Deutscher Titel: Josef J. de Freina, Yeray Monasterio León, Carlos Alberto Antonietty & Roger Vila, Anmerkungen zur Biologie, Verbreitung und Systematik von Chondrostega Lederer, 1857, auf der Iberischen Halbinsel mit Beschreibung von Chondrostega escobe- sae sp. nov. aus Südspanien (: , Chondrosteginae) Josef J. de Freina, Yeray Monasterio León, Carlos Alberto Antonietty & Roger Vila, Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula Notes on the biology, distribution and of Chondrostega Lederer, 1857 in the Iberian Peninsula with a description of the southern Spanish Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae, Chondrosteginae)

●●Josef J. de Freina, Yeray Monasterio León, Carlos Alberto Antonietty & Roger Vila

Abstract. Spanish populations of Chon- Resumen. Consideraciones sobre la Zusammenfassung. Von spanischen drostega Lederer, 1857 are examined biología, distribución y taxonomía de Populationen der Gattung Chondrostega based on external and internal morphol- Chondrostega Lederer, 1857 en la pe- Lederer, 1857 werden äußere und inne- ogy as well as molecular data from the nínsula ibérica, con la descripción de re morphologische Merkmale wie auch mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sub- Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. del molekulare Datensätze der mitochond- unit I gene (COI). According to relevant sur de España (Lepidoptera: Lasio- rial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene diagnostic features and genetic differen- campidae, Chondrosteginae) (COI) untersucht und ausgewertet. Die tiation, two species with allopatric dis- Se realiza una revisión taxonómica de las Diagnose belegt die Existenz zweier al- tribution are recognized within the Ibe- poblaciones españolas de Chondrostega lopatrisch wie auch genetisch getrennter rian Peninsula. Andalusian populations, Lederer, 1857, a partir del estudio de Arten auf der Iberischen Halbinsel. Po- here described as Chondrostega escobesae caracteres morfológicos internos y exter- pulationen Andalusiens werden als sp. nov., are compared to the closely re- nos, así como del gen mitocondrial cito- Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. beschrie- lated Chondrostega vandalicia (Millière, cromo oxidasa subunidad I (COI). Aten- ben und mit ihrer Schwesterart Chond- 1865), which is limited to the northern diendo a características diagnósticas rostega vandalicia (Millière, 1865) ver- half of the Iberian Peninsula. They can relevantes, el género se divide en dos glichen, deren Verbreitung sich auf die be recognized by largely constant mor- especies alopátridas en la península ibé- Nordhälfte der Iberischen Halbinsel be- phological features such as a different rica. Las poblaciones presentes en Anda- schränkt. Beide Arten sind anhand kon- pattern on the underside of the wings of lucía se describen aquí como Chondros- stanter morphologischer Unterschiede the male, adult male genital structure, tega escobesae sp. nov. y son comparadas wie der verschieden ausgeprägten Hin- different structure of the canthus and the con Chondrostega vandalicia (Millière, terflügelzeichnung, der männlichen Ge- colour of hairs in the final instars. Phy- 1865), limitada a la mitad norte de Ibe- nitalstruktur, der Form des Canthus und logenetic analyses based on COI identify ria. Estas especies pueden ser diferencia- der deutlich voneinander abweichenden the two species as sister clades with a das a partir de varias características Färbung erwachsener Raupen unter- minimum genetic divergence of 3.8 %. como la existencia de un patrón diferen- scheidbar. Die Auswertung der DNA- Adults, including the apterous females, te en el reverso de las alas de los machos, Barcoding ergibt einen DNA-Sequenz­ immature stages, larval host and la estructura genital masculina, diferen- unterschied des mtDNA Cytochromoxy- natural habitat are described and illus- te estructura del canthus y la colouración dase-I-Gens (COI) zwischen nord- und trated. A neotype is designated for C. de la pilosidad de los últimos estadios südspanischen Tieren von mindestens vandalicia. larvarios. El análisis filogenético basado 3,8 %. Der Beitrag liefert Beschreibungen en el COI muestra las dos especies como und Abbildungen der Imagines ein- clados hermanos con una divergencia schließlich des apteren Weibchens, der genética del 3.8 %. Se describen e ilus- letzten Präimaginalstadien, Wirtspflan- tran los adultos de ambos sexos, estadios zen und Lebensräume. Für C. vandalicia inmaduros, plantas nutricias de las oru- wird ein Neotypus designiert. gas y varios hábitats. Se designa además un neotipo para C. vandalicia.

Key words. Lepidoptera, Lasiocampoidea, Lasiocampidae, Chondrosteginae, Chondrostega, Iberian Peninsula, new species, neotype, taxonomy, Palaearctic region, DNA barcoding, mitochondrial DNA.

Introduction Chondrostega Lederer, 1857 is a complex and western Asia, whereas Chondrostego- dispersed populations. This is especially of species and forms, rather difficult to ides Aurivillius, 1905 is limited to sou- true for the Chondrostega vandalicia (Mil- classify, that is distributed from the sou- thern Africa. Theaptery of Chondrostega lière, 1865) species group, one of the thern Europe and North Africa to central females has presumably resulted in many cases with controversial taxonomy in this

1 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld · 125 (4) 2015 genus (Rougeot & Viette 1978, de Freina the adults. Based on these morphological preserved in absolute ethanol. Total ge- & Witt 1987, Leraut 2006), which dis- differences and mitochondrial DNA re- nomic DNA was extracted using Chelex plays scattered populations from the Ibe- sults, we propose that C. vandalicia exists 100 resin, 100–200 mesh, sodium form rian Peninsula and over the entire Magh- in the northern half of the Iberian Penin- (Biorad), under the following protocol: reb to the Levant. Absence of diagnostic sula, while the Andalusian populations the tissue was introduced into 100 μL of characters both in genitalia and larval represent a separate species, here descri- Chelex 10 % and 5 μL of Proteinase K stages has led to descriptions of a conside- bed as Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. (20 mg⁄mL) were added. The samples rable number of taxa of uncertain validity, were incubated overnight at 55 °C and listed below: were subsequently incubated at 100 °C for Methods and materials 15 minutes. Samples were then centri- C. constantina Aurivillius, 1894; C. pow- Morphologie and repositories fuged for 10 seconds at 3.000 rpm. A 655- elli Oberthür, 1912; C. tingitana Powell, Cleaned, stained genitalia were stored and bp fragment at the 5’ end of the mitochon- 1916; C. maghrebica de Joannis, 1929 examined in 30 % ethanol, and slide- drial gene (COI) was amplified by poly- (described from populations of Morocco mounted in Euparal before being photo- merase chain reaction (PCR) using the and Algeria); C. zanoni Turati, 1922; C. graphed. primers UniLepF1 (5’-TAA TAC GAC TCA misuratana (Krüger, 1939 (described CTA TAG GGA TTC AAC CAA TCA TAA from Libya); C. subfasciata Klug, 1830; C. Repository abbreviations are as follows: AGA TAT TGG AAC-3’) and UniLepR1 (5’- palaestrana Staudinger, 1891; C. fasciana BC – Barcode [no.]; CFM – Collection de ATT AAC CCT CAC TAA AGT AAA CTT Staudinger, 1891; C. longespinata Auri- Freina, München; CML – Collection Mon- CTG GAT GTC CAA AAA ATC A-3’), with villius, 1894; C. aurivillii Püngeler, 1902; asterio León, Logroño; GPdF – Genitalia universal T7 and T3 tails here highlighted C. goetschmanni Sterz, 1915; C. osthelderi­ dissection [no.] de Freina; IBEB – Institut in bold.PCR was carried in 25-μL volumes Püngeler, 1925; C. intacta Gaede, 1933; de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barce- containing: 14.4 μL autoclaved Milli-Q C. pauli Gaede, 1933; C. schwingenschussi lona; ID – Identifying number; MWM – water, 5 μL 5x buffer, 2 μL 25 mM MgCl2, Zerny, 1933; C. elema Wiltshire, 1941; Collection of Lepidopterological Museum 0.5 μL 10 mM dNTPs, 0.5 μL of each prim- C. brunneicornis Wiltshire, 1944 (all de- Witt, Munich; ZMHU – Museum für er (10 μM), 0.1 μL Taq DNA Polymerase scribed from Levantine populations). Naturkunde, Berlin (formerly Zoologis- (Promega, 5U/μL) and 2 μL of extracted ches Museum der Humoldt-Universität, DNA. The typical thermal cycling profile To test the validity of these taxa, further Germany); ZSM – Bavarian State Collec- was: first denaturation at 92 °C for 60 s, research is essential and molecular data tion of Zoology, Munich. followed by five cycles of 92 °C for 15 s, may shed light on the extent of diversifica- 49 °C for 45 s and 62 °C for 150 s, and then tion among populations. It should be ex- Description and comparative diagnosis is by 35 cycles of 92 °C for 15 s, 52 °C for 45 s pressly mentioned here that due to lack of supplemented by biogeographical and and 62 °C for 150 s and a final extension at scientific verification we can not accept biological data concerning C. vandalicia 62 °C for 420 s. PCR products were purified the arbitrary taxonomic changes within and the new species C. escobesae. This in- and sequenced by Macrogen Inc. using the the Chondrostega group made by Leraut formation has been obtained as a result of T7 and T3 universal primers. Sequences (2006). This means that we still consider intensive observations of immature stages were edited and aligned using GENEIOUS C. vandalicia as non-conspecific with any and life history both in natural conditions PRO 6.0.5 created by Biomatters (http:// of the North African taxa. and captive breeding by Y. M. L., C. A. A. www.geneious.com/). A Neighbour-Join- and further supporting lepidopterologists ing (NJ) phylogenetic tree was obtained The Iberian populations of Chondrostega (see acknowledgements). The study of the using MEGA 6 (Tamura et al. 2013), based have all been previously treated as belong- life-cycle was carried out in several loca- on p-distance and pairwise deletion. Node ing to C. vandalicia (Millière, 1865). tions in Iberia over a period of several ye- supports were assessed through 100 boot- However, we show that the genital struc- ars to the present day. strap pseudo-replicates. Sequences for two ture, canthus morphology and DNA se- lasiocampid species were obtained from quence data of the southern Spanish po- GenBank and used as outgroup. Genetic pulations display considerable differences DNA Analysis distances between species are reported as compared to those in northern Spain. We analyzed the cytochrome c oxidase I minimum uncorrected pairwise distances, Furthermore, morphological differences (COI) mitochondrial marker for ten Chon- while intraspecific variation is reported as in male adults, as well as a significant dif- drostega specimens representing five pop- maximum uncorrected pairwise distances. ference in larval colour, suggest that two ulations in the Iberian Peninsula. DNA was geographically separate species exist, de- extracted from one leg removed from DNA extracts are stored at the IBEB. All spite the virtually identical appearance of dried specimens as well as from larvae studied specimens and samples, identifi-

Plate I Figs 1–4. Adult habitus of male C. escobesae sp. nov. – 1, 2. Holotype, upperside (1), underside (2): Andalucía, Malaga (Ronda), Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones, 1750 m, 5.IX.2014, C. Antonietty leg. (DNA extraction code RVcoll. 14V507). 3, 4. Paratypes upperside (left), underside (right), same data as Fig. 1 (Fig. 3: GPdF2014/25, Fig. 4: DNA extraction code RVcoll. 14V506). – Figs 5–10. Adult habitus of male C. vandalicia (Millière, 1865), upperside (left), underside (right): Spain, Castilla y León, Soria, Borobia [SW area of the Sierra del Moncayo], 1169 m, 19.VII.2014, Y. Monasterio & R. Escobés leg. (CFM) (Fig. 5: DNA extraction code RVcoll. 14V502). – Figs 11, 12. Chondrostega vandalicia (Millière, 1865), neotype male with labels, upperside (11), ­underside (12): Spain, Castilla y León, Ávila, Cerro de San Mateo, 1100 m, UTM 30T UL50, 26.VIII.1995, F. Aguilar leg. (CFM, MWM/ZSM). – Figs 13–15. Chondrostega vandalicia (Millière, 1865), male. – 13, 14. Castilla y León, Cembranos, 806 m, 5.VIII.2006, Y. Monasterio cult. (CFM). 15. Castilla y León, Soria, Borobia, 1169 m, 19.VII.2014, Y. Monasterio & R. Escobés leg. (CFM). – Figs 16–19. Adult habitus of female C. escobesae sp. nov. – 16–18. Andalu­cía, Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, 30.IX.2006. 19. PT, same patria, 16.VII.2007, Y. Monasterio León leg. et cult. (CDF).

2 Josef J. de Freina, Yeray Monasterio León, Carlos Alberto Antonietty & Roger Vila, Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula

3 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld · 125 (4) 2015 cation numbers (ID) listed below, are in Spain, Andalucía, Jaén (Los Villares), Si- fer slightly from typical C. vandalicia (see the collections of the authors: erra de Jabalcuz, Pico Jabalcuz, 1560 m, Figs 45–52). The slight differentiation of UTM 30S VG27, 13.III.2014, C. Antoniet- this population is unexpected, as the Mon- Chondrostega vandalicia: ID IBEB 14V502 ty leg. (CML). cayo range is very close to Almazán, but and ID IBEB 14V503: Spain, Castilla y Almazán shares COI haplotypes with the León, Soria, Borobia, 1169 m, UTM 30T more distant Antimio de Arriba (León) and WM91, 19.VII.2014, Y. Monasterio & R. Genetic results the larvae are also similar. Escobés leg. (CFM). – ID IBEB 14V665, ID Molecular methods represent new tools IBEB 14V666 and ID IBEB 14V667: Cater- which are intensely improving the study Three C. escobesae samples sequenced dis- pillars each: [Spain], Castilla y León, So- and view of taxonomy. Mitochondrial play the same COI haplotype, but the ria, Almazán, 965 m, UTM 30T WL39, DNA in particular proved to be a valuable fourth is notably diverged from them 6.II.2014, O. Moreno leg. (CML). – ID character for highlighting cryptic diver- (eigth base substitutions, 1.2 %), even if it IBEB 14V504: [Spain,] Castilla y León, sity, which nevertheless needs to be cor- is from a population where the more com- Cembranos, 806 m, UTM 30T TN80, ca- roborated by independent data like nu- mon haplotype was also found (Sierra de terpillar 8.IV.2006, F. J. Gonzáles leg., e. clear markers, morphology or ecology. Jabalcuz, Los Villares, Jaén). Thus, it is l. 5.VIII.2006, Y. Monasterio cult. (CFM). From the COI phylogenetic tree we obtai- likely that substantial intraspecific varia- Sample proved to be invalid for DNA ned two clades, one corresponding to the bility will become evident when more study. – ID IBEB 14V670 and ID IBEB northern (Soria and León) and the other populations are studied, and a clearer pic- 14V671: Caterpillars each: [Spain, Castil- to the southern (Málaga and Jaén) popu- ture for the biogeographical history of the la y León, León, Antimio de Arriba, 858 m, lations. A deep minimum genetic diver- genus Chondrostegain the Iberian Penin- UTM 30T TN81, 22.IV.2014, D. Lapuente gence of 3.8 % between the two clades is sula may be obtained leg., 5.VIII.2006, Y. Monasterio cult. documented, which corresponds approxi- (CML). – ID IBEB 14V505: Spain, Castilla mately to two to three million years of Neotype of Chonstrostega y León, Ávila, Cerro de San Mateo, 1100 m, isolation based on typical mitochon- vandalicia (Millière, 1865) UTM 30T UL50, 26.VIII.1995, F. Aguilar drial substitution rates (Queck et al. leg. (CFM). Sample proved to be invalid 2014). This result supports our hypothesis Annotations on the type locality of C. van- for DNA study. regarding the existence of two Chondroste- dalicia and the designation of a neotype. ga species in the Iberian Peninsula with Chondrostega escobesae: ID IBEB 14V507: allopatric distributions. The original description from Millière Holotype, Spain, Andalucía, Málaga (Ron- provides no clear information about type da), Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Each clade displays some instraspecific locality of this species. In Millière only Pilones, 1750 m, UTM 30S UF16, 5. genetic variability. In fact, the two C. van- „Andalousie“ is mentioned. In particular IX.2014, C. Antonietty leg. (CFM, MWM/ dalicia specimens sequenced from the it is stated that the caterpillars were “rap- ZSM). – ID IBEB 14V506: Paratype, Spain, Moncayo region (Borobia population) portés d´Andalousie” and that the new Andalucía, Málaga (Ronda), Sierra de las differ lightly (one base substitution) from species was named as Bombyx vandalicia Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones, 1750 m, the rest. This suggests that this population “pour rappeler sa patrie”. The term vanda- UTM 30S UF16, 5.IX.2014, C. Antonietty has become isolated from the rest restre- licia (the geographical term „Vandalitien“, leg. (CFM, MWM/ZSM). – ID IBEB 14V668 latively recently, which could also explain or „Vandalucía“ in Spanish, is used in some and ID IBEB 14V669: Caterpillars each: why the larvae in this population also dif- older maps for Andalusia (Hübner 1693).

Tab. 1. Neighbour Joining tree of Iberian Chonstrostega Lederer, 1857 (Kimura 2 parameter, built with MEGA 5; cf. Tamura et al. 2007 [to cite]. Only ­barcodes [> 500 bp considered].

4 Josef J. de Freina, Yeray Monasterio León, Carlos Alberto Antonietty & Roger Vila, Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula

Plate II Figs 20–25. Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. Morphology of eggs (scanning electron micrographs). 20. Clutch. 21. Overall view. 22, 23. View of the chori- onhttp://www.google.de/url?source=transpromo&rs=rssf&q=//translate.google.com/community?source=all in different scales. 24, 25. Micropylar regi- on. – Figs 26–28. Eggclutches, Andalusia, Málaga (Ronda), Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones, 1750 m, 5.IX.2014 (Figs 26, 27) and 26.III.2014 (Fig. 28), leg. Antonietty (CFM). Figs 29–31. Female cocoon. 29. Closed. 30. Cocoon (opened) with female pupa (ventral view). 31. As Fig. 30, pupa, distal part with cremaster, enlarged. – Fig. 32. Pales processioneae (Ratzeburg, 1840), tachinid parasitic fly of C. escobesae sp. nov.

However, it seems that Millière made a Figueroa in 1886 in the same locality and by Staudinger found. Because of the lack mistake and the type material was actually were sent to Staudinger, who determined of type material and to make a comparison not from Andalusia. Indeed, Vázquez them as B[ombyx]. vandalicia (Vázquez with C. escobesae sp. nov. possible, a male Figueroa (1895) cites a letter he sent to Figueroa 1893). On the basis of these spe- neotype of C. vandalicia is designated on Staudinger where he explains that in Ap- cimens a subsequent description was ac- the basis of article 75 of the Code (ICZN ril 1862 he found four caterpillars in La tually made by Staudinger (1892: 258). 1999): Granja de San Ildefonso (Segovia). Speci- fied as similar to those of Saturnia pavo- No specimen from San Ildefonso exists in Neotype. `, “Spain, Castilla y Leon, Ávila, nia, Staudinger thought they were cater- the collection O. Staudinger (in ZMHU), Cerro de San Mateo, 1100 m, UTM 30T pillars of Saturnia isabellae (= Actias isa- but one male and three females, labelled UL50, 26.VIII.1995, F. Aguilar leg.” (Figs belae). Two of those caterpillars were sent „Castilia/Vazqu.“ and „Valladolid/1893, 11, 12). to Millière, from which the species Bom- Vazquez“ respectively. Only in the Pün- byx vandalicia was described. The first geler collection (in ZMHU) was a cater- The neotype is deposited in the CFM male adults were collected by Vázquez pillar from San Ildefonso 1899, prepared (MWM in Zoological State Collection Mu-

5 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld · 125 (4) 2015 nich). The recognition of the neotype, bial palp short, decurved, extending up to times as long as that of the male, finely selected from a locality near the type lo- vestiture of frons; scleotized canthus tri- biserrate; thinly ciliate; vertex, frons and cality is guaranteed by the colour illustra- ple-pointed with an extra long middle lobe labial palps as in the male; proboscis atro- tion of the upper- and underside, as well (Figs 1–4, 16–19). phied; vestiture appressed, reddish brown. as the labels of this (Figs 11, 12). Thorax vestiture similar to that of the Thorax. Vestiture extremely furry, entire- head; legs reduced, as long as those of ly brownish ochre; tegulae extending be- male. Abdomen reddish-brown with fine, Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. yond dorsum. Forewing length 12.9– short velvety hairs; tergites well sclero- Holotype. `, Andalucía, Málaga (Ronda), 13.6 mm (mean 13.2 mm; n = 3), length/ tized, ovipositor missing. Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones, width ratio averaging 2.1; ground colour 1750 m, UTM 30S UF16, 5.IX.2014, C. An- silky ochreous with a brown suffusion in Diagnosis. Considering the divergence in tonietty leg. (CFM; MWM/ZSM, BC the subbasal area and along the costa; up- the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I DNA-N° IBEB 14V507; Figs 1, 2). per side same as underside. Hindwing gene (COI) between north and south Ibe- identical in colour to the forewing, but rian populations, in combination with Paratypes. 2 `, same locality and data as with a darker brownish curved median morphological differences, the species Holotype (GPdF2014/27, BC DNA-N° IBEB band on the underside. status for C. escobesae seems adequate. We 14V506; IBEB; Figs 3, 4); 8 `, same local- also conclude that the differences in the ity as Holotype, but 18.VIII, 2015, leg. Y. Abdomen. Same ground colour as the tho- male genitalia, relatively minor but nev- Monasterio (CML); 1 `, Andalucía, Jaén, rax, ending in a bifid tuft. ertheless apparent, offer evidence to sup- Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, 1560 m, UTM port the division into various species. A 30S VG27, ex larva 26.VII.2014, C. Anto- Male genitalia. In C. vandalicia and C. esc- difference with regard to the shape of the nietty leg. et cult. (GPdF2014/28; IBEB; obesae sp. nov. highly simplified, with a uncus-tegumen-complex, mainly its ext- 1 ´ (Fig. 19) Andalucía, Jaén, Pico Jabal- fused uncus-tegumen-complex; uncus remely concave flanks, the concave notch cuz, Los Villares, UTM 30S VG27, ex larva short, compressed, thickened; phallus on the apical end of the uncus, the saccu- 16.VII.2007, Y. Monasterio León leg. et with bulbous basal portion; vesica not pro- lus and the phallus. cult. (CFM). nounced, not spiculate. Importantly, the canthus (frontal process Further evaluable material. 2 egg clutches In Chondrostega vandalicia. Uncus stron- of the forehead), a character traditionally (Figs 26, 27) from Andalucía, Málaga gly sclerotized, distally only slightly con- important for the taxonomy of the group, (Ronda), Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de cave, chisel-shaped, not longer than the is different in these species: visibly longer los Pilones, 1750 m, UTM 30S UF16, width of the base, laterally straight, broad- and more obviously triple toothed in 26.VII.2014, C. Antonietty leg. (CFM, ly smoothly joined to the wide tegument. C. vandalicia than in C. escobesae sp. nov. MWM/ZSM) plus some frozen larvae pre- Tegumen broadened proximally, some- (Figs 33–40). Despite the external sim­ served in absolute ethanol: Andalucía, what longer than wide, gnathos sclero- ilarity in colour and pattern, colour dif- Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, 1560 m, tized, pointed triangular to elliptical. Val- ferences between typical C. escobesae UTM 30S VG27, 13.III.2014, C. Antoniet- vae symmetrical, ligulate, with blunt tip. sp. nov. and C. vandalicia appear to ty leg. (CML) and Málaga (Ronda), Sierra Vinculum broadly rounded; sacculus occur. Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. is de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones, lanceolate. Phallus strongly curved, coe- largely distinguishable by the somewhat 1750 m, UTM 30S UF16, 26.III.2014, C. cum slightly enhanced, two fifth length of paler wing colouration and the more dif- Antonietty leg. (CML). the aedeagus, tapered distally (Figs 41, 42, fuse, less accentuated brownish subbasal see GPdF2014/25, GP2014/26). wing patterning. It should be noted, that Another egg clutch from Andalucía, Mála- older Chondrostega specimens tend to ga, Sierra de Almijara, Collado de los Car- In Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. (in dif- bleach out, which lightens the ground neros, Alhama de Granada/Canillas de ferential diagnosis to C. vandalicia) (Figs colour. Albaida, 1500 m, 19.VIII.2015, Y. Monas- 43, 44, see GPdF 2014/27, GPdF 2014/28). terio León leg. (CML). Uncus with a centred cuneiform notch dis- Finally, apart from intrapopulational di- tally, 1.5 times longer than the width of vergences in both species, we have found Etymology. The patronym acknowledges the base, bilaterally distinctly concave, a conspicuous colour difference between the merits of Ruth Escobés Jiménez, Lo- with intergradation to the twice as broad all the mature caterpillars of both species groño, for her entomological commitment tegumen. Tegumen on both sides curving that have been examined. Except for an in the documentation and conservation of and strongly concave, gnathos semicircu- unusual white larval morph in C. vandali- Spanish Lepidoptera, as well as her help lar. Vinculum relatively flat; sacculus slim- cia larvae, described and illustrated here in the study of this new species over many mer, more digitate. Phallus strongly cur- for the first time, the larvae in this species years. ved, broader than in C. vandalicia; coecum are tangerine in colour. In contrast, final- extremely enhanced, one third length of instar larvae of C. escobesae sp. nov. are Description. Male. Head. Vestiture dark the aedeagus, tapered distally. Regarding pale yellow. ochraceous; antenna bipectinate, not cili- the structure of the abdominal tergites/ ate, longest rami 0,35 length of antenna; sternites (Figs 41–44), no significant and Variability. There are only a few speci- eye round, with stout bristles; vertex, frons consistent difference is apparent. mens known and therefore the statements and labial palp furry, with long hairs; about variability are limited. Structurally, haustellum reduced and poorly scle- Female. Hypopterous and incapable of C. escobesae sp. nov. seems quite homoge- rotized, presumably non-functional; la- flight. Length ca. 20 mm; antennae 0.75 neous and there is only very little variation

6 Josef J. de Freina, Yeray Monasterio León, Carlos Alberto Antonietty & Roger Vila, Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula

Plate III Figs 33–36. Chondrostega vandalicia (Millière, 1865). Head (frons) with canthus, same data as neotype (Fig. 11). 33. Ventral view. 34. Canthus, dorsal. 35. Canthus, lateral. 36. Canthus, lateral, enlarged. – Figs 37–40. Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. Paratype, same data as Fig. 1. 37. Canthus, ventral. 38. Canthus, dorsal. 39. Canthus, lateral. 40. Canthus, lateral, enlarged. – Figs 41–44. Male genitalia (ventral view), phallus removed (lateral view) and ab- dominal sternites/tergites. 41, 42. Chondrostega vandalicia. 41. GPdF2014/25: Spain, Castilla y León, Soria, Borobia, 1169 m, 19.VII.2014, Y. Monasterio & R. Escobés leg. 42. GP2014/26: Spain, Castilla y León, Cembranos, 806 m, e. l. 5.VIII.2006, Y. Monasterio cult. (CFM). 43, 44. C. escobesae. sp. nov. 43. GPdF2014/27, Paratype, same data as Fig. 3. 44. GPdF2014/28: Andalucía, Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, 1560 m, ex larva 26.VII.2014, C. Antonietty leg. et cult. in both colour and size. One specimen brownish shade are previously only known November to April, while those of C. esc- tends to be paler with faint markings, ac- for C. vandalicia. obesae sp. nov. should probably should be cording to the infrasubspecific variety found up to May, as we found half-grown “ab.” pujoli Fernández, 1948 in C. vandali- Larva. Larvae are solitary from the first L3 larvae in late March (on 26th). Also on cia. Well-marked individuals with a instar; C. vandalica larvae are found from Jabaluz L3 to L5 caterpillars were col-

7 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld · 125 (4) 2015 lected early to mid-March. Although C. region. another habitat in Andalucía, between vandalicia caterpillars can be found both Granada and Málaga provinces: Collado on the ground and perched on stems, C. The larval foodplants of C. vandalicia are de los Carneros, Alhama de Granada/Ca- escobesae sp. nov. larvae were always mainly grass species such as Nardus stric- nillas de Albaida, UTM 30S VF18, egg found feeding on low plants on the ground ta, Festuca spp., aristatum cluster 19.VIII.2015, Y. Monasterio León at the base of sunlit grass tufts, never on and other species belonging to the Poace- leg. (CFM). the stems, feeding on low plants. They ae (Fernández 1948), but also some from were more abundant in sunlit areas pro- other families such as Hypochaeris radi- The Puerto de los Pilones (1750 m) is a tected from the wind by the angle of the cata, Artemisia campestris, Cichorium en- mountain pass located near the town of terrain rocks or shrubs. divium (Asteraceae), Cytisus multiflorus, Ronda, Málaga, in Sierra de las Nieves Astragalus spp. (Fabacea) (Corley et al. Natural Park (Figs 66–68) The park and As previously mentioned, there are noti- 2009), Raphanus spp., Capsella spp. (Bras- its surroundings are situated in a moun- ceable differences in the colouring of C. sicaceae), Plantago spp. (Plantaginaceae) tain range of the same name, which is escobesae sp. nov. and C. vandalicia larvae. or Thapsia garganica (Apiaceae). It is formed mainly of metamorphosed lime- Both, when alarmed, curl themselves up worth noting that most of these foodplants stone and marl. The locality lies at the to form a ring, so that the warning colou- were reported in captivity. limit between upper supra-Mediterranean ration of the hairs in this defence position and oro-Mediterranean bioclimatic belts becomes conspicuous. Chondrostega escobesae is polyphagous on in a high-precipitation zone (Nieto et al. various low plants. Most of the larvae in 1991; Cabezudo et al. 1998). The vegeta- Hairs and red verrucae of C. escobesae the Jabalcuz population were found feed- tion belongs to the Abieto pinsapo-Juni- sp. nov. larvae of the two last instars are ing sheltered into Festuca scariosa (Poace- peretum sabinae Pérez Latorre & Cabe- more pronounced than in previous instars ae). Other low plants the larvae were ob- zudo association (Pérez et al. 1998, Cabe- (when they are translucent pale yellow). served feeding on are Verbascum gigante- zudo & Pérez 1999), although larvae are The colour of the soft hairs is mostly sil- um (Scrophulariaceae), Asphodelus. ramo- more common in pasture areas surround- very white or yellowish in the last instar, sus (Asphodelaceae), Erodium spp. (Gera- ed by low thorny shrubs as Astragalus ne- with subdorsal and lateral setae mixed in, niaceae) and Centaurea granatensis vadensis (Fabaceae), Bupleurum fruti- somewhat yellow subventrally and ven- (Asteraceae). In captivity, larvae showed cescens subsp. spinosum (Umbelliferae) trally. In contrast, caterpillars of C. vanda- an intense phototropism and became high- and Erinacea anthyllis (Fabaceae), which licia are blackish, with the soft hairs dor- ly active under direct sunlight. With re- are not predominant plants of this associ- sally and laterally, typically a rich yel- spect to food plants, they accepted a vari- ation. lowish orange in the last instar, somewhat ety of species not present in their original tangerine subventrally and ventrally. The habitat such as Echium plantagineum (Bor- Jabalcuz peak (1614 m) is a mountain lo- tubercles are red and bear a tuft of short aginaceae), Plantago lanceolata, Plantago cated four kilometre southwest of the city black bristles (see also Gómez de Aizpúrua lagopus (Plantaginaceae), Punica grana- of Jaén, in the Sierra de Jabalcuz (Figs 1988, 2002). The last instar of the C. van- tum (Lythraceae), Populus spp. (Salicace- 63–65). The area is composed of Jurassic dalicia larva is occasionally dichromatic. ae), Lactuca virosa (Asteraceae) and sev- and Cretacic calcareous materials, al- eral species of . though the peak is of Jurassic origin only In addition to the typical form already de- (Ortuño 2003). As with the habitat at the scribed, a creamy white morph has been Pupa. The chrysalis of C. escobesae is Puerto de los Pilones this site is also locat- found twice and is illustrated here for the brown and is enclosed in a brown ovoid ed in the supra-Mediterranean bioclimat- first time (Figs 53, 54). This white variant cocoon, which consists of a single layer, ic belt (see Consejería de Medio Ambi- seems to appear occasinally within the the larval setae remain attached. Pupation ente 2004). At the summit, the vegetation Cáceres-Toledo populations (A. Blázquez takes place on the surface of the ground, belongs to the Erinaceetosum-Anthyllidis and C. Gómez de Aizpúrua, pers. comm.). usually within dead leaves and detritus, sub-association within the Santolino-Salvi- We know about two sightings, one from or half buried into the ground. etum oxyodonti association on the north Cáceres and another from an imprecise face and the Campanulo-Festucetum scari- location in the province of Toledo, which Ecology. We provide here the characteris- osae association on the south face could refer to the northern limit between tics of the type locality Puerto de los Pi- (Fernández López et. al. 1984). Stunted the two provinces, such that both occuren- lones (Málaga), the habitat in the Sierra Quercus ilex ssp. ballota occur sporadically, ces may well belong to the same popula- de Jabalcuz (Jaén), which should also be as a consequence of climatic adaption. The tion. This colour form could be a genetic considered representative for this species, fact that the south-facing slpoes at the feature of C. vandalicia populations in this and as a result of investigation in 2015 summit are used for grazing sheep has re-

Plate IV Figs 45–49. Comparative presentation of the adult larva, dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 45. Chondrostega vandalicia (typical form). Population Castilla y León, León, Antimio de Arriba, 858 m (see Figs 57–60). 46. Dto. (typical form). Population Castilla y León, Soria, Almazán, 965 m. 47. Dto. (slightly di- vergent). Population Castilla y León, Soria, Borobia, SW area of the Sierra del Moncayo,1169 m (see Figs 61, 62). 48. Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. Po- pulation Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, 1560 m. 49. Dto. Population Malaga, Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones, 1750 m. – Figs 50–52. Chon- drostega vandalicia. Adult larva, typical form. 50: Castilla y León, Cembranos, 806 m, 8.IV.2006. 51. Malanquilla (Zaragoza), 23.II.2011 (foto A. Murria Beltràn. 52. Madrid, unknown date (foto C. G. de Aizpúrua). – Figs 53, 54. Chondrostega vandalicia. Adult larva on food- Hypochaeris, white form, Toledo (foto C. G. de Aizpúrua). – Figs 55, 56. Chondrostega escobesae sp. nov. Adult larva. 55. Málaga, Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones (Ron- da), 26.III.2014 (see Figs 66–68). 56. Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares 8.II.2006 (see Figs 63–65).

8 Josef J. de Freina, Yeray Monasterio León, Carlos Alberto Antonietty & Roger Vila, Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula

9 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld · 125 (4) 2015 sulted in an increase of nitrophilous plant the Puerto de Malgagón (San Lorenzo del the upper parts of the tallest plants, pre- species such as Asphodelus ramosus. On Escorial, Segovia). dominantly non-host plants. Most of them this mountain Chondrostega escobesae is were found on the flower stems of Bupleu- apparently restricted to the grassy, her- This means that, although both C. vanda- rum fruticescens ssp. spinosum (Apiaceae) baceous habitat of the southern face, whe- lica and C. escobesae sp. nov. probably re- or Helichrysum serotinum (Asteraceae). re there is snowfall almost every year and quire relatively similar temperature and The eggs (Figs 20–25) are fairly elongated it is not steep. rainfall conditions, they may show diver- ovals, poles flattened, with little surface gent features of niche exploitation pattern sculpturing; micropyle blackish brown, The Collado de los Carneros (1508 m) is on closer examination. Records for C. esc- ochreous, not becoming darker prior to placed in the Sierra de Almijara, on the obesae sp. nov. from the Sierra de las hatching. Hatching takes place from late boundary between Granada and Málaga Nieves are the most southerly thus far October to late November about 30–45 and inside the Sierras de Tejeda, Almijara reported for the entire genus in the Iberian days after oviposition. y Alhama Natural Park.. It is a calcareous Peninsula, as well as the highest locations area where the habitat is located between in this region, at 1750 metres above sea Distribution. It must be strongly empha- the meso-Mediterranean and supra-Med- level. sized that the distributions of both species iterranean bioclimatic belts. The vegeta- are still insuficiently known. However, C. tion belongs to the Cistoclusii-Ulicetum Nevertheless, the lower altitudinal range escobesae appears to have evolved in geo- rivasgodayanii Nieto Caldera y Cabe- of C. escobesae sp. nov. in some parts of graphical isolation in the southern half of zudo association (Nieto Caldera, Cabe- Andalusia is similar to that of C. vandalicia the Iberian Peninsula and evidently it does zudo y Trigo 1989), where the main plant in the centre and north of the Iberian Pen- not interbreed with C. vandalicia. is Ulex parviflorus subsp. rivasgodayanus. insula. This is the case of several popula- The eggs cluster was found at the edge of tions in the province of Granada, which The first well-documented populations of a pasture area where the most common are located at around 800 m.above sea C. escobesae were reported from the Sierra plants where Eryngium grosii (Apiaceae), level (Pérez López 1993). The prevailing de Parapanda and Sierra de Elvira (Grana- Phlomis crinita subsp. malacitana (Lami- bioclimatic belt in this zone is the dry da) (Pérez López 1993, Fuentes García aceae), Onobrychis sp. (Fabaceae), Lavan- Meso-Mediterranean lower belt (Rivas- et al. 1999). Later its presence in the prov- dula lanata (Lamiaceae) or Thymus baeti- Martínez 2011), which makes these pop- ince of Jaén was published (Monasterio cus (Lamiaceae). The eggs were laid on ulations good candidates for further stud- León 2007). Finally, Martinez García dried flower stem of this last species. ies to explore possible ecological differen- (2012) and López-Tirado et al. (2012) ces. reported the presence of the species in It seems that the populations are strongly Málaga. There is also an imprecise record associated with bioclimatic belts at the Ethology & biology. The life history and from the Sierra Norte in the province of upper the supra-Mediterranean level and the habitat requirements of the C. vandali- Sevilla (Gomez Bustillo & Fernández- above. The location of these belts, as with cia group have been only imperfectly as- Rubio 1976) that, in the case of it being any bioclimatic zone, varies with latitude certained based solely on C. vandalicia confirmed, would represent the oldest and altitude, with an inverse relationship populations from the northern half of published record for C. escobesae. between these two parameters (Rivas- Spain. The phenology of C. escobesae is not Martínez 2011). Thus, although the su- substantially different from C. vandalicia. Although at present we do not have adult pra-Mediterranean bioclimatic belt is Chondrostega escobesae is a univoltine spe- males from Granada, we tentatively as- mainly associated with mountain peaks in cies, taking approximately 9–10 months sume that those Andalusian populations southern areas, it is also found distributed to develop from egg to pupa. Based on belong to this new species, and that it may along steppes, plateaux or badlands current data, adult males are on the wing also occur in other places throughout around 1000 metres above sea level in from early August to mid-September. They southern Spain. central and northern areas of the Iberian are weak fliers, flying low over herbage Peninsula. Both C. vandalica and C. esco- and hiding in short vegetation. In the stud- By contrast, C. vandalicia is known from besae sp. nov. mainly colonize this type of ies carried out at the type locality at the the northern and central Spanish provinc- herbaceous badland and steppe habitat. Puerto de los Pilones, male adults were es. Millière initially indicated the Ebro However, the cold-temperate alpine bio- captured at light between 21.00 and River as the northern limit and the south topes in which the Iberian endemic C. es- 23.00. The males were not directly attract- of the province of Madrid as the southern cobesae sp. nov. can be found, do not cor- ed to light bulbs or UV tubes, but remained limit for the species. There are references respond with those that C. vandalicia usu- in the trap surroundings. It is not known published in magazines and pictures on ally occupies. The latter is not a montane whether they are also active at dusk and the Internet confirming its presence in the species in the strict sense. It is present at dawn. provinces of Ávila, Zamora, León, Burgos, predominantly in a zone between 700 and Salamanca, Segovia, Valladolid, Madrid, 1100 metres. We know of just one higher The female arrange their eggs close- Cáceres, Castellón, Zaragoza, Cuenca, locality, at 1500 metres above sea level at ly coiled around plant stems, mainly on Teruel and Guadalajara (Márquez

Plate V Figs 57–62. Habitats of Chondrostega vandalicia (Millière, 1865). 57–60. León, Antimio de Arriba, 858 m, 22.IV.2014 (foto D. Lapuente), (Fig. 60 inset shows the larva enlarged). 61, 62. Soria, Borobia, SW area of the Sierra del Moncayo, 1169 m, 1.II.2014. – Figs 63–68. Habitats of C. escobesae sp. nov. 63–65. Jaén, Pico Jabalcuz, Los Villares, 1560 m, 16.III.2005 (Fig. 54) and 13.III.2014 (Figs 55, 56). 66–68. Málaga (Ronda), Sierra de las Nieves, Puerto de los Pilones, 1750 m (type locality), 26.III.2014 (Figs 57, 58) and 5.IX.2014 (Fig. 59).

10 Josef J. de Freina, Yeray Monasterio León, Carlos Alberto Antonietty & Roger Vila, Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula

11 Entomologische Zeitschrift · Schwanfeld · 125 (4) 2015

Figueroa 1893, 1895; Fernández 1948; helpful in tracing literature, Hans-Peter de Freina, J. J. & Witt, T. J. 1987. Die Bombyces Gómez Bustillo & Fernández-Rubio Tschorsnig, State Museum of Natural und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepi- 1976; García-Barros 1981; Gómez de History Stuttgart, Germany, determined doptera) Vol. 1 (Nolidae, Arctiidae, Syntomidae, Dilobidae, Lymantriidae, Notodontidae, Thau- Aizpurua 1988; 2002; Magro 1990; Pe- the Tachinid parasites, Wolfram Mey metopoeidae, Thyretidae, Axiidae, Drepanidae, rez de Gregorio et al. 2001; Novoa et al. (ZMHU), provided data of the O. Thytiridae, Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Endro- 2002; Jambrina et al. 2008; Blázquez Staudinger-collection, Roland Gerst- midae, Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Saturniidae, 2008, 2014; Murria-Beltrán 2012; Ma- meier, Munich Technical University, sup- Sphingidae). 708 pp., 47 Farbtafeln. Edition gro & Jambrina 2013). We also provide ported with electron micrographs. Teresa Forschung & Wissenschaft, München. Fernández, A. 1948. Contribución al conocimien- data from Soria, confirming its presence Farino, Potes and Martin Corley, Far- to de la biologia del lasiocámpido Chondrostega in all provinces of the autonomous region ingdon, we thank for linguistic improve- vandalusica Mill. (Lepidóp. Heteróc.), y des- of Castilla y León. In addition, C. vandali- ments. Diego Martínez and Andrés Ma- cription de una forma nueva. Revista de la Real cia has been reported from northern and drid, forest guards from the Diputación de Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales central Portugal (Parque Biológico de Vin- Jaén and the Sierra de las Nieves Natural 42: 117–121. hais, Trás-os-Montes near Morais, Serra Park respectively, helped us to access the Fernández López, C., Carballo Mejías, A., & Guixá Tobar, R. 1984. Vegetación natural de da Gardunha) (Mendes 1903; Corley et study areas. We would like to thank the Jabalcuz-La Pandera (Jaén). Blancoana 2:17– al. 2009). Electron Microscopy Service from CITIUS 37. centre, University of Seville, Spain, in Fuentes García, F. J. (Coord.), Barreda Rivas, Parasitoids. Chondrostega spp. larvae are whose installations were taken the elec- J. M., Cobos García, F. M., Fernández Sevilla, often parasitized by tachinid flies and Uc- tron micrographs illustrated in this work, E., Fernández de Córdova Villegas, J., Go- lesia fumipennis is known as a host of C. and especially the laboratory technicians mariz Cerezo, G., Gonella Gómez, C. R., Huertas Dionisio, M., Machado Aragonés, vandalicia (Fernández 1948). Chon- Asunción Fernández, Cristina Vaquero J., Pérez López, F. J., Rendón Medrano, J. M. strostega escobesae larvae are parasitized and José María Sanabria, for the support & Verdugo Paez, A. 1999. Lepidópteros de An- by Pales processioneae (Ratzeburg, 1840) and guidance given in the SEM field. Fi- dalucía. II parte - Lasiocampidae, Bombycidae, (Fig. 32). Pales spp. lay microtype eggs nally we wish to thank the Consejería de Lemoniidae y Saturniidae. Boletín de la Sociedad that are swallowed by the caterpillar du- Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucía Entomológica Cordobesa, Suplemento 7: 41–89. García-Barros, E. 1981. Citas nuevas o de interés ring feeding. The parasite–host relation- and Consejería de Medio Ambiente de la para la provincia de Guadalajara. SHILAP Revi- ship between Pales processioneae and the Junta de Castilla y León for providing the sta de Lepidopterología 9:289–290. genus Chondrostega Led. has never previ- authors with the necessary licenses to Gavira Romero, O.; Pérez Latorre, A.; Cabezu- ously been reported. carry out the field work. Funding for this do, B.; Navas Fernández, D. & Caballero, G. research was provided by the Spanish Min- 2004. Vegetación del Parque Natural de las Acknowledgements. The authors thank isterio de Economía y Competitividad Sierras Tejeda, Almijara y Alhama (Málaga-Gra- nada, España). Acta Botánica Malacitana 29: Oscar Moreno Iriondo, Logroño, Pedro (Project CGL2013-48277-P). 117–190 Muñoz Gómez, Ruben Cándido del Cam- Gómez de Aizpúrua, C. 1988. Biologia y morfolo- po, Laura Encabo, Sandra Álvarez, gia de las orugas. Tomo VI: Syssphingidae-Satur- Javier Dueña, all from Soria, who sup- Literature niidae-Endromidae-Lasiocampidae-Drepani- plied breeding material from the Almazán Aue, A. U. E. 1933. Handbuch für den praktischen dae-Thyatiridae-Notodontidae-Hypsidae. Boletin Entomologen, Vol. 4,. 180 pp. Verlag des Inter- locality (Soria, Spain). For habitat photos de Sanidad Vegetal, fuera de serie no 12 : 248 pp. nationalen Entomologischen Vereins, Frankfurt Gómez de Aizpúrua, C. 2002. Orugas y mariposas and caterpillars from Antimio de Arriba, am Main [C. vandalicia Mill. S. 10]. de Europa, Tomo IV, Heterocera. 237 pp. Editado León we thank David Lapuente Pinilla, Blázquez, A. 2008. Nuevos datos sobre la fauna Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales, Ma- Logroño, and for her help in field work for de Macroheterocera de la provincia de Cáceres drid. searching for caterpillars in Borobia (So- (España) V (Insecta: Lepidoptera). – SHILAP Gómez Bustillo, M. R. & Fernández-Rubio, F. ria) Belén Jiménez Fadrique (Logroño). Revista de Lepidopterología 36 (142): 155–172. 1976. Mariposas de la Península Ibérica, He- Blázquez, A. 2014. Análisis de la información teróceros I Vol III”. Servicio de Publicaciones del We are grateful to Enrique & Álvaro conocida sobre los lepidópteros de Cáceres (Es- Ministerio de Agricultura, Madrid. Murria Beltràn, Aineto, Huesca, Spain paña), con aportación de nuevos datos. Arqui- Hübner, J.[ohann, sic!], 1693. Kurtze Fragen aus for providing a caterpillar photo from vos Entomolóxicos 11: 3–130. der alten und neuen Geographie. Gleditsch, Zaragoza and for indicating the Moncayo Cabezudo, B. & Pérez, A. 1999. Notas sobre la Leipzig, 2. Auflage, 762 S. + [63] Bl. habitat. José Antonio García-Alamá, vegetación de Andalucía I. Acta Botánica Mala- ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Madrid, sent us some specimens from citana 24: 247–256. Nomenclature] 1999. International Code of Cabezudo, B., Pérez Latorre, A. V., Navas, P., Zoological Nomenclature, fourth edition, adopt- Ávila, captured by Fernando Aguilar (†), Gil, Y. & Navas, D. 1998. Parque Natural de la ed by the International Union of Biological Sci- one of which has been labelled as the neo- Sierra de las Nieves, Cartografía y Evaluación de ences. London (International Trust for Zoo- type. Ángel Martínez García, Malaga, la Flora y Vegetación, Memoria 1998. 367 pp. logical Nomenclature, BMNH), xxix + 306 pp. sent us some caterpillars from Málaga. Edición Departamento de Biología Vegetal de Available in the WWW under www.iczn.org/ Javier Pérez López, Huelva, sent us some la Universidad de Málaga. iczn/index.jsp. Corley, F. V., Marabuto, E., Maravalhas, E., literature and shared with us locations Jambrina, J. A., Garretas V. A. & Calzada, A. Pires, P. & Cardoso, J. P. 2009. New and inte- 2008. Adiciones al catálogo de la fauna de from Granada. Carlos Gómez de resting Portuguese Lepidoptera records from lepidópteros de Zamora, con nuevos registros Aizpúrua, Madrid sent us the white C. 2008 (Insecta: Lepidoptera)). SHILAP Revista de heteróceros para Castilla y León (España) vandalicia larvae morph pictures from his de Lepidopterologia 37 (148). 463–484. (Lepidopera). Boletín Sociedad Entomológica archive, and Ángel Blázquez, Cáceres, Consejería de Medio ambiente 2004. Modelos de Aragonesa 42: 257–260. informed us about the presence of this Restauración Forestal. Vol I. Datos Botánicos Leraut, P. 2006. Lasiocampidae. S. 66–87 in. aplicados a la gestión del medio natural andaluz Moths of Europe, Vol. 1. 396 pp. N. A. P. Editions, white morph in the north of Cáceres. Mar- I: Bioclimatología y Biogeografía. Junta de An- Verrières le Buisson. tin Corley, Faringdon, Great Britain, and dalucía. Seville. ISBN: 84-95785-97-8. López-Tirado, J., Obregón, R. & Hidalgo, P. J. Wolfgang Speidel (ZSM), have been

12 Josef J. de Freina, Yeray Monasterio León, Carlos Alberto Antonietty & Roger Vila, Notes on Chondrostega in the Iberian Peninsula

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