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Control of Black Dot in Potatoes

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Control of Black Dot in Potatoes Control of black dot in potatoes Dr. Trevor Wicks SA Research & Development Institute Project Number: PT01001 PT01001 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the potato industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the potato unprocessed and value-added industries. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 1052 9 Published and distributed by: Horticultural Australia Ltd Level 1 50 Carrington Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2005 Control of Black dot in potatoes FINAL REPORT Horticultural Research and Development Corporation Project PT01001 By Robin Harding, T. Wicks and B. Hall South Australian Research and Development Institute 6 HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Final Report September 2004 Project Title: Control of Black dot in Potatoes HAL Project No.: PT01001 Research Organisation: South Australian Research & Development Institute GPO Box 397 Adelaide South Australia 5001 Contact: Trevor Wicks Phone: 08 8303 9563 Fax: 08 8303 9393 Email: [email protected] Principal Investigator: Robin Harding Phone: 08 389 8804 Fax: 08 389 8899 Email [email protected] South Australian Research & Development Institute Swamp Road Lenswood South Australia 5240 7 HAL Project: PT01001 Dr T.J. Wicks South Australian Research and Development Institute GPO Box 397 ADELAIDE SA 5001 AUSTRALIA ph: 08 8303 9563 email: [email protected] Black dot, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum coccodes is a major potato disease that affects both the fresh and processing industries. It causes premature plant death, reduced yields and downgrading of produce due to blemishes. The main aim of the project is to develop management strategies to help washed potato growers and seed growers control black dot disease. We acknowledge the funding provided by the national Potato R & D levy and the Commonwealth Government through HAL Disclaimer: Any recommendations contained in this publication do not necessarily represent current Horticulture Australia policy. No person should act on the basis of the contents of this publication, whether as to matters of fact or opinion or other content, without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice of the matters set out in this publication. 8 CONTENTS MEDIA SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................................3 TECHNICAL SUMMARY......................................................................................................................4 LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................................................6 TECHNICAL REPORT...........................................................................................................................9 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................9 General materials and methods ............................................................................................................9 Pathogen morphology and ecology....................................................................................................11 Introduction: ..................................................................................................................................11 Fungal variation.............................................................................................................................11 Effects of temperature ....................................................................................................................14 Disease development......................................................................................................................17 Tuber infection from conidia..........................................................................................................19 Pathogenicity of C. circannis.........................................................................................................21 Weeds .............................................................................................................................................22 Pathogen and plant interaction ...........................................................................................................24 Introduction: ..................................................................................................................................24 General materials and methods:....................................................................................................24 Tuber infection points ....................................................................................................................25 Light on C. coccodes seed..............................................................................................................28 Systemic infection...........................................................................................................................29 Systemic carry over and disease transfer through soil. .................................................................31 Potato cultivars ..............................................................................................................................33 Inoculum levels...............................................................................................................................35 Water and haulm disease development. .........................................................................................37 Reglone/Dye ...................................................................................................................................39 Irrigation........................................................................................................................................40 Pivot variations ..............................................................................................................................41 MANAGEMENT...............................................................................................................................42 Introduction: ..................................................................................................................................42 General materials and methods:....................................................................................................42 Biofumigation.................................................................................................................................44 Inhibition from volatiles released from Brassica sp...................................................................44 Hydration effects on volatiles released from B. juncea..............................................................46 Efficacy of volatiles released from B. juncea seed meal in soil.................................................47 Chemical control............................................................................................................................48 Invitro assessment of tuber seed treatments ...............................................................................48 Effect of fungicides on transmission in storage .........................................................................52 Effect of fungicides on carry over of seed. ................................................................................53 Greenhouse screening of fungicides...........................................................................................55 Field and greenhouse evaluation of seed and soil treatments.....................................................58 Evaluation of fumigation............................................................................................................68 Haulm desiccation......................................................................................................................77 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ...............................................................................................................83 RECOMMENDATIONS – SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRY ...............................................................85 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................................................................................................87 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LITERATURE CITED ..................................................................................89 APPENDICES........................................................................................................................................94 1 2 MEDIA SUMMARY Over the past 20 years the fungal disease black dot caused by the fungus Colletotrichum coccodes has been reported throughout the main potato production areas worldwide. For many of these years, growers and researchers have considered it to be a secondary disease of low importance.
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