Plan De Conservation DU SITE PATRIMONIAL DU MONT-ROYAL 2018 - 2

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Plan De Conservation DU SITE PATRIMONIAL DU MONT-ROYAL 2018 - 2 Plan de conservation DU SITE PATRIMONIAL DU MONT-ROYAL 2018 - 2 - Dépôt légal – Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, 2018 ISBN 978-2-550-81609-6 (PDF) © Gouvernement du Québec, ministère de la Culture et des Communications MOT DE LA MINISTRE Le mont Royal est un véritable joyau au cœur de la plus grande ville du Québec. Déclaré site patrimonial le 9 mars 2005, ce territoire d’une superficie d’environ 750 hectares englobe les trois sommets du mont Royal et une portion de ses flancs. Il présente une concentration d’éléments distinctifs – relevant des domaines du sacré, du savoir, de la santé, du loisir, des services civiques et de l’habitation – qui reflètent ses multiples usages. Il nous faut poursuivre les efforts pour assurer la mise en valeur de ce site emblématique et, surtout, pour en préserver l’intégrité dans l’intérêt des générations actuelles et futures. Cela passe nécessairement par notre souci de le comprendre et de le protéger. C’est le propos et l’intention de ce plan de conservation. Le patrimoine culturel constitue une richesse collective exceptionnelle, mais une richesse malheureusement non renouvelable. Il mérite donc d’être considéré avec soin et vigilance. Ce document regroupe les connaissances acquises sur le site patrimonial et son histoire. De plus, il définit les orientations nécessaires à l’analyse des demandes d’autorisation relatives aux articles 64 et 65 de la Loi sur le patrimoine culturel. Il deviendra notre cadre de référence pour intervenir dans le respect des valeurs d’origine, dans un esprit de dynamisme et en écho aux besoins de la population. Je tiens à souligner qu’une consultation publique a été tenue pour permettre aux citoyens d’exprimer leurs préoccupations quant à la protection de ce site patrimonial. Leurs remarques, tout comme les avis des intervenants de la Ville de Montréal et de la Ville de Westmount ainsi que ceux des spécialistes du Conseil du patrimoine culturel du Québec, ont bien sûr retenu notre attention pour bonifier les grandes lignes du plan. J’en profite pour remercier la population et les élus de leur engagement tout au long de cette démarche. C’est en misant sur un processus de concertation et sur la convergence des efforts que nous pourrons protéger ce patrimoine à la source de notre identité. Je suis fière de présenter ce plan de conservation qui reflète notre volonté de bien accomplir notre devoir de mémoire quant à la transmission de nos richesses patrimoniales. Marie Montpetit Ministre de la Culture et des Communications et ministre responsable de la Protection et de la Promotion de la langue française - 3 - IDENTIFICATION SOMMAIRE DU SITE PATRIMONIAL Toponyme Site patrimonial du Mont-Royal Autres noms Arrondissement historique et naturel du Mont-Royal Région administrative Montréal Municipalités Montréal Westmount Latitude 45° 30' 13.2" Longitude -73° 35' 47.6" Codes Borden BiFj-80 BiFj-81 BiFj-88 BiFj-92 BiFj-93 BiFj-94 BjFj-117 BjFj-130 BjFj-134 BjFj-157 BjFj-158 BjFj-97 - 5 - TABLE DES MATIÈRES INTRODUCTION 8 Comprendre le plan de conservation 8 Cadre légal de protection du site patrimonial du Mont-Royal 9 Procédures relatives aux demandes d’autorisation de travaux en vertu de la Loi sur le patrimoine culturel 13 Demandes de permis ou de certificats municipaux 14 Autres lois applicables 15 SURVOL DU SITE PATRIMONIAL 17 Description 17 Historique 20 PRÉSENTATION DU SITE PATRIMONIAL 38 Les valeurs patrimoniales 38 Valeur historique 38 Valeur paysagère 39 Valeurs emblématique et identitaire 40 Valeur architecturale 41 Valeur urbanistique 42 Valeur ethnologique 43 Valeur archéologique 43 Valeur artistique 44 Les caractéristiques du site patrimonial 46 Le cadre naturel 46 Le réseau viaire 56 Le système parcellaire 66 Le cadre bâti 71 Les unités de paysage 105 Les qualités visuelles 121 Le patrimoine archéologique 127 ORIENTATIONS POUR LA PROTECTION, LA MISE EN VALEUR ET LA TRANSMISSION 138 Orientations s’appliquant à tous les types d’intervention 138 - 6 - Préserver les valeurs patrimoniales du site patrimonial 138 Privilégier l’intervention minimale 138 Assurer la continuité à travers les changements 139 ORIENTATIONS GÉNÉRALES ET PARTICULIÈRES S’APPLIQUANT À L’ENSEMBLE DU SITE PATRIMONIAL 139 Le cadre naturel 139 Le réseau viaire 141 Le système parcellaire 141 Le cadre bâti 142 Les qualités visuelles 147 Le patrimoine archéologique 148 La mise en valeur 149 ORIENTATIONS PARTICULIÈRES S’APPLIQUANT À CERTAINS SECTEURS (UNITÉS DE PAYSAGE) 150 Le flanc sud 151 Le flanc est 151 Le flanc nord 152 Le flanc nord-ouest 153 Le flanc sud-ouest 153 L’entre-monts 153 TABLEAU RÉSUMÉ DES DONNÉES RELATIVES AUX SITES ARCHÉOLOGIQUES 155 GLOSSAIRE 156 LISTE DES ILLUSTRATIONS 160 BIBLIOGRAPHIE 169 7 8 INTRODUCTION COMPRENDRE LE PLAN DE CONSERVATION La Loi sur le patrimoine culturel (LPC) « a pour objet de favoriser la connaissance, la protection, la mise en valeur et la transmission du patrimoine culturel, reflet de l’identité d’une société, dans l’intérêt public et dans une perspective de développement durable » (art. 1). Elle prévoit l’établissement d’un plan de conservation pour chaque site patrimonial déclaré. Le plan de conservation est un document dans lequel le ministre de la Culture et des Communications présente « ses orientations en vue de la préservation, de la réhabilitation et, le cas échéant, de la mise en valeur » (LPC, art. 61) des sites patrimoniaux déclarés. Le plan de conservation énonce les valeurs patrimoniales et les caractéristiques qui ont mené à la déclaration du site patrimonial. En résumé, il sert à réconcilier la préservation des valeurs patrimoniales et les usages contemporains du site patrimonial qui doit demeurer vivant, principe de base de sa conservation. Le plan de conservation du site patrimonial du Mont-Royal est destiné à guider les décisions du ministre dans l’exercice des pouvoirs qui lui sont conférés en vertu des articles 64 et 65 de la Loi sur le patrimoine culturel. Il permet d’assurer de la pérennité des valeurs patrimoniales et des caractéristiques du site patrimonial du Mont-Royal au bénéfice des citoyennes et des citoyens du Québec. Ces valeurs patrimoniales et ces caractéristiques sont primordiales puisqu’elles expliquent la déclaration du site patrimonial en 2005 par le gouvernement du Québec. Le plan pourra également servir de référence aux personnes qui interviennent en matière de patrimoine culturel, dont les propriétaires ou leurs représentants, les locataires, les promoteurs et les municipalités. Les orientations énoncées dans le présent document permettront de planifier des interventions respectueuses des valeurs patrimoniales du site patrimonial. L’analyse des demandes d’autorisation sera faite à partir des orientations contenues dans le plan de conservation et chaque demande sera prise en considération en fonction des faits qui lui sont particuliers afin de respecter la nature discrétionnaire du pouvoir que la Loi sur le patrimoine culturel confie au ministre de la Culture et des Communications. En effet, le pouvoir du ministre lui permet d’éviter qu’une orientation soit appliquée automatiquement et de manière rigide1. Étant une ressource précieuse et non renouvelable pour notre société contemporaine, le patrimoine culturel doit être traité avec rigueur, mais en conservant la souplesse nécessaire afin de tenir compte de ses particularités. C’est ainsi que la Loi sur le patrimoine culturel utilise le concept d’orientation plutôt que celui d’exigence, de norme ou de critère afin de respecter la nature du pouvoir du ministre et de conserver un degré suffisant d’ouverture quant aux demandes qui pourraient lui être adressées2. À la différence du pouvoir du ministre, les municipalités possèdent un pouvoir réglementaire en vertu de la Loi sur l’aménagement et l’urbanisme. Elles ont donc la possibilité, si elles le souhaitent, de transposer les orientations du ministre dans leur réglementation. En ce sens, le plan de conservation informe les municipalités des orientations établies par le ministre pour la protection du site patrimonial. 1. Pierre Issalys et Denis Lemieux, L’action gouvernementale. Précis de droit des institutions administratives, 2e édition revue et augmentée, Cowansville, Québec, Éditions Yvon Blais, 2002, p. 503. 2. Il est à noter que, selon les auteurs Pierre Issalys et Denis Lemieux, le détenteur d’un pouvoir discrétionnaire ne peut pas poser de gestes qui amèneraient l’autorité administrative à décider à l’avance de ce que sera le contenu d’une décision. L’autorité administrative, dans le présent cas le ministère de la Culture et des Communications, doit prendre en compte les particularités de chaque situation. Issalys et Lemieux, ibid. 9 Le plan de conservation du site patrimonial du Mont-Royal est le document de référence du ministère de la Culture et des Communications pour la protection et la mise en valeur du site en ce qui a trait aux articles 64 et 65 de la Loi sur le patrimoine culturel. Il ne limite toutefois pas la compétence du ministre, dans l’exercice du pouvoir qui lui est conféré en vertu de la Loi, de prendre en considération chaque cas à son mérite. Le plan de conservation renferme des orientations et ne doit pas être considéré comme une compilation de l’ensemble des données et des études qui sont disponibles ou qui pourraient s’ajouter au fil du temps. La Ville de Montréal et la Ville de Westmount, par ailleurs, interviennent sur le territoire du site patrimonial. Elles le font notamment en vertu de Loi sur l’aménagement et l’urbanisme et au moyen d’autres documents de référence, dont leur plan d’urbanisme et la réglementation en découlant. Les questions de changement d’usage, de contrôle de la circulation ainsi que de développement économique et communautaire relèvent de la compétence des deux villes. Le Ministère doit toutefois autoriser, notamment, les modifications apportées à l’apparence extérieure des immeubles qui pourraient en découler.
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