rosemount Mount Royal of Oratory Hill, Saint Snow Joseph’s funicular Park Mount Royal site Park Mance Jeanne Prehistoric 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AND INITIATIVES AIMS AIMS 2. ISSUES, 2. ISSUES, Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan and Enhancement Protection Mount Royal Archaeological site Archaeological Park between Vincent-D’Indy and Fernhill Vincent-D’Indy between reservoir Mount Royal Native grave Native S1 burial site Westmount S2 Cemetery) (Mount Royal graves lot Lyman S3 in the cave Graves S4 on Rue Pratt Graves S5 on Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Graves S6 on Chemin Queen-Mary (MTL07-04-2) Graves *See Appendix 2 for description 2009 March List of archaeological sites* archaeological List of BiFj-006 BiFj-031 BiFj-036 BiFj-080 BiFj-081 BjFj-001 BjFj-046 BjFj-097 BjFj-117 BjFj-130 BjFj-134 MTL List of Native graves* Native of List e es tion ation ation preventive conservation measures). measures). preventive conservation conservation, interpretation and dissemination). interpretation conservation, in situ covering the territory corresponding specifi cally to archaeological aspects of research. aspects of archaeological cally to specifi corresponding the territory covering study. the potential measures. actions include protection private-sector heritage enhancing its archaeological to contributing of means promising with them the most and explore landscape, ( EASURES PPROACH

M 1. District, and Natural Historic the Mount Royal of potential and historic prehistoric the archaeological, of a study Conduct 2. in established c priorities based on the scientifi on this territory, program inventory and launch an archaeological Prepare 3. and public- so that heritage, archaeological the for a management framework gained, develop Based on the knowledge 4. the Mount Royal of the evolution in understanding archaeology of the importance of partners aware Make the different

in its history. in its history. between the Mountain’s particular physical environment, especially as compared with the rest of Montréal’s landscape, and the landscape, Montréal’s of with the rest environment, physical particular especially as compared Mountain’s the between phas the different through it, prehistory from and transformed their own it for taken have populations in which successive ways With a view to developing an integrated approach for Mount Royal’s archaeological heritage, research must focus on the interrel focus must research heritage, archaeological Mount Royal’s for approach an integrated developing to With a view A ca the identifi including both information, gathering for strategies calls for resources archaeological and enhancing Protecting Th program). (inventory and its exploration studies) (potential the area of potential archaeological theoretical the overall of maps (potential acquired the knowledge of take account to management tools, updating of also include means must approach including for actions and management framework

P E P R M LAN NHANCEMENT AND ROTECTION OYAL OUNT 30

M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 29 is al site, site, have enced enced 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Prehistoric rough outlines of bifaces from the Mount Royal quarry site quarry Royal the Mount from bifaces outlines of rough Prehistoric

4 Recent discoveries (a prehistoric quarry in Mount Royal Park, for instance), along Park, instance), for quarry in Mount Royal (a prehistoric discoveries Recent of on the slopes unearthed graves prehistoric including the many with older ones uenced the landscape has infl how show in the 19th and 20th centuries, Mount Royal from as distinct thousand the past years, the Mountain has been used over the way plain. the Montréal of the rest cant the signifi discoveries, archaeological these of the indisputable interest Despite largely remains Mount Royal of potential archaeological and historic prehistoric to measures of limiting the scope thereby date, to and unexplored undocumented – resources. fragile – and hence invisible these and enhance protect , but since then , but since veyed identifi ed the Mountain as an identifi Master Plan Mount Royal enhancement plan Archaeological sites and Native graves sur graves and Native sites Archaeological See Appendix 2 - Archaeology 4 Archaeology addressed not heritage was archaeological The Mountain’s in the 1992 complexes, landscaping, works of art and commemorative monuments. monuments. art and commemorative of landscaping, works complexes, adds ensemble that and varied a distinctive form to combine environment the built and landscaped of components different These landscape. the Montréal of le as part profi characteristic the Mountain’s to cial landscaping, which including artifi components, different these applicable to schemes the protection at This section looks As far back as can be traced in recorded history, Mount Royal has played an exceptional role. It has been viewed as a symbolic as a symbolic viewed It has been role. an exceptional has played Royal Mount history, in recorded traced back as can be As far 2.1.1.3 landscaped environments Built and key to Montréal’s identity, as well as a place to rest or relax away from the city, and a prestigious location. All roles location. these and a prestigious city, the from away or relax rest to as a place as well identity, Montréal’s to key u infl features Its exceptional prehistory. since purposes different of a series and used for occupied the Mountain being led to and buri institutional residential, of remains, archaeological from as can be seen today the establishment,and character, form is landscapes complex more to while its contribution initiatives, planned from aspect resulting as a separate here considered on landscapes. in subsection 2.1.1.1, discussed the city’s 2004 the city’s area of archaeological interest with strong potential, and its potential, with strong interest archaeological of area cally mentioned in the specifi was value archaeological great and Natural Historic the Mount Royal establishing decree District. work research archaeological of a variety 1992, Since has been carried out on Mount Royal, and digs) (inventories Park. Mance and Jeanne Park in Mount Royal particularly W.W. Ogilvie’s residence, “Rosemount,” “Rosemount,” residence, Ogilvie’s W.W. demolished) 1894 (since Rue McGregor, W M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 31

; ed; ong ture ture also fi rstly rstly fi lowed lowed . Cultural Property Act 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AND AIMS 2. ISSUES, Postcard showing the McTavish reservoir before it was covered with a concrete slab with a concrete covered it was before reservoir the McTavish showing Postcard in 1947. . These decisions led to the gradual introduction of processes, rules and criteria and criteria rules processes, of introduction the gradual decisions led to . These include general guidelines on the quality and integration of new construction, construction, new of on the quality and integration guidelines include general (1843- Master Plans Complementary Document ed: McGill University and its Master Plan Beyond these specifi c elements, a number of surveys conducted in the 1970s and 1980s pointed to the importance of Mount of the importance to in the 1970s and 1980s pointed conducted surveys a number of c elements, specifi these Beyond architec traditional of listing Urban Community’s ed in the Montréal identifi buildings were of built heritage: hundreds Royal’s conducted studies sectoral Numerous and the city. culturelles Affaires des the Ministère by prepared and in the macro-inventory and protecting of this built heritage and the importance the superb quality of highlighted have decades three the past over enhancing it. fol heritage site, the Mount Royal in 1987 of creation the city’s to contributed studies these to thanks acquired The knowledge by the adoption of the 1992 and 2004 of adoption the by Up to the mid-19th century, there were only a were there century, the mid-19th Up to using it for on the Mountain, landowners handful of There and recreation. properties vacation agriculture, including those days, from remnants still a few are Bonen Smith House (1858), which houses the Hosea de la montagne organization. amis Les reservoir the McTavish of the construction It was development launched residential that (1852-1856) the Mountain, in the “Golden on the south slope of health and educational Religious, Mile.” Square institutions soon follow Built environment with its impact on the character of the Mountain, means that today people are questioning not only the quality of projects but only the quality of not questioning people are today that the Mountain, means of with its impact on the character making it possible to evaluate the quality of proposed construction, expansion, alteration and other projects on Mount Royal – on Mount Royal projects and other alteration expansion, construction, proposed the quality of evaluate to making it possible by municipal authorities and then, since the decree adopted by Cabinet in 2005 to create the Mount Royal Historic and Natural and Natural Historic the Mount Royal create in 2005 to Cabinet by adopted the decree then, since and authorities municipal by al in construction, The increase féminine. de la Condition et Communications des de la Culture, ministère District, Quebec’s by buildings. new accommodate capacity to the Mountain’s The another. to one borough from vary urban planning by-laws buildings on the Mountain. of the longevity threatens speaking, maintenance generally the lack of Lastly, but do not provide strict criteria governing the built environment, in terms of authorized heights and building coverage ratios heights and building coverage the built environment, authorized of in terms governing criteria strict provide but do not have been classifi ed or recognized by the Quebec government under the Quebec government the by ed or recognized been classifi have seven national historic sites have been designated by the federal government and two historic sites and fi ve historic monuments historic ve and fi sites historic and two government the federal by been designated have sites historic national seven 1872), the Grand Séminaire (1854-1857), Hôtel-Dieu Hôtel-Dieu (1854-1857), Séminaire 1872), the Grand (1868-1871), de Montréal the Collège (1858-1860), Victoria Notre-Dame (1881) and the Royal Collège Hospital (1893). the and in 1922, started Mount Royal, of Oratory Saint with in particular Joseph’s the north slope a bit later, came to Development with the expansion the years, densely over and more more developed gradually was The area (1928-1943). de Montréal Université neighbourhoods. of and hospitals and the consolidation the universities of cially recogniz been offi have its components A number of built heritage. a rich and varied boasts thus territory The Mountain’s B UILT HERITAGE

The map opposite illustrates some examples of the built heritage of the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District, in particular those that have received offi cial recognition, and municipal properties of heritage interest.

E XAMPLES OF THE BUILT HERITAGE OF THE MOUNT ROYAL HISTORIC AND NATURAL DISTRICT

NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES OF CANADA MUNICIPAL PROPERTIES OF HERITAGE INTEREST

1 Marlborough Apartments 14 Côte-des-Neiges public works yard 570, rue Milton 4180, chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges

2 Mount Royal Cemetery 15 Fire department alarm headquarters

3 Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery 4040, avenue du Parc

4 Saint Joseph’s Oratory of Mount Royal 16 Mount Royal Chalet

5 Hersey Pavilion (Royal Victoria Hospital) 1196, voie Camillien-Houde

687, avenue des Pins Ouest 17 Mount Royal Cross

6 H. Vincent Meredith Residence 1100, voie Camillien-Houde

1110, avenue des Pins Ouest 18 Mount Royal Park stable and shed

7 Trafalgar Lodge 4040, avenue du Parc

3021-3025, avenue Trafalgar 19 Mount Royal Park bandshell 4060, avenue du Parc HISTORIC SITES AND MONUMENTS RECOGNIZED BY THE Q UEBEC GOVERNMENT 20 Hosea Bonen Smith House UNDER THE CULTURAL PROPERTY ACT 1260, chemin Remembrance 8 John Wilson McConnell house classifi ed historic site 21 Beaver Lake pavilion 1475, avenue des Pins Ouest 2000, chemin Remembrance 9 Trafalgar-Gleneagles block recognized historic site 22 Côte-des-Neiges Pumping Station Classifi ed historic monuments: 4160, chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges 23 McTavish Pumping Station 10 Charles G. Greenshields house 815-855, avenue du Docteur-Penfi eld 1515, avenue du Docteur-Penfi eld 24 Jeanne Mance Park restroom pavilion 11 Ernest Cormier house 325, avenue Duluth Ouest 1418, avenue des Pins Ouest

12 Jarry-Dit-Henrichon house 5085, rue Decelles

LAN 8 John Wilson McConnell house P 1475, avenue des Pins Ouest

13 Joseph Aldéric Raymond house 1507, avenue du Docteur-Penfi eld NHANCEMENT E AND

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Built heritage X 32 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 34 Built heritage opposite ed in the list es a number of examples of the of examples es a number of 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan and Enhancement Protection Mount Royal and monuments identifi Sites # While the map identifi and Natural Historic the Mount Royal built heritage of list.District, an exhaustive this is not Mars 2009 aimed at limiting the coverage ratios and heights of of and heights ratios the coverage limiting aimed at Master Plan to the to Complementary Document Allowable size and density in 2007 size Allowable major certain for Planned approach complexes institutional buildings. buildings. existing of condition the of District.Natural EASURES

M 1. in the rules Introduce 2. District, and Natural inventory based on an Historic the Mount Royal for subsidies using available for a strategy Establish 3. maintenance. proper of the importance of people aware make to a program Develop 4. and Historic the Mount Royal of and built environment about the history build awareness to Website a dedicated Create

P E P R M LAN NHANCEMENT AND ROTECTION OYAL OUNT 36

M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 35

in ed 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Planned approach and density in 2007 size Allowable PPROACH and properly shared as a way of ensuring that everyone fully understands its wealth and helps protect it. protect and helps fully its wealth understands everyone ensuring that of as a way shared and properly strictly in keeping with the existing built environment. in keeping with the existing strictly the heritage of with the protection their growth reconcile is to planned approach the the major complexes, institutional As for objectives the main District. be one of must and Natural This focus Historic the Mount Royal of and their properties of values their development. joint planning for heritage. the built protecting to as a key be emphasized must maintenance rule, As a general complet compiled, should be District and Natural Historic built heritage in the Mount Royal the regarding information Moreover, The planned approach starts with developing and applying the concept of the Mountain’s “limited capacity” to accommodate new new accommodate capacity” to “limited the Mountain’s of the concept and applying with developing starts approach The planned are plans and by-laws urban by and heights authorized ratios the building coverage that ensure to It is important construction. A M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 37 f

its 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Tomlinson Square, McGill University Square, Tomlinson integrate an assessment of the value and condition of existing landscaping into preliminary studies for property property for studies preliminary landscaping into existing of and condition the value of an assessment integrate or redevelopment. development

- particular the identifi cation of signifi cant or vulnerable components (trees, woods, structures, walls or other built elements) or other walls structures, woods, (trees, components cant or vulnerable signifi of cation the identifi particular and the measures necessary for their protection. their protection. for necessary and the measures EASURES PPROACH M 1. District, and Natural including in Historic Royal the landscaping in the Mount of and assessment an inventory Conduct 2. this inventory: of the completion Pending 3. landscaping. for programs nancial assistance fi Expand A of recognition all of for rst calls District fi and Natural Historic the Mount Royal and enhancing the landscaping of Protecting importance, in particular Mount Royal Park itself as one of Olmsted’s masterpieces, and its contribution to the overall value o value the overall to and its contribution masterpieces, Olmsted’s of itself as one Park Mount Royal in particular importance, measures the appropriate landscaping, develop so as to is needed on existing documentation Next, comprehensive Mount Royal. and enhancing it. protecting for Landscaping is the result of combined efforts by humans and nature, where such components as vegetation, topography, paths, paths, topography, as vegetation, such components where and nature, humans by efforts combined of is the result Landscaping purposes. c specifi meet to arranged are and structures furniture uses, the (e.g. on a design be based Landscaping may Gage Frederick by garden, Oratory Saint Joseph’s and the evolution of or simply the outcome Todd) Park). Mance (Jeanne years the over a site use of the interest heritage components, As with other measured are components landscaped of and value criteria. using recognized properties different of The landscaped components as documented as well not on the Mountain are known, well not and are the built components Park. This Mount Royal especiallyof those outside such of the disappearance to in part has contributed poplars along of as the row cant features signifi decline in and an overall Chemin Remembrance, and sites various the landscaping for the quality of complexes. Landscaping Works of art and commemorative monuments

Mount Royal is home to the largest concentration of works of art and commemorative monuments in Montréal. These sculptures, monuments, busts and contemporary pieces, located mainly in its cemeteries and institutions and in Mount Royal Park, refl ect our history and values. They inspire relaxation and contemplation, and help to shape our environment.

The nature, size and condition of this body of work are not fully known, and indeed the same applies to the related conservation and enhancement issues.

A PPROACH

The planned approach is in line with the goals set in 1989 in the city’s public art action plan and in its 1992 Mount Royal enhancement plan. On the one hand, it involves completing the inventory of works of art and commemorative monuments in the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District, and on the other hand, preparing an action plan for protecting and enhancing them, in co-operation with the various stakeholders. Detail of a sculpture by Louis Parent for the stations of the cross at Saint Joseph’s Oratory of Mount Royal

M EASURES

1. Complete the inventories of works of art and commemorative monuments, including those in the cemeteries, specifying their condition and any threats to their integrity.

2. Draw up an action plan, in co-operation with the various stakeholders, starting with the identifi cation of priorities, then the necessary resources and means to be implemented to protect, maintain, restore and enhance works of art and commemorative monuments in the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District, with particular attention to: - necessary measures to take account of the specifi c features of works of art and commemorative monuments in the cemeteries; - the possibility of introducing incentives or by-laws to protect public art on private property; - principles and objectives to guide the installation of new works of art.

3. Update the parameters governing the integration of works of art on public property, in particular by ensuring that temporary LAN work in Mount Royal Park takes account of the Mountain’s natural and landscaped character. P NHANCEMENT E AND

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38 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 40 Major components Cemeteries 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Major complexes institutional Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan and Enhancement Protection Mount Royal Roads Parks neighbourhoods Residential March 2009 March

s ed 5. The Cragsfoot / Le Serpentin Le / 5. The Cragsfoot / La Fougeraie 6. Brackenfell 7. The Glades / La Clairière Sommet / Le 8. Upperfell recognized the value of this exceptional heritage and later modifi cations, and focused and focused cations, modifi heritage and later this exceptional of the value recognized 1. Côte Placide 1. Côte 2. Piedmont Rocheuse / La Pente 3. Underfell / L’Escarpement 4. The Crags Boundaries of Mount Royal Park superposed on Olmsted’s 1877 plan, showing eight topographical divisions: topographical eight 1877 plan, showing superposed on Olmsted’s Park Royal Mount Boundaries of Olmsted’s guiding idea was that of a long, slow rise, from the base to the top of the Mountain, through a series of a series of through the Mountain, of the top the base to from a long, of rise, that slow was guiding idea Olmsted’s landscapes. “natural” orchestrated artfully Mount Royal enhancement plan restoring natural habitats damaged by erosion and sedimentation caused by surface run-off, the large number of illicit number of the large run-off, surface caused by and sedimentation erosion damaged by habitats natural restoring of diversity and the declining ecological the undergrowth, through people trampling number of and the increasing paths the forest; the Park, through paths of and installing network signage; and the entire Olmsted Chemin and restoring redeveloping the Mountain itself; parts of other the Mountain and of from and sightlines views of the importance recognizing in a relatively the built, the time were of which at heritage, and enhancing components landscaped and artistic restoring abandoned state; and the parking lots; Camillien-Houde and Chemin Remembrance, Voie upgrading mountain biking because of prohibiting on the Mountain and, in particular, activities recreational low-impact consolidating environment. impact on the natural its negative • • • • • •

on conserving this park,on conserving heritage. its natural in particular this purpose: for initiatives a number of The plan proposed The 1992 Mount Royal Park Mount Royal he maintain principles ects the and refl Olmsted Law Frederick by designed cant parks signifi the most one of is Park Mount Royal i site the where community, serving the entire guiding idea, a strong in keeping with planning long-term his career: throughout art,and unique features. on its charm of work as a drawing and developed understood

P E P R M LAN NHANCEMENT AND ROTECTION OYAL OUNT 42

M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 41 tion aken e cities e cities those regulatory measures already in already measures those regulatory Master Plan 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Although Mount Royal Park, one of designer Frederick Law Park, Law Frederick designer one of Although Mount Royal closely associated is the park most masterpieces, Olmsted’s District and Natural Historic with the Mountain, the Mount Royal as well Mance, Summit and Jeanne parks, large other two includes smaller parks. as a half dozen public park will be added on the a new spaces, these In addition to summit, or Outremont the Mountain, on the third, north slope of Cemetery the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges belonging to on property de Montréal. and the Université made and specify the contribution acknowledge It is important to and landscape of the ecology to spaces green these of each by for measures necessary, where identify, and to Mount Royal, and enhancing them. protecting municipal actions with respect to public property and parks; public property to respect municipal actions with measures; regulatory of introduction the Mount Royal establishing to a view with cally partners, with institutional specifi and more with partners, co-operation Heritage Pact. Major components • • •

effect, resulting from joint planning by the city and certain institutions. city and certain the by joint planning from effect, resulting W of Montréal and Westmount, occupying close to one-third of the district, the of is t which 28% – of one-third the major properties to close institutional occupying and Westmount, Montréal of In addi 17%. the remaining covering the District, half of about neighbourhoods, and residential – representing cemeteries up by 2.1.2.1 Parks The territory of the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District is divided into three major functions: the parks belonging to th to belonging majorfunctions: the parks three is divided into District and Natural Historic Royal the Mount of The territory 2.1.2 schemes and enhancement protection Applying the them, which is also municipal property. serving network is the road there major these sectors to actions: kinds of on three based largely and are major these functions, of each to apply differently schemes The protection in the entrench to will schemes make it possible the protective Establishing B DJCIGDN6AEGDI:8I>DC 6C9:C=6C8:B:CIEA6C )) h^cXZi]Z&..'EaVc EZYZhig^VcXgdhhlVa`YZkZadeZYdgje\gVYZY i]Z8gdhhgZhidgZY VgZVVgdjcYi]ZeVk^a^dcje\gVYZY lViZgbVcV\ZbZci!eaVcih!eVi]h ldg`dci]ZEVgXÄE^ch^ciZgX]Vc\Z ^c'%%-"'%%.  HZXidgje\gVYZYl^i]bV_dgldg`  BdjciGdnVaEVg`eZg^bZiZg  HZXidgje\gVYZYl^i]bV_dgldg`[daadl^c\  6Y_VXZcieVg`  8]Zb^cDabhiZYgZhidgZY  8gV\heVi]YZkZadeZY  8]Zb^cDabhiZYZmiZcYZY '#>HHJ:H!6>BH6C9>C>I>6I>K:H  BV^chiV^gXVhZje\gVYZY BVgX]'%%.  7g^Y\ZgZhidgZY  Add`djigZhidgZY  K^Zled^ciWj^ai  7j^aY^c\gZhidgZY  BdcjbZcigZhidgZY HigjXijgZVcYa^\]i^c\d[  GZ[g^\ZgViZYh`Vi^c\g^c`XgZViZYVcY  HZXidgl]ZgZbV_dgldg`^hidWZYdcZ BdjciGdnVaEgdiZXi^dcVcY:c]VcXZbZciEaVc BV^cVX]^ZkZbZcih^cBdjciGdnVaEVg` me that has not has not that Mount Royal enhancement plan Parking lot for the Smith House sector for lot Parking an intervention and monitoring program to eradicate invasive plants; invasive eradicate to program and monitoring an intervention plant and animal species; endangered protecting for program and monitoring an intervention trees; prominent of an inventory network; the path for program and monitoring an intervention restoring the Park entrances; the Park restoring upgrading the parking lots, so as to add more greenery and enhance the surrounding landscapes; the surrounding and enhance greenery add more so as to the parking lots, upgrading planning and carrying out work to update directional and information signage, particularly at the Park entrances; the Park at particularly signage, and information directional update to planning and carrying out work restoring Park furniture. Park restoring the management of its landscape components and lookout points; its landscape components the management of its ecological management,its ecological including: and safety. security • • • •

------been completed to date, incorporating knowledge acquired in recent decades regarding Olmsted’s heritage. Olmsted’s regarding decades in recent acquired knowledge incorporating date, to been completed cant landscape signifi of should take account studies Preliminary sectors. Lake and Smith House) and the Brackenfell and built and and biodiversity, habitats natural run-off management, and restoring views, protecting components, landscaped heritage components. on: work Natural District.Natural EASURES PPROACH

M 1. ed in the 1992 identifi the work plan including an implementation Prepare 2. (including Beaver with the Glades starting Olmsted, ned by the landscape units defi plans for intervention sector Prepare 3. begin or continue to possible making it vocabulary and consistent ensuring coherence at aimed principles design Formulate 4. and Historic in the Mount Royal managing biodiversity and to Park Mount Royal to a management unit dedicated Create 5. on: focusing its heritage values, management plan integrating a Park Prepare

A since deterioration correct done a decade ago and the work consolidate to the Park parts of in some required actions are New in the sa continue plan and to ed in the 1992 identifi work the development completing to priority give to then. It is important and quality. with the same concern vein these It is important that understood. better now are the Park of concept behind the the principles and intentions Olmsted’s vision a common in creating and its management, the Park account plans for taken into and be development inspire to continue the Park. of in the future involved stakeholders the many by shared

P E P R M LAN NHANCEMENT AND ROTECTION OYAL OUNT 46

M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 45 have been carried out. been have Master plan for the Summit and Crags and is causing more and more damage to the 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, ath along the Crags along the ath however, however, P Renovated Beaver Lake pavilion pavilion Lake Beaver Renovated Mount Royal enhancement plan was drawn up; the natural habitats in these sectors were fully restored; fully restored; were sectors in these habitats up; the natural drawn was underbrush. sectors Low-impact recreational activities have been encouraged and delimited by zoning different sectors of the Park to refl ect refl to the Park of sectors different zoning by and delimited been encouraged have activities recreational Low-impact Mountain biking has not been banned, fragility. their ecological The Beaver Lake pavilion was fully renovated, fully renovated, was Lake pavilion The Beaver in its art incorporated of including the work exterior; Chalet, and staircase its decks the Mount Royal restored; were completed was work restoration phase of rst the fi a Park into converted now on the Smith House, centre; reception was and its lighting system restored was the Cross modernized; the Sir George-Étienne Cartier monument was several of along with the bases restored, entirely Sculpture the 1964 International from pieces Symposium. A path was created along the Crags, linking a number of of linking a number along the Crags, created was A path small lookouts; restored; completely and the Camillien lookout esplanade were Houde lookout the Kondiaronk sector. the Summit north slope of on the created points were lookout new The network of pa of The network restored; was Park the aspect of the main remaining Chemin Olmsted, paving with granite bordered original plan, is now designer’s restored; it has been of and two-thirds stones the Trafalgar such as those at main staircases, the of most been rebuilt; have sector, and Crags entrance and the Camillien-Houde and Chemin Remembrance Voie has work been landscaped; that have to were parking lots been done. not The problem of surface run-off called for priority treatment of higher areas, so a areas, higher of run-off treatment priority called for surface of The problem the principles established for work in the Summit and Crags sectors were used to guide the same kind of actions for natural natural guide the same actions for kind of to used were sectors in the Summit and Crags work for established the principles Placide sectors; in the Piedmont and Côte habitats the slope section of and the Outremont sector access the Peel sector, taken in the Brackenfell were cant initiatives no signifi in this connection. Piedmont sector RESULTS

• • • • • • • • • • • • the parts of and eastern ths in the central • • • • HE Main achievements in Mount Royal Park since the 1992 Plan since Park Royal in Mount Main achievements W All in all, just over half of the actions called for in the 1992 the actions called half of for All in all, over just Activities and services Built and artistic heritage Built and artistic Views and landscapes Views Vehicle and pedestrian traffic Vehicle Natural habitats Natural T M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 47 e ing 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, establishing a legal framework; establishing etc.); geotechnical, archaeological, (heritage, studies preliminary conducting name the park. to ideas a call for and issuing and landscaping plans, programming preparing

- - - EASURE PPROACH M de and the Université Cemetery summit in partnership with the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges a park on the Outremont Create by: Montréal, the Mountain. on the Mountain property on private reserve biodiversity the largest protect to park should make it possible this new Creating the north slope mor It should also make this part of foothills. the Laurentian to northward and views landscapes enhance and to A A new 23-hectare park will be created on Mount Royal’s third summit, the Outremont one, by combining properties and resources and resources properties combining summit, by third one, the Outremont on Mount Royal’s park will be created 23-hectare A new and the Quebec government. the city de Montréal, the Université Cemetery, the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges of and enhanc on protecting the guidelines practice put into to about the desire volumes speaks cant initiative This highly signifi accessible, given its location just up from the Édouard-Montpetit metro station. metro the Édouard-Montpetit up from just its location given accessible, Outremont summit park summit Outremont Summit Park

With its urban forest and bird sanctuary, Summit Park is sometimes thought of as a nature reserve. The land was acquired by Westmount in 1940, on the condition that it remain a wildlife and bird sanctuary.

Major upgrading work was done in the early 1990s on the natural habitat in the Park. In addition to the lookout located on the south side of the road around the Park, a footpath along the north side of the road offers superb views of the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery and toward the north shore of the Island.

The Park will be expanded once two lots recently acquired alongside Chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges, at Chemin Remembrance, have been naturalized. This will also improve the visual and ecological continuity between the Westmount Summit and Mount Royal Park.

A PPROACH

The planned approach involves maintaining the Park’s current status and conservation role. The most important consideration is to ensure that the Park’s natural habitat is protected and to consolidate walking and birdwatching activities there.

M EASURES

1. Continue the ecological management of the area, trim the trees along the paths as a safety measure and maintain the paths regularly.

2. Landscape and naturalize any new land acquired, to make it compatible with the site as a whole. LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

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48 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 49 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Jeanne Mance pavilion Mance Jeanne the landscape. improve More recently, the redevelopment of the Parc–Pins interchange interchange the Parc–Pins of the redevelopment recently, More the to next the Park the southern part of to expanse a large restored paths and bicycle Foot Hospitallers SaintReligious of Joseph property. and landscaping alongside streets planted were trees added, were done. was Jeanne Mance Park is an integral part of Mount Royal, serving as the “parvis” at the foot of the east slope of the Mountain. slope of the east of the foot serving as the “parvis” at Mount Royal, part of is an integral Park Mance Jeanne Park, make up a remarkable two the and together Mount Royal of is a continuation it and landscape terms In topographical of role the important underscore characteristics the Mountain. These of the public perception adds to landscape ensemble that the around and the wall and l’Esplanade avenues buildings along Mont-Royal bounded by expanse this green the landscape of Hospitallers SaintReligious of Joseph property. Montrealers for site recreation is an important outdoor The Park and Ville-Marie those in the Plateau-Mont-Royal and particularly In used sports facilities. heavily of it has a wide variety boroughs; and a partially been upgraded have facilities these decade, the past has been built, pavilion but little has been service below-ground done to Jeanne Mance Park Mance Jeanne A PPROACH

Efforts to enhance Jeanne Mance Park and protect its features of interest must start with an exercise that takes account of its relationship with Mount Royal Park.

In particular, the planned approach involves: • adding access points to the Park at various intersections and an effi cient network of paths linking its different parts; • enhancing the Park’s landscaped components and features and the most popular views for people walking through the Park; • striking a balance between sports, recreational activities and relaxation and one-time events.

M EASURE

Adopt a master plan for Jeanne Mance Park.

Other parks

Aside from the three large parks mentioned above, a number of other parks, large squares and green spaces also contribute to the unique character of the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District.

These include Thérèse Casgrain and Percy Walters parks, adjacent to Mount Royal Park. They are fairly natural in appearance and act as an extension of Mount Royal Park to the more built-up areas to the south. Others, such as Jean Brillant Park and Place du 6-Décembre-1989, which are largely paved and more utilitarian in appearance, have become part of the urban fabric in their neighbourhoods.

In addition, there are green spaces covering the Vincent D’Indy and McTavish reservoirs, the latter located in Rutherford Park. The presence of these underground infrastructures limits access to these spaces and has led to a very different kind of layout, by creating vast fl at grassy expanses surrounded by abundant greenery.

A PPROACH

Despite their wide variety and sometimes small size, it is important that these green spaces contribute to the overall Mountain landscape, and that they be developed according to the same principles that apply to Mount Royal Park itself. LAN

P M EASURE

Conduct a study of these parks so as to: - specify their character, role and contribution to the Mountain’s overall landscape; NHANCEMENT - determine criteria for their use, design and maintenance. E AND

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50 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 51 oyal oyal 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, called for joint planning with these institutions, to establish establish to institutions, joint planning with these called for The wave of development in recent years, especially on the years, in recent development of The wave about some doubt raises institutions, educational of properties that construction new accommodate to sites these of the capacity heritage components. their respects either because they the Mountain, willSome institutions be leaving Those buildings no longer needed. or are elsewhere moving are or functions, new used for up and perhaps then be freed could their potential. exploit better divided up to even institutions, the hospitals and educational such as some of Others, new meet to their services expand to forced nd themselves fi clients’ growing their to and respond challenges in their missions needs. Mount Royal enhancement plan and the Former Séminaire de philosophie Séminaire Former Master Plan development agreements based on the development plans drawn up by the institutions and submitted for public consultation. public consultation. for and submitted the institutions up by plans drawn based on the development agreements development Mount R of Oratory on the Mountain and Saint Joseph’s located such as the universities institutions that in this context It was their territories. to applying c by-laws specifi and the city adopted plans their development ended up discussing 2.1.2.2 Major complexes institutional Moreover, many of the institutions located on Mount Royal are publicly funded. The government departments involved have a have departments involved government publicly funded. The are on Mount Royal located the institutions of many Moreover, their buildings. maintain on their ability to uence infl direct the In 1992, A PPROACH

A twofold approach is planned for the institutions in the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District: • acknowledge and entrench measures found in specifi c by-laws applying to the institutions that have already carried out joint planning exercises that make it possible to implement the protection schemes; • as part of the Mount Royal Heritage Pact, conduct a joint planning exercise with the other institutions, with a view to contracts or by-laws, as applicable, in the longer term.

Many institutional properties boast features of exceptional quality. They play a major role in the visual signature of these institutions and the Mountain itself, and must be preserved. It is also important to preserve the quality of the original campus grounds, which have a marked impact on the landscape in their sectors and the Mountain as a whole. On the other hand, measures to enhance these properties should also aim to reduce the amount of space devoted to parking.

Lastly, locations with excellent views from and of the Mountain should be identifi ed and their owners encouraged to fully exploit this potential, if possible by

Proposed work on the parterre outside the entrance to Saint Joseph’s Oratory of making these points accessible to the public. Mount Royal is consistent with the planned approach (picture on the right).

M EASURES

1. For institutions that have already prepared joint plans: - include in the Complementary Document to the Master Plan those existing regulatory provisions that contribute to meeting the objectives of the protection and enhancement schemes (consolidating biodiversity, adding to biomass and enhancing landscapes, built and landscaped components, works of art and views); - renew the joint planning exercise when the resulting contractual agreements expire or when new development plans are drafted, with attention to all the components covered by the protection and enhancement schemes.

2. For other institutions: - conduct joint planning exercises, if applicable, with attention to all the components covered by the protection and enhancement schemes;

LAN - pending these agreements, include in the Complementary Document to the Master Plan provisions limiting development

P on institutional properties to work required to bring buildings up to current standards. NHANCEMENT E AND

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52 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 53 Protecting the rich collections of funerary art in the funerary of the rich collections Protecting burial and of forms new and integrating cemeteries Mount Royal’s for with respect commemoration, daunting challenges. are landscape, 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, r, to meet the goals set. r, , howeve cant components are being lost. are components cant Of all the institutions on the Of all on the institutions the have the cemeteries Mountain, derived value unique heritage use their enduring as much from c landscapes. their specifi as from the Notre-Dame-In addition to and Mount Royal des-Neiges smaller two are there cemeteries, on the Mountain: cemeteries and Shaar Shaerith Israel Hashomayim. on the their location Given Mountain, their huge expanses, and the areas wooded their vast growing plant life of diversity central are the cemeteries there, the plan for conservation the to and its Green Cemetery Notre-Dame-des-Neiges for the planning exercise from habitat. resulting natural The agreement and preserve biodiversity to contribute to the institution by proposed the measures detailing in 2008, Plan announced plan. It will all take the support of the in carrying out this conservation valuable proving already are heritage landscapes, property owners Cemeteries Commemorative monuments are suffering damage and some of their their damage and some of suffering are monuments Commemorative signifi A PPROACH

The planned approach for the major institutional complexes applies to the cemeteries as well. However, it is important to ensure that evolving styles of gravestones and forms of commemoration take account of the unique natural and landscape components of these areas.

More thought must be given to the question of funerary monuments, their protection and conservation.

M EASURES

In addition to the measures recommended for the major institutional complexes:

1. Implement the conservation and enhancement measures for the Saint-Jean-Baptiste woods, as stipulated in the development agreement with the Fabrique de la paroisse Notre-Dame de Montréal for the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery.

2. Support and contribute to heritage inventories for the cemeteries and grantees, and to the design of action plans for protecting, maintaining, restoring and enhancing heritage components, including a specifi c action plan for preserving metal and bronze art that is part of funerary monuments.

3. In co-operation with the cemeteries, encourage commemorative monuments that fi t in with the surrounding landscape, in both their form and materials, and that limit paving. LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

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54 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 55 s as the addition of laneway 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, es around the buildings, as well Avenue Ridgewood Avenue The residential sectors of the Mount Royal Historic and Natural and Natural Historic Mount Royal the of sectors The residential (detached, guration confi of types styles, of a variety boast District through evolved has and density that semi-detached or row) de subdivision and development. periods of On Avenue different the to dating triplexes row are there instance, for l’Esplanade, has apartment Ridgewood while Avenue the 20th century, turn of on the mountainside. recently buildings built more The gradual paving over of spac The gradual owever. owever. and parking lots, decks and swimming pools, and frequent resulting changes to the topography, have considerably reduced the reduced considerably have the topography, to changes resulting and frequent pools, and swimming decks and parking lots, drainage. excessive and dried out the soil because of in the area, and greenery vegetation amount of These sectors are an essentially fully developed territory where few signifi cant changes are made. The large number of minor of number The large made. are cant changes signifi few where territory fully an essentially developed are sectors These elements) is gradually architectural of replacement expansions, (alterations, the properties to and there made here changes h the landscape, transforming 2.1.2.3 Residential neighbourhoods Residential 2.1.2.3 Avenue de l’Esplanade Avenue A PPROACH

Given the characteristics of these neighbourhoods, the planned approach is to maintain the size, density and types of buildings in the existing neighbourhoods, and limit paving.

M EASURE

Include in the Complementary Document to the Master Plan: - measures to ensure that the coverage ratios and heights stipulated in by-laws correspond more closely to those of existing residential sectors; - measures to restrict construction in wooded areas of high ecological value and limit paving. LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

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56 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 57

ban Mount Royal oad network, under the 1992 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AND AIMS 2. ISSUES, At the intersection of Chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges and Avenue Cedar and Avenue Chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges of the intersection At omplishment with regard to the r called for the major peripheral roadways around Mount Royal to be redesigned, with the be redesigned, to Mount Royal around roadways major called the for peripheral teworthy acc At the intersection of Avenue du Parc and Avenue des Pins in 2003 (left) and in 2007, following the following and in 2007, des Pins in 2003 (left) and Avenue du Parc Avenue of the intersection At (right) the interchange demolition of , along with the rebuilding of part of Avenue du Parc (south of the Sir George-Étienne Cartier monument) and (south of du Parc Avenue part of of , along with the rebuilding change is the most no Mount Royal enhancement plan On Chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges where it meets Chemin it meets where On Chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges Remembrance The layout of the public thoroughfares around and across Mount Royal still resembles a series of highways, a legacy of a vision a legacy of highways, of a series still resembles Mount Royal and across around the public thoroughfares of The layout with contend who must and cyclists pedestrians of the detriment c – to traffi automobile and speed for ow fl sought maximum that and ur appearance and inconsistent surfaces paved In addition, with its extensive conditions. dangerous times and at uninviting landscape. icts with the Mountain’s confl network the road furniture, guring the on reconfi date done to the work been completed, yet neighbourhoods has not adjacent with Although the interface inter Parc–Pins goal of improving access to the Mountain for pedestrians and better integrating these roadways into the natural landscape. the natural into roadways these integrating and better pedestrians for the Mountain to access improving goal of a section of Avenue des Pins. des Avenue a section of The 1992 2.1.2.4 Road network Road 2.1.2.4 enhancement plan A PPROACH

The layout of the road network must strike a balance between its functional roles (local and through traffi c, access to neighbourhoods) and the enhancement of the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District. Consequently: • the paved portions should be narrowed to make more room for pedestrians and cyclists and allow them to safely appreciate the surroundings; • signage, landscaping, sidewalks, plants and urban furniture should complement and respect the Mountain’s heritage character and landscape components, in particular those of Mount Royal Park.

Avenue des Pins in 1953 and today: the same width, two contrasting results

Furthermore, Voie Camillien-Houde and Chemin Remembrance must be converted from a high-speed through road into a “park road” better suited to the natural surroundings, with better landscaping and an enhanced view northward from Voie Camillien- Houde. The new confi guration will emphasize pedestrians’ and cyclists’ needs, and reduce the focus on through traffi c, while taking account of the need for access by public transit and emergency and tourist vehicles, cemetery visitors and Park users.

M EASURES

1. Defi ne design principles for the roads, based in particular on their original design.

2. Establish a strategy for systematically incorporating enhancement initiatives in public works carried out under different programs, such as making intersections safer, upgrading sewer and water main infrastructures, and burying power lines.

3. Continue work on projects to improve the road network identifi ed in the 1992 Mount Royal enhancement plan, emphasizing

LAN three priorities: P - reconfi guring the Côte-des-Neiges–Remembrance interchange; - reconfi guring the Parc–Mont-Royal and Côte-Sainte-Catherine intersection; - reconfi guring the Côte-des-Neiges–Cedar intersection.

NHANCEMENT 4. Prepare a plan to upgrade Voie Camillien-Houde and Chemin Remembrance, in keeping with the integrated transportation E plan for Mount Royal. AND

5. Complete the Parc–Pins interchange project. ROTECTION P OYAL R OUNT M

58 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 59 ing The le to le to or public

5 was better access to the Mountain from the the Mountain from to access better was ements in existing access points; access ements in existing rov 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, McTavish staircase McTavish major imp ave led to addresses the Mountain’s accessibility from the viewpoints of public transit, public of the viewpoints from accessibility the Mountain’s addresses Mount Royal enhancement plan trian and bicycle access points; trian and bicycle access c–Pins interchange h or redesign existing pedes or redesign existing reduce the predominance of automobiles on the Mountain and give preference to public transit as a means of access to to access of as a means public transit to preference on the Mountain and give automobiles of the predominance reduce Park; Mount Royal new developing by in particular stations, and metro neighbourhoods adjacent from cient connections effi more develop the Mountain; surrounding immediately the areas points from access improve acting as a a ring road of means Mountain by serving the entire the network to c network traffi internal the Park’s connect the Mountain. crossing and a north-south road Chemin Olmsted, of extension sort of Pins des Avenue on the north side of building sidewalks has involved cient connections effi more of the development and building its staircase; Rue McTavish upgrading and Cedar, Peel between pedestrian and redesigning staircases, Drummond and Peel du Musée, the Redpath, upgrading slopes, on the south and east the recently, as the Sir George-Étienne more Cartier monument and, Pins up as far from du Parc on Avenue crosswalks landscaping of the new Par agreements have been reached regarding the addition regarding been reached have agreements Rue of the top point at access pedestrian a new of University; the fi of cation has been taken with the identifi south road Cemetery the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges through routes work with development de Montréal, and the Université 2007-2009; planned for to been made with regard has cant progress no signifi c, public transit traffi automobile of the predominance neighbouring metro the use of ridership and service, to slopes or opening the north and west stations and cyclists. pedestrians Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan • • • • • • • • and the north- in building the ring road step rst • 2007 7, December study, Impact Recherche The accomplishments to date can be summarized as follows: can be summarized date to The accomplishments One of the key recommendations of the 1992 of recommendations the key One of summits. its three Mountain, linking the entire covering c network traffi and vehicular and a pedestrian urban area surrounding actions in this regard: the following recommended plan essentially 5 transit. Cars, it is clear, are a very popular way of getting to Mount Royal Park, used. is much less transit and public Mount Royal to getting of popular way a very are transit. it is clear, Cars, relax, play and enjoy nature; as such it must be both accessible and welcoming. and accessible be both as such it must relax, enjoy and nature; play The 2.2.1 Accessibility bicycle on foot, car, or by means: of a variety by the Island, it can be reached of the heart in location the Mountain’s Given Aside from its role in defi ning Montréal’s image and identity and its practical functions, Mount Royal is also a place for peop for a place is also Mount Royal functions, practical and identity and its image ning Montréal’s defi in its role Aside from 2.2 place and welcoming MakingMountain an accessible the mak to With regard c on the Mountain itself. Park, traffi and also considers Mount Royal to and entrances parking and approaches it a more welcoming place, the Plan looks at the quality and variety of services and information available in Mount Royal Park. in Mount Royal available and information services of the quality and variety at the Plan looks place, welcoming it a more The Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan is intended to encourage and improve access to different parts of the Mountain – primarily to Mount Royal Park – by offering a variety of routes and means of getting around to all potential users, including those with reduced mobility, without compromising the integrity and maintenance of its natural habitats, its various heritage and landscape components, the primary role of its parks and the nature of the different spaces that make up the Mountain.

Public transit

There is public transit service on all the main roads around Mount Royal. In fact, there are reserved bus lanes on Chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges and Avenue du Parc, allowing users to reach the edges of the Mountain quickly from outlying neighbourhoods, and a bus route cuts across the heart of the Mountain.

Yet relatively few people use public transit, allegedly because of inconvenient transit routes and schedules, infrequent service, lack of information in the transit system on access to the Mountain and Mount Royal Park, and the lack of links or signage between bus stops and metro stations and access points to the Mountain.

Given the need for access to the attractions in the Historic and Natural District, and the regional role of Mount Royal Park, it should enjoy exceptional public transit service. In addition, the Mountain’s natural setting makes it the perfect place for adopting more environmentally friendly means of transportation, promoting physical fi tness. Moreover, wider use of public transit to reach the Mountain should logically lead to a reduction in automobile traffi c and parking on the Mountain and in the Park, and greater respect for the natural surroundings.

Parking

Cars remain the preferred means of transportation for visitors planning family, recreational or sports activities that require such cumbersome equipment as baby strollers, coolers, barbecues, toboggans or skis, as well as for reduced-mobility visitors. There must be parking available to accommodate them.

LAN The use of the parking lots in Mount Royal Park varies P with the seasons, in fact, and especially with the day of the week. The parking lots normally fi ll up on Sundays and holidays, but are largely empty on weekdays. On the other hand, it can easily be seen that the parking lots for NHANCEMENT some institutional properties on the Mountain are mostly E unused when the Park is busiest. AND

ROTECTION P OYAL R OUNT M

60 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 62 )

Accessibility transportation plan Main access point Main access be improved point to Main access be improved Entry point to (design, signage) entry point Potential be restored to Park Mount Royal Entry point to be improved to on institutional property on institutional Park Mount Royal park Adjacent 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan and Enhancement Protection Mount Royal March 2009 March be designed point to access New be improved signage to Directional neighbourhoods surrounding from Access corridors Main public transit (main routes) system Public transit (in the network path Bicycle Ring road Ring Parking ring and north-south roads Proposed parking lot existing use of Potential activity zone Park Mount Royal summits The three d ly, ly, rovement in rovement adopted in 2008 proposes a series a series in 2008 proposes adopted . and landscape components. These actions will be accompanied by a by actions will These be accompanied and landscape components. integrated transportation plan for Mount Royal improve access to Mount Royal from the areas around it, the areas in from as recommended Royal to Mount improve access , i.e. the development of the northern entrance from Avenue Vincent-D’Indy and the Vincent-D’Indy Avenue from entrance of the northern the development , i.e. called for a traffi c network that would ring and cross the Mountain. Work on developing on developing the Mountain. Work and cross ring that would c network called a traffi for integrated transportation plan for Mount Royal Mount Royal enhancement plan Mount Royal enhancement plan at the top of Avenue Vincent-D’Indy; of Avenue at the top at the top of Rue University leading to Mount Royal Park. Mount Royal to leading of Rue University at the top

- - EASURE EASURES PPROACH PPROACH

M and the north-south road. the ring road developing continue with institutions, agreements Through M the 1. Implement 2. tools. the Mountain with a map and other communication to of access means the available Publicize 3. points: pedestrian access new Create 4. sectors. and Outremont Côte-des-Neiges Cedar, in the Peel, entrances the Park restore to Carry out work

pedestrian entrance from Rue University. from pedestrian entrance A link the summits on the Mountain and its points of interest, designed to on the network working continue It is important to in that regard. involvement and support institutional encourage and to A an and complementary all transit, – public inseparable – are and approaches parking Royal Mount to of access facets The various 2.2.1.1 on the Mountain traffic Internal The 1992 must be addressed with an overall strategy. Reducing the amount of parking in the Park, even coupled with the possible use of the possible with Park, of parking in the Reducing the amount coupled even strategy. an overall with must be addressed cant imp a signifi This in turn calls for service. public transit better without work is unlikely to parking lots, institutional the design and signage of the different routes leading to the Mountain. All these measures must be accompanied by a strategy a strategy by must be accompanied the Mountain. All these measures to leading routes of the different the design and signage the Mountain. to of access means of the different awareness increasing for the facets, Based of these various on an analysis that network began with the extension of Chemin Olmsted, conducted as part of work on the Parc–Pins interchange. interchange. on the Parc–Pins as part of work conducted of Chemin Olmsted, began with the extension that network of projects and measures designed to upgrade access to Mount Royal, give the Park back to users and make all routes user-friend users and make all routes back to the Park give Royal, Mount to access upgrade designed to of projects and measures habitats its natural and inviting,safe without compromising the Mountain. of accessing means publicize to strategy work to go to completing priority must Lastly, the 1992

P E P R M LAN NHANCEMENT AND ROTECTION OYAL OUNT 64

M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 63 in. should be 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AND AIMS 2. ISSUES, valid today, but nothing has yet been done. Parking lots Parking done. been but nothing has yet today, valid Pedestrians have made themselves a sidewalk. made themselves have Pedestrians suggested that the overall issue of parking within the Park be re- Park of parking within the issue the overall that suggested guration of the Côte-des-Neiges – Remembrance interchange will will interchange Remembrance – the Côte-des-Neiges of guration The reconfi Park. Royal Mount to simplify access Mount Royal enhancement plan and the Mountain, especially from the two metro metro and the Mountain, especially the two from stations on the north slope; and Côte- the Outremont from is little access there neighbourhoods; des-Neiges the to routes lack of signage for is a general there and attractions, and its various parks Mountain’s the lack of signage instance them, as for between Vincent-D’Indy pedestrians from directing clearly though the Mountain is (even avenues and Peel are know people in the visible). Only a few clearly routes; practical with the existing familiar to of some entrances the lamentable condition Park, public the surrounding Mount Royal from streets. there is no specifi c route between metro stations metro between c route is no specifi there • • • • Accessibility integrated with respect for the goals of protecting and enhancing natural habitats and built and landscaped environments. environments. and built and landscaped habitats enhancing natural and the goals of protecting for with respect integrated evaluated, the number of spaces be reduced and drivers be offered other parking options – such as nearby institutional parking institutional parking such as nearby parking options – other be offered and drivers be reduced the number of spaces evaluated, lot. Hospital Victoria This goal is just as Royal including the lots, The attached map shows the approaches to the Mountain and entrances to Mount Royal Park and highlights the main obstacles and highlights Park Mount Royal to the Mountain and entrances to the approaches The attached map shows accessibility. optimal to The lack of signage and facilities helping users to identify helping users to facilities The lack of signage and the different between routes and convenient and use safe Mountain and its different the neighbourhoods around In particular: access. also restricts points of interest Although Mount Royal has been recognized as a key part of the urban fabric, its sometimes irregular topography, the layout and the layout topography, fabric, its sometimes irregular part of the urban as a key has been recognized Although Mount Royal the Mounta to it all bordering limit access properties private of vast it and the presence around the roads of some of features Approaches and access points and access Approaches Consequently, the 1992 the Consequently, W M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 65

es lacide 6 tion provided is the Beaver Lake pavilion. Its the Beaver that the informa however, however, in winter, there is also in winter, 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, are no guarantee, are no guarantee, owever;

7 These many sources These many sources cleanliness of grounds and buildings; grounds of cleanliness signage; paths; of maintenance ashes; cans for trash racks, bicycle picnic tables, – benches, in some sectors urban furniture of availability services; food quality of and parking rates. parking spots the number of some respondents, for Beaver Lake: a recreation and outdoor area for families; for area and outdoor Lake: a recreation Beaver area; Smith House: an educational and area; Chalet: a cultural Mount Royal place. and gathering Placide: a meeting Côte • • • • • • • • • • 2007 7, December study, Impact Recherche Idem Lastly, information on the Park is now offered by telephone and over the Internet by a number of organizations in addition to L to in addition organizations a number of by the Internet and over telephone by offered is now on the Park information Lastly, amis de la montagne, by means of Websites. of Websites. by means amis de la montagne, all accurate. 7 6 Ever since Mount Royal Park was created, it has been popular with Montrealers, regional day-trippers and tourists from farther farther from tourists and day-trippers regional popular with Montrealers, it has been created, was Park Mount Royal since Ever a year. 3.4 million visitors over are there that estimated 2006 study a year; enjoy it every to Manyeld. people come afi is the partnership and the Mountain the Park for cant asset A signifi amis de la montagne and Les in 1992 between struck agreement services reception establish to it possible which made the city, equipment rental information, offering users and visitors, for In 2006 the Smith House a gift shop and a café. to and access 21,500 permanent exhibition, its to visitors 55,000 welcomed a Through its gift shop. to 10,000 and over café its outdoor to and boost educate to it also works activities, of program varied people. especially young users, of the awareness important access is the most Lake axis The Smith House–Beaver the Park, (34% in spring,point to visitors 43% of 62% in used by the are use, of order in decreasing points, access The other winter). (23%; 32% Placide sector Camillien Houde lookout (25%), the Côte (9%). downtown in spring, and the one from 13% in winter) 2.2.2 Park Mount Royal in and services reception Visitor The study of the Mountain’s clientele was an opportunity for users to speak out about aspects of the Park that need that the Park out about aspects of speak users to an opportunity for was clientele the Mountain’s of The study improvement: The Smith House is the only reception facility open year round, h open year facility The Smith House is the only reception location in the centre of the Park means that it is far from a fair number of the main activity zones, in particular the Côte P the Côte in particular activity zones, the main number of a fair from it is far that means the Park of in the centre location sector, which is where most pedestrians and cyclists enter the Park. enter and cyclists pedestrians most which is where sector, activity zones: has four The Park A PPROACH

With the goal of offering better service for Park users and visitors, and to optimize their experience in the Park, the planned approach targets fi ve main areas: • park and facility maintenance; • improving visitor reception and information services; • consolidating the four activity zones, keeping the ecological fragility of the various sectors in mind; • enhancing visitor and user safety and security by more closely monitoring and controlling nighttime comings and goings in the Park; • install educational elements that respect the Park’s natural character, as a way of highlighting some of its attractions.

M EASURES

1. Draw up and implement a “maintenance – cleanliness” strategy based on public participation, mainly through awareness building and education.

2. Produce a more detailed diagnosis of the Park’s reception services, by examining the relevance and feasibility of adding a reception facility in the Côte Placide sector, and analyzing the performance of each of the activity zones in terms of reception and information, signage and facilities and furniture available for users, so as to identify issues and appropriate solutions to be suggested, or work required. Priority must be given to installing adequate signage.

3. Draw up a security plan and update the Park’s emergency response plan.

4. Identify educational initiatives that would make it possible to highlight various attractions in the Park, including the historic paintings in the Mount Royal Chalet, the sculptures from the 1964 International Symposium, Claude Vermette’s work on the Beaver Lake pavilion and other works of art, while ensuring that such initiatives are not too fl ashy and are in keeping with the site’s natural character.

5. Ensure that the different Websites and telephone information lines provide consistent, up-to-date information. LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

ROTECTION P OYAL R OUNT M

66 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 67 also mong . 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, depends on a number of factors. Sharing and publicizing its and publicizing Sharing factors. a number of depends on Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan There are three main categories of property owners on the Mountain: owners property of main categories three are There and religious health educational, and Westmount, Montréal of the cities property of forms various own They and homeowners. institutions, contribute etc.) that documents, landscapes, features, natural (buildings, wealth. the Mountain’s to ways in different this of importance the of aware not are owners property these Some of This results own. they what of the intrinsic value of or even contribution, part with negative actions on their or certain maintenance in a lack of consequences. Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan protection and enhancement schemes laid out in the schemes and enhancement protection and inform them of the approval criteria and processes to be respected, as applicable, for such work. for as applicable, be respected, to and processes criteria the approval them of and inform and monuments, graves historic (e.g. interest highlight their points of signage so as to to judicious approaches etc.). landscaped features, EASURES PPROACH M and the issues the related heritage components, 1. the Mountain’s of c nature about the specifi owners property Inform 2. their property to decisions about alterations guide them in making informed to advice expert more owners property Offer 3. the public. to accessible make it more to heritage property of owners Encourage and cient effi in developing cally the cemeteries, of 4. specifi and more properties, institutional Support managers of A and enhance conserve to the Mountain, toward act responsibly to owners property encouraging involves The planned approach and accessible. elements known make these them, and to belonging to features cant the signifi 2.3.1.1 Property owners 2.3.1.1 Property underlying vision and objectives, and fostering a sense of belonging regarding its various heritage components, in particular a in particular heritage components, its various regarding belonging a sense of and fostering vision and objectives, underlying It is this treasure. safeguarding to all essential Mountain, are visiting the and tourists students users and owners, property measures. and enhancement implement the planned protection to required nancial resources up with the fi come important to 2.3.1 building awareness publicizing and Promoting, The success of the of The success 2.3 Royal Mount and enhance protect to conditions the appropriate Creating 2.3.1.2 Users

The people who use Mount Royal are among the fi rst to benefi t from measures to protect and enhance it. However, they are not always well informed of the nature of the Mountain’s signifi cant components, the related issues and the efforts made to preserve its assets, despite the potential impact of some of their behaviour on the Mountain’s future.

A PPROACH Damage caused by mountain bikes

It is important that users be properly informed and made aware of Mount Royal’s assets so that they can truly contribute to their protection and enhancement.

M EASURES

1. Improve access to information on the Mountain’s signifi cant components, by means of different communication tools (folders, brochures, Website), including information on the Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan and its implementation.

2. Continue supporting partner institutions and associations, such as Les amis de la montagne, in their educational and information activities concerning Mount Royal, and support new initiatives in this regard.

3. Continue providing information aimed at discouraging behaviour with an adverse impact on the Mountain (e.g. mountain biking, feeding squirrels, pigeons and seagulls, collecting plants and venturing off the paths). LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

ROTECTION P OYAL R OUNT M

68 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 69 ves ools adapted ent communication t ent communication , through differ 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, to information on the Mountain’s signifi cant components signifi to information on the Mountain’s rove access rove access information activities for students, and support new initiatives in this regard. initiatives and support new students, for activities information heritage components. Mount Royal’s of make them aware to designed programs by reached students specifi cally to young people (folders, brochures, Website). brochures, people (folders, young cally to specifi EASURES PPROACH M 1. and in their educational amis de la montagne, such as Les and associations, supporting partner institutions Continue 2. elementary and secondary double the number of amis de la montagne, with Les in co-operation years, ve fi the next Over 3. Imp to help students appreciate the Mountain’s various heritage components. heritage various the Mountain’s appreciate students help to A initiati with the school network, ties and awareness strengthening carry out educational so as to involves The planned approach Education and awareness-building efforts must directly directly must efforts and awareness-building Education people will have young since users, school-age target and enhancing protecting for take responsibility to of This objective come. to in years Mount Royal and awareness knowledge people’s young boosting such as stakeholders, certain of the mission is part of their educational through de la montagne, amis Les activities. 2.3.1.3 Students 2.3.1.3 2.3.1.4 Tourists

Mount Royal is one of Montréal’s top tourist attractions, with Beaver Lake and the Kondiaronk and Camillien Houde lookouts especially popular points of interest.

Tourists represent 13% of Mount Royal Park users (4% from France, 3% from the United States, 3% from other Canadian provinces, and 3% from other countries) and most often get there from downtown.8

Park users are generally very satisfi ed, with an average satisfaction rate of 8.6 out of 10. This suggests that it should be promoted more effectively to tourists.9

A PPROACH

The planned approach is designed to make the Mountain fi gure more prominently in the city’s tourist attractions.

M EASURES

1. Continue developing tools for promoting Mount Royal and its heritage components to tourists, and make sure that the Mountain is properly represented, in particular in information distributed through tourist information centres.

2. Develop indicators to measure the number of tourists visiting Mount Royal Park. LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

ROTECTION P OYAL R

8 Impact Recherche study, December 7, 2007 OUNT 9

M Idem

70 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 71

ing and the Mount Royal Heritage Pact requires substantial substantial requires Heritage Pact Royal and the Mount 2. ISSUES, AIMS AND INITIATIVES AIMS 2. ISSUES, Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan program and the search for fi nancial partners to invest in protecting and enhancing Mount Royal. and enhancing Mount in protecting invest nancial partners to fi for and the search program Royal’s specifi c needs. c needs. specifi Royal’s plants. invasive eradicating by in particular biodiversity, EASURES PPROACH M 1. up on the investment and following producing montagne, amis de la with such partners as Les in co-operation Continue, 2. funding. of sources government Consolidate 3. Mount to nancial) appropriate legal or fi support (technical, of types funding and identify other of means existing Inventory 4. Implement a fi nancial partnership plan to support partner institutions in their efforts to consolidate the Mountain’s the Mountain’s consolidate to in their efforts support partner institutions nancial partnership plan to 4. Implement a fi investment, especially on the part of the various levels of government. Financial contributions by outside parties are a promis are outside parties by government. of contributions Financial levels investment, the various especially the part of on Plan and the Pact. the of the objectives meet to investment of pace acceptable maintaining an of means Given the renown and symbolic value of the Mountain, it is to be hoped that leading corporate citizens will make substantial citizens corporate leading be hoped that the Mountain, it is to of value and symbolic the renown Given help fund capital projects. to contributions Meeting the objectives of the of the objectives Meeting A 2.3.2 funding the necessary Securing LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

ROTECTION P OYAL R OUNT M

72 Implementing the Plan 3

There are four dimensions to implementing the Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan: expanding knowledge, establishing a management framework, carrying out the projects, and ensuring an ongoing role for the Table de concertation du Mont-Royal.

3.1 Expanding knowledge

Knowing about and understanding the Mountain’s various aspects, heritage components and sectors and their history is a prerequisite to taking well-informed and carefully considered action. In that connection, there is a rich and varied body of documentation concerning Mount Royal, one that continues to grow. Drawing up the Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan necessitated further studies, but it was also an opportunity to identify those areas in which documentation is lacking. In addition, the information on Mount Royal must be brought together, organized and made accessible.

S TUDIES AND INVENTORIES TO BE CARRIED OUT

1. Protecting and enhancing landscapes: - study of the landscape components of the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District.

2. Protecting and enhancing natural habitats: - geological study; - study of the history of the Monteregian Hills; - hydrological study; - complementary study of bird life; - study of reptile life in the cemeteries and of certain target species; - study of insect life to identify the families present and insect pests; - inventory of prominent trees; - study of vegetation in the cemeteries, leading to an action plan for invasive species (eradication and replacement).

3. Protecting and enhancing built and landscaped environments: - study of prehistoric and historic archaeological potential and inventory; - study documenting the condition of the built components of the Historic and Natural District; - inventory and assessment of landscaping; M

- inventories of works of art and commemorative monuments; OUNT - in co-operation with the cemeteries and grantees, inventories of the heritage components belonging to them. R

4. Enhancing accessibility: OYAL

- study of access to the Mountain and Mount Royal Park. P ROTECTION

AND E NHANCEMENT P LAN

73 3.2 Establishing a management framework

The territory of the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District falls under the jurisdiction of many parties: two cities, four boroughs and a number of government departments are all involved, often dealing with the same issues at the same time. Implementing the planned protection and enhancement measures will call for a co-ordinated approach on the part of municipal authorities and the use of common work tools. In the short term this has the advantage of simplifying procedures; in the longer term it could facilitate the eventual transfer of management authority between the ministère de la Culture, des Communications et de la Condition féminine and the cities, as stipulated in the addendum to the City Contract dealing with the transfer to the city of responsibility for managing the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District and the establishment of a specifi c budget for its conservation and enhancement.

Consequently, it is essential to establish a structure for co-ordinating efforts by the different parties, and to come up with a solid set of tools, including some original and innovative instruments.

3.2.1 The standing management co-ordination committee for the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District

The management framework to be established for the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District must be supported by a permanent co-ordination body.

The mandate of the committee, consisting of one representative of each of the four boroughs, a representative of the City of Westmount, and representatives of the central city departments concerned, including the Bureau du Mont-Royal (which will act as committee secretary), will be to ensure that the parts of their respective territories located within the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District are managed according to a framework founded on common and shared principles, leading to balanced, harmonized and co-ordinated by-laws, procedures and administrative rules.

Lastly, it will be responsible for reporting to the boroughs, the cities and the Table de concertation du Mont-Royal on the effectiveness of the management framework and for suggesting changes as necessary. LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

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74 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 75 eeds to ensure that that ensure to , but also joint planning,, but also . Section 88 of the Charter the Charter . Section 88 of Master Plan Master Plan Charter of Ville de Montréal to the to 3. IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN THE 3. IMPLEMENTING OCUMENT calls for a wide range of tools, instruments and procedures, and procedures, instruments tools, of range a wide calls for Master Plan D , then, is the most appropriate instrument for guaranteeing that that guaranteeing for instrument appropriate , then, is the most are refl ected in the urban planning by-laws applying to the Historic the Historic applying to the urban planning by-laws in ected refl are to the to Complementary Document is an instrument provided in the provided is an instrument OMPLEMENTARY C

Master Plan THE Complementary Document

TO

to the to must include a complementary document establishing the rules and criteria constituting minimal constituting and criteria the rules establishing document include a complementary must Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan Complementary Document Master Plan Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan AMENDMENTS

identify new views that should be protected and enhanced and add criteria; and enhanced should be protected that views identify new being obscured; risk of at views for c criteria specifi more introduce structures; rooftop mechanical equipment and other of the appearance to relating add provisions buildings and signs. the lighting of to relating provisions introduce plan zones; in the conservation and landscaping construction possible to relating provisions introduce plants; prohibited to relating provisions introduce yards. of limiting paving for add provisions buildings. or altered expanded new, of ratios the height and coverage limiting provisions introduce property the city and institutional between exercises joint planning from stemming measures regulatory entrench owners.

------Complementary Document ROPOSED P 1. and enhancing landscapes: Protecting 2. habitats: and enhancing natural Protecting 3. landscaped environments: and enhancing built and Protecting 4. Heritage Pact: Mount Royal including such traditional urban planning tools as the tools urban planning traditional including such guidelines for borough by-laws. The by-laws. borough for guidelines 3.2.2.1 The The Implementing the Implementing 3.2.2 Management tools Management3.2.2 borough urban planning by-laws are consistent with the municipal policies laid out in the with the municipal policies consistent are urban planning by-laws borough the that provides District.and Natural the goals of the the goals of fi nancial assistance programs and the development of different plans, programs and sector strategies tailored to the specifi c n the specifi to tailored strategies and sector programs plans, different of the development and programs nancial assistance fi Park. Mount Royal for management framework District, and Natural with a separate Historic Mount Royal the of 3.2.2.2 The Mount Royal Heritage Pact

Institutional properties cover most of the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District. Accordingly, it is essential that institutional property owners commit to protecting and enhancing the heritage components on their property.

In keeping with the policies set as far back as 1992 regarding institutions, the Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan recommends that these commitments be part of the joint planning exercises and then be translated into amendments to the Complementary Document to the Master Plan, or to the urban planning by-laws of the borough concerned, or contractual commitments, as applicable.

The main subjects of such commitments have been identifi ed10 and each of the institutional property owners has been informed. Together, all these commitments make up the Mount Royal Heritage Pact. The exercise will continue and the scope of the commitments may be expanded, to take account of all the heritage components involved, including access to the Mountain from these properties.

3.2.2.3 Financial assistance programs

Properties located in the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District are already eligible for fi nancial assistance under the Agreement on the cultural development of Montréal, and existing programs could be adjusted to support the achievement of the goals of the Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan.

S TRATEGY FOR USING SUBSIDIES IN THE MOUNT ROYAL HISTORIC AND NATURAL DISTRICT

Establish a strategy for using available subsidies, with the goal of targeting:

1. In the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District: - natural habitats; - the conservation and enhancement of buildings’ heritage features; - the most badly deteriorated built components; - landscaping; - removing visual irritants such as antennas.

2. Around the Historic and Natural District: - improving the appearance of mechanical equipment and other rooftop structures. LAN P NHANCEMENT E AND

ROTECTION P OYAL R OUNT M

10 Commitments proposed to institutions X 76 3. IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN

2 - Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf - Update the agreement with the city on protecting the Brébeuf woods - Assess the landscape value of the Brébeuf woods (E) Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan and of the green space around the College (H) 3 - Collège Notre-Dame (H)(H) - Protect and enhance significant buildings and buildings off ininterestteterest - Protect the front yard along Chemin 1 Commitments proposed to institutions Queen-Mary (I) 2 (E) - Protect the sunken garden (J) 1 - Université de Montréal in March 2007 - Assess the landscape value of the front yard - Protect the green ravine by cancelling planned construction (G) and the garden - Protect and enhance significant buildings of interest - Protect and enhance significant buildings - Assess the landscape value of the École Vincent-d’Indy grounds (F) and buildings of interest (G) 1 (F)

11 - Mount Royal Cemetery 3 - Protect the Saint Jean Baptiste woods (A), East woods (B) and Voie Camillien-Houde woods (C) (J) (I) - Protect the stream, places where it resurfaces and its banks chemin Queen-Mary - Protect natural habitats in the service/maintenance and entrance/administration sectors - Conduct work to promote ecological conservation and minimize loss of green space - Maintain the integrity of the site - Protect, restore and enhance the built heritage 12 (A) 4 12 - Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery 11 (C) - Extend the existing agreement on the Saint-Jean-Baptiste woods from 20 to 50 years, i.e. until 2055 avenue du Mont-Royal

4 - Saint Joseph’s Oratory of Mount Royal - Continue negotiations between Saint Joseph’s Oratory 10 - Religious Hospitallers of Saint Joseph of Mount Royal and the cities of Westmount and Montréal - Assess the landscape value of the garden to reach an agreement on protecting and enhancing wooded (B)(B) of the Religious Hospitallers of Saint Joseph (P) properties of interest belonging to the Oratory 13 - Protect and enhance the garden

13 - Côte-des-Neiges Armoury chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges - Negotiate an agreement with the city to create an ecological corridor on a strip of land on the northwest side of the (P) dde

Armoury and along Chemin Remembrance avenue du Parc eela (N) 9 - CHUM - Hôtel-Dieu lalaaCô Côte- C

CCô ôte-ôteô (M) - Replant grey areas, i.e. the property around tte e 9 the Jeanne Mance monument and the parking lots (O) 10 - Protect and enhance significant buildings 7 8 (O) and buildings of interest M

(K) OUNT 5 - Prêtres de Saint-Sulpice

5 R - Protect woods located in the northwest part of the property (K) avenue des Pins Ouest (L) 6 OYAL - Protect the woods on the south escarpment of the property (L) 8 P ROTECTION 8

6 - MUHC - Montréal General Hospital AND - Protect the Bénédictins woods - Protect views of and from the Mountain E

8 - McGill University NHANCEMENT - Improve the way the hospital complex fits into its surroundingsgss Institutional property - Assess the landscape value of the Bénédictins woods 7 - MUHC - Royal Victoria Hospital - Protect the McGill University woods (N) - Improve the natural link between the campus - Protect the northern sector of the Royal Victoria woods (M) and the Mountain Park - Assess the landscape value of the Royal Victoria woods - Continue work on protecting and enhancing - Protect and enhance significant buildings and buildings significant buildings and buildings of interest March 2009 P 0 250 500 m LAN

78 res a res that has not been ARK P OYAL R OUNT M FOR

Mount Royal enhancement plan a balance between protecting and conserving natural habitats and habitats natural and conserving protecting between a balance the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District. and Natural Historic As such, it requi Royal the Mount DEVELOPED ormation, signage, equipment, furniture) and identifi cation of equipment,ormation, signage, and identifi furniture)

BE

TO

TOOLS

REGULATORY

AND

An implementation plan for the work identifi ed in the 1992 identifi the work for An implementation plan completed to date to completed plans intervention Sector Design principles aimed at ensuring a coherent approach and consistent vocabulary and consistent approach at ensuring a coherent Design principles aimed A Park management plan management A Park A plan for upgrading Voie Camillien-Houde and Chemin Remembrance Voie upgrading A plan for A program of activities that respects Mount Royal’s role as a heritage treasure to be protected to as a heritage treasure role Royal’s Mount activities that respects of A program Standards for managing large-scale for events Standards A “maintenance – cleanliness” strategy based on public participation, mainly through awareness building and awareness based on public participation, mainly through strategy – cleanliness” A “maintenance education inf (reception, facilities Analysis of park reception required solutions and the work appropriate measures response emergency and updated the Park A security plan for Educational actions related to elements of interest in the Park elements of interest to actions related Educational

------ANAGEMENT

M

3.2.2.5 Park Mount Royal for framework The management of heart in the place an exceptional occupies Park Mount Royal strike designed to and tools, framework c management specifi management unit. Park a dedicated This will users. for require and activities services providing

P E P R M LAN NHANCEMENT AND ROTECTION OYAL OUNT 80

M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 79 the uding 3. IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN THE IMPLEMENTING 3. eristics of the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District, and Natural Historic incl Mount Royal eristics of the DEVELOPED

into practice will call for a series of management and regulatory tools. tools. willand regulatory of management call a series for practice into BE overning commemorative monuments that fi t in with the landscape. monuments that fi commemorative overning

TO

TOOLS

REGULATORY

AND

Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan specify their character, role and contribution to the Mountain’s overall landscape; overall the Mountain’s to and contribution role specify their character, design and maintenance. their use, for criteria determine a study of the parks to:a study of the parks • • a master plan for the Park. plan for a master parameters governing the integration of works of art; of works the integration governing parameters based in particular on their original design; the roads, design principles for works. in public initiatives enhancement incorporating systematically for a strategy a joint plan for their development, with attention to all the components included in the protection and enhancement and enhancement included in the protection all their development, to the components a joint plan for with attention schemes; monuments; of art and commemorative works and enhance protect, action plans to maintain, restore g standards with the cemeteries, in co-operation standardized specifi cations for landscape studies; landscape cations for specifi standardized management approach; based on the ecological program an intervention run-off management strategy; a water maintaining and enhancing biomass; for a management framework and Historic in the Mount Royal located on properties quantify and qualify plant biomass be used to to tool a reference District; Natural heritage management framework; an archaeological the Mountain; of accessing means publicize to required tools information Mount Royal. a security plan for

------ANAGEMENT 5. the other parks: For 4. Park: Mance Jeanne For 3. public property: For 2. the institutional properties: For M 1. territory: the entire For Some of them stem from the innovative nature of the proposed measures, such as those relating to assessing landscapes or assessing to relating such as those measures, of the proposed nature the innovative from stem Some of them c charact specifi to instead related others are biomass; managing the signifi cant concentration of works of art and commemorative monuments in the cemeteries, and the issue of access to the to of access and the issue monuments in the cemeteries, of art and commemorative of works cant concentration the signifi of parts to others only territory, the entire some apply to developed; tools lists the different table Mountain. The following territory or specifi c elements. or specifi territory Putting the Putting the 3.2.2.4 tools and regulatory management Developing M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 81 , emphasizing 3. IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN THE 3. IMPLEMENTING Mount Royal enhancement plan identifi es a number of development projects required to enhance the heritage the enhance to required projects development a number of es identifi roadways identifi ed in the 1992 identifi roadways enance of lookouts. enance to improve the layout and maint reconfi guring the Côte-des-Neiges–Remembrance interchange; guring the Côte-des-Neiges–Remembrance reconfi and Côte-Sainte-Catherine intersection; guring the Parc–Mont-Royal reconfi intersection; guring the Côte-des-Neiges–Cedar reconfi implement conservation and enhancement measures for the Saint-Jean-Baptiste woods; Saint-Jean-Baptiste the for measures enhancement and implement conservation and the north-south road; the ring road of the development complete Park. Royal Mount to leading Rue University of the top point at access a pedestrian create work on projects continue improve three priorities: three • • • project. interchange the Parc–Pins complete lots; the parking upgrade to plan and undertake work sectors; and Outremont Côte-des-Neiges Cedar, in the Peel, entrances the Park restore to carry out work the ring road. of the development complete Chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges. alongside land acquired landscape and naturalize

------Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan ROJECTS 2. properties: the institutional For 3. public property: For P 1. territory: the entire For 4. Park: Mount Royal For 5. Summit Park: For components of the Historic and Natural District. and Natural the Historic of components The 3.3 Projects Projects 3.3 3. IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN

3.4 Ensuring an ongoing role for the Table de concertation du Mont-Royal

The Table de concertation du Mont-Royal must continue its operations and follow up on the implementation of the Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan.

The Table will be useful for assessing the achievements of the Plan once it has been implemented, using indicators for assessing progress in protecting and enhancing the Mountain’s landscapes, natural habitats and built and landscaped environments, as well as expanding knowledge and developing the appropriate management tools, actions carried out and efforts to build awareness.

SOME INDICATORS FOR ASSESSING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MOUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN

1. Protecting and enhancing landscapes: - changes in views to be protected and enhanced.

2. Protecting and enhancing natural habitats: - measurement of the increase in the size of conservation zones that are protected by agreements or by-laws; - actions taken to eliminate invasive species; - measurement of the growth in populations of endangered species; - measurement of the increase in biomass; - list of authorizations granted for felling trees; - funding program.

3. Protecting and enhancing built and landscaped environments: - subsidies granted to protect and enhance buildings; - subsidies granted for landscaping; - subsidies granted for removing visual irritants.

4. Expanding knowledge: - studies conducted.

5. Actions carried out: - measurement of the reduction in the amount of space in Mount Royal Park devoted to parking; - measurement of the reduction in traffi c on Voie Camillien-Houde and Chemin Remembrance; - measurement of visitor satisfaction with reception facilities and services in Mount Royal Park.

6. Awareness: - changes in programs for students; LAN

P - changes in the tourist clientele. NHANCEMENT E AND

ROTECTION P OYAL R OUNT M

82 Appendices M OUNT R OYAL P ROTECTION

AND E NHANCEMENT P LAN — D RAFT

83 APPENDIX 1 — BIODIVERSITY

Biodiversity Protection Measures Zones Management criteria Building construction11

Core zone* - Maintain standing deadwood and implement an ecological No management program similar to the one for nature parks Ecological integrity zone - Add wetlands - Maintain the three strata of vegetation

Core to be consolidated** - Maintain standing deadwood and implement an ecological No management program similar to the one for nature parks Site associated with a core zone, requiring - Take priority action in this zone to maintain the three strata renaturalization or enhancement work of vegetation - Add wetlands

Buffer zone - Implement an ecological management program similar Avoid to the one for nature parks 30-metre protective zone around - Use indigenous plants a core zone - Do not reduce green areas - Improve the interface between human activities and the core zone - Suggest actions respecting the ecological integrity of the core zone - Keep a plant screen between the core zone and the built environment

Ecological corridor*** - Implement an ecological management program similar Not in wooded areas to the one for nature parks and vegetation axes to be consolidated Link between core zones, allowing - Maintain wooded areas movement and dispersal of fl ora Elsewhere yes, with certain - Consolidate at least two strata of vegetation (high herbaceous and fauna criteria: LAN plants/shrubs or shrubs/trees) in a continuous system within

P vegetation axes to be defi ned, so that small animals and reptiles • Minimize the loss can safely move about and plant species can disperse of green areas - Avoid creating crosswise interruptions • Limit crosswise interruptions NHANCEMENT

E Plain of horticultural - Implement an ecological management program similar Yes, with certain criteria:

AND and ecological interest to the one for nature parks

• Maintain biomass on the - Maintain and improve wildlife habitats properties concerned Bird nesting and feeding area; popular - Maintain open spaces • Protect the landscape with raptors character of the plain ROTECTION Complements the forest environment P OYAL * The two wooded areas (east and centre) of the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery are covered by an agreement specifying low-impact burials R at those locations. This should be taken into account when determining conservation objectives for this type of habitat. ** The same protection measures apply to woods of interest to be enhanced outside the ecological network. OUNT

M *** The ecological corridor to be created along Chemin Remembrance will have to be taken into account in the planning of road networks.

11 Building: a construction or part of a construction used or intended to be used to shelter or accommodate persons, animals or things 84 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 85 Biodiversity Only in spaces already landscaped already Only in spaces plants with horticultural and (lawns Non-landscaped spaces with should be planted ground) bare indigenous plants should be plants present Invasive removed landscaped already Only in spaces plants with horticultural and (lawns Non-landscaped spaces with should be planted ground) bare indigenous plants should be plants present Invasive removed the outside of Only in spaces be consolidated to axes vegetation areas and wooded Use indigenous plants in vegetation and wooded consolidated be to axes areas • • • • • • • • Planting of non-indigenous non-indigenous Planting of species plant (non-invasive) Yes, with certain criteria: criteria: with certain Yes, criteria: with certain Yes, Yes 1 Appendix Maintain biomass on the properties concerned on the properties Maintain biomass the plain of the landscape character Protect Minimize changes to existing topography existing to changes Minimize topography the existing conserving Emphasize • • • • Yes, with certain criteria: criteria: with certain Yes, Alteration of topography for purposes other other purposes for topography of Alteration habitats natural than enhancing or protecting criterion: following with the Yes, criterion: following with the Yes, Minimize Minimize development plant for opportunities Maximize zone the buffer landscaping throughout zone Maintain an intact green least plants or shrubs) at (herbaceous the lot 2 m deep on the edge of Minimize development areas green of the loss Minimize interruptions Limit crosswise on the properties Maintain biomass concerned the landscape character Protect the plain of • • • • • • • • No criteria: with certain Yes, properties: institutional For No to next properties non-institutional For zone: a core criteria: with certain Yes, axes and vegetation areas In wooded be consolidated: to Elsewhere: criteria: with certain Yes, criteria: with certain Yes, Work for purposes other than enhancing than purposes other for Work habitats natural or protecting No No No 86 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN Purple loosestrife / Japanese knotweed / White poplar/ Common periwinkle/ Siberian elm/ Common buckthorn/ Glossy buckthorn/ Norway maple/ Goutweed / Black swallowwort / Pale swallowwort / Cow parsley / Garlic mustard / on theMountain,following plantspecies are prohibited intheMountRoyal Historic andNatural District: Under theintervention program basedontheecological managementapproach, aimedinparticular at eradicating invasive plants Prohibited plantspecies Cow parsley APPENDIX 1—BIODIVERSITY Aegopodium podagraria Aegopodium Anthriscus sylvestris Anthriscus Ulmus pumila Ulmus Populus alba Populus Alliaria petiolata Alliaria Acer platanoides Acer Frangula alnus Frangula Lythrum salicaria Lythrum Cynanchum rossicum Cynanchum Cynanchum louiseae Cynanchum Rhamnus cathartica Rhamnus Polygonum cuspidatum Polygonum Vinca minor Vinca Common buckthorn M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 87

y ed act che text text had Archaeology 2 Appendix towers. orner with four c Tours du Fort-des-Messieurs-de-Saint-Sulpice, a classifi ed historic monument with a protected area, and a classifi ed and a classifi area, with a protected monument ed historic a classifi du Fort-des-Messieurs-de-Saint-Sulpice, Tours Classifi ed historic monument and classifi ed historic site ed historic monument and classifi ed historic Classifi City of Westmount (outside the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District) and Natural Historic (outside the Mount Royal Westmount City of City of Westmount (outside the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District) District) and Natural Historic (outside the Mount Royal Westmount City of Ville-Marie borough (outside the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District) and Natural Historic Ville-MarieRoyal (outside the Mount borough value of the archaeological contexts on the site (Ethnoscop 1994). (Ethnoscop on the site contexts the archaeological of value the sides of the Westmount hill into the urban fabric. The space, known as the Westmount burying ground, contained some twenty some twenty contained burying ground, as the Westmount known The space, the urban fabric. hill into the Westmount of the sides 1924). 1922, Lighthall 1899, (1898, William D. by in particular recorded, were details Summary graves. graves ve BjFj-031, School, site fi where St. to George’s next lot the done of was inventory an archaeological In 1989 and 1990, one individual of development, the remains recent by disturbed had been extensively the site in 1898. Although been unearthed found. were 2001). (Remparts documentar the great and highlighted being restored, done as the building was was work archaeological various In the mid-1980s, Hurtubise House (BiFj-036 site) Location: status: Legal on homes rural the oldest is one of Hurtubise in 1739 on Chemin de la Côte-Saint-Antoine, Pierre built by The Hurtubise House, int is remarkably much larger, previously and the site, years, many for the same family by owned It was Montréal. the island of During the second half of the 19th century, many prehistoric Native graves were unearthed during construction work to integrate to work during construction unearthed were graves Native prehistoric many the 19th century, half of During the second Prehistoric Native graves in Westmount (BiFj-031 in Westmount site) graves Native Prehistoric Location: by a stone wall by a stone wall Location: status: Legal site historic Native various of a palisaded village and representatives comprising mid-1670s, in the here founded was A Sulpician mission de the Séminaire to and ceded in 1694 re a fi after rebuilt was and Algonquin. The fort Huron mainly Iroquois, American nations, con the archaeological that has shown and inventories) studies (potential property on this vast date to research Archaeological List of archaeological sites sites archaeological of List (BiFj-006 Sulpician Seminary de la Montagne, Fort site) Saint-Sulpice in 1696. The Natives were then gradually moved to the new Sault-au-Récollet mission until the Fort de la Montagne until the Fort mission Sault-au-Récollet the new to moved then gradually were The Natives in 1696. Saint-Sulpice surround buildings, with various here estate country a vast closed in 1705. The Sulpicians then created permanently was mission and Laro (Bisson the site of occupation a lengthy of the evidence preserving is still of intact, the importance and highlighted 2006). 1997, 1990, 1987, 1986, Ethnoscop 1984, Archéotec 1975, APPENDIX 2 — ARCHAEOLOGY

Rosemount, Percy Walters Park (BiFj-080 site) Location: Ville-Marie borough Legal status: Mount Royal Historic and Natural District and protected areas of the Ernest Cormier and Charles G. Greenshields houses, classifi ed historic monuments

Rosemount, built around 1850 by lawyer and politician John Rose, is a perfect example of the sumptuous homes erected by the Montréal upper class in those days on the south side of Mount Royal. The area is now known as the Golden Square Mile. The house was purchased in 1871 by Montréal businessman William Watson Ogilvie, and underwent extensive work that changed its appearance considerably. It was one of the most prestigious homes of its time. Rosemount was demolished in 1933, and is now the site of Percy Walters Park.

Archaeological research has recently been conducted on the Rosemount site, and has documented the main elements of the built environment and the associated archaeological contexts (SACL, 2006).

Snow Hill, Saint Joseph’s Oratory of Mount Royal (BiFj-081 site) Location: Côte-des-Neiges—Notre-Dame-de-Grâce borough Legal status: Mount Royal Historic and Natural District

A vast site on the north side of the Westmount hill, at the foot of Saint Joseph’s Oratory of Mount Royal. The space encompasses a number of lots, including the Snow Hill estate where John Molson Jr. built his house, Terra Nova, in 1848. The Neo-classical residence designed by George Browne, now part of the Petits Chanteurs du Mont-Royal building, is another example of the splendid homes built by the Montréal upper class starting in the mid-19th century on the slopes of Mount Royal.

In 2005, as part of infrastructure work at Saint Joseph’s Oratory of Mount Royal, a potential study was done on the site, along with an initial archaeological inventory. A number of parts of the site were found to be of particular interest, including the Snow Hill estate. The inventory turned up remains associated with the former outbuildings (Archéotec 2005).

Dawson (BjFj-001 site) Location: Ville-Marie borough (outside the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District) Legal status: Protected area of the University Club of Montreal building, a classifi ed historic monument

The Dawson site is where earthmoving work in 1860 turned up many prehistoric Native remains: graves, traces of dwellings, clay pots, stone and bone tools, fi re pits and some objects of European origin. The analysis of the fi ndings by John William Dawson, a McGill University geologist, determined that this was an Iroquoian village from the Late Woodland that might have been occupied at the time of contact with Europeans (latter half of the 16th century). The site was long considered to be the village of Hochelaga, visited by Jacques Cartier, but that hypothesis has now been questioned by many experts (Trigger & Pendergast 1972). It is likely

LAN a different village from Hochelaga, although the two may have been contemporaneous. P

The archaeological contexts found by Dawson have now mostly been lost. Digs conducted in the neighbouring streets, however, found stratigraphic levels similar to those described by Dawson (SANM 1989, Ethnoscop 1997). In 2004, an archaeological inventory conducted as part of restoration work on infrastructure beneath Rue Metcalfe turned up a number of prehistoric potsherds in NHANCEMENT contexts similar to those from the Dawson site. The analysis of these items showed similarities to items from the impressive E collection discovered in 1860. It seems that part of the site may still exist under the western half of Rue Metcalfe, between AND Sherbrooke and De Maisonneuve (Arkéos, to be published). ROTECTION P OYAL R OUNT M

88 M OUNT ROYAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT PLAN 89

e n h h n es lar ed on nd he om 1885. APPENDIX 2 — ARCHAEOLOGY APPENDIX display potential. potential. display in situ Mount Royal Historic and Natural District District and Natural Historic Mount Royal District and Natural Historic Mount Royal Mount Royal Historic and Natural District District and Natural Historic Mount Royal Protected area of the University Club of Montreal building, a classifi ed historic monument historic ed building, a classifi Montreal of Club the University of area Protected Ville-Marie borough borough Plateau-Mont-Royal Le Ville-Marie borough Ville-Marie borough (outside the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District) and Natural Historic Ville-Marie Mount Royal (outside the borough the path along the crags, offer interesting interesting offer along the crags, the path operation until 1918, and was dismantled between 1919 and 1921. dismantled between and was until 1918, operation wit associated Some masonry traces the crags. of the top at the funicular of remains found inventory an archaeological In 1992, visible fr remains, accessible 1993). The easily ed (Ethnoscop identifi were the ground from the building and anchors projecting The initial phase, very visible from the provincial exhibition grounds (north of Jeanne Mance Park), was at fi rst confi ned to t ned to confi rst fi at was Park), Mance Jeanne (north of grounds exhibition the provincial visible from very The initial phase, i remained The funicular located. was ce offi a ticket where du Parc, as Avenue it as far extended phases later two crags; rocky Place Sainte-Sophie (BjFj-046Place site) the summit. built in was reach funicular The to visitors for make it easier so as to Mount Royal, side of up on the east be set site) (BjFj-130 Park Mance Jeanne Location: lled up wit quickly fi lots These du Mont-Royal. Avenue on the south side of began dividing up and selling lots off on the site, Exhibiti on the Provincial the facilities to next The buildings remained outbuildings. along with various or brick homes, stone the racetrack for the bleachers by replaced were when they 1890s, in the early disappeared (1878–1896), but apparently grounds park.in the exhibition Legal status: Legal a funicu the city that to suggested developers (1876), three Park Mount Royal cial opening of the offi in the run-up to In 1875, status: Legal In 1870, as farmland. used mainly properties a number of comprised Park Mance Jeanne is now what 1730 and 1870, Between property a vast hospital and owned de Montréal the Hôtel-Dieu of in charge Hospitallers Saintthe Religious of Joseph, who were Mount Royal Park funicular (BjFj-117 site) (BjFj-117 funicular Park Mount Royal Location: other outbuildings were gradually added in the rear yards. Around the turn of the 20th century, commercial buildings radically buildings radically commercial the 20th century, the turn of Around yards. rear added in the gradually outbuildings were other area. the of the urban fabric transformed observ with the contexts important similarities and found stratigraphy the site documented inventory an archaeological In 1989, site. Dawson the at Prehistoric quarry (BjFj-097Prehistoric site) Location: status: Legal o observed were hornfels of Lithique du Québec, outcrops bedrock de Référence the Centre by during a visual inspection In 1993, Location: status: Legal (BjFj-001). site some twenty the Dawson in 1859, laid out near Sainte-Sophie was located is Sainte-Sophie Place site The Place brick buildings; sheds a three-storey of lined with a series it was the time, At subdivided. rst fi was the district after years the northeast side of Mount Royal (Codère 1996). This discovery was followed in 1997 by a potential study and an inventory that and an inventory study a potential in 1997 by followed was 1996). This discovery (Codère Mount Royal side of the northeast extracted was stone that 1998). Signs (Ethnoscop groups Native prehistoric had been used by resource this natural that showed quarri the natural that indicate completion of stages various at and tools akes fl stone of and the discovery up here and broken on Mount Royal were used as sources of raw material and workshops for the production of stone tools. stone of the production for and workshops material raw of used as sources were on Mount Royal evidenc indirect in southern Quebec provides sites many at akes and fl tools of in the form hornfels Mount Royal of The presence throughout perhaps even long periods, very been in use for have may used. This stone quarry was widely the Mount Royal how of Montréal. of the prehistory APPENDIX 2 — ARCHAEOLOGY

In 2004, an archaeological inventory conducted as part of work to restore the facilities and infrastructure in Jeanne Mance Park turned up many remains associated with the buildings that had stood on the south side of Avenue du Mont-Royal in the last quarter of the 19th century. The work also showed the integrity of the archaeological contexts in this sector and the possibility of unearthing some remains of the Provincial Exhibition facilities (Ethnoscop, to be published).

Prehistoric site (BjFj-134 site) Location: Ville-Marie borough Legal status: Mount Royal Historic and Natural District

In 2004 and 2005, an archaeological inventory and digs were carried out as part of restoration work on the Sir George-Étienne Cartier monument in Mount Royal Park. A number of potsherds, bone tools and food scraps were unearthed at that time, in various places. At least one potsherd could be associated with the St. Lawrence Iroquoian culture (1300-1534 AD).

Although there were not many artifacts and they were spread over a large surface, they might point to the use of the site by small groups in prehistoric times on their way to nearby cultivated fi elds, a village, cemetery or quarry. Since there are still a number of sites in this sector to be explored, it can be assumed that this location corresponds to the edges of a larger archaeological site that has yet to be examined. In any case, these remains all suggest that the Mountain was used by prehistoric groups (Ethnoscop, to be published).

Mount Royal reservoir (MTL04-25-15 and MTL05-25-18 site) Location: Ville-Marie borough Legal status: Mount Royal Historic and Natural District

Up to the mid-19th century, problems with water supply delayed the development of the areas at the foot of the Mountain. After the water supply network was redesigned following a fi re that destroyed substantial parts of the Saint-Laurent and Sainte-Marie faubourgs in 1852, two reservoirs were built on the south side of Mount Royal: the McTavish reservoir, completed in 1856 and still in use, and the upper or Mount Royal reservoir, built in about 1872 and abandoned in 1930.

The remains of the Mount Royal reservoir lie within the boundaries of Mount Royal Park, near the Peel staircase. Recently, two archaeological inventories were conducted to determine its exact position and the condition of the remains. Parts of walls and the piping system were unearthed, suggesting that most of the structure is still in place, including the main mechanical elements (Ethnoscop, to be published). Aside from its documentary interest, it offers interesting in situ display potential.

Native graves

LAN From the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, many prehistoric graves were unearthed in different places on Mount Royal. P

One specifi c site, known as the Westmount burying ground (S1), comprised the graves of some twenty individuals. Graves were also discovered around 1850 on the Lyman lot, in the Mount Royal Cemetery (S2), and on the important Dawson site (BjFj-001), the only St. Lawrence Iroquoian village identifi ed to date on the Montréal plain. In the early 20th century, some graves were NHANCEMENT discovered in a small cave north of the Westmount burying ground (S3). On the north or Outremont side, a number of graves were E found on Rue Pratt (S4), along Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine (S5) and, more recently, on Chemin Queen-Mary (S6). AND

Reinterpretation of these data shows that the graves might be associated with prehistoric populations from the Late Archaic period (4000 to 1000 B.C.), but also the Late Woodland (1000 to 1550 A.D.). In any case, the distribution of these many discoveries

ROTECTION shows that Mount Royal and its slopes were used as sacred places by the prehistoric peoples who visited and lived on the Island

P of Montréal. (Larocque 1990, Tremblay 2004) OYAL R OUNT M

90 Sources of illustrations

Cover Panorama and winter scene : Sylvain Legault Beaver Lake pavilion and Sir Hugh Allan stables (details) : Denise Caron Page 9 Ville de Montréal Archives, Jacques Viger Fonds, cote BM99, S1, D1, p 266 Page 10 Watercolour by James Duncan: McCord Museum, M30612980-001-612-002-0 Page 19 1931, 1964, 1983 aerial photographs: Ministère de la Culture, des Communications et de la Condition féminine (MCCCF) Page 20 Wood frog: Raymond Belhumeur Page 25 Heat islands research group, Geography department, Université du Québec à Montréal Page 29 W.W. Ogilvie’s residence: Wm. Notman & Son, McCord Museum, VIEW-951.1 Page 31 Postcard: Daniel Chartier Page 37 McGill University Page 38 Saint Joseph’s Oratory of Mount Royal Page 45 Path along the Crags: Alain Chagnon Page 49 Jeanne Mance pavilion: Alain Chagnon Page 52 Oratory: Saint Joseph’s Oratory of Mount Royal Page 57 On Chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges where it meets Chemin Remembrance: Christian Thiffault architecture design urbain Page 58 Avenue des Pins in 1953: Ville de Montréal Archives, VM105-Z2046-1 Sections: Christian Thiffault architecture design urbain Page 65 Alain Chagnon

Oblique aerial photographs (p. 7, 46-49, 51, 53, 57, 63, 67): Claude Duchaîne, Air Imex ltée

All unidentifi ed illustrations are from the Ville de Montréal.

Acknowledgements

The Ville de Montréal extends its warmest thanks to all the individuals and organizations that contributed to the Mount Royal Protection and Enhancement Plan.