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Placing Women in the History of Psychology the First American Women Psychologists
Placing Women in the History of Psychology The First American Women Psychologists Laurel Furumoto Wellesley College Elizabeth Scarborough State University of New York College at Fredonia ABSTRACT." This article presents an account of the first Traditional history has been written and interpreted by men in American women psychologists. The article provides data an androcentric frame of reference; it might quite properly be on the origins, education, marital status, and careers of described as the history of men. The very term "Women's His- the 22 women who identified themselves as psychologists tory" calls attention to the fact that something is missing from in the first edition of American Men of Science. Further, historical scholarship. (p. xiv) it explores how gender shaped their experience in relation Beyond calling attention to what is missing from the to educational and employment opportunities, responsi- history of psychology, this article begins to fill the gap by bilities to family, and the marriage versus career dilemma. sketching an overview of the lives and experiences of those Illustrations are drawn from the lives of Mary Whiton women who participated in the development of the dis- Calkins, Christine Ladd-Franklin, Margaret Floy Wash- cipline in the United States around the turn of the century. burn, and Ethel Puffer Howes. Sources used include ar- First, we identify early women psychologists. Second, we chival materials (manuscripts, correspondence, and insti- describe the women and note some comparisons between tutional records) as well as published literature. The article them and men psychologists. And last, we discuss wom- calls attention to the necessity of integrating women into en's experiences, focusing on how gender influenced their the history of the discipline if it is to provide an adequate careers. -
Erica Fretwell SENSORY EXPERIMENTS Sensory Experiments PSYCHOPHYSICS, RACE, and the AESTHETICS of FEELING
S E N S O R Y E X P E R I M E N T S Psychophysics, RACE, and the Aesthetics of feeling Erica Fretwell SENSORY EXPERIMENTS Sensory Experiments PSYCHOPHYSICS, RACE, AND THE AESTHETICS OF FEELING Erica Fretwell Duke University Press Durham and London 2020 © 2020 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Amy Ruth Buchanan Typeset in Arno and Avenir by Westchester Publishing Services Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Fretwell, Erica, [date] author. Title: Sensory experiments : psychophysics, race, and the aesthetics of feeling / Erica Fretwell. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers:lccn 2019054741 (print) | lccn 2019054742 (ebook) | isbn 9781478009863 (hardcover) | isbn 9781478010937 (paperback) | isbn 9781478012450 (ebook) Subjects: lcsh: Psychophysics. | Senses and sensation— Social aspects. | Racism—United States—Psychological aspects. | Racism—United States—History—19th century. | Science—Social aspects—United States—History—19th century. Classification:lcc bf237 .f74 2020 (print) | lcc bf237 (ebook) | ddc 152.10973/09034—dc23 lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019054741 lc ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019054742 Duke University Press gratefully acknowl- edges the University at Albany, SUNY, which provided funds toward the publication of this book. IN MEMORY OF STEVEN FRETWELL CONTENTS Acknowl edgments ix Introduction: NEW SENSATION 1 -
The Hiring of James Mark Baldwin and James Gibson Hume at Toronto in 1889
History of Psychology Copyright 2004 by the Educational Publishing Foundation 2004, Vol. 7, No. 2, 130–153 1093-4510/04/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/1093-4510.7.2.130 THE HIRING OF JAMES MARK BALDWIN AND JAMES GIBSON HUME AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO IN 1889 Christopher D. Green York University In 1889, George Paxton Young, the University of Toronto’s philosophy professor, passed away suddenly while in the midst of a public debate over the merits of hiring Canadians in preference to American and British applicants for faculty positions. As a result, the process of replacing Young turned into a continuation of that argument, becoming quite vociferous and involving the popular press and the Ontario gov- ernment. This article examines the intellectual, political, and personal dynamics at work in the battle over Young’s replacement and its eventual resolution. The outcome would have an impact on both the Canadian intellectual scene and the development of experimental psychology in North America. In 1889 the University of Toronto was looking to hire a new professor of philosophy. The normally straightforward process of making a university appoint- ment, however, rapidly descended into an unseemly public battle involving not just university administrators, but also the highest levels of the Ontario govern- ment, the popular press, and the population of the city at large. The debate was not pitched solely, or even primarily, at the level of intellectual issues, but became intertwined with contentious popular questions of nationalism, religion, and the proper place of science in public education. The impact of the choice ultimately made would reverberate not only through the university and through Canada’s broader educational establishment for decades to come but, because it involved James Mark Baldwin—a man in the process of becoming one of the most prominent figures in the study of the mind—it also rippled through the nascent discipline of experimental psychology, just then gathering steam in the United States of America. -
An Examination of Introductory Psychology Textbooks in America Randall D
Ouachita Baptist University Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita Articles Faculty Publications 1992 Portraits of a Discipline: An Examination of Introductory Psychology Textbooks in America Randall D. Wight Ouachita Baptist University, [email protected] Wayne Weiten Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/articles Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Weiten, W. & Wight, R. D. (1992). Portraits of a discipline: An examination of introductory psychology textbooks in America. In C. L. Brewer, A. Puente, & J. R. Matthews (Eds.), Teaching of psychology in America: A history (pp. 453-504). Washington DC: American Psychological Association. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 20 PORTRAITS OF A DISCIPLINE: AN EXAMINATION OF INTRODUCTORY PSYCHOLOGY TEXTBOOKS IN AMERICA WAYNE WEITEN AND RANDALL D. WIGHT The time has gone by when any one person could hope to write an adequate textbook of psychology. The science has now so many branches, so many methods, so many fields of application, and such an immense mass of data of observation is now on record, that no one person can hope to have the necessary familiarity with the whole. -An author of an introductory psychology text If we compare general psychology textbooks of today with those of from ten to twenty years ago we note an undeniable trend toward amelio- We are indebted to several people who provided helpful information in responding to our survey discussed in the second half of the chapter, including Solomon Diamond for calling attention to Samuel Johnson and Noah Porter, Ernest R. -
George Trumbull Ladd (1842-1921)
The International Journal of Indian Psychology ISSN 2348-5396 (e) | ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) Volume 6, Issue 4, DIP 18.01.001/20180604 DOI: 10.25215/0604.001 http://www.ijip.in | October - December, 2018 TimeLine Person of the Month: George Trumbull Ladd (1842-1921) Ankit Patel1* Born January 19, 1842 Painesville, Lake County, Ohio, US Died August 8, 1921 (aged 79) New Haven, Connecticut, US Citizenship American Known for The Principles of Church Polity (1882), What is the Bible? (1888), Philosophy of Knowledge (1897) Education Western Reserve College Andover Theological Seminary George Trumbull Ladd, (born January 19, 1842, Painesville, Ohio, U.S.—died August 8, 1921, New Haven, Connecticut), philosopher and psychologist whose textbooks were influential in establishing experimental psychology in the United States. He called for a scientific psychology, but he viewed psychology as ancillary to philosophy. He was a grandson of Jesse Ladd and Ruby Brewster, who were among the original pioneers in Madison, Lake County, Ohio. Ruby was a granddaughter of Oliver Brewster and Martha Wadsworth Brewster, a poet and writer, and one of the earliest American female literary figures. Ladd’s main interest was in writing Elements of Physiological Psychology (1887), the first handbook of its kind in English. Because of its emphasis on neurophysiology, it long remained a standard work. In addition, Ladd’s Psychology, Descriptive and Explanatory (1894) is important as a theoretical system of functional psychology, considering the human being as an organism with a mind purposefully solving problems and adapting to its environment. He early gave indications of the studious habits that characterized him through life. -
The Psychophysics of Consciousness: a Hypothesis
S.R. Joye The Psychophysics of Consciousness The Psychophysics of Consciousness: A Hypothesis "Hypothesis: a very poor choice of word to designate the supreme spiritual act by which the dust-cloud of experience takes on form and is kindled at the fire of knowledge." Pierre Teilhard de Chardin August 9, 2013 S.R. Joye, B.S. Electrical Engineering, M.A. Asian Philosophy, CIIS Doctoral Candidate, Department of Philosophy & Religion Concentration in Philosophy, Cosmology, and Consciousness PARP 9600 – Doctoral Comprehensive Exam Paper Professor Allan Combs School of Consciousness and Transformation Summer Semester 2013 Comp. Exam Part II The Psychophysics of Consciousness The Psychophysics of Consciousness: A Hypothesis Abstract Gustav Fechner, the German experimental psychologist, coined the term psychophysics in 1860, publishing the first mathematical equation to model human consciousness.1 Fechner assumed that any future approaches to consciousness would include mathematical and physical underpinnings. In 1995, the cognitive scientist and philosopher David Chalmers coined the phrase "the hard problem" as being that of connecting consciousness with some physical substrate. According to Chalmers, "The really hard problem of consciousness is the problem of experience. Most existing theories of consciousness either deny the phenomenon, explain something else, or elevate the problem to an eternal mystery."2 As Chalmers points out, unfortunately, the modern scientific community has not yet produced a model of consciousness supported by mathematics and physics, thus no progress in Fecher's "psychophysics." However there is growing interest among the scientific community in string theory, the only branch of mathematical geometry that has successfully explained recent discoveries in high energy particle physics. -
Seventeen Early Peace Psychologists
Seventeen Early Peace Psychologists By Floyd Rudmin Rudmin, Floyd (1991). Seventeen Early Peace Psychologists. In Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol. 31, No. 2, Spring, pp. 12-43, 1991 Sage Publications, Inc. Floyd Webster Rudmin is a boundary crosser. In many societies (e.g., the Inuit), boundary crossers are obliged to try to interpret and intercede for those on either side of the boundary. Dr. Rudmin completed a B.A. in philosophy at Bowdoin College in Maine, an M. A. in audiology at SUNY Buffalo, and a Ph.D. in social psychology at Queen University in Ontario. He has lived and worked in the United States, the Philippines, Japan, and since 1978 in Canada. His spouse, Toyoko, is Japanese. Their children are schooled in French. The primary focus of Dr. Rudmin research is the psychology of ownership and possession. He is currently an assistant professor in Queen Faculty of Law and School of Business. History of psychology is his pleasure. Peace is his passion. Summary Peace psychology has a history that is both long and prominent. However, that fact is little known and little appreciated, even among contemporary peace-activist psychologists. This article presents 17 brief biographies of psychologists who are part of this important heritage: Pythagoras, Jeremy Bentham, Franz Brentano, William James, August Forel, Ivan Pavlov, Sigmund Freud, James McKeen Cattell, Mary Whiton Calkins, Alexander Chamberlain, Alfred Adler, William McDougall, Edward Tolman, Gordon Allport, Gustav Ichheiser, Margaret Mead, and Charles Osgood. It is important that more recognition and appreciation be given to the long and prominent history of psychology in peace research and peace activism. -
Empfindungsfähigkeit Und Moralischer Status Eine Kritik Der Pathozentrischen Ethik
Empfindungsfähigkeit und moralischer Status Eine Kritik der pathozentrischen Ethik Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie im Fachbereich A Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal vorgelegt von Erasmus Scheuer aus Düsseldorf Wuppertal, im Januar 2018 Die Dissertation kann wie folgt zitiert werden: urn:nbn:de:hbz:468-20180503-133904-3 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ade%3Ahbz% 3A468-20180503-133904-3] alles bleibt wie es ist Geheimnis in einem Geheimnis Muster in einem Muster (Norbert Scheuer – Nichts) Meinen Eltern, Elvira und Norbert Scheuer Vorwort Der Pathozentrismus betrachtet die Leidens- oder Empfindungsfähigkeit aller, auch nichtmenschlicher Spezies als zentrales moralisches Kriterium. Diese Arbeit hat die pathozentrische Position zum Gegenstand und bewegt sich bewusst zwischen Kritik und Verteidigung eines solchen Ansatzes. Einerseits liegen die Schwächen des Pa- thozentrismus m.E. mehr oder weniger offen zu Tage, da die Kluft zwischen Empfin- dungen des Menschen und den Empfindungen anderer Spezies nur schwer inner- halb eines naturwissenschaftlich-physikalistischen Weltbildes überbrückbar erscheint. Andererseits vertrete ich als Verfasser dieser Arbeit die Ansicht, dass eine Erweiterung der Moralobjekte über die Menschen hinaus erfolgen muss, dass das Leiden anderer Kreaturen Teil einer jeden ethischen Betrachtung sein sollte. Der Pa- thozentrismus vertritt mit seinem Kriterium der Leidens- bzw. Empfindungsfähigkeit eine ethische Position, die vom Ansatz her eine Erweiterung der Moralobjekte an- strebt. Aus diesem Grund liegt meine Sympathie beim Pathozentristen. Infolgedes- sen versucht diese Arbeit, einerseits die Kritik am Pathozentrismus aufzuzeigen, an- dererseits dem Pathozentristen auch Argumente an die Hand zu geben, die es ihm erlauben, seine Position zu verteidigen. Der Pathozentrist hat nach meiner Ansicht zwei schwerwiegende und grundlegende Probleme, wenn er seine Ethik innerhalb eines tendenziell physikalistischen Weltbildes zu verteidigen sucht. -
Weber-Fechner Law Forrest W
Plant Pathology and Microbiology Publications Plant Pathology and Microbiology 7-2010 Weber-Fechner Law Forrest W. Nutter Jr. Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/plantpath_pubs Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ plantpath_pubs/71. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant Pathology and Microbiology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Plant Pathology and Microbiology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Weber-Fechner Law Abstract Several models have been proposed in the field of psychophysics to quantify relationships between any stimulus (e.g., touch, sound, light, and smell) and the perceived response by individuals. One such model is referred to as the Weber-Fechner Law. The eW ber −Fechner Law, however, is not one law, but two separate laws: Weber's Law and Fechner's Law. Moreover, not all human senses respond to stimuli according to Fechner's law (in fact many do not). Weber's Law and special cases such as Fechner's Law are each based on the “just noticeable difference threshold” concept. Disciplines Agricultural Science | Agriculture | Plant Pathology Comments This chapter is from Encyclopedia of Research Design (2010): 1612, doi:10.4135/9781412961288.n494. -
The Misogyny of Psychology: a Tribute to Women Often Overlooked
Bowling Green State University ScholarWorks@BGSU Honors Projects Honors College Spring 5-8-2020 The Misogyny of Psychology: A Tribute to Women Often Overlooked Gabrielle Miller [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/honorsprojects Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Psychology Commons Repository Citation Miller, Gabrielle, "The Misogyny of Psychology: A Tribute to Women Often Overlooked" (2020). Honors Projects. 519. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/honorsprojects/519 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@BGSU. Table of Contents Preface 3 Mary Whiton Calkins 4 Melanie Klein 5 Karen Horney 6 Leta Stetter Hollingworth 7 Inez Prosser 8 Anna Freud 9 Mary Ainsworth 10 Bernice Neugarten 11 Mamie Phipps Clark 12 Janet Taylor Spence 13 Florence Denmark 14 Bonnie Strickland 15 Afterword 16 References 18 2 | P a g e Preface The basis for this project stemmed from my passion for spreading positive energy. Additionally, my altruistic values provide me with a strong sense of duty to do the right thing at the same time that I believe it is my responsibility to help others, especially because I have been afforded the luxury of a college education although many others do not share this privilege. Under those circumstances, I wanted to speak on the issue of inequal representation of diverse identities, with special attention to the branches of science which historically refused to give due credit to individuals other than straight, white men. -
Research Methods, Design, and Analysis TWELFTH EDITION • •
GLOBAL EDITION Research Methods, Design, and Analysis TWELFTH EDITION •• Larry B. Christensen • R. Burke Johnson • Lisa A. Turner Executive Editor: Stephen Frail Acquisitions Editor, Global Edition: Sandhya Ghoshal Editorial Assistant: Caroline Beimford Editorial Assistant: Sinjita Basu Marketing Manager: Jeremy Intal Senior Manufacturing Controller, Production, Global Edition: Digital Media Editor: Lisa Dotson Trudy Kimber Media Project Manager: Pam Weldin Senior Operations Supervisor: Mary Fischer Managing Editor: Linda Behrens Operations Specialist: Diane Peirano Production Project Manager: Maria Piper Cover Designer: Head of Learning Asset Acquisitions, Global Edition: Cover Photo: Shutterstock/Tashatuvango Laura Dent Full-Service Project Management: Anandakrishnan Natarajan/ Publishing Operations Director, Global Edition: Angshuman Integra Software Services, Ltd. Chakraborty Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Publishing Administrator and Business Analyst, Global Edition: Shokhi Shah Khandelwal Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsonglobaleditions.com © Pearson Education Limited 2015 The rights of Larry B. Christensen, R. Burke Johnson, and Lisa A. Turner to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Research Methods, Design, and Analysis, 12th edition, -
Points of View in the Modern History of Psychology
Points of View in the Modern History of Psychology Edited by Claude E. Buxton Department of Psychology Yale University New Haven, Connecticut 1985 ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers) Orlando San Diego New York London Toronto Montreal Sydney Tokyo Passages from the following are reprinted by permission of the publishers: Newell, Α., Duncker on Thinking, in S. Koch & D. Leary (Eds.), A Century of Psychology as Science. Copyright 1985 by McGraw-Hill. Neisser, U., Cognitive Psychology. © 1967 by Prentice-Hall. COPYRIGHT © 1985 BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Orlando, Florida 32887 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Main entry under title: Points of view in the modern history of psychology. Includes indexes. 1. Psychology— History. I. Buxton, Claude E. BF81.P57 1985 150\9 85-4010 ISBN 0-12-148510-2 (alk. paper) PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 85 86 87 88 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin. Mitchell G. Ash (295), Department of History, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 William Bevan (259), John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Chicago, Illinois 60603 Arthur L. Blumenthal (19, 51), Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 Claude E.