Colletotrichum Coccodes Pathosystem

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Colletotrichum Coccodes Pathosystem VEL VETLEAF - COLLETOTRICHUM COCCODES PATHOSYSTEM: MOLECULAR MONITORING OF THE PATHOGEN AND GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS DURING PLANT PATHOGEN INTERACTION by Amélie L. Dauch A thesis submitted to the Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies Office in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Science Department of Plant Science, McGiII University, Montreal Quebec, Canada © Amélie L. Dauch, April 2006 Library and Bibliothèque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-27768-3 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-27768-3 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans loan, distribute and sell th es es le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, électronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. ln compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privée, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont été enlevés de cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. ••• Canada ABSTRACT Colletotrichum coccodes strain DAOM 183088 is considered a potential bioherbicide for velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), a devastating weed in North American corn and soybeans. Risk assessment studies have created a demand for an accurate and robust method to monitor this strain, and to distinguish it from indigenous background population of microorganisms present in the field. Safe biological control management of velvetleaf also requires comprehensive understanding of the pathogenicity determinants employed by this host-specifie fun gus to establish infection on velvetleaf, an aspect central to a safe biocontrol strategy task. In this study, molecular markers were designed that al10w strain specifie identification of the bioherbicide strain of C. coccodes and its identification within complex plant and soil matrices. An assay was developed to quantify C. coccodes from deliberate release field soil samples, in which biases caused by soil-originating PCR inhibitors were monitored on a sample per sample basis. The developed external control assay allowed for the estimation of target C. coccodes DNA quantities with normalization for the presence of PCR inhibitory compounds. Kinetic growth curves of disease development were performed for C. coccodes wild-type and T20-a (genetically engineered for hypervirulence with the NEP] (necrosis and ethylene inducing peptide) gene) strains on velvetleaf leaves over a period of 14 days after C. coccodes infection. The wild-type strain was more efficient at infecting velvetleaf than the transgenic T-20a strain, while expression of NEP] could not be detected suggesting that the introduced gene ii may not be transcriptionally active in the transformed strain, a result in conflict with previous observations. Velvetleaf and C. coccodes genes specifically up­ regulated at 12 and 24 h after fungal infection were cloned and differentially screened by microarrays. The resulting EST collection was sequenced and assigned to putative functions. Early gene up-regulation was confirmed by QRT­ PCR analysis for type 3 metallothionein, EREB, WRKY, and bZIP transcription factors, reticuline oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and ACC oxidase gene candidates. In addition, type 2, type 3 metallothionein, and bZIP gene expression profiles were investigated over a period of 14 days after C. coccodes infection, and the results indicated that C. coccodes altered the expression of aIl three gene analyzed. 111 RÉSUMÉ Le Colletotrichum coccodes (DAOM 183088) est un agent de lutte biologique (ALB) contre l'Abutilon (Abutilon theophrasti), une mauvaise herbe problématique pour les cultures de sOJa et de maïs en Amérique du Nord. L'évaluation des risques liés à la libération du C. coccodes en champs requiert un outil performant permettant le suivi environnemental de l' ALB. La compréhension des mécanismes de pathogénicité et de résistance est également un aspect crucial de la lutte biologique contre l'Abutilon. Des amorces de PCR spécifiques au seul isolat pathogène de l'Abutilon ont été développées et ont permis la détection du C. coccodes dans différents sols et plantes d'Abutilon. Un contrôle externe a également été élaboré de façon à pouvoir quantifier l' ALB dans des sols provenant de champs traités avec l' ALB tout en normalisant, pour chacun des échantillons analysés, les quantités d'ALB aux contenus en inhibiteurs de PCR. La croissance de 2 isolats de C. coccodes, sauvage et T-20a (transformé génétiquement avec le gène NEP 1 (necrosis and ethylene inducing peptide) à des fins de virulence accrue), a été suivie sur les feuilles d' Abutilon pendant 14 jours suivant l'infection des champignons. Le C. coccodes T-20a était moins virulent que le C. coccodes sauvage, et l'expression du gène NEP 1 n'a pu être détectée chez le T -20a, ce qui suggère que le transgène ne soit plus transcriptionnellement actif chez cet isolat. Les gènes du C. coccodes et de l' Abutilon sur-exprimés 12 et 24 h après l'infection du C. coccodes ont été clonés par SSH, analysés grâce à un criblage différentiel par biopuces, puis séquencés et leurs fonctions identifiées. La sur-expression des gènes de métallothioneine de type 3, facteurs de transcription iv EREB, WRKY, et bZIP, réticuline oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, et ACC oxidase, 12 et 24 h après l'infection du C. coccodes, a été confinnée par PCR en temps réel. L'étude de l'expression des gènes de métallothioneine de types 2 et 3, et du facteur de transcription bZIP sur une période de 14 jours suivant l'infection du C. coccodes a également permis de démontrer que le champignon affectait l'expression de ces 3 gènes chez l'Abutilon. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 would like to express my gratitude and sincere acknowledgments to my supervisor, Dr. Suha Jabaji-Hare, whose expertise, understanding, and patience, added considerably to my graduate experience. 1 appreciate her knowledge and skills in many areas, and her assistance in writing reports (i.e., proposais, scholarship applications and this thesis) from which 1 preciously benefited. 1 would like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr. Alan Watson, Dr. Brian DriscoIl, and Dr. Marc Fortin for the assistance they provided at allievels of the research project. 1 would like to thank Dr. Philippe Seguin for taking time out from his busy schedule to help me with statistical analysis in chapters IV and V. Many thanks go to aIl Funlab fellows, in particular to Kui Wen, Danielle Morissette, Greg Taylor, Daniel Rivard, and Paula Cook, whose friendship and support greatly helped throughout these years. 1 would like to acknowledge Priscilla Barcial who provided plant and soil samples (chapter III), Sophie St-Louis for her technical assistance in soil sampling (chapter IV) and Dr. Byeongseok Ahn who performed C. coccodes velvetleaf disease severity trials (chapter V). The technical assistance of Paula Cook during chapter V experiments is greatly acknowledged. 1 thank Julie Beaulieu for her help in stand-alone blast analyses and Brian Driscoll for helping in the phylogeny analyses (chapter VI). Sincere acknowledgments go to Kui Wen for aIl the time vi she devoted to me, for her technical assistance in RNA extractions and statistical analyses. 1 must also acknowledge Dr. G. TeBeest (University of Arkansas, Arkansas, USA), Dr. G. Lazarovitz (SCFRC, AAFC, London, Ontario), and Dr. Carolyn E. Babcock (Canadian Collection of Fungal Cultures, AAFC, Ottawa, Ontario) who generously provided sorne of the Colletotrichum strains that have been used in chapter III. 1 recognize that this research would not have been possible without the financial assistance of FQRNT (Fonds québécois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies)-IRDA (Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement) collaborative program (chapters III, IV; Dr Watson and Dr. Jabaji-Hare), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC operating grant, chapter IV; NSERC biocontrol network grant, chapter IV and VI; NSERC discovery grant, chapter V and VI; Dr. Jabaji-Hare), the Department of Plant Science (teaching assistantships), the Canadian Phytopathological Society (travel awards), the Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental
Recommended publications
  • Colletotrichum – Names in Current Use
    Online advance Fungal Diversity Colletotrichum – names in current use Hyde, K.D.1,7*, Cai, L.2, Cannon, P.F.3, Crouch, J.A.4, Crous, P.W.5, Damm, U. 5, Goodwin, P.H.6, Chen, H.7, Johnston, P.R.8, Jones, E.B.G.9, Liu, Z.Y.10, McKenzie, E.H.C.8, Moriwaki, J.11, Noireung, P.1, Pennycook, S.R.8, Pfenning, L.H.12, Prihastuti, H.1, Sato, T.13, Shivas, R.G.14, Tan, Y.P.14, Taylor, P.W.J.15, Weir, B.S.8, Yang, Y.L.10,16 and Zhang, J.Z.17 1,School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chaing Rai, Thailand 2Research & Development Centre, Novozymes, Beijing 100085, PR China 3CABI, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK 4Cereal Disease Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1551 Lindig Street, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA 5CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands 6School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada 7International Fungal Research & Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailongsi, Kunming 650224, PR China 8Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand 9BIOTEC Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NSTDA, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand 10Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006 PR China 11Hokuriku Research Center, National Agricultural Research Center,
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Currently Accepted Species of Colletotrichum
    Mycosphere 7(8) 1192-1260(2016) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/si/2c/9 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Notes on currently accepted species of Colletotrichum Jayawardena RS1,2, Hyde KD2,3, Damm U4, Cai L5, Liu M1, Li XH1, Zhang W1, Zhao WS6 and Yan JY1,* 1 Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China 2 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 3 Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 4 Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany 5State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China 6Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Damm U, Cai L, Liu M, Li XH, Zhang W, Zhao WS, Yan JY 2016 – Notes on currently accepted species of Colletotrichum. Mycosphere 7(8) 1192–1260, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/si/2c/9 Abstract Colletotrichum is an economically important plant pathogenic genus worldwide, but can also have endophytic or saprobic lifestyles. The genus has undergone numerous revisions in the past decades with the addition, typification and synonymy of many species. In this study, we provide an account of the 190 currently accepted species, one doubtful species and one excluded species that have molecular data. Species are listed alphabetically and annotated with their habit, host and geographic distribution, phylogenetic position, their sexual morphs and uses (if there are any known).
    [Show full text]
  • The Colletotrichum Destructivum Species Complex – Hemibiotrophic Pathogens of Forage and field Crops
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 79: 49–84. The Colletotrichum destructivum species complex – hemibiotrophic pathogens of forage and field crops U. Damm1*, R.J. O'Connell2, J.Z. Groenewald1, and P.W. Crous1,3,4 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2UMR1290 BIOGER-CPP, INRA-AgroParisTech, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France; 3Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; 4Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands *Correspondence: U. Damm, [email protected], Present address: Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany. Abstract: Colletotrichum destructivum is an important plant pathogen, mainly of forage and grain legumes including clover, alfalfa, cowpea and lentil, but has also been reported as an anthracnose pathogen of many other plants worldwide. Several Colletotrichum isolates, previously reported as closely related to C. destructivum, are known to establish hemibiotrophic infections in different hosts. The inconsistent application of names to those isolates based on outdated species concepts has caused much taxonomic confusion, particularly in the plant pathology literature. A multilocus DNA sequence analysis (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, HIS3, ACT, TUB2) of 83 isolates of C. destructivum and related species revealed 16 clades that are recognised as separate species in the C. destructivum complex, which includes C. destructivum, C. fuscum, C. higginsianum, C. lini and C. tabacum. Each of these species is lecto-, epi- or neotypified in this study. Additionally, eight species, namely C. americae- borealis, C. antirrhinicola, C. bryoniicola, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Colletotrichum: Biological Control, Bio- Catalyst, Secondary Metabolites and Toxins
    Mycosphere 7(8) 1164-1176(2016) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/si/2c/7 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Mycosphere Essay 16: Colletotrichum: Biological control, bio- catalyst, secondary metabolites and toxins Jayawardena RS1,2, Li XH1, Liu M1, Zhang W1 and Yan JY1* 1 Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China 2 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Jayawardena RS, Li XH, Liu M, Zhang W, Yan JY 2016 – Mycosphere Essay 16: Colletotrichum: Biological control, bio-catalyst, secondary metabolites and toxins. Mycosphere 7(8) 1164–1176, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/si/2c/7 Abstract The genus Colletotrichum has received considerable attention in the past decade because of its role as an important plant pathogen. The importance of Colletotrichum with regard to industrial application has however, received little attention from scientists over many years. The aim of the present paper is to explore the importance of Colletotrichum species as bio-control agents and as a bio-catalyst as well as secondary metabolites and toxin producers. Often the names assigned to the above four industrial applications have lacked an accurate taxonomic basis and this needs consideration. The current paper provides detailed background of the above topics. Key words – biotransformation – colletotrichin – mycoherbicide – mycoparasites – pathogenisis – phytopathogen Introduction Colletotrichum was introduced by Corda (1831), and is a coelomycete belonging to the family Glomerellaceae (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016). Species of this genus are widely known as pathogens of economical crops worldwide (Cannon et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonization of Potato by Colletotrichum Coccodes: Effect of Soil Infestation and Seed Tuber and Foliar Inoculation
    This article is from the July 2010 issue of published by The American Phytopathological Society For more information on this and other topics related to plant pathology, we invite you to visit APSnet at www.apsnet.org Colonization of Potato by Colletotrichum coccodes: Effect of Soil Infestation and Seed Tuber and Foliar Inoculation J. S. Pasche, R. J. Taylor, and N. C. Gudmestad, Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58102 often occurs in conjunction with these ABSTRACT diseases. Co-infection with V. dahliae has Pasche, J. S., Taylor, R. J., and Gudmestad, N. C. 2010. Colonization of potato by Colleto- been shown to result in greater reductions trichum coccodes: Effect of soil infestation and seed tuber and foliar inoculation. Plant Dis. than observed with either pathogen alone 94:905-914. (51). Although yield losses of up to 30% due to black dot have been documented, it Colonization of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tissue, including roots, stolons, and above and has proven difficult to reproduce these below ground stems, by Colletotrichum coccodes, the causal agent of black dot, was evaluated losses across growing seasons under field following soil infestation, inoculation of seed tubers and foliage, and every combination thereof, conditions, even when differences in black in field trials over two growing seasons in North Dakota and Minnesota. A total of 107,520 isola- tions for C. coccodes performed across four site-years allowed for an extensive comparison of dot symptoms were noted among treat- fungal colonization of the host plant and disease severity. The black dot pathogen was detected ments (27,28,50).
    [Show full text]
  • Ohio Plant Disease Index
    Special Circular 128 December 1989 Ohio Plant Disease Index The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio This page intentionally blank. Special Circular 128 December 1989 Ohio Plant Disease Index C. Wayne Ellett Department of Plant Pathology The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio T · H · E OHIO ISJATE ! UNIVERSITY OARilL Kirklyn M. Kerr Director The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio All publications of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are available to all potential dientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, sex, age, handicap, or Vietnam-era veteran status. 12-89-750 This page intentionally blank. Foreword The Ohio Plant Disease Index is the first step in develop­ Prof. Ellett has had considerable experience in the ing an authoritative and comprehensive compilation of plant diagnosis of Ohio plant diseases, and his scholarly approach diseases known to occur in the state of Ohia Prof. C. Wayne in preparing the index received the acclaim and support .of Ellett had worked diligently on the preparation of the first the plant pathology faculty at The Ohio State University. edition of the Ohio Plant Disease Index since his retirement This first edition stands as a remarkable ad substantial con­ as Professor Emeritus in 1981. The magnitude of the task tribution by Prof. Ellett. The index will serve us well as the is illustrated by the cataloguing of more than 3,600 entries complete reference for Ohio for many years to come. of recorded diseases on approximately 1,230 host or plant species in 124 families.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables – Davide Spadaro
    AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES – Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables – Davide Spadaro BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST DISEASES OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Davide Spadaro AGROINNOVA Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector and Di.Va.P.R.A. – Plant Pathology, University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy Keywords: antibiosis, bacteria, biocontrol agents, biofungicide, biomass, competition, formulation, fruits, fungi, integrated disease management, parasitism, plant pathogens, postharvest, preharvest, resistance, vegetables, yeast Contents 1. Introduction 2. Postharvest diseases 3. Postharvest disease management 4. Biological control 5. The postharvest environment 6. Isolation of antagonists 7. Selection of antagonists 8. Mechanisms of action 9. Molecular characterization 10. Biomass production 11. Stabilization 12. Formulation 13. Enhancement of biocontrol 14. Extension of use of antagonists 15. Commercial development 16. Biofungicide products 17. Conclusions Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Biological control using antagonists has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to chemicals to control postharvest diseases. Since the 1990s, several biocontrol agents (BCAs) have been widely investigated against different pathogens and fruit crops. Many biocontrol mechanisms have been suggested to operate on fruit including competition, biofilm formation, production of diffusible and volatile antibiotics, parasitism, induction of host resistance, through
    [Show full text]
  • Control of Black Dot in Potatoes
    Control of black dot in potatoes Dr. Trevor Wicks SA Research & Development Institute Project Number: PT01001 PT01001 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the potato industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the potato unprocessed and value-added industries. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 1052 9 Published and distributed by: Horticultural Australia Ltd Level 1 50 Carrington Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2005 Control of Black dot in potatoes FINAL REPORT Horticultural Research and Development Corporation Project PT01001 By Robin Harding, T. Wicks and B. Hall South Australian Research and Development Institute 6 HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Final Report September 2004 Project Title: Control of Black dot in Potatoes HAL Project No.: PT01001 Research Organisation: South Australian Research & Development Institute GPO Box 397 Adelaide South Australia 5001 Contact: Trevor Wicks Phone: 08 8303 9563 Fax: 08 8303 9393 Email: [email protected] Principal Investigator: Robin Harding Phone: 08 389 8804 Fax: 08 389 8899 Email [email protected] South Australian Research & Development Institute Swamp Road Lenswood South Australia 5240 7 HAL Project: PT01001 Dr T.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Styles of Colletotrichum Species and Implications for Plant Biosecurity
    fungal biology reviews 31 (2017) 155e168 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbr Review Life styles of Colletotrichum species and implications for plant biosecurity Dilani D. DE SILVAa, Pedro W. CROUSc, Peter K. ADESd, Kevin D. HYDEb, Paul W. J. TAYLORa,* aFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia bCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand cWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands dFaculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia article info abstract Article history: Colletotrichum is a genus of major plant pathogens causing anthracnose diseases in many Received 18 December 2016 plant crops worldwide. The genus comprises a highly diverse group of pathogens that Received in revised form infect a wide range of plant hosts. The life styles of Colletotrichum species can be broadly 4 May 2017 categorised as necrotrophic, hemibiotrophic, latent or quiescent and endophytic; of which Accepted 4 May 2017 hemibiotrophic is the most common. The differences in life style depend on the Colletotri- chum species, the host species, the physiological maturity of the host and environmental Keywords: conditions. Thus, the genus Colletotrichum provides a unique opportunity for analysing Biosecurity different life style patterns and features underlying a diverse range of plantepathogen in- Colletotrichum teractions. This review describes the various modes of life styles of Colletotrichum species, Hemibiotrophic the underlying mechanisms of infection and colonisation, and implications the life styles Life cycle have for plant biosecurity. Knowledge of life styles of Colletotrichum species will enable the Life style development of improved diagnostics and application of integrated disease control methods to mitigate the risk of incursion of exotic Colletotrichum species.
    [Show full text]
  • Lifestyle Transitions in Plant Pathogenic Colletotrichum Fungi Deciphered by Genome and Transcriptome Analyses
    LETTERS Lifestyle transitions in plant pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi deciphered by genome and transcriptome analyses Richard J O’Connell1,31, Michael R Thon2,31, Stéphane Hacquard1, Stefan G Amyotte3, Jochen Kleemann1, Maria F Torres3, Ulrike Damm4, Ester A Buiate3, Lynn Epstein5, Noam Alkan6, Janine Altmüller7, Lucia Alvarado-Balderrama8, Christopher A Bauser9, Christian Becker7, Bruce W Birren8, Zehua Chen8, Jaeyoung Choi10, Jo Anne Crouch11, Jonathan P Duvick12,30, Mark A Farman3, Pamela Gan13, David Heiman8, Bernard Henrissat14, Richard J Howard12, Mehdi Kabbage15, Christian Koch16, Barbara Kracher1, Yasuyuki Kubo17, Audrey D Law3, Marc-Henri Lebrun18, Yong-Hwan Lee10, Itay Miyara6, Neil Moore19, Ulla Neumann20, Karl Nordström21, Daniel G Panaccione22, Ralph Panstruga1,23, Michael Place24, Robert H Proctor25, Dov Prusky6, Gabriel Rech2, Richard Reinhardt26, Jeffrey A Rollins27, Steve Rounsley8, Christopher L Schardl3, David C Schwartz24, Narmada Shenoy8, Ken Shirasu13, Usha R Sikhakolli28, Kurt Stüber26, Serenella A Sukno2, James A Sweigard12, Yoshitaka Takano29, Hiroyuki Takahara1,30, Frances Trail28, H Charlotte van der Does1,30, Lars M Voll16, Isa Will1, Sarah Young8, Qiandong Zeng8, Jingze Zhang8, Shiguo Zhou24, Martin B Dickman15, Paul Schulze-Lefert1, Emiel Ver Loren van Themaat1, Li-Jun Ma8,30 & Lisa J Vaillancourt3 Colletotrichum species are fungal pathogens that devastate crop force and enzymatic degradation, bulbous biotrophic hyphae enveloped plants worldwide. Host infection involves the differentiation by an intact host plasma membrane then develop inside living epidermal of specialized cell types that are associated with penetration, cells, and finally, the fungus switches to necrotrophy and differentiates growth inside living host cells (biotrophy) and tissue destruction thin, fast-growing hyphae that kill and destroy host tissues (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Colletotrichum Coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes JUN09 Key Contacts: Garibaldi 3- Dillard and Cobb(1998) 82,Plant Dis
    JUN09Pathogen of the month – June 2009 ab cd Fig. 1. Colletotrichum coccodes ; Tomato Brown Root Rot coverd with black sclerotia (a); Acervuli with setae on the root (b); conidia (c); and appressoria (d). Photo credits H. Golzar. Common Name: Black Dot (Wallr.) Hughes Disease: Tomato Brown Root Rot Classification: K: Fungi, P: Ascomycota , C: Sordariomycetes , O: Phyllachorales , F: Phyllachoraceae Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes is an important pathogen of tomato and potato worldwide. The fungus is the causal agent of tomatoes anthracnose on the fruit, black dots on the roots and blemishes on the surface of potato tubers. It also causes early senescence (1). During summer 2009, symptoms were observed on root and stem bases of tomatoes in both field and glasshouse hydroponics systems at two Perth locations. Although C. coccodes has been previously reported on potato in Australia, this is the first report on tomato. Symptoms and Impact: the surface (Fig 1b). Appressoria are ovate to elliptical (av. Black Dot symptoms appear as brown lesions on the 12 x 7 μm) (Fig 1d). roots, progressing to larger brown areas covered with small black sclerotia (Fig 1a). The root cortex rots and Host Range: abundant dark sclerotia form (diam. <1 mm). These The fungus occurs on tomato, potato and a wide range of symptoms are particularly evident on older roots where plant species representing 13 families mostly from the the tissues are grey to brown. Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae and Solanaceae. Some Anthracnose symptoms appear on fruit as discolored asymptomatic hosts carry fungal propagules (1). lesions, and as the disease progresses, the lesions turn into large circular, sunken areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Unique Patterns of Mating Pheromone Presence and Absence Could Result in the Ambiguous Sexual Behaviours of Colletotrichum Species
    Unique Patterns of Mating Pheromone Presence and Absence could Result in the Ambiguous Sexual Behaviours of Colletotrichum Species Andrea Melissa Wilson ( [email protected] ) FABI, University of Pretoria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-0045 RV Lelwala University of Melbourne Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences PWJ Taylor University of Melbourne Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences MJ Wingeld FABI, University of Pretoria BD WINGFIELD FABI, University of Pretoria Research article Keywords: Colletotrichum, Sexual reproduction, Filamentous fungi, Mating pheromones, Cognate receptors, Gene loss, Ancestral state reconstruction Posted Date: November 24th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-112807/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/42 Abstract Background: Colletotrichum species are known to engage in unique sexual behaviours that differ signicantly from the mating strategies of other lamentous ascomycete species. Most ascomycete fungi require the expression of both the MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes to regulate mating type and induce sexual reproduction. In contrast, all isolates of Colletotrichum are known to harbour only the MAT1-2-1 gene and yet, are capable of recognizing suitable mating partners and producing sexual progeny. The molecular mechanisms contributing to mating types and behaviours in Colletotrichum are thus unknown. Results: A comparative genomics approach analysing genomes from 47 Colletotrichum isolates was used to elucidate a putative molecular mechanism underlying the unique sexual behaviours observed in Colletotrichum species. The existence of only the MAT1-2 idiomorph was conrmed across all species included in this study.
    [Show full text]