15437085.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
(Pueraria Montana Var. Lobata Willd) in North Carolina
ABSTRACT THORNTON, MELISSA ROSE. Arthopod Fauna Associated With Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata Willd) In North Carolina. (Under the direction of David Orr.) The purpose of this research was to obtain background information to aid the implementation of a biological control program against the weed, kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata Willd). This research had several specific objectives that examined: 1) potential insect pollinators and seed production of kudzu in NC; 2) phytophagous insects and insect herbivory of kudzu foliage, seeds, vines and roots in NC; 3) abundance and diversity of foliar, vine, and root feeding insect communities on kudzu in comparison with those found on soybeans, the closest North American relative of kudzu in the United States. Kudzu is pollinated by native and naturalized insects in NC, in a pattern that varies by flower apparency rather than density. Arthropod herbivory by native generalists almost eliminated kudzu seed viability, while a naturalized Asian specialist consumed a nominal proportion of seeds. These data indicate that seed feeding arthropods would be poor candidates for importation biological control. Kudzu and soybeans shared the same foliar feeding insect communities and levels of defoliation, suggesting that foliage feeders are also poor choices for importation. No kudzu vine or root feeding insects or damage were found during the two years of this study, suggesting that future importation biological control research should focus on such feeders from Asia. ARTHROPOD FAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH KUDZU (PUERARIA MONTANA VAR. LOBATA WILLD) IN NORTH CAROLINA by MELISSA ROSE THORNTON A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY Raleigh 2004 APPROVED BY: ______________________________ ______________________________ Dr. -
Fabaceae) Subfam
J. Jpn. Bot. 92(1): 34–43 (2017) Harashuteria, a New Genus of Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Subfam. Papilionoideae Tribe Phaseoleae a a b, Kazuaki OHASHI , Koji NATA and Hiroyoshi OHASHI * aSchool of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694 JAPAN; bHerbarium TUS, Botanical Garden, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0862 JAPAN *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Accepted on November 25, 2016) A new genus, Harashuteria K. Ohashi & H. Ohashi, is proposed as a member of the tribe Phaseoleae of Leguminosae (Fabaceae) based on Shuteria hirsuta Baker by comparative morphological observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Shuteria and its related genera. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed using cpDNA (trnK/matK, trnL–trnF and rpl2 intron) markers. Our molecular phylogeny shows that Shuteria hirsuta is sister to Cologania and is distinct from Shuteria vestita or Amphicarpaea, although the species has been attributed to these genera. A new combination, Harashuteria hirsuta (Baker) K. Ohashi & H. Ohashi is proposed. Key words: Amphicarpaea, Cologania, Fabaceae, Glycininae, Harashuteria, Hiroshi Hara, new genus, Phaseoleae, Shuteria, Shuteria hirsuta. The genus Shuteria Wight & Arn. was protologue. Kurz (1877) recognized Shuteria established on the basis of S. vestita Wight & hirsuta as a member of Pueraria, because he Arn. including 4–5 species in Asia (Schrire described Pueraria anabaptista Kurz citing 2005). The genus belongs to the subtribe S. hirsuta as its synonym (hence Pueraria Glycininae in the tribe Phaseoleae and is anabaptista is superfluous). Amphicarpaea closely allied to Amphicarpaea, Cologania, lineata Chun & T. C. Chen is adopted as a and Dumasia especially in the flower structures correct species by Sa and Gilbert (2010) in the (Lackey 1981). -
Plant Pest Risk Assessment for Kudzu, Pueraria Montana 2010 (Revised 2013)
Oregon Department of Agriculture Plant Pest Risk Assessment for Kudzu, Pueraria montana 2010 (Revised 2013) Name: Kudzu, Pueraria montana; a.k.a. Japanese arrowroot, porch-vine, telephone vine; Synonym: Pueraria lobata Family: Pea, Fabaceae Findings of This Review and Assessment: Kudzu has been determined to be a category “A” noxious weed as defined by the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) Noxious Weed Policy and Classification System. This determination is based on a literature review and analysis using two ODA evaluation forms. Using the Qualitative Noxious Weed Risk Assessment v.3.8, kudzu scored 63 indicating an A listing and score 17 with the ODA Noxious Weed Rating system, v.3.2. Introduction: Kudzu, Pueraria montana is a fast growing vine native to China and Japan. It was introduced and has become a major pest of the southeastern US where an estimated seven million acres are infested. Kudzu is a federally listed noxious weed and was placed on the ODA Noxious Weed List in 1995. Prior to the Oregon listing, the species was not known to occur in the Pacific Northwest. In1990 an inquiry was received by ODA to approve the importation and use of kudzu for forage. This inquiry prompted a review by ODA and ultimately a quarantine listing of kudzu in 1993 to prevent import, transport, or sale in the state. The first weedy infestation in the Pacific Northwest was found near Aurora, Oregon in 2001 and two additional sites were found in southwest Portland the following year. It was not determined how the plants where introduced, but was most likely intentionally planted as ornamental or for erosion control. -
Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S. -
TAXON:Neonotonia Wightii SCORE:16.0 RATING:High Risk
TAXON: Neonotonia wightii SCORE: 16.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Neonotonia wightii Family: Fabaceae Common Name(s): glycine Synonym(s): Glycine wightii (Wight & Arn.) Verdc. perennial soybean Notonia wightii Wight & Arn. soja pérenne soja-perene Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 4 May 2015 WRA Score: 16.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Fodder Plant, Smothering Vine, N-Fixing, Self-Compatible, Animal-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns -
Pueraria Montana
Invasive KISC Feasibility Combined Kauai Status HPWRA Impacts Status Score Score Score Pueraria RAPID HIGH RISK NATURALIZED montana RESPONSE (24) 8 7 15 (kudzu) Initial PFC report completed: October 2017 PFC report updated as of: N/A Current Recommendation for KISC: Accept as KISC Target pending scoring rank and committee review Knowledge Gaps and Contingencies: 1) Delimiting surveys surrounding known locations are required to gain knowledge of the extent of clonal populations. 2) Early detection surveys should be conducted in herbarium voucher locations. 3) Outreach efforts are crucial to increase detection by citizens on private land. 4) An assessment of potential control methods, particularly near the Hanalei river, is required. 5) An understanding of partnership roles may increase the likelihood/rate of success. 6) Spread by roadside mowing must be communicated to country roadside maintenance crews. Background Pueraria montana (Fabaceae) or “kudzu”, is a large, clonal, herbaceous vine that has gained infamy in southeastern USA as a noxious weed directly responsible for substantial ecological and economic losses (Sun et al. 2005). Interestingly, P. phaseoloides is listed as a noxious weed by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture while P. montana is not, even though invasive impacts from P. montana are more frequently reported in the literature. The most common variety found in Hawaii and throughout USA is P. montana var. lobata, however, P. montana var. chinensis has also been recorded on Kauai (Imada 2012). These two varieties are hard to differentiate morphologically, and the taxonomy has been confused in the literature such that a number of different names are used to refer to plants invading USA (Sun et al. -
Alternative Hosts of Phakopsora Pachyrhizi in the Americas: an Analysis of Their Role in the Epidemiology of Asian Soybean Rust in the Continental U.S
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2007 Alternative hosts of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in the Americas: an analysis of their role in the epidemiology of Asian soybean rust in the continental U.S. Oscar Pérez-Hernández Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Pérez-Hernández, Oscar, "Alternative hosts of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in the Americas: an analysis of their role in the epidemiology of Asian soybean rust in the continental U.S." (2007). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15097. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15097 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alternative hosts of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in the Americas: an analysis of their role in the epidemiology of Asian soybean rust in the continental U.S. by Oscar Pérez-Hernández A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Plant Pathology Program of Study Committee: Xiao Bing Yang, Major Professor Mark L. Gleason Eugene S. Takle Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2007 UMI Number: 1446133 UMI Microform 1446133 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. -
Pueraria Montana Fabaceae
Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. Fabaceae - Papilionoideae LOCAL NAMES English (kudzu,Japanese arrow root); Fijian (yaka,wa yaka,nggariaka); Filipino (tahaunon); French (koudzou); Indonesian (tobi); Lao (Sino- Tibetan) (khauz pied); Thai (phakpeetpe); Vietnamese (c[as]t c[aw]n) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Pueraria Montana is a perennial, woody climber, with stems up to 30 m long and up to 10 cm in diameter, initially grey to brown pubescent, later glabrescent, and with very large oblong tubers up to 2 m long and up to 45 cm in diameter. Leaves alternate, pinnately 3-foliolate; petiole 8-13(-21) cm long, rachis 1.5-7 cm long, both grey to golden-brown hairy, stipules peltate, up to 1.5(- 2.5) cm long; leaflets ovate to orbicular, 8-26 cm x 5-22 cm, lateral leaflets oblique and often somewhat smaller than terminal leaflet, entire to 3- lobed, thinly appressed pubescent, petiolules 4-10 mm, stipels linear to lanceolate, up to 2(-3) cm long. Inflorescence a usually unbranched elongated pseudoraceme up to 35 cm long, with 3 flowers per node, bracts up to 10 mm long, early caducous, bracteoles up to 5 mm long, fairly persistent. Flowers bisexual, short- pedicelled; calyx campanulate with 5 unequal teeth, tube 3-5 mm long, teeth 4-9 mm long; corolla papilionaceous, petals up to 2.5 cm long, purplish to blue or pink, often with a yellow or green spot on vexillum; stamens 10, monadelphous or with one free stamen; ovary superior, elongated, 1-celled. Fruit a flattened oblong pod, 4-13 cm x 0.5-1.5 cm, straight to falcate, with golden-brown hairs, 5-15-seeded. -
Pueraria Lobata
EuropeanBlackwell Publishing Ltd and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes Data sheets on quarantine pests Fiches informatives sur les organismes de quarantaine Pueraria lobata Queensland), Fiji, Micronesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Identity Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Scientific name: Pueraria lobata (Willdenow) Ohwi Vanuatu. Synonyms: Dolichos lobatus Willdenow, Dolichos hirsutus Thunberg, History of introduction and spread Pueraria hirsuta (Thunberg) C. Schneider, Pachyrrhizus thunbergianus Siebold & Zuccarini, Pueraria thunbergiana P. lobata is native to eastern Asia (China, Japan, Korea). It was (Siebold & Zuccarini) Bentham first imported into the USA in 1876 as an ornamental plant for Taxonomic position: Fabaceae gardens, and later promoted as nutritious forage for livestock. Common names: kudzu, kudzu vine (English), kudzu, kudzu However, the yield is only 4–6 tons per ha per year and it is común (Spanish), kudzu, vigne japonaise (French), difficult to cut and bale (Everest et al., 1991). In the 1930s and Kopoubohne (German) 1940s, P. lobata was actively planted in USA for erosion Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature: three varieties have control, until it was recognized to be an invasive weed in the been described (var. thomsonii (Bentham) Maesen, var. chinensis 1950s (Britton et al., 2002). Over the same period, P. lobata (Bentham) Ohwi and var. montana (Loureiro) Maesen was imported into various other countries (South America, (Missouri Botanical Garden, 2006) Oceania, most recently Africa), where its invasive potential is EPPO code: PUELO now feared as a result of the experience of extensive planting in Phytosanitary categorization: EPPO A2 List no. 341. America. -
Abstract PARSING POLYPHYLETIC PUERARIA: DELIMITING DISTINCT
Abstract PARSING POLYPHYLETIC PUERARIA: DELIMITING DISTINCT EVOLUTIONARY LINEAGES THROUGH PHYLOGENY by William Cagle May, 2013 Director: Dr. Ashley N. Egan DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY A taxon is defined as polyphyletic when it does not include the last common ancestor of all true members of the taxon, resulting in a number of subgroups not united by a common ancestor. Previous work has suggested Pueraria (Fabaceae) to be polyphyletic. Although several taxonomic treatments have recognized Pueraria as an unnatural grouping since its creation in 1825, and two have put forth taxonomic hypotheses, the polyphyly has never been resolved. The need for further biosystematic research has always been cited as the reason no changes were proposed. This project attempted to address this issue by sampling broadly across phaseoloid legumes with an initial target goal of 156 species including 15 species of Pueraria. Ultimately, 104 species across 69 genera were sampled for AS2 and 116 species across 64 genera for matK. Phylogeny reconstruction was carried out using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Both analyses yielded congruent tree topologies and similar support values. Both previous taxonomic hypotheses show some congruence with the data, but discrepancies do occur. This work provides strong support for the existence of five separate clades within the genus Pueraria, requiring the resurrection of the genus Neustanthus for P. phaseoloides along with the need to create a new genus each for P. stricta, P. peduncularis, and P. wallichii. PARSING POLYPHYLETIC PUERARIA: DELIMITING DISTINCT EVOLUTIONARY LINEAGES THROUGH PHYLOGENY A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Biology East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology by William Cagle May 2013 © William Cagle, 2013 PARSING POLYPHYLETIC PUERARIA: DELIMITING DISTINCT EVOLUTIONARY LINEAGES THROUGH PHYLOGENY by William Cagle APPROVED BY: DIRECTOR OF DISSERTATION/THESIS __________________________________________ Ashley N. -
Asian Soybean Rust
Agriculture and Natural Resources Asian Soybean Rust Cliff Coker Introduction Since 1902, P. pachyrhizi has Associate Professor become a problem in various parts of Asian soybean rust is a serious Asia and Australasia. Kim Hurst disease threat to Arkansas and U.S. During the 1990s, the disease was Program Associate soybean production. On November 10, 2004, the disease was confirmed in reported in Africa, spreading to two soybean fields in Louisiana and various soybean-producing countries Terry Kirkpatrick shortly thereafter in Mississippi, there. Professor Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, Missouri, South Carolina and In 2000-2001, P. pachyrhizi was Tennessee. The disease was found on John Rupe detected in Paraguay, South America, soybean plants that remained green and confirmed in Brazil and Professor very late in the season due to various Argentina in 2002 and Bolivia in factors. It was also noted on kudzu in 2003. It has caused major problems in Florida. All available evidence Chris Tingle these countries since its introduction. suggests that the disease was Extension Agronomist - introduced by windborne spores Soybeans carried from the northern edge of In 2004, the disease was South America to the southern U.S. by confirmed in Colombia, South Mark Trent Hurricane Ivan in September. On America, north of the equator, making its introduction into the southern U.S. Program Associate February 23, 2005, Asian soybean rust was confirmed as surviving on kudzu imminent – and this later occurred in in Pasco County, Florida, indicating September via Hurricane Ivan. successful overwintering. Reasons for the rapid geographic spread of Asian soybean rust from This fact sheet is intended to Asia to Africa and the Western provide information on biology, Hemisphere during the past decade identification and control of are not well understood. -
Kudzu Vine, Pueraria Montana, Adventive in Southern Ontario
2012 NOTES 31 Kudzu Vine, Pueraria montana , Adventive in Southern Ontario GERALD E. W ALDRON ¹ and BRENDON M. H. L ARSON ² ¹7641 County Road 20, R.R. #1, Amherstburg, Ontario N9V 2Y7 Canada; email: [email protected] ²Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada; email: blarson @uwaterloo.ca Waldron, Gerald E. and Brendon M. H. Larson. 2012. Kudzu Vine, Pueraria montana , adventive in southern Ontario. Canadian Field-Naturalist 126(1): 31 –33. Kudzu is reported for the first time in Canada. A population was found covering about 3500 m² on a bank above Lake Erie near the town of Leamington, Ontario. We detected high seed viability and germination rates but no evidence that the popu - lation has been expanding beyond this site. Nonetheless, we recommend that measures be taken to prevent its continued expansion. Key Words: invasive species, Kudzu, Pueraria montana, seed set, Soybean Rust, Phakopsora pachyrizi , Canada . On 11 May 2009, while conducting a floral inven - lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Glycine javanica L.), a perennial tory in a ravine near the Town of Leamington, Ontario, vine in the family Fabaceae. the senior author and field assistant P. J. Hurst observed Kudzu is considered one of the 100 worst bioin - an area along the Lake Erie shore that supported a rank vaders in the world (Global Invasive Species Database growth of woody vine (Figure 1). Based on the sen - 2007*). It was introduced to North America from east - ior author’s experience with the flora of the southern ern Asia in 1876 as a feature in the Japanese exhibit at United States, the vine was tentatively identified as the Centennial International Exposition held in Phila - Kudzu, Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.