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Indian Mango – Production and Export Scenario

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Indian Mango – Production and Export Scenario Advanced Agricultural Research & Technology Journal n Vol. III n Issue 1 n JANUARY 2019 ISSN: 2581-3749 (online) IMC-2018 Special Indian Mango – Production and Export Scenario N. J. Thakor* Vishwashanti Colony, Pimple Saudagar, Pune, Maharashtra (India) most important and popular Asian fruits. Cultivation Introduction of Mangoes is deeply embedded in Indian history. According to Indian beliefs, mangoes symbolize the Mango (Mangifera indica Linn) is known the world over life and are used in almost every sacred ritual. Mango as a fruit with many nutritional qualities, as it is rich in leaves are almost always used for festivals and wedding minerals, fibre, vitamins and provitamins. Also referred decorations. The fruit is very popular with the masses to as the “peach of the tropics”, this fruit is one of the due to its wide range of adaptability, high nutritive main types of fruit considered exotic. Because it is sweet, value, richness in variety, delicious taste and excellent refreshing and aromatic, it is commercialized throughout flavour (Anonymous 2013). Mango fruits vary in shape the world. It is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and (nearly round, oval, ovoid-oblong), size and color, the Philippines, and the national tree of Bangladesh. depending upon the variety. Ripe Mangoes may be Approximately 50% of all tropical fruits produced greenish, greenish-yellow, yellow, red, orange, or purple worldwide are mangoes. Mango is commercially grown and weigh from a few grams to kilo grams (2.3 kg). The in more than 80 countries. World production of mango skin is smooth and leathery, surrounding the fleshy, pale- for the year 2014 was more than 46 million tons (FAO- yellow to deep-orange edible portion. The fruits possess STAT 2016). Major Mango producing countries of a single large, flattened, kidney-shaped seed that is the world are India, Brazil, China. Thailand, Egypt, enclosed in a woody husk (Anonymous 2013). Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, and Vietnam. By far, Asian countries produce the largest volumes The fruit is consumed in both forms raw and ripe. The of mangoes worldwide. India is the world’s largest fruit contains nearly 81 per cent moisture, 0.4 per cent producer by a wide margin, with more than 40% of fat, 0.6 per cent proteins, 0.8 per cent of fibres. It also global production. India produced 18.77 million tons contains nearly 17 per cent of carbohydrate. The fruit is of mango of the total world mango production in 2014 rich with important minerals contains important minerals (FAO-STAT 2016). China and Thailand stood at second like Potassium, magnesium, Sodium, Phosphorus, and and third position among mango producing countries in Sulphur. Mangoes are a good source of dietary fibre, the world with 4.77 and 3.43 million tons respectively. therefore, it is associated with a reduced risk of some The other top-ten mango producing countries in the types of cancer, protecting against heart disease and world during 2014 were Mexico (2.20 million tons), cholesterol build up. Mangoes contain over 20 different Indonesia (2.18 million tons), Pakistan (1.61 million vitamins and minerals (Anonymous 2013). Every part tons), Brazil (4.17 million tons), Egypt (1.28 million of the Mango is utilised in some form or another. Bark, tons), Bangladesh (1.16 million tons), and Nigeria (0.92 leaves, skin or pit, all have been concocted into various million tons). Production figures for the top ten mango types of treatments or preventatives down through producing countries of the world for 2014 is given in the centuries (Anonymous 2013). Raw fruits of local Table 1. varieties of Mango trees are used for preparing various traditional products like raw slices in brine, amchur, Importance pickle, murabba, chutney, panhe (sherbet) etc. The wood Mango is the national fruit of India. It is also one of the is used as timber, and dried twigs are used for religious purposes. Mango kernel also contains about 8-10% good quality fat, which can be used for saponification. Corresponding author: [email protected] Its starch is used in confectionery industry (Anonymous Dr. N. J. Thakor is Former Dean, Faculty of Agricultural 2013). Engineering, (DBSKKV) and presently Agricultural Processing and Food Technology Consultant. Mango-Production Received Date: 10/05/2018; Accepted Date: 25/12/2018 India is a fruit hub. It produces more than 90 million 80 Advanced Agricultural Research & Technology Journal n Vol. III n Issue 1 n JANUARY 2019 IMC-2018 Special Table 1: Top Ten Mango producing countries of Table 2. Area and Production of different fruit crops produced the world in 2016 in India for the year 2015-16 Sr. Production Production Sr. Area Production Share Country Name No. (Tonnes) Share (%) No. (000 ha) (000 tonnes) (%) 1 Almond 12 8 0.01 1 India 18779000 40.28 2 Aonla/Gooseberry 88 972 1.08 2 China 4771038 10.23 3 Apple 277 2521 2.80 3 Thailand 3432129 7.36 4 Banana 841 29135 32.31 4 Mexico 2197313 4.71 5 Ber 44 425 0.47 5 Indonesia 2184399 4.68 6 (i) Lime/Lemon 245 2438 2.70 7 (ii) Mandarin 397 4113 4.56 6 Pakistan 1606091 3.44 8 (iii) Sweet Orange 244 3468 3.85 7 Brazil 1417149 3.04 9 (iv) Others 138 1562 1.73 8 Egypt 1277008 2.73 Citrus Total (i to iv) 1024 11581 12.84 9 Bangladesh 1161685 2.49 10 Custardapple 37 298 0.33 11 Grapes 122 2590 2.87 10 Nigeria 917617 1.96 12 Guava 255 4048 4.49 World total 46615462 13 Jackfruit 151 1732 1.92 Source: FAO_Stat, FAO, 2016 14 Kiwi 4 11 0.01 15 Litchi 90 559 0.62 16 Mango 2209 18643 20.67 17 Muskmelon 45 935 1.04 18 Papaya 132 5667 6.28 tonnes of variety of fruits from an area of about 19 Passion Fruit 13 78 0.09 6.3 million hectares. Area and Production of 20 Peach 18 107 0.12 different fruit crops grown in the country (PIB 21 Pear 40 323 0.36 2017) are given in Table 2. One-fifth of the total 22 Picanut 1 1 0.00 fruit produced in the country is mango next to 23 Pineapple 110 1924 2.13 Banana. The mango is cultivated in the largest 24 Plum 22 82 0.09 area of 2,500 thousand ha and the production 25 Pomegranate 197 2306 2.56 is around 18 million tonnes, contributing 40 % 26 Sapota 107 1294 1.43 of the total world production of mango (FAO 27 Strawberry 1 5 0.01 STAT, 2013). The main mango producing states 28 Walnut 92 229 0.25 in India are Uttar Pradesh (23.72%), Andhra 29 Watermelon 95 2325 2.58 Pradesh (18.13%), Telangana (9.61%), Karnataka 30 Others 275 2386 2.65 (9.46%), Bihar (7.28%%), Gujarat (6.09%), Total Fruits 6301 90183 Maharashtra (4.74%) and Tamil Nadu (4.36%) Source: PIB, 2017 (Anonymous, 2016). Mango is grown in India in tropical and subtropical more than 30 lakh tonnes. Production of mango in Maharashtra regions from sea to an altitude of 1500 meters. is about 8.68 lakh tonnes shares 5% of the total production of the It is grown almost in all states of the country. country (Table 3) Details of State wise production of mango in the country is given in Table 3. (Anonymous 2016). Important Mango Varieties Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, India is the home of more than 1000 varieties of mangoes, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, however, only 3% of these are having predominance in the West Bengal and Gujrat are the major states trade and export business. Totapuri, Alphonso, Dasheri, Kesar, having a lion share. Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Banganpalli, Langra and Chausa are few to list (Anonymous Pradesh together produces more than 40 per cent 2013). Different states are having different mango varieties of the mangoes produced by the country. Uttar based on weather, topography and taste characteristics. State Pradesh produces more than 40 lakh tonnes of wise varieties of mango having commercial importance are mangoes followed by Andhra Pradesh producing 81 Advanced Agricultural Research & Technology Journal n Vol. III n Issue 1 n JANUARY 2019 IMC-2018 Special Table 3. State wise production of mango (‘000 tonnes) for 2012 to 2014-15. is most loved by people and is rightly known as the ‘King of Sr. 3 years Share States/UTs 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 No. Mean (%) mangoes’. These mangoes are slightly overpriced compared 1 Uttar Pradesh 4386.99 4300.98 4347.50 4345.16 23.72 to others but nothing can 2 Andhra Pradesh 4406.92 2737.01 2822.08 3322.00 18.13 beat its rich and awesome 3 Telangana --- 1717.88 1801.75 1159.81 9.61 taste. Alphonso mango export has only risen in the last few 4 Karnataka 1795.10 1755.56 1646.51 1732.39 9.46 years owing to its demand in 5 Bihar 1363.80 1367.57 1272.00 1334.46 7.28 the western countries. Fruit is 6 Gujarat 1003.71 1125.61 1219.71 1116.34 6.09 medium in size, ovate oblique in shape, orange yellow in 7 Maharashtra 633.00 1212.50 758.84 868.11 4.74 colour. Juice is moderate- 8 Tamil Nadu 714.08 785.50 896.78 798.79 4.36 abundant, excellent keeping 9 Odisha 753.79 751.02 769.93 758.25 4.14 quality, good for pulping and 10 West Bengal 735.00 430.71 799.65 655.12 3.58 canning. Mainly exported as fresh fruit.
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