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Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations. 2Nd Ed

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* SEATTLE PUBLIC LIBRARY Please keep date-due card in this pocket. A borrower's card must be presented whenever library materials are borrowed. REPORT CHANGE Of ADDRESS PROMPTLY lllfllllllWll m 1111111111 Tile from Sumerian gaming board c. 3000 B.c. BOARD AND TABLE GAMES - FROM MANY CIVILIZATIONS I R. C. PELL, M.B., F.R.C.S. Drawings by Rosalind II. Leadley Photographs by Kenneth Watson Diagrams by the author SECOND EDITION OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON OXFORD NEW YORK 1969 Oxford University Press OXFORD LONDON NEW YORK GLASGOW TORONTO MELBOURNE WELLINGTON CAPE TOWN SALISBURY IBADAN NAIROBI LUSAKA ADDIS ABABA BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS KARACHI LAHORE DACCA KUALA LUMPUR SINGAPORE HONG KONG TOKYO © OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1960,1969 1 t \ . 302 First published by / Oxford University Press, London, i960 64 Second edition first published by V- Oxford University Press, London, O Kcn as an Oxford University Press paperback. i 1969 r-f CvJ >- sr—f rl INTRODUCTION t This book has been written c to introduce some of the best board and < table games from the world’s treasury to the reader. They have been arranged in six chapters: RACE GAMES WAR GAMES POSITIONAL GAMES MANCALA GAMES DICE GAMES DOMINO GAMES Chapter describes 7 methods of making boards and pieces, and the Appendix contains ten biographies. The games starred (*) in the table of contents have not been described in English before. Most of the remaining material is only to be found in reports of museums and learned societies, foreign articles and books long i out of print. A short glossary of technical terms is given on p. vii; and to save space the bibliography also serves as a table of contents. Whenever possible the games have been described under English titles. The reader is advised to omit the lists of rules on a first reading; later any game that interests him can be studied in more detail. Boards used for one game were sometimes taken for another; the chequered chess board was used for draughts (both war games), shaturanga (a war game) was played on the ashtapada board (a race game), and the board for fox and geese (a war game) was used for solitaire (a game of position). Such adaptations make game-recon- structions from antique fragments of doubtful value: because the x people of Upper Runtania used a board for a particular game, it does not follow that the Y people of lower Ruritania used the same board for the same game; nevertheless it is reasonable to assume that they may have done so until contrary evidence appears. Books : on card games are readily available and, therefore, they have not w been included; international chess has been omitted for the same reason. Ninety-one games are described and the oldest - was played some 5,000 years ago. May every reader find pleasure in these pages! tpuCATfON **5£5631 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS all the publications in the The author is indebted to the writers of R. bibliography, but there is an especial debt to the works of H. J. Murray, Stewart Culin and Willard Fiske. It is a pleasure to thank College Library, Dr. W.’ S. Mitchell, the Librarian of King’s Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and his staff, for their unstinting help in procuring books and articles; Mr. Raymond S. Dawson for obtaining with material during a recent visit to Peking and for help Chinese Spanish; Miss writings; Mr. M. Caturani for help with Italian and her Agnes Kramer for help with German; Miss K. Kasbekar for account of Tablan; Mr. S. Afoakwa for help with Wari; Mr. A. P. for Mohideen for Chinese Games; and Professor Eric Thompson assistance with Mayan and Aztec games. the manuscript Prof. F. E. Hopper and Prof. H. D. Dickinson read suggestions; Mrs. Norma Tre- at an early stage and made valuable Oxford University lease prepared the typescript; the staff of the the stages Press have been most painstaking and helpful throughout thank wife who of publication; and last but not least, I wish to my boards and has shared her house for several years with numerous pieces. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE SECOND EDITION The author wishes to thank the many readers who have written to him over the last seven years and whose comments and criticisms ; have brought about the changes and improvements in the present text, or have been incorporated into a, second volume which is being published concurrently with this edition of Board and Tables Games from many Civilizations, I. Especial thanks are due to the following: J. Barrs, Wembley; 0. B. Brears, Rangoon; J. H. Campbell, Jackson, Michigan; D. W. •i Crowe, Ibadan; D. I. Duff, St. Andrews; R. H. Fox, Princeton, New Jersey; D. A. Fraser, Wembley; J. Gray, London; C. Haag, Birmingham; R. B. Hackett, London; H. Hoolim, Migdal, Ascalon; J. F. P. Hudson, Cambridge; V. Kramiduiu, Bangkok; Maria L. M. Lumbroso, Rome V. Medley, Mount Merrion A. H. Morehead, ; ; New York; L. Pijanowski, Warsaw; T. J. Ransley, Glasgow; W. H. ’ Rawlings, Westmount, Canada; Margaret Rideout, Dedham; A. J. Roycroft, London; W. H. Shepherd, Manchester; P. Smith, Aber- deen W. Stead, Great Ayton D. Stewart, Kelantan, Malaya G. D. ; ; ; Towner, Cambridge; W. W. Wallis, Randfontein, South Africa. GLOSSARY column See diagram below. crownhead Spaces on which a piece becomes promoted to a king. custodian capture Capture by trapping an enemy piece between two of one’s own. DIAGONAL MOVE The piece moves diagonally across the board. DIE The singular of dice. EN PRISE A piece is en prise when it is liable to capture at the opponent’s next move. FILE See diagram below. HUFF Confiscation of a piece which has infringed a rule. LONG DIE A four-sided die. LONG LEAP A jump by a piece over another piece to land be- yond, but vacant squares may intervene on either side of the captured piece. ORTHOGONAL MOVES The piece moves along a rank or file. RANK See diagram below. REPLACEMENT A capture made by a piece moving on to a space occupied by an enemy piece and removing it from the board. ROW See diagram below. SHORT LEAP A capture made by a piece jumping over an enemy piece on an adjacent space to land on the space immediately beyond. , CONTENTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY PAGE INTRODUCTION V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO FIRST EDITION vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO SECOND EDITION vii GLOSSARY viii ILLUSTRATIONS xx i GAME REFERENCES Chapter One: RACE GAMES I. CROSS AND CIRCLE RACE GAMES NYOUT Culin, S., Korean Games, Philadelphia, 1895, pp. 66-73. Ruiz, Alberto, Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico, 1952, Vol. 5, p. 27. Ruppert, K., The Mercado Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Carnegie Inst. Wash- ington Pub. 546, Contribution No. 43. 1943. fig- 4C - Thompson, Eric, personal communica- tion 1956. I am indebted to him for drawing my attention to the last two articles and also for the estimation of the age of the board at Palenque. ZOHN AHL Culin, S., Chess and Playing Cards, 4 Washington, 1898, p. 686. PATOLLI Taylor, E. B., ‘On the Game of Patolli 6 in Ancient Mexico, and its probable Asiatic Origin’, Anthropology, Lon- don, 1881, p. 1 16. PACHISI Falkener, E., Games Ancient and Orien- 9 tal, London, 1892, p. 257. Culin, S., Chess and Playing Cards, Washington, 1898, p. 851. LUDO 12 2 . SPIRAL RACE GAMES THE HYENA GAME Davies, R., ‘Some Arab Games and 12 Riddles’, Sudan Notes and Records, viii, 1925, P- 145 - THE ROYAL game of goose Strutt, J., The Sports and Pastimes of the People ofEngland 3rd ed., 1845, P- 336. , , , X CONTENTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY GAME REFERENCES PAGE the royal game of goose Whitehouse, F. R. B., Table Games of 14 cont Georgian and Victorian Days ( .) 1951, P- 57- 3. SQUARE BOARD RACE GAMES •thaayam Dr. Thillai-nayagam, personal com- 17 munication 1956. 4. PEG SCORING BOARDS THE palm TREE game Lord Carnarvon and Carter, H., Five 20 Years' Excavation at Thebes quoted by Peet, T. E., Universal History of the World ed. Hammerton, p. 562. in Gadd, C. J., ‘An Egyptian game viiib and Assyria’, Iraq , 1, 1934, p. p. 46. Illustrated London News, 23 October 1937, p. 709. 5. THE BACKGAMMON GROUP the sumerian game Woolley, Sir Leonard, Ur, The First 23 Phase, London, 1946. the game of thirty Ridgeway, W., Journal of Hellenic 26 squares Studies, 1896, Vol. XVI, p. 288. Towry-White, E., ‘Types of Ancient Egyptian Draughtsmen’, Proceedings ofthe Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vol. XXIV, 1902, p. 261. Nash, W. I., ‘Ancient Egyptian Draughtsboards and Draughtsmen’, Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vol. XXIV, 1902, p.. 341. Board Murray, H. J. R., History of Games other than Chess, Oxford, 1952, p. 12. ludus duodecim Austin, R. G., ‘Roman Board Games. 30 SCRIPTORUM I’, Greece and Rome, Vol. IV (1934), P- 30- tabula Emery, Walter B., Nubian Treasure, 34 London, 1948, p. 46 and PI. 32. Austin, R. G., ‘Roman Board Games. II’, Greece and Rome, IV (1934-5), p. 76. Austin, R. G., ‘Zeno’s Game of Table’, Journal ofHellenic Studies, 1934, Vol. LIV, p. 202. CONTENTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY xi GAME REFERENCES PAGE TABULA cont.) Austin, ( R. G., Archaeologia Cambrensis, 34 1938, p. 250. Lanciani, R., ‘Gambling and Cheating in Ancient Rome’, North American Review, 1892, pp. 97-105. Gusman, P., Pompei. The City, Its Life and Art, London, 1900, p. 220. Murray, H. J. R., History of Board Games other than Chess, Oxford, r 2 9S , P- 29. CHASING THE GIRLS Fiske, W., Chess in Iceland, Florence, 37 i9°5, PP- 89, 353- TOURNE-CASE Fiske, W., Chess in Iceland, Florence, 38 1905, p. 183. SIXE-ACE Fiske, W., Chess in Iceland, Florence, 39 1905, pp.
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