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Archives, the Digital Turn and Governance in Africa Fabienne
This article has been published in a revised form in History in Africa, 47. pp. 101-118. https://doi.org/10.1017/hia.2019.26 This version is published under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND. No commercial re-distribution or re-use allowed. Derivative works cannot be distributed. © African Studies Association 2019 Accepted version downloaded from SOAS Research Online: http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/34231 Archives, the Digital Turn and Governance in Africa Fabienne Chamelot PhD candidate University of Portsmouth School of Area Studies, History, Politics and Literature Park Building King Henry I Street Portsmouth PO1 2DZ United Kingdom +44(0)7927412143 [email protected] Dr Vincent Hiribaren Senior Lecturer in Modern African History History Department King’s College London Strand London, WC2R 2LS United Kingdom 1 [email protected] Dr Marie Rodet Senior Lecturer in the History of Africa SOAS University of London School of History, Philosophies and Religion Studies 10 Thornhaugh Street Russell Square London WC1H 0XG United Kingdom +44 (0)20 7898 4606 [email protected] 2 Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank Yann Potin, along with the scholars who kindly suggested changes to our introduction at the European Conference of African Studies (2019) and those who agreed to participate in the peer-review process. 3 This manuscript has not been previously published and is not under review for publication elsewhere. 4 Fabienne Chamelot is a PhD student at the University of Portsmouth. Her research explores the making of colonial archives in the 20th century, with French West Africa and the Indochinese Union as its specific focus. -
1 2011 Curriculum Vitae Susan J. Rasmussen
1 2011 Curriculum Vitae Susan J. Rasmussen, Anthropology Areas of Research Specialization: Religion and Symbolism; Gender; Aging and Life Course; Healing and Personhood; Verbal Art and Performance; Anthropology and Human Rights; Culture Theories, in particular in relation to aesthetics and the senses; Ethnographic Analysis, in particular in relation to memory and personal narrative; African Humanities Telephone (office) (713)743-3987 Mailing Address Susan J. Rasmussen Professor of Anthropology Department of Comparative Cultural Studies and Anthropology McElhinney Hall University of Houston Houston, Texas 77204-5020 USA e-mail [email protected] fax (713)743-3798 Academic Training Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana Ph.D. in Anthropology, minor African Studies; May 1986 University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois M.A. in Social Sciences and Cross-Cultural Studies; 1973 Faculte de lettres, Universite de Dijon, Dijon, France Certificate in French language and culture; 1969 Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois B.A. in Anthropology; June, 1971 Teaching and Professional Experience University of Houston, Department of Anthropology, Houston, Texas (August, 1990-present; tenured, 1996, promoted to Full Professor 2000) Professor, Anthropology Smithsonian Institution, Department of Anthropology, NHB Stop 112, Washington, D.C. 20560 (1989-90) Postdoctoral Research Fellow University of Florida, Center for African Studies and Department of Anthropology, Gainesville, Florida (1987-89) Outreach Coordinator and Visiting Professor IUPUI-Columbus, -
The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021
PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • B The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • i The Muslim 500: The World’s 500 Most Influential Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer Muslims, 2021 Editor: Dr Tarek Elgawhary ISBN: print: 978-9957-635-57-2 Managing Editor: Mr Aftab Ahmed e-book: 978-9957-635-56-5 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Jordan National Library Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour Deposit No: 2020/10/4503 Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, © 2020 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre Zeinab Asfour, Noora Chahine, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq PO BOX 950361 Typeset by: Haji M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN www.rissc.jo All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic, including photocopying or recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily reflect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courte- sy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi MABDA • Contents • INTRODUCTION 1 Persons of the Year - 2021 5 A Selected Surveyof the Muslim World 7 COVID-19 Special Report: Covid-19 Comparing International Policy Effectiveness 25 THE HOUSE OF ISLAM 49 THE -
West African Antislavery Movements: Citizenship Struggles and the Legacies of Slavery
Stichproben. Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien Nr. 20/2011, 11. Jg., 141‐162. West African Antislavery Movements: Citizenship Struggles and the Legacies of Slavery Eric Hahonou & Lotte Pelckmans Abstract: This article analyzes the recent emergence of West African social movements that are putting social inequalities on the agenda of their respective government. Our focus is on the social movements of slave descendants in Benin, Mali, Mauritania and Niger. These ‘anti‐slavery movements’ (ASMs) are addressing the legacies of slavery. Although slavery at the first glance seems to be an issue related to the past, its legacies matter in contemporary West African societies because they are impeding access to citizenship. We aim to develop an integrated understanding of how and why ASMs are trying to change these legacies, under which circumstances they appeared, and what their claims and achievements are. We analyse eight ASMs in a comparative perspective. Antislavery claims are situated at the crossroads of two conflicting ideologies: democracy vs. aristocracy. The central claims of all these movements are identity based and deal with socio‐economic inequalities such as access to land, equal justice, inheritance, and political representation. In West African contexts of political and institutional reform implementation, demands for recognition of new identities are a way of accessing resources. We argue that social movements such as anti‐slavery struggles concerning identity are not replacing struggles over material issues, as observed by social movement theorists in European contexts, but are closely interlinked. 142 Stichproben ASMs were amongst the first successful global transnational movements (Tilly/Tarrow 2006: 1). The British anti‐slavery movement that emerged in the late 18th century resulted in the abolition of slavery and the end of the British involvement in the transatlantic slave trade. -
The History of Slavery Covers Slave Systems in Historical Perspective In
The history of slavery covers slave systems in historical perspective in which one human being is legally the property of another, can be bought or sold, is not allowed to escape and must work for the owner without any choice involved. As Drescher (2009) argues, "The most crucial and frequently utilized aspect of the condition is a communally recognized right by some individuals to possess, buy, sell, discipline, transport, liberate, or otherwise dispose of the bodies and behavior of other individuals."[1] An integral element is that children of a slave mother automatically become slaves.[2] It does not include historical forced labor by prisoners, labor camps, or other forms of unfree labor in which laborers are not considered property. Slavery can be traced back to the earliest records, such as the Code of Hammurabi (c. 1760 BC), which refers to it as an established institution.[3] Slavery is rare among hunter-gatherer populations as slavery depends on a system of social stratification. Slavery typically also requires a shortage of labor and a surplus of land to be viable.[4] David P. Forsythe wrote: "The fact remained that at the beginning of the nineteenth century an estimated three-quarters of all people alive were trapped in bondage against their will either in some form of slavery or serfdom."[5] Slavery is no longer legal anywhere in the world.[6] Mauritania abolished it in law in 1981[7] and was the last country to do so – see Abolition of slavery timeline. However, the number of slaves today is higher than at any point in history,[8] -
Language and Identity in an Indian Diaspora: "Multiculturalism" and Ethno-Linguistic Communities in Mauritius1
Internationales Asienforum, Vol. 33 (2002), No. 1-2, p. 101-114 Language and Identity in an Indian Diaspora: "Multiculturalism" and Ethno-linguistic Communities in Mauritius1 PATRICK EISENLOHR 1. Introduction For quite some time South Asian diasporic populations have attracted the attention of researchers as instances of culture "transplanted" across the world. Earlier works typically compared South Asian diasporas with condi tions "back home" on the Indian subcontinent and sought to determine processes of cultural retention and attenuation in this regard (Jayawardena 1966; Moore 1977; Schwartz 1967). More recent approaches to the South Asian diaspora have avoided the image of such populations as "extensions" of South Asia involved in trends of "acculturation" to new overseas environ ments. Rather than exclusively assessing manifestations of "Indian culture" as elements preexisting the migration, which are either eroded in a new environment or retained against pressures of "acculturation," such cultural manifestations are now understood to be the product of changing political circumstances in the diasporic locations. They can thus be seen as new cultural responses to such situations (Vertovec 1994; van der Veer and Vertovec 1991). Also, "diaspora" is increasingly understood as a condition which not only exists by virtue of the displacement of a population, but as a conscious category, a form of ideological allegiance to what is now considered a "homeland." (Anderson 1994; Appadurai 1996), i.e. diasporas do not exist "objectively" on the basis of a documented historical case of migration, voluntary or involuntary, but through the tabor of memory, and the con ceptual transformation of places of departure into "homelands." Such newly Fieldwork in Mauritius was carried out in 1996 and 1997- 1998 and supported by the University of Chicago Council for Advanced Studies in Peace and International Coop eration (CASPIC) and the Wenner-Gren Foundation. -
Travelling Hierarchies: Roads in and out of Slave Status in a Central Malian Fulbe Network Pelckmans, L
Travelling hierarchies: roads in and out of slave status in a Central Malian Fulbe network Pelckmans, L. Citation Pelckmans, L. (2011). Travelling hierarchies: roads in and out of slave status in a Central Malian Fulbe network. Leiden: African Studies Centre. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/17911 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/17911 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Travelling hierarchies African Studies Centre African Studies Collection, Vol. 34 Travelling hierarchies Roads in and out of slave status in a Central Malian Fulɓe network Lotte Pelckmans African Studies Centre P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden The Netherlands [email protected] http://www.ascleiden.nl Cover design: Heike Slingerland Cover photo: Humoristic painting about the difficulties on the road, handpainted by Bamako- based artist L. Kante Photographs: Lotte Pelckmans Maps drawn by Nel de Vink Printed by Ipskamp Drukkers, Enschede ISSN: 1876-018X ISBN: 978-90-5448-105-8 © Lotte Pelckmans, 2011 Contents List of maps, photos, images, tables and figures viii Acknowledgments: Some words of thanks and belonging x Notes on transliteration and orthography xv INTRODUCTION 1 Setting the scene 1 Questions and eyebrows raised 3 Emic notions guiding the research problematic 7 The Road: Trajectories in and out of the cultural field of hierarchy 14 Methodological considerations 16 The Rope, the Head and the Road in anthropological debates 18 Zooming in: An overview of the chapters 30 1. PRESENT(-ED) PASTS 33 A disturbing past 33 The formation of hierarchies in the Haayre region 35 Contested histories 49 Conclusions: Presenting the past over time 63 2. -
Religion and Diaspora: Islam As Ancestral Heritage in Mauritius
Journal of Muslims in Europe 5 (2016) 87-105 brill.com/jome Religion and Diaspora: Islam as Ancestral Heritage in Mauritius Patrick Eisenlohr Georg-August-Universität Göttingen [email protected] Abstract Orientation towards a point of political and historical allegiance outside the bound- aries of the nation-state is often taken to be a defining quality of diasporas, and this aligns with the ubiquitous tendency of Islamic practice to engage with sources of long- distance, or indeed global, religious authority. In this article, I shall investigate the dimensions of religious and political long-distance allegiances by analysing Mauritian Muslims as a diasporic formation. Looking at debates between proponents of Barelwi, Deobandi and Salafi traditions of Islam and disagreements between Urdu and Arabic as ‘ancestral languages’, I show the malleability of diasporic orientations manifest in such ‘ancestral culture’. This is not just a matter of theological contestation, but represents forms of belonging driven by local politics in a context where the state privileges the engagement with major, standardised forms of religious tradition as ancestral heritage. Keywords Islam – Mauritius – South Asia – heritage – citizenship Anthropology of Islam and the Notion of Diaspora Moving beyond older dichotomies of ‘folk’ or ‘tribal’ against ‘scriptural’ or ‘urban’ Islam (Gellner, 1981; Geertz, 1968), in recent decades anthropologists have problematised the opposition of local versus universal Islam (Bowen, 1992, 1993; Varisco, 2005). Recognising Islam as a profoundly trans-local, indeed global, religious tradition that at the same time is deeply embedded in a diver- sity of cultural contexts, they have turned their attention to the forms and © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2016 | doi 10.1163/22117954-12341320 88 Eisenlohr practices that mediate between the trans-local and the local in lived Islam. -
Report of the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Mali, Suliman Baldo
United Nations A/HRC/28/83 General Assembly Distr.: General 9 January 2015 English Original: French Human Rights Council Twenty-eighth session Agenda item 10 Technical assistance and capacity-building Report of the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in Mali, Suliman Baldo Summary In this report, which covers the period from 1 May to 29 December 2014, the Independent Expert gives an account of his third visit to Mali, from 7 to 17 October 2014. He notes with concern that the progress observed during his second mission, in February 2014, in terms of strengthening State authority, deploying the administration in the north of the country and combating impunity has been called into question following the fighting that broke out in Kidal from 16 to 21 May 2014. These events which rekindled the power struggle between the Government and rebel groups have had major political, security and humanitarian repercussions in the country as well as serious consequences for the human rights situation there. Armed movements, including terrorist groups, are gradually regaining control of the north of the country and, for the first time, members of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) are being targeted by the jihadi groups. This extremely worrying situation is keeping humanitarian actors away from people living in northern Mali who are thus deprived of access to basic social services. The Independent Expert notes the contrast, since his last report, between the marked decrease in cases of violations of the right to life attributable to the Malian armed forces and the significant increase in violations of human rights and of international humanitarian law by the different armed groups in northern Mali. -
Rainbow of Religions: a Study of Mauritius
Aligarh Journal of Interfaith AJIS Studies International Peer Reviewed, , Open Access Journal ISSN: (in process) | Impact Factor | ESTD Year 2020 ABOUT CURRENT SUBMIT AUTHOR H HOME ACHIEVES INDEXING CONTACT us ISSUE PAPER GUIDE Rainbow of Religions: A Study of Mauritius Mohammad Teisir Bin Shah Goolfee Research Scholar Department of Islamic Studies Aligarh Muslim University Email: [email protected] ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Article History: Mauritius is a country which consists of a Published Online: _Published_ cosmopolitan culture. The population of Mauritius Keywords: belongs to different ethnic groups which has Mauritius, shaped the country with the passage of time. Religions, Constitutional Peaceful co-existence among different faiths has Provisions, Interfaith led to the development of positive plural societies Organization, where cultural and religious respect can be widely Religious Tolerance seen in the country. The people of different backgrounds have indeed played a significant role in maintaining mutual understandings amidst them. The aim of this paper is to highlight the main Home | FAQs | Plagiarism Policy | Open Access Policy | Disclaimer Policy | Privacy Policy | Site Map | Contact Us | 2020Copyright AJIS International 79 | P a g e Peer-Reviewed Journal AJIS April 2020, Volume 1, Issue 3 religions that are practiced within this small paradise island which is democratic too, and also accentuate the constitutional provisions and the interfaith organization (s) which prevails across the country to maintain religious tolerance. Mauritius is nestled off the east coast of Madagascar, about 200 kilometers from Réunion Island. It is located in the Indian Ocean and belongs, like Rodrigues and Réunion Island, to the Mascarene archipelago. Mauritius has an area of 1866 km². -
AFTERSHOCK Abuse, Exploitation & Human Trafficking in the Wake of COVID-19
GLOBAL PROTECTION UPDATE NOVEMBER 2020 AFTERSHOCK Abuse, exploitation & human trafficking in the wake of COVID-19 This Global Protection Update covers 28 out of 35 countries where Protection Clusters are active This week, 20 years ago, the global community adopted the world’s first international law on trafficking in persons. Its adoption followed damning cases of peacekeeper and humanitarian involvement in trafficking rings during the Balkans wars of the 1990s. Today, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons is almost universally ratified, symbolic of our collective will to eradicate the sale and exploitation of human beings. Despite 20 years of progress, the devastating social and economic shocks induced by COVID-19 mark our greatest challenge to combating trafficking. As we observe the 20th anniversary of the Protocol, the Global Protection Cluster is taking stock of the humanitarian Protection communities’ anti-trafficking response and how we can improve. Trafficking in persons remains the single largest rights violation exacerbated in times of crisis in which the humanitarian community does not have a predictable, at-scale way to respond. This must change. Context Update Mid-year predictions that deteriorating protection conditions caused by COVID-19, conflict and climate change would lead to an unprecedented uptick in hunger, displacement, and the adoption of adverse coping strategies are proving worryingly accurate as we near the end of 2020. Between September and November 2020, multiple Protection Clusters delivered lifesaving services amidst renewals of armed violence and a fresh wave of disasters, including heavy rains, flooding and cyclones that have driven immediate protection needs in Burkina Faso, Chad, DRC, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and Yemen. -
Pegasus July 2020
July 2020 VOLUME XI, ISSUE VII PEGASUS A NEWSLETTER FOR THE CAUX ROUND TABLE FOR MORAL CAPITALISM NETWORK LOOKING AT BUSINESS ABOVE THE CLUTTER AND CONFETTI Pegasus Introduction by Richard Broderick Page 2 Slavery: A Widespread Affliction from the Middle Page 3 Ages to 19th Century Abolition by Stephen B. Young Introduction To paraphrase the old Chinese double-edged proverb, “May you live in interesting times.” We are indeed. The novel coronavirus pandemic has brought sickness and death to almost every corner in the world, with millions infected by this highly contagious zoonotic virus and rising rates of both death and suffering and the traumatic disruption of economic activity in many nations. In the U.S., unemployment rates have soared to heights not seen since the Great Depression. Meanwhile, thousands of retail businesses have been forced into bankruptcy because of the quarantine imposed in most states and countless other enterprises, both large small, struggle to survive. Most troubling of all, there is no definitive end in sight for this catastrophe, with labs around the world scrambling to create an effective vaccine. While this effort is sure to escalate, there is also no clear idea of when this pandemic will subside. It could surge again in the fall, perhaps winter or next spring. The sad fact is nobody knows for certain. As if this disruption of day-to-day life were not sufficient, there was the killing, caught in all its horror on video, of a black individual, George Floyd. His life was literally snuffed out by a Minneapolis police officer, as onlookers vocally warned the cops that Floyd was dying, which he did after one officer kneeled on Floyd’s neck for almost nine minutes, ignoring the crowd, as Floyd gasped that he could not breathe, moaned and called out to his late mother until he passed out and ultimately suffered cardiac arrest and died.