DOCSLIB.ORG

Population Size and Habitat Association of Etheostoma Nebra, the Buck Darter, Using Abundance Modeling in the Buck Creek System, Cumberland River Drainage, Kentucky

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Eastern Kentucky University Encompass Online Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship January 2018 Population Size And Habitat Association Of Etheostoma Nebra, The Buck Darter, Using Abundance Modeling In The Buck Creek System, Cumberland River Drainage, Kentucky Harold Davidson Black Eastern Kentucky University Follow this and additional works at: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd Part of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Black, Harold Davidson, "Population Size And Habitat Association Of Etheostoma Nebra, The Buck Darter, Using Abundance Modeling In The Buck Creek System, Cumberland River Drainage, Kentucky" (2018). Online Theses and Dissertations. 512. https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/512 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Encompass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Online Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Encompass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POPULATION SIZE AND HABITAT ASSOCIATION OF ETHEOSTOMA NEBRA, THE BUCK DARTER, USING ABUNDANCE MODELING IN THE BUCK CREEK SYSTEM, CUMBERLAND RIVER DRAINAGE, KENTUCKY BY HAROLD DAVIDSON BLACK Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Eastern Kentucky University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE 2018 © Copyright by HAROLD DAVIDSON BLACK 2018 All Rights Reserved. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my parents, Harold and Patricia Black, for their continued love and support during this academic pursuit. Ethan Buland and Peter Grap provided field assistance during the bulk of this study, and Alex Baecher offered his knowledge and insight on statistics. I thank Drs. Amy Braccia, David Brown, and Michael Floyd for serving on my graduate advisory committee and for providing helpful editorial comments on the final draft of the manuscript. I would also like to give special thanks to my advisor, Dr. Sherry Harrel, whose advice, patience, and encouragement made this academic pursuit possible. Funding for this research was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Kentucky Waterways Alliance, the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, the Kentucky Society of Natural History, and Eastern Kentucky University Department of Biological Sciences. iii ABSTRACT Etheostoma nebra (Buck Darter) is a recently described fish species confined to the Buck Creek system, Cumberland River drainage, Kentucky. A 2010-2012 survey of Buck Creek by Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources personnel observed E. nebra at 2 of 47 historical sites. Within the entire system, individuals were found only in Flat Lick Creek around the confluence of two spring-fed tributaries, Big Spring Branch and Stewart Branch. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine population size, demographics, and habitat association of E. nebra in Big Spring Branch and Stewart Branch, (2) evaluate habitat conditions both within extant range and historical range, (3) complete fish surveys within the species’ historical range, and (4) monitor and compare water quality at extant and historical localities within the system. Totals of 75 and 86 individuals of E. nebra were captured in Big Spring Branch and Stewart Branch, respectively; however, no individuals were observed in Buck Creek or other tributaries. In both extant populations, average total Length of males exceeded that of females (TLmales = 63.5 mm, TLfemales = 54.5 mm). Using N-Mixture models to predict abundance based on measured habitat variables and to account for imperfect detection, the total population in both streams was estimated to consist of approximately 17,000 individuals. Analyses of the two occupied streams yielded higher abundance estimates of E. nebra in Big Spring Branch. Important habitat variables associated with their abundance included a mixture of substrate size classes resulting in habitat complexity. Pebble and cobble showed positive relationships with predictions of increased E. nebra abundance. Comparison of occupied and unoccupied plots within Big Spring Branch and iv Stewart Branch showed significant differences in most of the habitat variables (i.e. maximum depth, average depth, median substrate type, and presence of canopy). However, when unoccupied plots from historical streams were added and compared to occupied plots, few habitat variables showed significant differences. This indicated that unoccupied plots at historical streams had similar habitat conditions compared to occupied plots of Stewart and Big Spring Branch, and thus, habitat conditions were most likely not contributing to the disappearance of E. nebra at these streams. Average conductivity was higher in occupied streams than historical streams across seasons (Occupied: 342 μS/cm, Unoccupied: 146 μS/cm). Additionally, with more springs present, occupied streams exhibited warmer average winter temperatures and lower average summer temperatures than unoccupied streams (Range of monthly temperatures, Occupied: 11.6- 20.6 ℃, Unoccupied: 9.2- 23.9 ℃). Spawning activity of E. nebra was observed through July, and lower summer water temperatures could be a contributing factor to the species’ persistence in these two streams. These results will aid cooperating natural resource agencies in making decisions toward management and conservation of this imperiled species. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE Chapter I: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter II: Methods ............................................................................................................ 5 Study Area ............................................................................................................... 5 Study Design............................................................................................................ 7 Physicochemical, Habitat, and Fish Sampling: Big Spring Branch and Stewart Branch ..................................................................................................................... 8 Physiochemical, Habitat, and Fish Sampling: Buck Creek System .......................... 9 Monitoring of Seasonal Stream Temperature and Conductivity .......................... 10 Data Analysis: Population Structure ..................................................................... 13 Data Analysis: N-Mixture Modeling Population Estimate .................................... 13 Data Analysis: Habitat Association ....................................................................... 14 Data Analysis: Temperature and Conductivity Data ............................................. 15 Chapter III: Results ............................................................................................................ 17 Population Structure ............................................................................................. 17 Population Estimates ............................................................................................ 20 Habitat Association ............................................................................................... 20 Fish Surveys of Historical Range ........................................................................... 28 HOBO Logger Data ................................................................................................ 28 Chapter IV: Discussion ...................................................................................................... 32 References ........................................................................................................................ 41 vi APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................... 45 Appendix A: Summary of quantitative survey reaches within Big Spring Branch and Stewart Branch, Buck Creek system, Kentucky (2017). .................................. 46 Appendix B: Summary of 2016-2017 qualitative survey reaches in the Buck Creek system, Kentucky. ........................................................................................... 48 Appendix C: Summary of data logger locations within the Buck Creek system, Kentucky (2017). ............................................................................................. 50 Appendix D: AICc table of N-Mixture models for Etheostoma nebra abundance in Big Spring Branch and Stewart Branch, Buck Creek system, Pulaski County, KY (2017). ............................................................................................................. 52 Appendix E: Summary of fishes observed at all qualitative and quantitative (not included in the population estimate) reaches within the Buck Creek system, Kentucky (2016-2017). .................................................................................... 54 vii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE Figure 1. Map of the Buck Creek system in Pulaski, Lincoln, and Rockcastle counties of Kentucky; showing watershed area, ecoregion boundaries, and springs. ........ 6 Figure 2. Map of Big Spring Branch and Stewart Branch within the Flat Lick Creek system, showing 2017 survey sites and reaches. .............................................. 8 Figure 3. Map showing the sites sampled in the 2016-2017 survey efforts of historical collection locations and other localities within the Buck Creek system, Kentucky. ........................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Species Status Assessment Report for the Barrens Darter (Etheostoma Forbesi)

    Species Status Assessment Report for the Barrens Darter (Etheostoma Forbesi)

    Species Status Assessment Report for the Barrens Darter (Etheostoma forbesi) Version 2.0 Acknowledgements: This Species Status Assessment would not have been possible without the research and assistance of Dr. Richard Harrington, Yale University Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Dr. Hayden Mattingly and his students, Tennessee Tech University School of Environmental Studies, Dr. John Johansen, Austin Peay State University Department of Biology, and Mark Thurman, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2: Biology and Life History ........................................................................................... 4 Taxonomy ................................................................................................................................ 4 Genetic Diversity ..................................................................................................................... 5 Morphological Description ...................................................................................................... 5 Habitat ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Lifecycle .................................................................................................................................. 7 Population Needs ....................................................................................................................
  • Fish Inventory at Stones River National Battlefield

    Fish Inventory at Stones River National Battlefield

    Fish Inventory at Stones River National Battlefield Submitted to: Department of the Interior National Park Service Cumberland Piedmont Network By Dennis Mullen Professor of Biology Department of Biology Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro, TN 37132 September 2006 Striped Shiner (Luxilus chrysocephalus) – nuptial male From Lytle Creek at Fortress Rosecrans Photograph by D. Mullen Table of Contents List of Tables……………………………………………………………………….iii List of Figures………………………………………………………………………iv List of Appendices…………………………………………………………………..v Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………...……..2 Methods……………………………………………………………………………...3 Results……………………………………………………………………………….7 Discussion………………………………………………………………………….10 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………...14 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………………….15 ii List of Tables Table1: Location and physical characteristics (during September 2006, and only for the riverine sites) of sample sites for the STRI fish inventory………………………………17 Table 2: Biotic Integrity classes used in assessing fish communities along with general descriptions of their attributes (Karr et al. 1986) ………………………………………18 Table 3: List of fishes potentially occurring in aquatic habitats in and around Stones River National Battlefield………………………………………………………………..19 Table 4: Fish species list (by site) of aquatic habitats at STRI (October 2004 – August 2006). MF = McFadden’s Ford, KP = King Pond, RB = Redoubt Brannan, UP = Unnamed Pond at Redoubt Brannan, LC = Lytle Creek at Fortress Rosecrans……...….22 Table 5: Fish Species Richness estimates for the 3 riverine reaches of STRI and a composite estimate for STRI as a whole…………………………………………………24 Table 6: Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores for three stream reaches at Stones River National Battlefield during August 2005………………………………………………...25 Table 7: Temperature and water chemistry of four of the STRI sample sites for each sampling date…………………………………………………………………………….26 Table 8 : Total length estimates of specific habitat types at each riverine sample site.
  • A Thesis Entitled Molecular, Morphological, and Biogeographic Resolution of Cryptic Taxa in the Greenside Darter Etheostoma Blen

    A Thesis Entitled Molecular, Morphological, and Biogeographic Resolution of Cryptic Taxa in the Greenside Darter Etheostoma Blen

    A Thesis Entitled Molecular, morphological, and biogeographic resolution of cryptic taxa in the Greenside Darter Etheostoma blennioides complex By Amanda E. Haponski Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Science Degree in Biology (Ecology-track) ____________________________ Advisor: Dr. Carol A. Stepien ____________________________ Committee Member: Dr. Timothy G. Fisher ____________________________ Committee Member: Dr. Johan F. Gottgens ____________________________ College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo December 2007 Copyright © 2007 This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of Molecular, morphological, and biogeographic resolution of cryptic taxa in the Greenside Darter Etheostoma blennioides complex Amanda E. Haponski Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Science Degree in Biology (Ecology-track) The University of Toledo December 2007 DNA sequencing has led to the resolution of many cryptic taxa, which are especially prevalent in the North American darter fishes (Family Percidae). The Greenside Darter Etheostoma blennioides commonly occurs in the lower Great Lakes region, where two putative subspecies, the eastern “Allegheny” type E. b. blennioides and the western “Prairie” type E. b. pholidotum , overlap. The objective of this study was to test the systematic identity and genetic divergence distinguishing the two subspecies in areas of sympatry and allopatry in comparison to other subspecies and close relatives. DNA sequences from the mtDNA cytochrome b gene and control region and the nuclear S7 intron 1 comprising a total of 1,497 bp were compared from 294 individuals across 18 locations, including the Lake Erie basin and the Allegheny, Meramec, Obey, Ohio, Rockcastle, Susquehanna, and Wabash River systems.
  • C:\Fish\Eastern Sand Darter Sa.Wpd

    C:\Fish\Eastern Sand Darter Sa.Wpd

    EASTERN SAND DARTER STATUS ASSESSMENT Prepared by: David Grandmaison and Joseph Mayasich Natural Resources Research Institute University of Minnesota 5013 Miller Trunk Highway Duluth, MN 55811-1442 and David Etnier Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee 569 Dabney Hall Knoxville, TN 37996-1610 Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 1 Federal Drive Fort Snelling, MN 55111 January 2004 NRRI Technical Report No. NRRI/TR-2003/40 DISCLAIMER This document is a compilation of biological data and a description of past, present, and likely future threats to the eastern sand darter, Ammocrypta pellucida (Agassiz). It does not represent a decision by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) on whether this taxon should be designated as a candidate species for listing as threatened or endangered under the Federal Endangered Species Act. That decision will be made by the Service after reviewing this document; other relevant biological and threat data not included herein; and all relevant laws, regulations, and policies. The result of the decision will be posted on the Service's Region 3 Web site (refer to: http://midwest.fws.gov/eco_serv/endangrd/lists/concern.html). If designated as a candidate species, the taxon will subsequently be added to the Service's candidate species list that is periodically published in the Federal Register and posted on the World Wide Web (refer to: http://endangered.fws.gov/wildlife.html). Even if the taxon does not warrant candidate status it should benefit from the conservation recommendations that are contained in this document. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER...................................................................
  • Endangered Species

    Endangered Species

    FEATURE: ENDANGERED SPECIES Conservation Status of Imperiled North American Freshwater and Diadromous Fishes ABSTRACT: This is the third compilation of imperiled (i.e., endangered, threatened, vulnerable) plus extinct freshwater and diadromous fishes of North America prepared by the American Fisheries Society’s Endangered Species Committee. Since the last revision in 1989, imperilment of inland fishes has increased substantially. This list includes 700 extant taxa representing 133 genera and 36 families, a 92% increase over the 364 listed in 1989. The increase reflects the addition of distinct populations, previously non-imperiled fishes, and recently described or discovered taxa. Approximately 39% of described fish species of the continent are imperiled. There are 230 vulnerable, 190 threatened, and 280 endangered extant taxa, and 61 taxa presumed extinct or extirpated from nature. Of those that were imperiled in 1989, most (89%) are the same or worse in conservation status; only 6% have improved in status, and 5% were delisted for various reasons. Habitat degradation and nonindigenous species are the main threats to at-risk fishes, many of which are restricted to small ranges. Documenting the diversity and status of rare fishes is a critical step in identifying and implementing appropriate actions necessary for their protection and management. Howard L. Jelks, Frank McCormick, Stephen J. Walsh, Joseph S. Nelson, Noel M. Burkhead, Steven P. Platania, Salvador Contreras-Balderas, Brady A. Porter, Edmundo Díaz-Pardo, Claude B. Renaud, Dean A. Hendrickson, Juan Jacobo Schmitter-Soto, John Lyons, Eric B. Taylor, and Nicholas E. Mandrak, Melvin L. Warren, Jr. Jelks, Walsh, and Burkhead are research McCormick is a biologist with the biologists with the U.S.
  • ECOLOGY of NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES

    ECOLOGY of NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES

    ECOLOGY of NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Tables STEPHEN T. ROSS University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London © 2013 by The Regents of the University of California ISBN 978-0-520-24945-5 uucp-ross-book-color.indbcp-ross-book-color.indb 1 44/5/13/5/13 88:34:34 AAMM uucp-ross-book-color.indbcp-ross-book-color.indb 2 44/5/13/5/13 88:34:34 AAMM TABLE 1.1 Families Composing 95% of North American Freshwater Fish Species Ranked by the Number of Native Species Number Cumulative Family of species percent Cyprinidae 297 28 Percidae 186 45 Catostomidae 71 51 Poeciliidae 69 58 Ictaluridae 46 62 Goodeidae 45 66 Atherinopsidae 39 70 Salmonidae 38 74 Cyprinodontidae 35 77 Fundulidae 34 80 Centrarchidae 31 83 Cottidae 30 86 Petromyzontidae 21 88 Cichlidae 16 89 Clupeidae 10 90 Eleotridae 10 91 Acipenseridae 8 92 Osmeridae 6 92 Elassomatidae 6 93 Gobiidae 6 93 Amblyopsidae 6 94 Pimelodidae 6 94 Gasterosteidae 5 95 source: Compiled primarily from Mayden (1992), Nelson et al. (2004), and Miller and Norris (2005). uucp-ross-book-color.indbcp-ross-book-color.indb 3 44/5/13/5/13 88:34:34 AAMM TABLE 3.1 Biogeographic Relationships of Species from a Sample of Fishes from the Ouachita River, Arkansas, at the Confl uence with the Little Missouri River (Ross, pers. observ.) Origin/ Pre- Pleistocene Taxa distribution Source Highland Stoneroller, Campostoma spadiceum 2 Mayden 1987a; Blum et al. 2008; Cashner et al. 2010 Blacktail Shiner, Cyprinella venusta 3 Mayden 1987a Steelcolor Shiner, Cyprinella whipplei 1 Mayden 1987a Redfi n Shiner, Lythrurus umbratilis 4 Mayden 1987a Bigeye Shiner, Notropis boops 1 Wiley and Mayden 1985; Mayden 1987a Bullhead Minnow, Pimephales vigilax 4 Mayden 1987a Mountain Madtom, Noturus eleutherus 2a Mayden 1985, 1987a Creole Darter, Etheostoma collettei 2a Mayden 1985 Orangebelly Darter, Etheostoma radiosum 2a Page 1983; Mayden 1985, 1987a Speckled Darter, Etheostoma stigmaeum 3 Page 1983; Simon 1997 Redspot Darter, Etheostoma artesiae 3 Mayden 1985; Piller et al.
  • BREAK-OUT SESSIONS at a GLANCE THURSDAY, 24 JULY, Afternoon Sessions

    BREAK-OUT SESSIONS at a GLANCE THURSDAY, 24 JULY, Afternoon Sessions

    2008 Joint Meeting (JMIH), Montreal, Canada BREAK-OUT SESSIONS AT A GLANCE THURSDAY, 24 JULY, Afternoon Sessions ROOM Salon Drummond West & Center Salons A&B Salons 6&7 SESSION/ Fish Ecology I Herp Behavior Fish Morphology & Histology I SYMPOSIUM MODERATOR J Knouft M Whiting M Dean 1:30 PM M Whiting M Dean Can She-male Flat Lizards (Platysaurus broadleyi) use Micro-mechanics and material properties of the Multiple Signals to Deceive Male Rivals? tessellated skeleton of cartilaginous fishes 1:45 PM J Webb M Paulissen K Conway - GDM The interopercular-preopercular articulation: a novel Is prey detection mediated by the widened lateral line Variation In Spatial Learning Within And Between Two feature suggesting a close relationship between canal system in the Lake Malawi cichlid, Aulonocara Species Of North American Skinks Psilorhynchus and labeonin cyprinids (Ostariophysi: hansbaenchi? Cypriniformes) 2:00 PM I Dolinsek M Venesky D Adriaens Homing And Straying Following Experimental Effects of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infections on Biting for Blood: A Novel Jaw Mechanism in Translocation Of PIT Tagged Fishes larval foraging performance Haematophagous Candirú Catfish (Vandellia sp.) 2:15 PM Z Benzaken K Summers J Bagley - GDM Taxonomy, population genetics, and body shape The tale of the two shoals: How individual experience A Key Ecological Trait Drives the Evolution of Monogamy variation of Alabama spotted bass Micropterus influences shoal behaviour in a Peruvian Poison Frog punctulatus henshalli 2:30 PM M Pyron K Parris L Chapman
  • A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States And

    A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States And

    t a AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY QL 614 .A43 V.2 .A 4-3 AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY Special Publication No. 2 A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes -^ ru from the United States m CD and Canada (SECOND EDITION) A/^Ssrf>* '-^\ —---^ Report of the Committee on Names of Fishes, Presented at the Ei^ty-ninth Annual Meeting, Clearwater, Florida, September 16-18, 1959 Reeve M. Bailey, Chairman Ernest A. Lachner, C. C. Lindsey, C. Richard Robins Phil M. Roedel, W. B. Scott, Loren P. Woods Ann Arbor, Michigan • 1960 Copies of this publication may be purchased for $1.00 each (paper cover) or $2.00 (cloth cover). Orders, accompanied by remittance payable to the American Fisheries Society, should be addressed to E. A. Seaman, Secretary-Treasurer, American Fisheries Society, Box 483, McLean, Virginia. Copyright 1960 American Fisheries Society Printed by Waverly Press, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland lutroduction This second list of the names of fishes of The shore fishes from Greenland, eastern the United States and Canada is not sim- Canada and the United States, and the ply a reprinting with corrections, but con- northern Gulf of Mexico to the mouth of stitutes a major revision and enlargement. the Rio Grande are included, but those The earlier list, published in 1948 as Special from Iceland, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Cuba Publication No. 1 of the American Fisheries and the other West Indian islands, and Society, has been widely used and has Mexico are excluded unless they occur also contributed substantially toward its goal of in the region covered. In the Pacific, the achieving uniformity and avoiding confusion area treated includes that part of the conti- in nomenclature.
  • Underwater Observation and Habitat Utilization of Three Rare Darters

    Underwater Observation and Habitat Utilization of Three Rare Darters

    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2010 Underwater observation and habitat utilization of three rare darters (Etheostoma cinereum, Percina burtoni, and Percina williamsi) in the Little River, Blount County, Tennessee Robert Trenton Jett University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Jett, Robert Trenton, "Underwater observation and habitat utilization of three rare darters (Etheostoma cinereum, Percina burtoni, and Percina williamsi) in the Little River, Blount County, Tennessee. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2010. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/636 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Robert Trenton Jett entitled "Underwater observation and habitat utilization of three rare darters (Etheostoma cinereum, Percina burtoni, and Percina williamsi) in the Little River, Blount County, Tennessee." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Wildlife and Fisheries Science. James L. Wilson, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: David A. Etnier, Jason G.
  • Fish of a Fish of A

    Fish of a Fish of A

    Small members of the perch family live their lives on the bottoms of many Illinois streams— and go largely unnoticed. Story By Rob Miller Photos By William N. Roston DDiiffffeeFFiirrsshheeoonnff atat Logperch darter CCoolloorr s many amateur aquar - umn, but allows them to stay put in Darters feed on a variety of items, including ists will attest, perhaps fast-moving water, one of their favorite small crustaceans, midges, mayflies and crayfish. some of the most beau - habitats. Logperch ( Percina caprodes ) can use their tiful and unique fishes Darters spend the majority of their are found not in some lives in relative obscurity on the stream snout to turn over rocks to find food and will do Afaraway tropical paradise, but in streams bottom, using their coloration to blend A so quite readily in an aquarium setting. running through the Prairie State. into their surroundings and avoid pre - Diminutive in size, this largely dation. Supported by their front fins, unknown group of fish is second only to darters often remain motionless on the darters which have pallid coloration and the minnow family in diversity and abun - bottom, and when alarmed, they dart a preference for sand; and Etheostoma , dance. They occupy a wide variety of off quickly to the nearest cover, hence a large and diverse genus with 16 habitat types, but many species have their name. species occurring in Illinois. specialized requirements and are sensi - Darters are relatively restricted in While most darter species require tive to degradation. Related to the wall - their distribution in North America, specific habitat conditions—swamps, eye, sauger and yellow perch, which are occurring primarily in the Mississippi sloughs, backwater areas or specific more familiar to most anglers, this group River system.
  • Comparative Growth, Reproduction, Habitat and Food Utilization Of

    Comparative Growth, Reproduction, Habitat and Food Utilization Of

    Conservation Biology Research Grant Program Nongame Wildlife Program Division of Ecological Services Minnesota Department of Natural Resources COMPARATIVE GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, HABITAT AND FOOD UTILIZATION 0F DARTERS Of THE ST. CROIX RIVER DRAINAGE FINAL REPORT Submitted to: Lee Ann Pfannmuller Nongame Wildlife Program Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Box 7, 500 Lafayette Road St. Paul, Minnesota 55146 Submitted by: Jay T. Hatch, Ph.D. Division of Science, Business, and Mathematics General College University of Minnesota 216 Pillsbury Dr. SE Minneapolis, MN 55455 February 24, 1986 Introduction One of the most abundant and ubiquitous groups of nongame fishes found in Minnesota is the darter group (Percidae: Etheostomatini). These lively and colorful fishes inhabit nearly all of our streams and rivers and many of our lakes (Eddy and Underhill, 1974). We know in general that darters play an important role in the trophic structure of stream ecosystems (Cummins 1980), and we know that some species are important indicators of general water quality (Gerking 1945; Smith 1971; Pflieger 1975; Burr 1980; Karr 1981). Yet, we know very little about the specific life histories of the darters of our state, and we know even less about how their resource utilization patterns change with changes in habitat and community structure. To date, only three life history studies have been cared out on Minnesota darter populations. Erickson (1977) studied the banded darter (Etheostoma zonale) in the Cannon River; Coon (1982) studied several aspects of the comparative ecology of the rainbow (E. coeruleum), fantail (E. flabellare) and Johnny (E. nigrum) darters in the Root River; and Hatch (1982, 1986) studied the gilt darter (Percina evides) in the St.
  • Does Intersex Matter? a Case Study of Rainbow Darter in the Grand River

    Does Intersex Matter? a Case Study of Rainbow Darter in the Grand River

    Does intersex matter? A case study of rainbow darter in the Grand River by Meghan Fuzzen A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2016 © Meghan Fuzzen 2016 AUTHOR'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are present in the environment and can have negative effects on the health of wildlife. Aquatic organisms residing near the outfalls of municipal wastewater effluent (MWWE) are chronically exposed to EDCs, including natural hormones, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals. The vulnerability of aquatic organisms to these compounds is due to the evolutionary conservation of endocrine systems. Although numerous studies have indicated that compounds in MWWE, including estrogenic and anti-androgenic contaminants, feminize male fish, it is still uncertain what the consequences of feminization of male fish are. Research on this topic since the early 1990’s has demonstrated that a multitude of compounds in MWWE, are capable of binding to estrogen receptors in fish. Key biomarkers of estrogen exposure are elevation of vitellogenin protein and gene expression levels, as well as the presence of female tissue in male gonads; a condition referred to as intersex. The feminization of male fish and intersex condition has been noted in populations of fish around the world including rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) in the Grand River, Ontario, Canada.