Solar System Images

John Baker: mikrogeo.com But,29 days between Full moons

Lunar Phases NASA 7-17 Lunar Calendar 2017 New moon Mars sized

Maybe our Fe-Ni Core

Smaller earth

4.6 Billion years ago Almost circular Ellipse of Lunar Orbit

Avg. distance = 384,401 km =238,855.7 Mi m2

I. Newton’s Law of Gravity m1xm2 F(of G)= D2 Anorthosite Apennines Mare Frigorum HIGHLANDS Impact CRATERS Plato Mare Crisium Basaltic Lava (MARE) filling older valleys of large impacts Jura Mare Serenitatis Mare Imbrium

Sinus Iridum Mare Foecunditatis Mare Vaporum Theophilus Copernicus Mare Nectaris Aristarchus Kepler Mare Nubium Mare Tranquilitatis

Oceanus Procellarum MOON at Perigee on Nov. 13th,2016 @ 8:30 Mare Cognitum PM EST – closest and Grimaldi Tycho Mare Humorum brightest since 1948: Nikon D3300 no special Rays of ejecta settings! Dec 12, 2016 9 pm EST At perigee = 14% bigger, 30% brighter, 50,000 Km closer Mare Humboldtianum Full at perigee 12-13-16 7:30 pm EST

Sinus Rorus

Longomontanus 12-12-16 9pm EST near full at perigee

Herschel Pythagoras

Aristillus

Eratosthenes

Gassendi Gauss Hahn 12-14-16, 9pm EST Berosus Langrenus

Endymion Patevius Posidonius

Colombo Aristoteles

Plato

Grimaldi 12-15-16, 7 am starting to wane Endymion Gemimus Cleomedes

Plato Posidonius Langrenus

Petavius C

T Pitatus 12-15-16 Langrenus Cleomedes Gemimus Vendelinus Endymion Peravius

Furnerius

Posidinius Atlas 12-17-16 11pm est waning Posidonius Aristoteles Delambre Cassini Eudoxus Theophilus Aristillus Cyrillus Timocharis Catharina Archimedes

Mare C Vaporum K Sinus Aestuum Sinus Fracastorius Arzachel Medii Purbach

Werner Gemma Frisius Walther Aliacensis Zagut Piccolomini Stiborius Maurolycus T Licetus Fabricius Maginus Janssen Pitiscus 12-19-16 6am waning ½ moon Aristoteles

Eudoxus

T T Half Moon

Crater Theophilus note central peak

M. Crisium

Impact craters along edge of shadow (limbus) show crater rims best Aristoteles

Eudoxus

Sacrobosco

Stofler

Maurolycus

Barocius Waxing ¾ Plato

Tycho impact crater & its Rays Copernicus

Kepler

Aristarchus

Meade Refractor MOON at Perigee on Nov. 13th,2016 @ 8:30 Crater rims PM EST – closest and in shadow brightest since 1948: 17 Nikon D3300 (on’M’)no special settings! 15 11

14 Apollo Lunar 12 Landings 1969-72 Mars: same night

Crater Theophilus note central peak

12-4-16 8pm est; ¼ waxing Highlands Anorthosites = 4.4-4.6 Ba

MOON at Perigee on Nov. 13th,2016 @ 8:30 Crater rims PM EST – closest and in shadow brightest since 1948: 17 Nikon D3300 no special settings! 15 11

14 Apollo Lunar 12 Landings 1969-72 Mare basalts = 3.1-3.9 Ba And only on Earth side of Moon Waning ¼-crescent moon on 12-23-16 4 am

Grimaldi

Mare Humorum

USGSS Mare Basalt (Apollo 17) Zoned Clinopyroxene (Augite) pierced by Ilmenite xls.

Ilmenite XN TiFe2O3

Plagioclase

PPL Ilmenite NASA Lunar sample slides TiFe2O3 (Thin -30 micron- Sections ~15-25X) provided by Plagioclase Geoscience Resources Polymict Breccia (Apollo 16) Large plagioclase surrounded by tiny iron plagioclase oxides, pyroxene & plagioclase; angularity & poor sorting = impact debris (regolith)

plagioclase

PPL

NASA Lunar sample slides (Thin Sections ~15-25X) Pyroxenes

Polymict Breccia (Apennines) near Apollo 14

Plagioclase XN

Pyroxenes

PPL Pyroxenes Plagioclase NASA Lunar sample slides (Thin Sections ~15-25X) Pyroxenes XN

Vitric polymict breccia (Apollo 15): 2 twinned & fractured Plagioclase fragments in soil

NASA Lunar sample slides (Thin Sections ~15-25X) Pyroxene Mare Basalt (Apollo 12) note unweathered or chemically unaltered state of minerals (no O2)- not seen on earth equivalents Plagioclase XN

Pyroxene

ilmenite

PPL

NASA Lunar sample slides ilmenite (Thin Sections ~15-25X) Pyroxene Mare Basalt (Apollo 12)

Ca-rich Plagioclase

NASA Lunar sample slides Ilmenite (Thin Sections ~15-25X) TiFe2O3

XN Anorthosite (Apollo 16) Highlands rock – oldest on Moon’s surface(4.6 Ba)- ‘Cayley Plain’, 90% crushed Plagioclase w/ some pyroxene a9aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aa

NASA Lunar sample slides (Thin Sections ~15-25X)

XN Lunar Highlands soil with Anorthite ( hi Ca+) Plagioclase (Apollo 16) note spherulitic nature of fragment.

PPL

NASA Lunar sample slides (Thin Sections ~15-25X) undevitrified glass

devitrified

PPL views of orange soil ( spherules ) made of impact- origin glass (TiO2-rich); Apollo 17 NASA Lunar sample slides (Whole Mount ~15-25X) Mercury eclipses sun Nov.8, 2006, 3:05 PM

Note Mercury’s movement across the solar disc in relation to the sunspot Venus 1-1-17, 7 PM

Marsrs Daytime only moon blocks sun: rarer

Night-time only earth’s shadow on moon Moon’s shadow

H+ red of chromosphere seen in totality Pink chromosphere umbra

Path of Totality 8-21-2017, 3:00 PM est: 80% solar eclipse multiplied and filtered by palm frond as natural multiple slit camera Sunspots 2671 & 2

1:19 1:31 1:51 2:13 2:30

80% coverage

2:42 2:50 3:01 3:17 3:30

August 21, 2017 1:19-4:10 PM EST from Lakewood Ranch, FL Sunspot 2672

Sunspot 2671

3:48 PM EST 4:10 PM EST Sunspots 2671 & 2672 sunspot April 8, 2005 Solar Eclipse at 6:30 PM EST; when moon blocks the sun; where shadow falls on earth determines who gets to see it (& how much)

Sun filter on telescope; partial eclipse seen in FL 400X closer to earth than sun & 400X smaller than the sun = apparent same size (400/400=1)= COINCIDENCE Or let palm trees do it for you Lunar Eclipse ( Earth’s shadow on moon)

Refraction here may cause ‘red’ moon in penumbra Partial penumbral lunar(at full Nikon D3300 – 55-200mm AFS Nikkor lens Setting manual moon) eclipse 2-10-’17 @ 8:00 PM EST

Earth’s shadow

spaceweather

penumbra 3) Corona – least dense 2) Chromosphere - denser Photosphere Open magnetic areas that 1) Lowest, densest Photosphere produce Solar Wind 400 Photosphere More magnetic km/sec cause Auroras here activity=

~4,000 deg. C; may produce Solar Flares 1000’s of km thick N S

1 million km thick Magnetic field 400 km thick 1 million °C Corona

Coronal Mass Ejection – CME & Solar 5,800 degrees C Prominences

Each about 1,500 Km in diameter & last a 93 million miles (149 million Km) – few moments 1 AU - away, over 8 minutes for light to reach us @ 186,000 mps or 300,000 kmps

Sunspots (Magnetic Storms) May 5, 2005s Sunspots usually in pairs SUNSPOTS

Sun’s rotation

Jan. 16, 2005

Sunspot #2612 0n 11-27-’16 @ 1:00 PM EST 3 mm

What is the Diameter(X) of this Sunspot Pair in Km 148 mm (on photo) and Miles?

1,391,000 Km Diameter

X Km 3 mm (on photo)

1,390,000 Km 148 mm (on photo)

4,173,00O = X ·148 , so X = 4,173,000 / 148 = 28,196 {the diam. Km of the sunspot (X 0.6 to convert to miles)} = 16,917 Mi. 3:00 PM, 12-1-16

Nikon D3300 in Manual with 55-200 Nikkor Lens & Thousand Oaks Optical sun filter 52-T #2615 on 12-4-16 @ 11am

2615

Sunspot pair #2615

Solar wind 1/18/’17 1:15 PM EST

2626 2625 1/22/’17 12 pm est

2628 2627

1/23/’17 11am est March 31,2017; 5:00 PM EDST

AR2645 has a 'beta-gamma' magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class (moderately strong) solar flares. Any such explosions while the 2644 sunspot faces Earth could ionize the top of our planet's atmosphere and alter the normal propagation of radio transmissions around the globe.(Spaceweather.com)

2645 2644 returns 2 weeks later with flares on edge

2644

NASA Apr-17-2012 2651 Apr. 25 2017, 2:00 Pm EST 2653 #2665 July 10, 2017, 3 pm est produced huge M2 Solar Flare & Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) on 15th and another on the 23rd (X-class) AR2671 Aug 18, 2017 3PM est NASA Meteorites: 1)glassy Tektites

2) Stony Meteorites: includes Tektites & Spherules Carbonaceous Chondrites

3) Iron Meteorites, many showing Widmanstatten structures: interlocking xls. of iron-nickel alloy

4) combinations of 3&2 Largest chunk of (Iron) meteorite found at Meteor Crater, AZ

Happened 50,000 year ago, at@26,000 mph, 150 ft across, several hundred thousand tons,(energy released = 20 million tons of TNT, melting and fragmentation, original crater 700 ft. deep &4,000 ft. across, 175 million tons of rock thrown out, carbon in rocks turns to diamonds, quartz turns to stishovite, lechatelierite & coesite (hi temp./hi press.)

Iron & Glass fused Angular, shocked quartz of Coconino Ss from drill core in bottom of Crater PPL Chondrules in Carbonaceous Chondrite type III Stoney Meteorite (Allende, MX 1969) XP: OLIVINE & Pyroxene

Carbonaceous matrix PPL XN PPL XN

PPL XN XN

More chondrules: Allende meteorite SST 118 at Launch site (2007) Booster separation VAB Saturn V 2009

SST 119 from Lakewood Ranch (my house) Int. Space Station Pass visible from earth ~2011