Think Globally, Fund Locally p.63 Bibliotheca Fictiva p.44 Add Lime, Save Lives p.12 Dontae Winslow looks to vintage horns to KIND OF NEW design his now sound. p.40 The Picky Eater’s Dilemma p.20 Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 Blowing the Whistle on Medicine p.36 Forefront Eugene Leake’s Lost Work, Found p.21 johns HOPKINS magazine “Leaving a legacy is something that you do every day. You build it by living a full life; you build it by giving to others on a daily basis. Including Johns Hopkins in our will tells our family how important education has been to us. at’s the way we want to be remembered.”

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rough their bequest, Bob and Kathe Shinham will help Johns Hopkins engineer a better future. What will your legacy be?

To create your bequest to benet any school or division of Johns Hopkins, contact the O ce of Gift Planning today.

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Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 1 2 | johns hopkins magazine Tradition. Excellence. Reputation. Part Time. Your Time.

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Krieger School of Arts and Sciences Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 Advanced Academic Programs | 3 CONTENTS

44 Sham Text 68 Art and Soul

FRONT DEPARTMENTS

07 Contributors 12 Idea Sunshine with a Twist 09 Note 14 Artifact Catch and Collect 10 Dialogue 16 Forefront Breaking the Euro “Doom Loop” 26 Evidence Dangerous Out There 58 Text Rebalancing Power ALUMNI 60 Who Is . . . Ed Connor 62 Campus Study Hall 66 Golomb’s Gambits Hidden Critters 68 Giving Art and Soul 70 Colleagues How to Get Real in Public Health 72 Friends for Life Safe Haven 73 Notebook NY State of Mind and Stomach 74 Alumni Association Alumni Weekend 2012 76 Class Notes 79 In Memoriam 80 Afterwords Career Moves

4 | johns hopkins magazine 40 Making Notes

FEATURES

28 Changing the Game 44 Sham Text Bret McCabe Dale Keiger One year into an ambitious new school Johns Hopkins just acquired a massive collection of development, everyone is learning to expect more 1,200 rare books and manuscripts—every last one of from the East Baltimore Community School. them fake.

36 Hospital, Heal Thyself 50 The 90-Year Divide Michael ANft lavinia Edmunds and Lauren Small In a new tell-all, surgeon Marty Makary argues that Nearly a century ago, rival approaches to psychiatry medicine is too often malpracticed. Why did he fractured the profession. The grand argument is far blow the whistle on his own profession? from over.

40 Making Notes Bret MCCabe Searching for a vintage sound, Peabody graduate Dontae Winslow couldn’t find the right trumpet. So he designed his own.

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Editor Michael Blanding (“Breaking includes large-scale projects, Catherine Pierre the Euro ‘Doom Loop,’” p. 16) such as a 60-foot mural in Associate Editor covers politics, social justice, his hometown of Leicester, Dale Keiger, A&S ’11 (MLA) and travel. His work has England, as well as illustrations Senior Writer appeared in the Nation, the for clients such as the British Bret McCabe, A&S ’94 New Republic, the Boston Academy of Film and Television Assistant Editor Globe, and Boston Magazine, Arts, the New York Times, and Kristen Intlekofer among other publications. the Telegraph. He lives and Art Director works in North London. Pamela Li Lavinia Edmunds (“The 90-Year Alumni News & Notes Divide,” p. 50) is a Baltimore- Chris Hartlove (“Changing Lisa Belman based writer who teaches writ- the Game,” p. 28, “Sham Text,” Kristen Intlekofer ing at the Community College­ of p. 44, photography) is a Business Manager Baltimore County and Introduc- Baltimore-based photographer. Dianne MacLeod tion to Mass Communication at His photos have appeared in Towson University. the Washington Post Magazine, Johns Hopkins Magazine (publication number 276-260; ISSN 0021-7255) is the Boston Globe Magazine, published four times a year (Fall, Winter, Lauren Small (“The 90-Year and the New York Times, among Spring, and Summer) by The Johns Divide,” p. 50), A&S ’80 (MA), other publications. Hopkins University, 901 S. Bond Street, Suite 540, Baltimore, MD 21231. ’81 (MA), ’86 (PhD), is an Periodicals postage paid at Baltimore, adjunct professor of creative Oliver Jeffers (“NY State of Maryland, and additional entry offices. Diverse views are presented and do not writing at the Community Mind and Stomach,” illustration, necessarily reflect the opinions of the College of Baltimore County p. 73) is a Brooklyn, New York– editors or official policies of the university. and the author of Choke Creek based artist. His illustration Correspond with Johns Hopkins Magazine (Bridle Path Press, 2009), a clients include the Guardian, Johns Hopkins Magazine Johns Hopkins University historical novel about Colo- the Irish Times, Newsweek, and 901 S. Bond Street, Suite 540 rado’s Sand Creek Massacre in the New York Times Magazine. Baltimore, MD 21231 1864. She is currently working He has also authored and illus- [email protected] Telephone: 443-287-9900 on a novel about Adolf Meyer. trated a number of chil­dren’s hub.jhu.edu/magazine books. His latest picture book, Subscribe to Johns Hopkins Magazine Adam Simpson (“Hospital, The New Jumper, was published $20 yearly, $25 foreign Heal Thyself,” illustration, p. 36) by HarperCollins Children’s Advertise with Johns Hopkins Magazine is an artist whose body of work Books in April. Clipper City Media Kristen Cooper, Director of Sales and Marketing; 410.902.2309; [email protected] On the cover POSTMASTER Musician Dontae Winslow was Please send address changes to photographed for our cover by Johns Hopkins Magazine Los Angeles–based photographer 201 N. Charles St., Suite 2500 Baltimore, MD 21201 Elena Dorfman. Shooting at Fever Recording Studios in North Copyright ©2012, The Johns Hopkins University Hollywood, Dorfman says, “Dontae was a pleasure to photograph. He’s a performer so he has presence in front of the camera—and his wardrobe was great. His clothing popped in the recording studio and in front of the background. It all worked out well.” Dorfman has shot for a variety of editorial, advertising, and movie studio clients, including the New Yorker, W magazine, Fortune, Best Buy, and Paramount Pictures.

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8 | johns hopkins magazine NOTE | P H O T O GRA P H b y Ch r is a rt lo v e

Vol. / So, we cheated. As the magazine’s associate editor, Dale Keiger, likes to say, “Babies are cheating.” Magazine editors use them (shamelessly) to draw readers into stories. Puppies are also cheating, as are happy, playful elementary 64 school students. You just can’t skip over a story with pictures of cute kids. That’s why, when considering how to illustrate “Changing the Game,” Bret McCabe’s feature story about the School of Education’s new role in managing day-to-day operations of the East Baltimore Community School, we took the irresistible approach: We asked Chris Hartlove (a dad, naturally) to photograph some EBCS students. Flip to page 28 to see what I mean. But in truth, baiting readers was not our only motive. Bret’s story covers a lot of ground—some of the larger issues being debated in education reform; the challenges EBCS students face; the role a newly implemented curriculum is playing in changing the way those kids feel about learning; and the university community’s commitment to the neighborhood surrounding its East Baltimore campus. As a demonstra- tion of that commitment, not only has President Ron Daniels made this a priority, but School of Education Dean David Andrews has moved into the neighborhood, just across the street from the school. Editor Catherine Pierre All of these are important issues, and they come down to one thing: the kids. After all, they are the future of our wonderful and challenged city. And whether you’re a parent, a teacher, a Baltimore City resident, or none of those things, you can’t look at their charming little faces and not care what happens to them.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 9 DIALOGUE |

Arts take the stage The Aquaponics Project, developed­ states, nor does it involve funding sup- Thank you, Mr. Astin [“Staging a by the Johns Hopkins Center for a port from alumni donations. Revival,” Summer]. As a Homewood Livable Future, is not a backyard proj- For those who would like to learn freshman in 1965, I saw an excellent ect. Rather, the project provides a field more about the project or aquaponics Hopkins production of The Threepenny­ lab environment for the serious study in general, please visit our website. Opera at the Barn and, as a sopho­ more,­ of aquaponics in order to help raise We also welcome visitors to the Johns Waiting for Godot at Center Stage. awareness of and increase the body Hopkins Center for a Livable Future Although­ I was a premed student, these of knowledge about aquaponics as Aquaponics Project site located in experiences moved me more than an economic, social, and ecologically Baltimore’s Cylburn Arboretum. Alsoph Corwin’s organic chemistry sustainable avenue for raising edible David Love Project Director, Public Health and Sustainable course. I became a physician and, since aquatic animals and plants. Moreover, the project is designed to engage Johns Agriculture Project retiring, have enjoyed a second career Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future acting and directing in a community Hopkins students, faculty, and staff Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health theater. Best of luck in re-establishing members—as well as the general pub- a quality theater tradition at Hopkins. lic—to facilitate experiential educa- tion, applied research, and job train- Charles A. Braslow, A&S ’69, Med ’73 The fact that the horseshoe Christiansted, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands ing. Overall, by applying what we learn Comment from hub.jhu.edu/magazine we aim to drive the field of aquaponics crab is a near neighbor to and recirculating aquaculture forward. Johns Hopkins, coming As the letter notes, some overseas ashore at the mouth of the The Aquaponics Project is tilapia production has been associated Delaware River to lay eggs, supported by grants and is with unsustainable practices. However, we do not use pesticides, antibiotics, makes this relationship in no way a “waste of JHU steroids, or growth hormones. Instead, even more special. money,” nor does it involve we examine techniques for practical funding support from application, such as studying vegetar- ian and/or algae-based feeds that alumni donations. make tilapia healthier and more envi­ Learning from animals ronmentally­ friendly to raise. We are I enjoyed “Aping Nature” in the also researching methods for captur- Summer issue. It reminded me that Untelling fish tales ing and recycling fish wastewater to investigators at Johns Hopkins were Charles Kestenbaum’s letter, “Food raise crops like lettuce, kale, basil, learning from other species even in for Thought,” from the Summer issue, and tomatoes, which act as biofilters the early 1960s. Professor Jack Levin contains several uninformed com- to clean the water. developed an assay for endotoxin ments about the Aquaponics Project CLF’s Aquaponics Project is sup­ (pieces of the wall of gram-negative [Wholly Hopkins, “Farming for Urban ported by grants and is in no way bacteria) using the blood of the Tilapia,” Winter 2011]. a “waste of JHU money,” as the letter horseshoe crab, called Limulus

Digital census, Summer 2012: number of online readers from a sampling of countries

Bosnia and Albania Bangladesh Malta Taiwan Herzegovina Guyana Fiji Rwanda Vanuatu 1 Maldives 2 Oman 3 Uruguay 4 208

10 | johns hopkins magazine Connect with us Johns Hopkins Magazine 901 S. Bond St., Suite 540 Baltimore, MD 21231 HUB.JHU.EDU/MAGAZINE

polyphemus. These bacteria induced clotting of the crab’s blood, causing Poker—who’da thunk? Top five stories from Summer online death, and this was the basis for the assay, which led to a standard test used to ensure that vaccines and injected fluids are free of bacterial contam­ ination. Of course, the fact that the 9% 4% horseshoe crab is a near neighbor to 6% Johns Hopkins, coming ashore at the 3% mouth of the Delaware River to lay eggs, makes this relationship even more special. Peter Zauber, A&S ’68, Med ’71, HS ’76 South Orange, New Jersey

For a child who is unable to swim, simply slipping while 78% doing the washing could result in a drowning fatality.

Computing Texas Hold ’em Staging a Revival Happier Endings To swim, or not to swim? Don’t Feed Your Head The Cosmic Web In “Troubled Waters” [Spring], con­ cern­ing the drowning epidemic among children in Asia, Adnan Hyder states ment is out of context and hampers Mecrow and agree that all efforts that although he thinks teaching kids efforts to coordinate a national swim should be made to prevent drowning to swim is a good idea in general, he program. The BHIS suggests that each in children,­ especially in countries has not seen scientific evidence prov­ year, 17,000 children die of drowning like Bangladesh. However, please ing that swim lessons reduce rates in Bangladesh. Water in Bangladesh is note that for children 1 to 4 years old, of drowning. mainly used for necessary daily activi- interventions have to be barrier- or Data collected by the Bangladesh ties—washing, cooking, cleaning— parent-based. For children 5 and up, Health and Injury Survey shows that where there is a high risk of involun­ swimming is both intuitive and poten- children unable to swim have a much tary entry. For a child who is unable to tially important—there is some data higher chance of drowning than those swim, simply slipping while doing the from high-income countries (like who are able to swim. Additionally, washing could result in a drowning the United States)—but the work in research by the Centre for Injury Pre­ fatality. Even if a very small proportion Bangladesh mentioned in the letter vention and Research, Bangladesh, of children began swimming for recre- has not been scientifically published strongly suggests that learning to ational purposes, the protective­ ben- or peer-reviewed; we look forward to swim reduces a child’s risk of drown­­ efit would far outweigh any risks asso­ that evidence informing our work in ing. The data was presented at the ciated with recreational swimming. the future. Finally, we are starting a World Conference­ on Drowning Pre­ Tom Mecrow series of studies as well and hope to vention in Vietnam. Dhaka, Bangladesh report on our work in the coming years. However, some argue that if chil­ Comment from hub.jhu.edu/magazine Adnan A. Hyder, SPH ’93, ’98 (PhD) dren learn to swim, they will become Professor, International Health overconfident and put themselves Adnan Hyder responds: Director, International Injury Research Unit at higher risk of drowning.­ This argu- We appreciate the letter from Tom Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 11 IDEA |

Context In 2009, Harding was in a School of Medicine class taught by professor of biophysics Jon Lorsch when Lorsch mentioned that lime juice splashed on the hands can result in patches of sunburn. This is because sunlight activates biomolecules in the lime juice called psoralens, which damage skin cells. Harding knew that one meth­od of household water treatment recommended by UNICEF is solar dis­ infection—putting water into a 1- or 2-liter plastic bottle and leaving it in the sun for at least six hours. Harding’s mind connected these pieces of knowl­ edge: “The first thing I thought about illustration by was using lime juice to disinfect water by turning the psoralens against mi­­ crobes.” To test the idea, he filled plas- Luke Best tic bottles with tap water, contami- nated each water sample with one of three harmful bacteria (including Escherichia coli), then added juice squeezed from Persian limes, the vari- ety most often found in grocery stores. The last step was to expose the bottles to sunlight—not only in a lab but on the deck of the Denton A. Cooley Cen- ter swimming pool.

Data The global population’s health would Harding collaborated with Kellogg J. Sunshine much improve if people had access to Schwab, director of the Johns Hopkins clean water. According to the Stockholm University Global Water Program in with a Twist International Water Institute, half of the Bloomberg School of Public Health, all the world’s hospital beds—half— on a study recently published in the are occupied by people sickened by American Journal of Tropical Medicine Interview by Dale Keiger waterborne illnesses. In 2009, the World and Hygiene. They used 30 milliliters Health Organization and UNICEF esti­ of lime juice per 2 liters of water, mated the number of people forced to roughly equivalent to 1 ounce of juice live without safe water at 850 million. per half-gallon of water. The water Alexander S. Harding, a student at the samples contained E. coli, MS2 bacte- School of Medicine, believes a partial riophage (a surrogate virus commonly answer to the problem may be as simple used in research because it is similar to as squirting some citrus juice into a jug some common pathogenic viruses), or of water and leaving it in the sun for a murine norovirus (another surrogate, few hours. this time for human norovirus, a highly

12 | johns hopkins magazine contagious cause of gastroenteritis that cannot be cultured in the lab). The combination of lime juice and exposure to UVA for 30 to 150 minutes led to about a million-fold reduction of www.andyo.org E. coli. The study also found significant Sponsored by: WETANKNYSTORE.COM reduction in the MS2 bacteriophage tests. The technique did little to reduce norovirus, which had already proved resistant to simple sun exposure. Claim your own New York Icon Now! Upshot Most of sub-Saharan Africa and much The famous Rosenwach Tank Company announces the launch of its of Latin America and Southeast Asia new online store, offering apparel & accessories designed around experience sufficient sunlight for lime its timeless icon, the wood water tank. From polos to hoodies, totes juice–enhanced solar disinfection. Fortunately, many of those regions also to water bottles, there’s something for everyone. produce limes and lemons (which, the Go to WETANKNYSTORE.COM for one-of-a-kind gifts! R researchers say, should be investigated as a substitute in places where limes are harder to obtain). Plus, limes are cheap, and lime juice seems to boost the effect of solar disinfection enough to lessen the need for long sun expo- sure. And there’s one more favorable factor: Many cultures already use      citrus juice in food preparation for its disinfective properties. They are    accustomed to the flavor. 
–    Conclusion Broadmead Resident 89 years young On a cloudy day, solar disinfection (frequently called SODIS in public health literature) can take up to 48 hours to work, one reason it is not more widely used. Harding’s method

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Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 13 ARTIFACT |

14 | johns hopkins magazine CATCH AND COLLECT Bill McCloskey spent 27 years as a con­ in a catch of king crabs, were officially added to the Smith­ gressional liaison for the Applied Physics Laboratory before sonian Institution’s National Museum of American History retiring in 1989. He also spent 50 years as a seafaring shutterbug, collection. To see more images from the William McCloskey documenting the lives of commercial fishermen. In 2011, his Fishing and World Fisheries Photographic Collection, 1952– photographs, including this one of Alaskan fishermen hauling 2005, visit hub.jhu.edu/magazine. Catherine Pierre

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 15 FOREFRONT

Germany to keep their money safe,” says Jones. “That’s not sustainable for the long haul.” Meanwhile, in At a Glance 1 poorer countries, banks are seeing the value of their government hold­ 1 INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ings plummet, forcing national gov­ INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ernments to bail them out, creating a Breaking the Euro “Doom Loop” Breaking the Euro “doom loop” between bank balance 2 “Doom Loop” sheets and government finances that further destabilizes the peripheral CRITICAL THEORY Michael Blanding economies. Voilà, the eurozone crisis Structuralism’s Samson In macroeconomics, when a crisis hits we know today. people flee to where they feel safest. This doom loop has already pushed 3 So when the economy in the United EATING DISORDERS Greece, Ireland, and Portugal out of the States collapsed in 2008, many inves­ market and is threatening Spain and Pathologically Picky tors traded stocks for bonds, eventually Italy as well, says Jones. “It’s really a parking their assets in the safest spot: 4 disastrous situation, and the only way U.S. Treasury bonds. Supported by the FINE ARTS we can solve it is to stop people from large and diversified U.S. economy, Lost, Found, Restored being afraid, or to give them a new Treasurys are the closest thing to a risk-free investment—you won’t make reflex to channel their fear in a more 5 constructive way.” LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION a lot of money, but you won’t lose your shirt either. The new way Jones and others have Your Brain Has an Accent In Europe, investors tried to do the proposed to fix the problem is to create same thing—only there was a glitch. a risk-free investment of last resort 6 similar­ to U.S. Treasurys. These euro­ BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Because each European country issues bonds could be issued by every country Shark Fin Science Project its own treasury bonds, investors not only fled to safety across asset classes that has adopted the euro as its cur­ rency—the so-called eurozone—but 7 (stocks to bonds to treasury bonds), would come out of one centralized DEMOGRAPHY but also across national borders, dump­ authority and carry a single credit rat­ Betting on the Population Bomb ing bonds from the perceived riskier countries in southern Europe such as ing, thereby stopping the geographic Greece, Portugal, and Spain, and buy­ flight of money across borders and ing up everything they could from the breaking the doom loop. Jones has northern countries of Germany, France, become one of the chief proponents and the Netherlands. That created prob­ of eurobonds, holding workshops and lems on both sides of the borders, says seminars on the topic at SAIS and pros­ Erik Jones, director of European Stud­ elytizing for their adoption in speeches ies at the Nitze School of Advanced at conferences across the continent International Studies and director of and in a prolific article-writing cam­ the Bologna Institute for Policy Re­search paign in European newspapers and in Italy. Because there are not nearly financial blogs. enough government bonds in the He has run into stiff resistance “safe” countries of Europe, investors from some in northern Europe who have flooded the market, creating the argue that setting up a common bond perverse situation where countries instrument would put richer countries like Germany are charging negative on the hook for poorer countries’ debts, interest rates. giving the poorer nations incentive to “People are essentially paying borrow more and further exacerbate

16 | johns hopkins magazine 2 CRITICAL THEORY Structuralism’s Samson Bret McCabe A brilliant, endearing presence on the Homewood campus for more than 60 years, Richard Macksey, A&S ’53, ’53 (MA), ’57 (PhD), approaches knowl­ edge the way a foodie looks at nature: There’s potentially something tasty everywhere, and seemingly disparate things can complement each other. In 2005, Macksey wrote the preface to the second edition of The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism, a more than 1,000-page reference door­ stop first published by Johns Hopkins University Press in 1994. He begins this historical overview of literary criticism with a brief tale of 18th-century British historian Edward Gibbon, “fresh from his Calvinist cure in Lausanne.” Con­ versations with Macksey refreshingly wander as memories and ideas open narrative trapdoors, fitting for a man who chose Proust for his dissertation. the crisis. In fact, says Jones, the sys­ be much higher. Thus, eurobonds These digressions can venture into tem as it’s been proposed would do would create an incentive for countries intellectual life’s lesser-known nooks, the opposite. Each country would be to borrow less money, not more. In such as indelible eccentrics who given a limit on how many eurobonds ad­di­tion, to qualify for borrowing were unable to fit into the academy’s it could issue, perhaps 60 percent of through eurobonds, countries would square pegs. GDP. As a hypothetical example: Ger­ need to open up their books and meet “We had Charles Sanders Peirce, many might be allowed to borrow up certain financial requirements, mak­ who was the most brilliant of all eccen­ to $2 trillion through participation in ing their economies more transparent trics and one of the most difficult,”­ a new eurobond issue, but Greece, and accountable. Macksey says. Peirce was an intellec­ with its lagging economy, would be Only by confronting fear can the tual Swiss Army knife. Mathematics, restricted to a maximum of $180 bil­ eurozone get out of its crisis, Jones logic, philosophy, science, semiotics— lion. For Greece to borrow more than says. “Every economy needs a risk-free whatever the discipline, he could slice that, it would need to issue national asset where people can put their money through it with his nimble, creative bonds rather than eurobonds, and when they are afraid. The alternative mind. His Johns Hopkins career was the interest rates demanded in the is to wish away fear, and you show me far too brief, 1879 to 1884, but the markets for national bonds would the politician who can do that.” shadow he cast was long enough for

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 17 FOREFRONT |

Macksey to invoke Peirce’s chutzpah Belgian anthropologist Luc de for “adapting the methods of one sci­ Heusch was invited to attend but ence to the investigation of another” couldn’t, and the organizers needed

during the opening remarks to The to find a replacement at short notice. PHOTOGRAPH Languages of Criticism and the Sciences Invitee Hyppolite suggested a 36-year- of Man symposium held at the Milton old former student. His name was

S. Eisenhower Library from October 18 Jacques Derrida. “I’m not sure how AP P hoto/ to 21, 1966. It assembled a cadre of clear we were about where this guy

French intellectuals whose multifac­ was going,” Macksey says. “Hyppolite A lexis Duclos eted investigations of the social sci­ just said, ‘I think he would be some­ ences had made structuralism, the body who would come.’ So we got in very loose umbrella for a wide array of touch with him, and Jacques, on fairly thought, existentialism’s successor. By short notice, said yes, he would come. the end of the conference, though, a I hadn’t realized that he was going Peirce sentence from his 1891 Architec- to be the Samson to tear down the ture of Theories provided a more fitting temple of structuralism.” epitaph: “May some future student go With “Structure, Sign, and Play in over this ground again, and have the Jacques Derrida the Discourse of the Human Sciences,” leisure to give his results to the world.” Derrida impishly but effectively iden­ The conference helped position tified flaws in the organizational thrust Johns Hopkins as a gateway for con­ ble. Guests would present their pa­pers, of Claude Lévi-Strauss’ work in kinship temporary French thought into North to be followed by question-and-answer and mythologies, work that formed a America, and the event itself was pop­ time in which invited interlocutors critical base for structuralist theory. It ulated with flamboyant personalities: could respond with an intervention— struck at the heart of the work of some interlocutors fortified by a few too an extemporaneous mini-lecture reply of the assembled guests, and Derrida’s many French 75s prior to question- that might lead into a question. responses to interventions were deft and-answer sessions; a native French It was organized by René Girard, deflections. For example, his former speaker mispronouncing “meet” as then chairman of Johns Hopkins’ teacher Hyppolite introduced algebraic “mate,” which made his desire to meet Romance Languages Department and examples to discuss Derrida’s argu­ with the students sound a tad odd; and now a Stanford University professor ments, and then asked him if that a last-minute presenter who, Macksey emeritus; Eugenio Donato, A&S ’65 was what he was going for. Derrida admits, “was an intellectual terrorist. (PhD), a former graduate student who responded, “I was wondering myself He had better manners than many taught at Johns Hopkins for a few years where I am going. So I would answer French academics, but there was an before moving on to the University at you by saying, first, that I am trying, element of disruption, obviously.” Buffalo and the University of Califor­ precisely, to put myself at a point so Given that the 18-minute TED nia, Irvine; and Macksey. The speakers that I do not know any longer where talk is the current de facto forum included Roland Barthes, Lucien I am going.” for sharing big ideas, it might be diffi­ Goldmann, Jean Hyppolite, Jacques Derrida spoke on the conference’s cult to understand how a university- Lacan, Charles Morazé; former Johns last night, but he would return to cam­ sponsored gathering of more than 100 Hopkins faculty Georges Poulet, Guy pus—and the American lecture cir­ thinkers from around the country and Rosolato, Nicolas Ruwet, Tzvetan cuit—over the ensuing years, as Johns eight other nations could cause the Todorov, Jean-Pierre Vernant; and Hopkins in the late 1960s and early seismic ripples that it did. With a Ford Johns Hopkins faculty Neville Dyson- 1970s became an incubator of post­ Foundation grant and the support of Hudson, Donato, Girard, and Macksey. structuralist thought and thinkers. The the Humanities Center’s founding The event was standing room only— conference was a pivotal point in Der­ director, Charles Singleton, a trio of “people were falling out of the win­ rida’s career. In its obituary following young Johns Hopkins faculty members dows,” Macksey jokes—and a closed- Derrida’s 2004 death at the age of 74, wanted to bring to the university as circuit broadcast was eventually set the New York Times noted that his Johns many leading structuralists as possi­ up in the MSEL’s staff lounge. Hopkins appearance “shocked his

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Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 19 FOREFRONT |

American audience.” “Did we know the demise of his first two marriages. what had happened?” Macksey asks. Other picky eaters describe lying or “No, but there was a sense.” making excuses to avoid social situa­ J. Hillis Miller, a University of 3 tions that revolve around eating. The California, Irvine, professor emeritus family Thanksgiving meal becomes a EATING DISORDERS of English, was a member of Johns source of anxiety for someone who eats Hopkins’ English Department at the only a few foods. time and missed Derrida’s lecture Pathologically Picky Speculation about potential causes because he had to teach a class. But Kristen Intlekofer runs the gamut from an extreme sen­ he caught up with his friend and If hell is having to do the same thing sitivity to food textures or smells—a former colleague Poulet immediately over and over again, imagine eating sen­sitivity associated with autism or afterward. “And he said, ‘I have just chicken nuggets every day. For the obsessive compulsive disorder—to the heard the most important lecture of rest of your life. Not because you’re a “supertasters” theory, which posits that the conference—it’s against everything connoisseur of processed chicken or some folks have more taste buds than that I do but it was the most important you have misguided notions about its average and are therefore highly sen­si­ lecture,’” Miller recalls. “It was quite nutritive properties, but because you tive to certain bitter flavors. For an adult an extraordinary piece of prophetic sincerely believe you cannot keep any picky eater, a new food might cause gag­ insight. . . . I don’t think the historical other foods down. For thousands of ging, vomiting, or stomach pain. importance of that conference has adults, picky eating, also known as It’s difficult to pin down an exact been exaggerated.” selective eating or food neophobia, number of people who suffer from the Macksey has revisited this confer­­ poses a real problem. disorder, Guarda says, because picky ence a number of times, including In this context, picky eating means eating is tricky to define—the term is penning a new preface for the 2005 more than eschewing the occasional often used to describe a heterogeneous reissue of the book that collected the brussels sprout or beet. Adults who group with several subsets. For exam­ presented papers, The Structuralist­ suffer from picky eating subsist on ple, a 2008 study conducted by research­ Controversy. In it he quotes from a an extremely limited range of foods— ers at Pittsburgh and Duke universities Derrida presentation at an American most often kid-friendly staples like found that among the nearly 7,000 men university some two decades after french fries, chicken fingers, or pizza. and women who responded to their the symposium, in which Derrida Psychiatrist Angela Guarda, who online questionnaire for picky eaters, acknowledges, “What is now called directs the Johns Hopkins Eating only 28.7 percent of respondents fell ‘theory’ in this country may have an Disorders Program, says that most into the “picky eating group,” meaning essential link with what is said to of the adult selective eaters she has they reported high rates of picky eating have happened there in 1966.” seen in her practice were also picky behaviors but low rates of other dis­ The ghosts of ideas and people eaters as children. Unable to outgrow ordered eating behaviors. Nearly 50 move in and out of time and mind, their fussy habits, they continue to percent were also found to have symp­ liable to appear in quotidian mo­ments. eat bland “kid” foods that often have toms of other eating disorders such as Shortly after first sitting down to begin high-fat, high-sodium, or high-sugar bulimia or anorexia; the remaining this conversation, Macksey asked content, avoiding fruits and vegetables 21.4 percent had low rates of any disor­ his guest for a match. A shuffling altogether. The problem is that not dered eating symptoms. Guarda says through the stacks of papers and only are picky eating habits unhealthy that for adolescents and adults who books that cover the table in his —contributing to problems such as suffer from picky eating, the condition library soon followed. His guest found anemia, diabetes, even scurvy—they is usually treatable. With the patients a match‑book and held it up. “No, can also have severe consequences she has seen, Guarda has taken an they’re empty,” Macksey says, before for one’s social life, career, and family approach similar to that of treating noticing the script logo of a Swiss relationships. Bob Krause, a self- anorexia. “It’s a behavioral treatment tobacco manufacturer­ on the cover. described picky eater who started approach,” she says. “So you don’t “They’re Davidoff. I haven’t had PickyEatingAdults.com, an online work on trying to understand why they Davidoff since Jacques Derrida support group, has said that his con­ like french fries. You help them eat was here.” dition was partially responsible for other foods.”

20 | johns hopkins magazine Eugene Leake’s May Rocks and Trees “had been savaged.”

crew working on the dorm had found it through the backs of the stretchers”— in a janitor’s closet and moved it to the the framework on which the canvas hallway. The painting was a mess, but had been stretched taut—“and the 4 Sullivan, senior design and construc­ nails had punctured the canvas as well. tion project manager at Homewood, Solvents and things had been spilled FINE ARTS recognized it immediately as a land­ on it and it was really badly stained. scape by the late Eugene Leake, former I was a combination of horror-stricken Lost, Found, president of the Maryland Institute and grief-stricken.” Restored College of Art and founder of the The university turned the painting Dale Keiger Homewood Art Workshops. over to Mary Sebera, a conservator at Michael Sullivan knew what he had Sullivan called Craig Hankin, cur­ the Baltimore Museum of Art. Sebera right away. He was standing with a rent director of the Art Workshops and noted that despite the damage, overall group of contractors in a corridor of the the author of Maryland Landscapes of the painting was stable. She removed AMR I freshman residence hall on the Eugene Leake. Says Hankin of the paint­ the nails, patched the holes, cleaned Homewood campus last May, at the ing, May Rocks and Trees, from 1984, the surface of the painting, and rese­ beginning of a major renovation­ of the “It had been savaged, basically. The cured it to the stretcher. When he first dorm, when he spotted an oil painting canvas had been torn in a couple of saw Sebera’s restoration, Hankin says, leaning against the wall. A demolition places. Someone had driven nails “My jaw dropped. To look at it today,

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22 | johns hopkins magazine | FOREFRONT

you would never imagine that the nication is a requisite, employers can hear the difference between gleena painting had been so badly abused. legally take accent into account. (clay), which is pronounced “GLEEN- It’s absolutely stunning.” Typically, we learn new languages uh,” and dleena (length), which is The painting now hangs in the Ross by listening to examples from instruc­ pronounced “dleen-UH.” English Jones Building of the Mattin Center. tors, or from language CDs or com­ doesn’t have a corresponding “dl” puter programs, then trying to mimic sound, so his brain was hearing it what we hear. Yarmolinskaya, a native as the more familiar “gl.” There Russian who speaks English with but are various phonological processes a trace accent, comes at the situation that take place, but essentially the 5 a little differently through her interest brain reinterprets it according to the in neurolinguistics. Her mother is a phonological­ grammar of the first LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION neurologist in Arkhangelsk, Russia, language. “And there’s really nothing located on the White Sea about 750 you can do,” she says, adding, “you Your Brain Has miles due north of Moscow, and don’t hear the difference between a Yarmolinskaya recalls growing up foreign sound and a similar native an Accent fascinated by the cases her mother sound, and [so you] fall back to your Bret McCabe and her colleagues would discuss. native sound because that’s what The sound of the a in rat is a low, front, She came to Johns Hopkins as a cog­ you’re used to.” unrounded vowel. The tongue’s tip hits nitive science doctoral candidate Considered that way, an accent— the back of the lower teeth and carpets in 2002 and soon found herself inter­ the intensity of which can range across the mouth. The mouth opens wide and ested in the phonology of second lan­ age groups and native languages—is the sound erupts from the throat. It guage acquisition and perception. a matter of understanding sounds. In can be a difficult sound to make for While conducting her own experi­ short, Yarmolinskaya gives her stu­ non-native English speakers. “It is an ments and going through published dents an intensive course of applied unusual­ sound, kind of an ugly sound, research, she came across findings phonetics, which includes learning so people feel a little shy making this that argued that the brain processes the International Phonetic Alphabet. sound,” says Julia Yarmolinskaya, A&S foreign sounds differently. Accents can only really be overcome ’10 (PhD), a lecturer in Johns Hopkins’ Everybody’s phoneme bank is through sustained language practice, Center for Language Education. Sitting established very early in childhood, but this approach gives non-native in her office in the basement of Krieger shaped by the languages the brain is speakers an empirical framework in Hall, she opens her mouth wide to make exposed to. Those sounds eventually understanding sounds as an avenue the short vowel, demonstrating how accrue the sophisticated meaning of toward learning how to produce Eng­ she works with the students in her speech. When the brain encounters lish sounds better. Accent Reduction class, which is part sounds outside of its native language, For the coming academic year, the of the summer Intensive English Lan­ though, it doesn’t always know how to center is offering Accent Reduction to guage Program. interpret them. It may reinterpret them the international teaching assistants. For Americans trying to learn according to what they sound like in It’s a pragmatic approach to language, French prior to a Paris holiday, a sub­ the native tongue. Basically, the ears one Yarmolinskaya experienced when par understanding merely means accurately convey a foreign sound, but she took a phonetics course and found being one of those tourists who asks when the brain tries to make sense of it, it instructive. “That class was helpful to for directions to the “Loo-vray.” For it substitutes a more familiar existing me because even though I did not have non-native speakers of English trying sound. So it’s quite possible the brain much accent, it really organized things to make it in America, an accent can isn’t hearing a foreign sound correctly. in my mind. Now I know the differences be problematic. According to the Yarmolinskaya encountered this between sounds. I may still not be able U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity phenomenon in her own research on to produce them reliably or hear them Commission, English-only rules in the phonologic perception with Slavic reliably, but consciously I am aware of workplace or harassment of people languages, which have some conso­ the differences and if I practice hard who speak English with an accent are nant clusters that don’t exist in English. enough I’m able to differentiate [them] unlawful. But if effective oral commu­ She had a subject who said he couldn’t and say them correctly.”

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 23 FOREFRONT |

6

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Shark Fin Science Project C o u rt esy Dale Keiger Daniel H erzka Sophie Elisseeff is one smart kid. Last year, the 13-year-old accompanied her mother, Johns Hopkins professor of ophthalmology and biomedical engineering Jennifer Elisseeff, to the National Geographic Society’s head­ quarters in Washington, D.C., to see a film titled Shark Island. The film documents the remarkable congrega­ tion of hammerhead sharks and other ocean predators in the waters around Cocos Island, 300 miles from Costa Rica. Subsequent to viewing the film, Sophie read a New York Times article about the massive killing of sharks to harvest their fins, which are dried for An MRI of a shark fin revealed unexpected structural details. use in shark fin soup, a delicacy in China. Often, the fins are sliced from the living shark and it is tossed back into the water to slowly die. Sophie weight of the fins, then we made them long, sort of noodle-like pieces. They’re knew that her mother’s laboratory hydrated and weighed them again to clear and a little bendy and running all works on cartilage regeneration, so see the difference, to see what hap­ along the shark fin, held together by she hit on an idea: On the assumption pened when you dried and packaged this tissue. From the top it looks like a that shark fins were largely composed them for eating, because maybe it bee’s honeycomb.” The Elisseeff team of cartilage, might it be possible to changed how they’d taste or some­ also secured an MRI of a fin, courtesy grow shark fins in the lab and perhaps thing,” she says. They then did a of a colleague in biomedical engineer­ save millions of animals? chem­­ical assay for chondroitin sulfate, ing, Daniel Herzka. More chemical When your mom is a Johns Hop­ a molecule found in cartilage, and assays for collagen and keratin lie kins researcher, your ideas sometimes discovered less than a quarter of what ahead, and once the Elisseeffs have a turn into research projects. Jennifer they expected. So much for the idea better idea of the fins’ composition, works with a company in Hawaii called that shark fins are mostly cartilage. they’ll have a better idea if they can Cellular Bioengineering Inc., and The next step involved a large ham­ replicate fins in the lab. If they succeed through contacts there she secured merhead fin sent by Neil Hammer­ there, next stop will be the test kitchen. samples of dried fins. Under her schlag, a researcher at the University Whether or not they can create a mother’s guidance Sophie set about of Miami, which arrived on their door­ culinary alternative to harvesting analyzing their composition, which step via FedEx. “We started dissecting actual shark fins, Elisseeff sees her would be important for trying to mimic it in our kitchen,” Sophie explains. “As daughter’s project bearing some them in the lab. “First we took the dry we were cutting it open, we found these interesting research results. For

24 | johns hopkins magazine example, the MRI of the hammerhead audience for Lam’s address. Becker conclusion. As about 75 to 80 million fin revealed interesting structures is a professor of population, family, additional people join the world’s that resemble miniature knee joints. and reproductive health, and he population each year, global aquifers Elisseeff is talking with Rajat Mittal, decided to take up Lam’s challenge. are being tapped for water at a rate professor of mechanical engineering at So at a gathering last October at Johns that exceeds their rate of replenish­ Homewood, about trying to model the Hopkins to mark the global human ment. That’s water vital for farm movement of the fin based on what the population reaching 7 billion, Becker irrigation, among other uses. Becker MRI showed. She also thinks what they and Lam announced a wager. Lam bet points out that most of the globe’s are learning could have implications in that the inflation-adjusted prices of arable land is already under culti­ the development of new biomaterial five foods—cereals, dairy, meat, oils vation, with no guarantee of ever- scaffolds for tissue engineering. and fats, and sugar—will decline from increasing yields. Furthermore, global 2011 to 2020, and Becker bet that they climate change could disrupt agricul­ will go up. The two professors agreed tural production in important areas that the loser will donate up to $1,000 like the American Midwest (Becker to a nongovernmental organization of notes that this is already happening the winner’s choosing. due to drought). “There’s lots of land 7 In “How the World Survived the in the Congo and Brazil under rain Population Bomb: Lessons From 50 forest, but you chop that forest down DEMOGRAPHY Years of Extraordinary Demographic and find the land is not that good for History,” published in Demography, farming,” he says. In rapidly develop­ Betting on the Lam notes that despite a doubling of ing countries like China, newly Population Bomb global population from 1960 to 1999, prosperous people are eating more food supplies per capita substantially meat, and meat production is a far Dale Keiger increased while prices declined. less efficient use of agricultural When an economist from the Univer­ “There were many concerns about the re­sources than production of vege­ sity of Michigan named David Lam potential impact of rapid population table protein. Much agricultural addressed the 2011 annual meeting growth in the 1960s, including mass production is dependent on oil in of the Population Association of starvation in countries such as India, various ways, and oil supplies are America, he sounded an upbeat note depletion of nonrenewable resources, finite. Fish stocks in the world’s oceans about our ever more populous planet. and increased poverty in low-income have declined to the point that vast “I am sure that by the time of the 2050 countries,” he wrote. “The actual expe­ areas of the sea are fished out of some PAA annual meeting, the world will rience was very different. World food species. All of which feeds Becker’s still face important challenges,” he production increased faster than world doubts about stable food prices. said. “But I also expect that it will have population in every decade since the “There could be a breakthrough,” improved in many ways, including 1960s, resource prices fell during most Becker says. “I could be wrong for a lower poverty rates, higher levels of of the period, and poverty declined­ bunch of reasons. There are likely to education, and plenty of food to go significantly in much of the developing be food subsidies by governments to around.” Lam alluded to a famous world.” He felt confident that through prevent food riots. Maybe we’ll have occasion when the optimistic econo­ hard work and creativity, those trends another Green Revolution, a green mist Julian Simon bet the pessimistic would sustain despite continued rapid Green Revolution. I ask my classes, biologist Paul Ehrlich that global population increases. how many of you are vegetarian? A few mineral prices would decline over a “He’s saying basically that things hands go up. So if we were all vegetar­ 10-year period despite rising popula­ are looking good, and since they’ve ians, we could probably feed 10 billion tion and demand. Ehrlich lost that been relatively good over the last 50 people. How many would eat seaweed? bet, and Lam said that were anyone to years, he thinks the future isn’t that Fewer people raise their hands. If we make a similar bet against his predic­ bad,” Becker says. As a social demogra­ all ate seaweed, we could probably tions, he thought they’d lose, too. pher with an ecological orientation, feed 12 billion because there’s a lot Stanley Becker of the Bloomberg Becker has considered a variety of of seaweed out there. You know how School of Public Health was in the factors and come to a more pessimistic things change, so who knows?”

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 25 EVIDENCE |

Tumor bomb: Drugs derived from a weed shrink tumors in mice.

Eavesdroppers: Mouse stem cells listen in on neurons’ chemical conversations. left: Photo by G erry S un right: Photo by M iguel A ngel G arcia

DANGEROUS OUT THERE using human neurons instead of mouse models. Older women who experience more fragmented sleep—waking repeatedly Stem cells in the brains of mice monitor after initially falling asleep—were found the chemical messaging among neurons, By Dale Keiger to be three times more likely to end up to determine whether they should remain For more information on in a nursing home. dormant or create new brain cells in these discoveries, go to response­ to stress. Scientists likened People with serious mental illness such hub.jhu.edu/magazine. the cranial eavesdropping to listening as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or in on a nearby telephone conversation. depression are 2.6 times more likely to develop cancer. A separate study found When seeded onto nanoscale artificial that a similar population was twice as fiber scaffolds, stem cells derived from likely to end up in an emergency room the bone marrow of goats developed into or a hospital inpatient department as a material much like cartilage. When the result of injury, and 4.5 times more likely scaffolds were then implanted in the to die from those injuries. damaged­ knees of rats, they produced a more durable type of collagen that could help repair cartilage. STEM CELLS Scientists used induced pluripotent EGGS AND WEEDS stem cells derived from humans with Parkinson’s to create in a lab the sort More than one-fourth of egg-allergic chil­ of damaged neurons indicative of dren lost their egg allergies altogether the disease. This “Parkinson’s in a after receiving carefully metered and dish” creates, for the first time, the increasingly larger doses of egg-white ability to study the ailment in a lab powder over a 10-month period. Other

26 | johns hopkins magazine Pluto bound: New Horizons is more than halfway there.

left: courtesy the H emoglobe team right: courtesy JHUAPL / S w RI Fingertip medicine: Students use smartphones to test for anemia.

research has shown that similar oral three times more likely to develop an To help diagnose anemia in developing immunotherapy can be useful in SSI after an operation. nations, biomedical engineering under- treating children’s allergies to milk Adults 65 to 89 years old who suffer graduates have developed a prototype and peanuts. serious head injuries on the weekend low-cost sensor that shines light through a patient’s fingertip, measuring hemoglo- A three-day course of a drug derived are 14 percent more likely to die from bin in the blood. The sensor then displays from Thapsia garganica, a Mediterranean those injuries than adults who get the color-coded results on a health care weed, reduced human prostate tumors hurt Monday through Friday. A similar­ worker’s cellphone. The technology could grown in mice by more than 50 percent “weekend effect” has already been doc­ enable cheap anemia tests that do not within 30 days. The same drug produced umented for heart attack, stroke, and require pricking fingertips with needles. at least 50 percent regression in models aneurism. Investigators suspect week- of breast, kidney, and bladder cancers. ends are dangerous because­ hospitals Researchers have figured out how to sort have fewer experienced doctors and cells in a liquid by driving them over an nurses on duty, and specialists are harder obstacle course of microscopic speed TOWARD SAFER HOSPITALS to locate on Saturdays and Sundays. bumps. When cells encounter a series of Requiring a safety checklist and micron-scale diagonal ramps in a testing urging health workers to report MACHINES BIG AND SMALL device, heavier ones have more trouble poten­tially unsafe practices was found getting up the ramps, which divert them New Horizons, the spacecraft seven to reduce colorectal surgical site to side lanes. Ramps of different sizes years into its 10-year voyage to Pluto, infections­ (SSIs) by 33 percent. Such could sort the cells by weight, and “rehearsed” its future encounter with infections result in hospital readmis­ variations on the technique could sort by the dwarf planet in a detailed simulation sions and long stays, and cost an esti- size or electrical charge. The new technol- directed by the Applied Physics Labora- mated $1 billion annually. ogy could have important applications in tory. Controllers on Earth sent 9,675 detecting circulating tumor cells. A single skin infection in a patient’s commands to New Horizons, which past—such as an abscess, impetigo, conducted 77 observations and success- or cellulitis—may make that patient fully transmitted data back to Earth.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 27 Changing the Game One year into an ambitious new school development, both teachers and students learn to expect more from the East Baltimore Community School.

Bret McCabe | Photography Chris Hartlove

28 | johns hopkins magazine Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 29 he corner of Ashland and North Col- Johns Hopkins University, whose East Baltimore lington avenues in East Baltimore is a campus is less than half a mile from this corner. stark example of urban renewal’s The school will be the first new one built in East transitional anxieties. It’s located Baltimore in 25 years, and Johns Hopkins’ first along the southern border of about university-assisted community school partner- Tseven acres of an inner-city neighborhood where ship, a strategy of education reform that has residential row houses once stood. Now it’s a sprouted up around the country over roughly the weedy plain bounded by a fence. A train track runs past three decades. along the lot’s northern edge, rushing passengers In his September 2010 inaugural address, between Washington, D.C., and New York. This Johns Hopkins President Ron Daniels spoke of intersection sits in Baltimore’s Perkins/Middle the university’s responsibility to its surrounding East neighborhood, home to roughly 4,500 peo- neighborhoods. “This commitment to commu- ple. It’s a neighborhood where more than 87 per- nity is manifested in so many different and pro- cent of the population is African-American. found ways,” he said. “In the role that our faculty, Where the median household income is just students, and staff play in our public school sys- above $18,000 per year. Where 28 percent of resi- tem, in the many contributions that our schools “This program dents live below the poverty line. Where about 20 and health systems have made to address the has allowed percent of residential properties are vacant. pressing health needs of our city, in the energy me to be more On a hot Monday evening in June, Baltimore and financial resources we have invested in the focused and Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake stands on a very ambitious and worthy project that is aimed podium at that corner inviting people to visualize at restoring our city’s east side as a safe, prosper- patient and something different. “We have set out an ambi- ous, and vibrant community.” complete my tious goal of growing Baltimore by 10,000 fami- The East Baltimore Development Initiative, classwork. lies in the next 10 years,” she says. “But to do that, and this school specifically, is a big part of that Now I read we need current residents to know that we are community engagement for Daniels, who in Feb- with interest focused on the fundamentals that mean the most ruary told the EBDI board that he stakes the suc- and curiosity.” to families: safer streets, better schools, and cess of his presidency on the project’s success—a Sidney Young stronger neighborhoods. . . . An important part genuine risk, given the community criticisms of of the community is a strong school. And that’s the development project since its inception. what residents will have here soon.” Speaking at the June groundbreaking, he thanked A nice-sized crowd has gathered for the cere- the elected officials, community and foundation monial groundbreaking of Elmer A. Henderson: leaders, and Johns Hopkins deans and staff who A Johns Hopkins Partnership School, construc- make the partnership possible, before remarking tion of which is slated to begin this fall. There is on an Amtrak train that had passed during a pre- a carnival-like atmosphere. Kids have their faces vious speech. “Imagine that in the years to come, painted. Nursing students invite kids to jump when people go up and down the Northeast Cor- rope and take their pulse to see how exercise ridor,” he said, “what they will see in East Balti- increases heart rate. Both Ravens and Orioles more is this magnificent school.” team mascots have shown up. The school, a It’s an ambitious vision sometimes difficult to $43 million facility to house kindergarten picture right now. The East Baltimore Community through eighth grade and early childhood and School is a Baltimore City Public Schools contract community centers, will be the anchor to the school (a version of a charter school) founded 88-acre biotech and residential urban renewal three years ago by EBDI. A year ago, the Johns project started in 2002 by the East Baltimore Hopkins School of Education partnered with Mor- Development Initiative. East Baltimore Develop- gan State University to take over day-to-day opera- ment Inc. is a nonprofit organization forged out tions of the school. When the new school building of the partnership of the state of Maryland, the is complete, EBCS will move into the space and city of Baltimore, the Annie E. Casey Foundation, change its name to Henderson-Hopkins. Until the Harry and Jean­ette Weinberg Foundation, that time, EBCS will be housed in a temporary and other institutions and businesses, including building that, like Johns Hopkins’ East Baltimore

30 | johns hopkins magazine campus, is less than half a mile from the ground- seats on the floor and clapping in time to a pair of breaking event, only to the northwest. Inside a middle schoolers playing hand drums. roughly half-square-mile area surrounding the Music teacher Bridget Myers directs traffic new site, the Baltimore Police Department crime with a wireless microphone. “This doesn’t sound incident reports reveal the following data for Jan- like the end of the school year to me,” she says, uary 1 through June 13, 2012, the beginning of the before thanking teachers by name for getting their year to the last day of school: 22 assaults, eight classes into place. “Let me see. Does kindergarten breaking and enterings, 10 thefts from vehicles, clap the loudest? Or does first grade clap the loud- nine thefts, one vehicle theft, seven robberies, est?” She runs through all the classes, with each one arson, and three registered sex offenders. class adding a little more excitement when she During the 2011–12 year, EBCS served approx- calls on them. Save sixth grade, which puts all the imately 250 students across grades K–3, 6, and 7. energy 11- and 12-year-olds can muster into the Sidney Young is one of those students. She is also activity. “Sixth grade?” Myers asks, looking directly the emcee for the groundbreaking event, and, for at them before breaking into a smile. “Sixth grade a third-grader, she is fantastic with a stump needs a little help this morning.” speech, looking adorable in her school uniform The roughly 20-minute assembly is peppered and with her face painted, pulling a stool out so with music and call-and-response, which provide she can reach the podium microphone. She a framework for participation, an entry point for proudly talks about her teachers, how her reading students to take part in and take charge of the habits have changed, and how she feels better day. “What that does for our middle school is it about herself. “This program has allowed me to really boosts their confidence and allows them to be more focused and patient and complete my know they are really the school leaders,” says kin- classwork,” Young says. “Before this program I dergarten teacher Andrea Evans. “It’s not just sit had a difficult time staying focused and all I still, be quiet. We have a purpose of why we’re in wanted to do was get to the end of the story, but I community meeting and they want to be a part of wouldn’t understand what the story was about. it and included and know that the younger chil- Now I read with interest and curiosity.” dren are looking up to them.” Young’s improvement in reading comprehen- This sense of purpose is the biggest notice- sion is commendable. More impressive is how able change in the school. It was one of the main she describes her attitude toward reading. Of goals for the 2011–12 school year identified by course, the complete story of the school and its Annette Anderson, the School of Education’s success won’t be revealed for at least a decade, dean of community schools. A Baltimore native, when the students who entered kindergarten here Anderson was hired by EBDI and brought to the complete high school and begin to navigate life school in January 2011. She had previously been after public education. But the story of how edu- the principal of a university-assisted school in cation reform begins is already under way. Three Chester, Pennsylvania, a partnership between years into its existence and one year into its part- Widener University and the Chester Upland nership with Johns Hopkins, the EBCS commu- School District. nity is starting to see its students see themselves Anderson says that when she arrived at EBCS differently. It’s a school in the process of getting one of her immediate goals was to address the people—teachers, staff, parents, students—to school’s culture and environment. “We set out to expect more from themselves and their school. change the conditions in which the instruction occurred,” she says. That included changing col- nside the EBCS temporary building, the ors and settings in the school itself to create a dif- cafeteria is a white-tile-floored rectangle. ferent atmosphere. Bare cinder block walls were Every Wednesday at 11 a.m., tables are covered with images depicting life in the neigh- folded up and pushed to one side for the borhood. “We chose very specific images of East weekly community day assembly. On a Baltimore and our school in the context of the MayI morning, students in their uniform khaki rest of the world because we want our children to pants and navy polo shirts file in by class, taking know where they are and where they’re going and

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 31 that they’re part of something bigger,” she con- at the turn of the century, the authors see educa- tinues. “We needed to announce that we were tion as the key component in creating healthy com- here and that we’re serious about what we came munities, which create a healthy democracy. One here to do. The priority this year is to set the con- of the byproducts of the Big Science era was the ditions for rigor.” creation of a “contradiction between the increas- In the education reform conversation of recent ing status, wealth, power, and dominant role of decades rigor is one of those words associated American higher education in American society . . with a different group of three Rs—rigor, rele- . and the increasingly pathological state of the vance, and relationships. It’s an ideal summarized American city,” they write. In short, “after 1989, the by Richard Strong, Harvey Silver, and Matthew combination of external pressure and enlightened Perini in their 2001 book, Teaching What Matters self-interest increasingly spurred American Most: Standards and Strategies for Raising Student research universities to recognize that they would Achievement: “Rigor is the goal of helping students benefit greatly if they functioned simultaneously develop the capacity to understand content that is as universal and as local institutions of higher edu- complex, ambiguous, provocative, and personally cation, i.e., democratic cosmopolitan civic institu- or emotionally challenging.” tions not in but of and for their local communities.” This definition frames public education not [italics the authors’] as the institution through which we gain access It’s such an endeavor that President Daniels to information but the laboratory where we learn alluded to in his inaugural address, and to get how to think about who we are. That sets the there requires a change in school culture—at the benchmark higher than the dominant 20th-cen- university level of how it understands its role in tury model, which defined K–12 education as the its surrounding community and particularly at first step on the road to college and/or entering the level of the primary school and in the class- the workforce. At stake is how a society produces room itself. It’s a matter of calibrating students, knowledge, and universities—especially research teachers, and parents to expect something differ- universities—are knowledge producers. ent from the time kids spend at school. It’s a mat- In a sense, Johns Hopkins’ relationship with ter of defining and refining the parent-student EBCS and the building of the Henderson-Hop- and parent-teacher relationship. It’s a matter of kins partnership school brings education reform everybody—teachers, students, parents—know- back to where its American revolution started. In ing and understanding their roles in the educa- the 2000 paper “The Role of Community-Higher tion process. Education-School Partnerships in Educational and Social Development and Democratization,” school of education’s role is to the University of Pennsylvania’s Ira Harkavy and identify issues facing education the late Lee Benson chart the course of American and try to address them, and education revolutions, naming the creation of Henderson-Hopkins will provide Johns Hopkins—a distinctly American variation the Johns Hopkins School of Edu- on the European research university—as the first. Acation with a site for such research, professional The second revolution is the postwar rise in Big training, and evaluation. When it opens in 2013, Science in conjunction with the Cold War, the new school will involve faculty and graduate spurred by Manhattan Project administrator Van- students from not only the School of Education nevar Bush’s call for a bigger governmental sup- but also the School of Nursing for health and port of research. wellness, the Peabody Institute for musical Since the 1989 end of the Cold War, Benson instruction, and other of the university’s aca- and Harkavy argue that research universities demic divisions to create a hub for the developing should continue to realign their identities, pursu- East Baltimore community. “The timing was right ing local solutions alongside scientific break- for us to move in and get to know the existing staff throughs. Building on the education reform ideas while we think about how we’re going to expand of John Dewey (who received his doctorate from and build those relationships,” says David Johns Hopkins in 1884), who launched lab schools Andrews, dean of the School of Education, of the

32 | johns hopkins magazine It’s a school in the process of getting teachers, staff, parents, and students to expect more from themselves and their school.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 33 school’s role at EBCS. “So when we move into the communication–intensive approach that empha- new building, it’s about expanding and modify- sizes cooperative learning, grouping students ing a program, not building it from the ground together according to ability to focus on skills up.” Taking over school operations enabled development, steady assessment to identify and Johns Hopkins to begin the transition process, address issues quickly, and family engagement. including hiring a principal and introducing a It’s also an evidence-based education curricu- new curriculum. lum that promotes best practices informed by That principal is Baltimore native Katrina classroom data. “We have what is generally con- Foster, Ed ’05 (MAT), a 10-year education veteran sidered one of the most evidence-based literacy who joined EBCS a few weeks before the 2012–13 programs in the country,” Andrews says. “It’s par- school year began. (With a new kindergarten ticularly suited for trying to close the achieve- class matriculating, the school has grown this ment gap, especially with struggling readers who year to 284 students.) The new curriculum is Suc- need to be regrouped and focused.” cess For All (SFA), a comprehensive school SFA facilitator Christine SySantos came to reform effort that builds peer-to-peer learning EBCS to train the staff in the curriculum, oversee into its program. the process, and provide professional develop- In education reform, such student-to-student ment throughout the year. “The students go conversations are known as “Accountable Talk,” a through a transition of getting along together and concept introduced by educational psychologist learning problem-solving skills and listening Lauren Resnick in the mid-1990s as a way to add skills,” she says. “Success For All is based on coop- interactive discussion to the primary education erative learning, so if the children don’t know how process. How Accountable Talk works in the class- to work together, it’s not going to be successful.” room is one ongoing discussion in education For the first two weeks of the academic year, reform. Success For All was created in the 1980s by the kindergarten team worked with the students Robert Slavin, A&S ’75 (PhD), his wife, Nancy Mad- to create a more sociable classroom, where speak- den, and Johns Hopkins colleagues. (Today, Slavin ing to the teachers and each other was part of the and Madden are faculty at Johns Hopkins’ Center process. “We worked on being respectful and tak- for Research and Reform in Education, and SFA ing turns and being able to talk and disagree curricula are used in about 1,500 schools nation- without being argumentative,” Evans says. wide.) It’s a reading-comprehension and oral “Accountable Talk is a big push in Baltimore City

34 | johns hopkins magazine this year, speaking and listening. An assessment scored about the same as their citywide peers on has to be individualized, but while we’re working the math assessment. The seventh graders out our answers, it’s OK to talk with other people. scored better than their peers in reading, though It’s not just, well, Johnny, you sit and you get your the third- and sixth-graders performed worse. answer, and Sue, you sit and you get your answer, “New schools take two or three years to have and then you’ll compete and see who has the best the kind of impact that we want them to have, answer. Those days are gone.” typically,” Andrews says of the MSA scores. “The That social aspect runs through the school, first year is essential to establish the right type of the product both of the SFA approach and the culture and climate. When we came into the school’s stabilizing its identity in its third year of school there was an overabundance of discipline operation. “The whole environment of the school and attendance problems. So we spent a lot of was different this year,” kindergarten teacher time improving the culture and climate, and we Terry Kreft says. “We know the children and they feel like we’ve accomplished that pretty well. know us. And to me that’s one of the biggest We’ve seen major drop-offs in discipline con- things with behavior—we all know what’s tacts, meaning the number of kids sent to the expected of us.” principal’s office who are written up, or suspen- Parents know what’s expected of them as well, sions or expulsions.” But that’s only the first says teacher assistant Matthew Prestbury, who step, Andrews says. “We’re happy with the cul- this past year started the Fathers Are Necessary ture and the climate, but we’re not satisfied with club, where fathers and father figures discuss where we are academically. We have to keep fatherhood, manhood, and raising children. “The expectations high for this group of kids. That’s parents have an understanding of the fact that it’s my job—to keep pushing really, really high not going to be a whole bunch of foolishness,” he expectations and not settle for what we see as “We’re happy says. “If you want your child here, there are cer- kind of small wins.” tain things you have to do.” Education reform is hard work, particularly at with the culture “Our parent base is similar to what you would a school that will serve as an anchor to urban and climate, find at an elite school—they’ll go above and revival efforts. And Anderson sees the school—its but we’re not beyond,” Evans says. Parents consistently show students, teachers, and parents—laying the satisfied with up for the school’s Celebrations of Learning groundwork for getting the community where it where we are nights, where the students present classroom aspires to be. “We really had a great transition academically. projects; Parent and Community Engagement into becoming the operator, but that transition We have to keep meetings, during which school policy and is not finished,” she says. “We still have to transi- expectations procedures are discussed and shaped; and tion into the new facility and transition into our high for this weekend Parent University classes, to work on programming serving children not only at a K–8 group of kids.” and discuss parenting skills. When EBCS had facility but serving children from 8 weeks old to to present its name change to Henderson-Hop- eighth grade. There’s just so many pieces to tran- David Andrews kins before the Baltimore City Public Schools sition and connect all those dots together.” board, about 50 parents showed up to the meet- Anderson also sees the school’s relationship ing with placards supporting the change. “The with Johns Hopkins as a future model for educa- idea that we have both Henderson and Hopkins tion reform and university-community school in that name, in that collaboration, I think that partnerships. “We are uniquely poised to be a was very important for the community,” Ander- leader around what universities can do in the son says. “I think we’ve built up a great degree of K–12 arena,” she says. “The university has a trust with families.” strong impact on the school, but the school is Classroom success, though, is still evaluated also impacting the university. And I think that is by the standardized testing mandated by the No really where the conversation around true educa- Child Left Behind Act, and in Maryland that tion reform is built.” means the Maryland School Assessment admin- Bret McCabe, A&S ’94, is the magazine’s senior writer. Many thanks to istered to third- through eighth-graders every the EBCS students who participated in our photo shoot: Breyell Pratt, March. EBCS third-, sixth-, and seventh-graders Melise Cade, Catrell Butler, and Reggie Phifer.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 35 36 | johns hopkins magazine Hospital, Heal Thyself

Johns Hopkins surgeon Marty Makary’s new tell-all book argues that medicine is too often malpracticed. Why did he decide to blow the whistle on his own profession?

It’s a good, virtuous life: In the morning, Marty Makary performs pains- taking, delicate procedures on the pancreas, sometimes saving patients with the grimmest of prognoses. What’s more, his surgical innovations have been key to restoring the lives of pancreatitis sufferers who, wracked by debilitating pain, previously had little hope of returning to normal. During the afternoon and evening, Makary, an associate professor of sur- gery at the School of Medicine, teaches those advanced techniques. On many days, his expertise and plain talk about medical matters pop up on CNN, where he plays a regular correspondent’s role. And he was on a short list of candidates for U.S. Surgeon General in 2009. That’s a serious résumé for a young doctor, one who still has energy for weekend rounds of golf and regular trips to the Middle East. Yet for all of those days well spent, Makary, 41, is far from satisfied. Dating back to his time at Harvard Medical School, something’s been eating at his craw, gnawing at the core of what he does and who he is. Back then, the mistakes, oversights, and slights he saw in hospitals led him to leave med school. Doctors unqualified to perform operations did so anyway. Hospitals ignored their harrowing rates of infection. Patients often received care not because they needed it but because it was what their specialists were trained to give them. Too often, they had “care” shoved down their throats. “There were too many examples of, ‘When you’re a hammer, everything’s a nail,’” Makary says. “I had to get out.” He dropped out to study public health, but would eventually return to Michael Anft med school to take his place among the oath takers, determined not only Illustration to do good but to do better. “When I first landed at a hospital, the other Adam Simpson residents and I would talk about some shocking stuff—errors in surgery,

| 37 dangerous glitches in basic care—over dinner or ously stressful when patients suffer from a mis- drinks,” he recalls. “During residency, you see take, but it can be devastating for caregivers as just how messed up things are. The problem is, well. If we can’t talk about these mistakes, how it’s very difficult to speak up about it all.” can we change things, make them better?” As years went by, things didn’t change enough The idea that medicine—long viewed, per- to calm him. So, two years ago, Makary decided to haps wrongly, as an implacable, charitable source pipe up. After receiving and rejecting the usual for good as well as a fount of continuous innova- tips on possible medical book subjects from pub- tion—can be drastically improved by changing its lishing agents (such as the best vitamins for culture is a relatively new one. Though concepts health), he decided instead “to write what was in such as “accountability” and “transparency” have my heart.” What he found there was bile for a sys- been trotted out from time to time, Makary tem that often puts itself forth as a charity but believes that medicine is still a closed shop. acts with the cruel calculation of a business. The In Unaccountable, he specifically targets result is the often pointed but ultimately hopeful hospitals, arguing that they need to gather, Unaccountable: What Hospitals Won’t Tell You and analyze, and publish information vital to pro- How Transparency Can Revolutionize Health Care, spective patients. They should keep precise published by Bloomsbury in September. tabs on patients’ surgical outcomes, the rate of The book emerges at a time when the United hospital-borne infections, and other measures, States is facing questions about how to run a and then put the statistics out where the public health system. “People are increasingly frustrated can see them (including on the Internet). Doing by the entire health care system,” says Makary, a that would encourage hospitals to hold them- slight man with a deliberate and direct way of selves to higher standards. They would be forced talking. “The culture of medicine, the way we do to rehabilitate, train, or weed out physicians and what we do, is the giant elephant in the room. It other professionals who need to do better, should be transparent, yet it isn’t.” Putting that Makary says, and the practice of medicine would culture under the microscope motivated him fur- be greatly improved. ther, he says. “I thought it was the right time to By focusing only on best practices, hospitals change the health care debate.” would also reduce the cost of care. Other improve- Everyone has a hospital horror story, he says— ments, such as placing video cameras in operat- everything from a relative who was given a dan- ing rooms and intensive care units, could catch gerous prescription to a friend of a friend whose bad surgeons and the potentially harmful habits operation was performed on the wrong side of the of staff early on, before people are hurt, he adds. body. “I’m hoping that people inside and outside Alas, hospitals too often do the opposite, he the industry are starting to see they need to deal says, preferring to promote more costly offerings, with this,” Makary says. “When people saw that such as robotic surgery, that offer no benefit to bank fees were out of control, many put their patients beyond that of more traditional surgical money into [lower-fee] credit unions. We need techniques. Doctors often receive what Makary that kind of activism in medicine.” fearlessly calls “kickbacks” to use certain Though his book is far from autobiographical, machines or prescribe some drugs. None of this Makary uses examples from his own medical redounds to the patient’s benefit or to the faith career to present the inadequacies of health care. people have in the medical industry. He relates, with regret and fine writerly detail, the Meanwhile, hospitals see little gain in pre- tale about a night when he, as an exhausted resi- senting statistics about their performance, dent, almost lost a patient on a ventilator because Makary says—another impediment to better of a mistake he made. By writing about such treatment. “Their thinking is, ‘What if we have a instances, he hopes to inspire more doctors, bad year?’ They’d rather keep the steady stream nurses, and hospital administrators to bare their of money coming in. They know that people view souls. “I’m trying to break down the closed-door them as a beneficent entity, almost a charity. But culture of medicine,” he says. “We keep our short- if they’re going to behave like a business, such as comings to ourselves and we shouldn’t. It’s obvi- by hiring aggressive collection agencies to go

38 | johns hopkins magazine after patients, they need to truly act like a good Because of his groundbreaking research into business acts.” patient safety, other physicians say he’s the right Unfortunately, too many medical centers wait one to blow the whistle on the medical profes- till tragedy strikes before making changes, he sion. “He’s been a dedicated observer of health adds. “The one thing that moves hospitals the care at several institutions and has published very fastest is patient deaths and botched surgeries strong research,” says Michael Johns, a chancel- that have been made public,” Makary says. “After lor at Emory University, in Atlanta, and the for- public relations disasters happen, you’re much mer dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Medi- more likely to see cameras in operating rooms,” cine. Johns, who got a sneak peek of the book, along with other accountability measures. pre-publication, offers one caution: “He does a Makary is careful to note that the vast majority really nice job of grabbing readers’ attention with of medical people are qualified and dedicated, his stories. But the book needs to be read in the and regularly do fine work. But his frustration is right sense, and that is that there’s room for palpable. He came to write Unaccountable after improvement. You don’t want people to read it years of dedicating half of his professional prac- and be afraid of seeking out care.” tice (his afternoons and nights) to research into Makary’s strong use of anecdotes to open patient safety. (These days, he is also an associate chapters makes for compelling narratives. professor of health policy and management at the There’s the neglect and abysmal living conditions Marty Makary Bloomberg School of Public Health.) While many suffered by wounded soldiers at Walter Reed hopes to inspire hospitals highlight glitzy new cancer centers, Army Medical Center. A butchering surgeon that more doctors, Makary believes they should emphasize safety at residents dubbed “HODAD”—shorthand for nurses, and hospital least as assiduously. “Advances in patient safety “Hands of Death and Destruction.” An elderly administrators will save more lives than chemotherapy this year,” patient who declined a biopsy but was given one to bare their souls. he says. anyway—with horrible results. Perhaps those Not long after coming to Johns Hopkins a thumbnail sketches are why 60 Minutes, Reader’s “I’m trying to decade ago, Makary created an operating room Digest, Dan Rather Reports, and other shows and break down the checklist designed to eliminate simple mistakes publications are lining up to interview Makary or closed-door culture and to improve patient outcomes. He published excerpt his book. An independent film company of medicine.” the lowered postoperative infection rates that is making a documentary about health care based accompanied the use of the list, which was also on it. Bloomsbury, his publisher—the same outfit highlighted in The Checklist Manifesto, a 2009 that released the Harry Potter books—has made best-seller penned by Atul Gawande, a surgeon at Unaccountable its top priority for 2012. Harvard and a writer for the New Yorker, as an For all the brewing hubbub, Makary insists example of how simple measures—washing he’s not so much a single-minded activist as a hands, regularly sterilizing IV lines, communicat- messenger. “I didn’t create this movement,” he ing clearly, the checking off of duties by nurses— says. “We’re at a turning point in American med- can go a long way toward making patients health- icine now. There is a new generation of physi- ier. The surgical checklist was used as a model by cians that believes medicine should be transpar- the World Health Organization for its own check- ent, that is tired of the old b.s., and wants to list, which is now regularly posted on operating change things.” But the old guard isn’t far room walls around the world. behind—which gives Makary even more hope. Along with the intensive care unit–centered The Institute of Medicine, a vaunted research work of Peter Pronovost, a professor of anesthesi- entity that often investigates best practices, and ology and critical care medicine at the School of the American Board of Internal Medicine are Medicine, Makary has adapted widely used ques- starting to take accountability seriously. Even the tionnaires that hospital staffs answer to determine doctor-protective American Medical Association how safe their practices are. The duo’s research has taken notice. “Doctors are monitoring exactly into making hospitals safer has saved uncounted what they do. They’re researching and question- lives—and reinforced Johns Hopkins Hospital’s ing it,” he says. “It’s unprecedented.” organized efforts to improve patient care. Michael Anft is a former senior writer for the magazine.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 39 Dontae Winslow looked back to older instrument designs to create the trumpet he needs today.

Bret McCabe | Photography Elena Dorfman making notes

rumpeter Dontae Winslow was searching for a sound. He knew it when he heard it—the cool coo of the unflappable Miles Davis in the 1960s, the brassy punches that Richard “Kush” Griffith peppered into the funk and soul of James Brown, George Clinton, the Jackson 5, and the Commodores. He just couldn’t quite get it right. T“I was looking for two things,” says Winslow, Peab ’97, ’99 (MM), who is receiving the 2012 Peabody Conservatory Young Maestro Award this fall. “I was looking for something that would pop and was crisp on record when I’m playing behind these rap stars and R&B artists, and [something that would] sound vintage also.” Winslow is a West Baltimore native whose artistic tastes are as influenced by the gospel of his Baptist upbringing and the classical music of his Peabody training as they are by con- temporary jazz, hip-hop, and R&B. As WinslowDynasty, he and his wife, Mashica, write, perform, and produce their own music. But Dontae also makes at least part of his living touring and recording with the likes of D’Angelo, Lauryn Hill, Dr. Dre, Beyoncé, and others. “I love P-Funk horns,” he says. “I love old James Brown horns. And a lot of times those guys played Conn instruments.” He’s talking about a small-bore trumpet manufactured by

40 | johns hopkins magazine Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 41 C.G. Conn Ltd., an American instrument maker mostly jazz people played back in the day—Dizzy, founded in 1876 in Elkhart, Indiana. (The bore Miles, Clifford Brown, Lee Morgan, Freddie Hub- size refers to the diameter of the tubing that runs bard—they are more efficient,” Winslow says. from the mouthpiece to the bell.) From the 1910s “They use less air to get more notes and more to the late 1940s Conn manufactured a profes- sound. And when you push on it, it kind of has sional-grade small-bore trumpet, in addition to a this compressed quality to it.” number of other brass and wind instruments, Winslow knew a Dutch instrument maker and became a favorite brand for a number of called Adams Musical Instruments because he postwar jazz musicians. Conn began to focus on used its flugelhorn for recording and touring. He the public school band market in the late 1950s, got in touch with instrument designer Miel which led to a decline in quality and reputation. Adams; they discussed what he was looking for The company changed hands several times from and started prototyping models. The first one the 1970s onward and was eventually acquired by didn’t cut it, and while the second one was better, the Steinway Musical Instruments conglomerate. “it had some funky notes on it,” Winslow says. Over the years, medium- and large-bore trumpets After another prototype, Adams nailed it with became the industry standard, and Conn’s sche- the fourth, and the Dontae Winslow Adams DW matics for its small-bore trumpets were lost in A6 trumpet made its debut in May at the 2012 various ownership shuffles. International Trumpet Guild Conference in Winslow went looking for anybody who was Columbus, Georgia. It’s the trumpet Winslow making something similar today. “I was asking, played on American Idol and The Voice last season, ‘Can you make a horn that’s, like, vintage,’” he and the trumpet he took on tour this summer says. “I’m always trying to sound like a sample— with Jill Scott. On the side of the tube leading to like an old record. None of the horns they make the bell, etched into tubing is “WinslowDynasty.” today really speak to that.” “That’s the only horn I play,” he says. “I mean, Medium- and large-bore trumpets create a I’m a guy from North Avenue. I would never have big, open sound, which is good for orchestral dreamed that I would grow up in Baltimore public To hear Winslow music and players who can produce a wealth of schools and have a trumpet named after me.” play the DWA6, visit hub.jhu.edu/magazine. wind. “But small-bore trumpets, which was what Bret McCabe, A&S ’94, is the magazine’s senior writer.

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Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 43 44 | johns hopkins magazine Johns Hopkins just acquired a massive collection of books and manuscripts—every last one of them fake.

Dominican friar with the assonant name Giovanni Nanni published a work of scholarship in the late summer of A1498 titled Commentaries on the Works of Various Authors Who Spoke of Antiquity. A volume of substantial erudition and no small ambition, Commentaries reproduced six inscriptions, unearthed at a dig near Viterbo, Italy, and 11 texts from the various ancient authors of the title, including Berosus the Chaldean, Quintus Fabius Pictor, Cato the Elder, and Archi- lochus. Medieval scholars knew of these authors’ existence but believed that none of their work had survived, save for scarce fragments. Nanni, better known today as Annius of Vit- erbo, not only published these texts for the first time but took what they related concerning antiquity and used it to rewrite the history of the West from Noah’s flood to Charlemagne. His was a startling revision that not only posited Viterbo as site of Noah’s first postdiluvian colony and thus the world’s oldest city, but denigrated the ancient Greeks as overrated plagiarists while elevating the Etruscans to Noah’s eldest and favorite descendants and the true inventors of everything val- ued from the ancient world. In the words of scholar Walter Stephens, the book revealed “a European past of which his contemporaries had barely dreamed, whose contours and boundaries bore only a superficial resemblance to those they had known before.” From 1498 to 1612, about 20 editions of the book were published in Italy, France, Germany, Switzer- land, Belgium, and Spain. Commentaries was a remarkable

Dale Keiger Photography Chris Hartlove | Letterpress Mary Mashburn

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 45 example of early Renaissance humanistic learn- temporarily shelved in a storeroom of the Rare ing. It also was a fraud from first word to last. Books and Manuscripts Department at the Mil- The six inscriptions? Annius had forged them, ton S. Eisenhower Library. A makeshift paper sign and by one 16th-century account had buried the taped to the shelving reads “Bibliotheca Fictiva.” fragments himself, so they could be dug up “acci- This is the informal name of the Arthur and Janet dentally” and then “translated” by him. He had Freeman Collection of Literary and Historical made up almost every word of the 11 literary texts Forgery, recently bought by Johns Hopkins: 1,200 as well. Because there were no complete extant rare books and manuscripts, assembled by works from his lost ancient authors, he could Arthur Freeman, an antiquarian book dealer in make them say whatever he wanted, and he did. London, and his wife that form a comprehensive From this initial act of forgery, he spun more than survey of literary and historical forgery from 350 pages of dense scholarly commentaries and ancient Greece to the end of the 20th century. Ste- created his argument for the primacy of the Etrus- phens is unequivocal about the standing of this cans and Viterbo’s status as the cradle of European collection. “Number one. Number one,” he says. culture. Skeptics began to question the authentic- “In the first place, because it’s such a complete ity of Commentaries within a few years of its appear- collection. In the second place, because it is so ance, but for more than 200 years there were schol- single-mindedly dedicated to forgery. There are ars who promoted Annius’ work as genuine other people who collect forgeries, but to the best scholarship, whether they believed it or not. He of my knowledge, there’s nobody who has any- still had energetic defenders as late as 1779. thing even remotely approaching the size and In his lifetime, Annius climbed the ranks of scope of this collection. It’s just absolutely phe- the church to become Maestro del Sacro Palazzo, nomenal.” official papal theologian under Pope Alexander The full catalog runs to more than 100 pages VI. But once he was conclusively debunked, he and continues to grow through new acquisitions. fell into obscurity. In the 1970s, he came to the There are forgeries from ancient Greece, ancient attention of Stephens. A doctoral student then Rome, and the early Christian West. Medieval and now a professor of Italian studies in the ecclesiastical forgeries, medieval secular forger- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Stephens ies, forgeries forged for profit and forgeries was fascinated by the work of François Rabelais, forged for political or ideological or theological who may have been familiar with Annius. “I had gain. Fakes from Britain, France, Belgium, Swit- a kind of literary fixation on this play of truth and zerland, Germany, Holland, Italy, Spain, Russia, The full falsehood in these early literary texts,” he says. “I Eastern Europe, and the United States. The work catalog runs ended up going to Italy for several years to work of the notorious forgers William Henry Ireland, to more than on my dissertation, and I had a mentor in Pisa. Thomas Chatterton, William Lauder, James 100 pages When I explained to him this interest of mine, he Macpherson, and John Payne Collier. There’s the and continues said, ‘Well, you should be reading Annius of Vit- first printed description of an “ancient” Hebrew erbo.’” Stephens went out that very day and found engraving that proved, Annius’ claims notwith- to grow a copy of Commentaries, then spent the next four standing, that Noah settled in Austria after the through new years working on it. “Once I got into the text, flood. (For a time, there was a brisk business in acquisitions. there was almost no way out. It became a kind of claiming “Noah landed here.”) There’s an eyewit- addiction.” He ended up writing his doctoral dis- ness account of the fall of Troy. “Evidence” that sertation on Annius, and for one of his email one Johann Mentelin, not Johannes Gutenberg, accounts uses anniodaviterbo for a username. As invented printing by movable type. “Proof” that a scholar Stephens has written about a variety of John Milton plagiarized substantial sections of other subjects, including Renaissance literature Paradise Lost. A prank by some early 18th-century and witchcraft, but he says, “No matter what I students in the form of a 14th-century edict from write about, I always seem to come back to forg- Queen Jeanne de Naples authorizing royally ery in one way or another.” licensed whorehouses. (College boys never So you can imagine his pleasant anticipation change.) Phony travel narratives, including one of a large assortment of newly acquired works from the early 18th century in which the author,

46 | johns hopkins magazine George Psalmanazar, claimed to have traveled in by the empirical author, that sponsors the text, Formosa (now Taiwan) and compiled a fake presenting it to the reader as the work of the alphabet and lexicon that included a version of attributed author. For example, says Stephens, the Lord’s Prayer in “Formosan.” The first appar- “Umberto Eco’s The Name of the Rose opens with ent printed account from 1581 of the “Aquila dis- a statement to the effect that, ‘Here is a memoir covery” of a scroll that “recorded” Pontius Pilate’s by a 14th-century monk, dear reader, I hope you death sentence upon Jesus Christ. Speaking of enjoy it, blah, blah, blah’—implicitly saying, ‘I Christ, there’s some correspondence from him, didn’t write this, I’m just giving it to you.’ And including a “letter from heaven” (a forgery first that’s the quintessential move of the forger: ‘I promulgated in the sixth century), and an account found this. I didn’t write it. This is something of his missing teenage years in India. (Who knew.) written by someone else, probably long ago, Earle Havens, a curator of rare books and which I had the good fortune to run across.’” manuscripts at the Sheridan Libraries and pos- A convincing work of forgery often requires a sibly the only person as excited as Walter Ste- significant level of scholarship and an abundant phens about the Bibliotheca Fictiva coming to knowledge of the history of textual production Johns Hopkins, says, “This collection gets at the from the Middle Ages to the modern era. The heart of what we teach our students every day at aforementioned Annius of Viterbo might have this university, which is to appreciate and con- been dishonest, but his work reveals that he was stantly question the sources of our knowledge of also learned about texts and textual history in the historical past.” And he adds, “Forgery has antiquity and early Christianity, was a theoreti- always been with us, like original sin. And it’s still cian of political reform, and had an interest in going on today.” natural philosophy and philology. Hermann Kyrielis, who forged a poem by Martin Luther tephens has harbored an interest in (nine three-line stanzas signed by the “author”), these works for 40 years. “I’m knew he could further enhance the credibility of intrigued by the way fiction and forg- his manuscript by tipping it into a late 16th-cen- ery rely on misrepresentation,” he tury binding that scholars knew had been made says. “In some of these older texts, for Jacques-Auguste de Thou, the leading histo- Sthere’s a very thin line between what we would rian of the French Renaissance. now call fiction and what we would now call forg- In the rare books department at the Eisen- ery. There’s even a subclass of literary works that hower Library, Havens opens a volume that once are what I call ‘fake forgeries’ or ‘pseudo-forger- belonged to Sir Thomas Phillipps, the greatest ies.’ That is, they are works that only pretend to manuscript collector of the 19th century. Com- present themselves as genuine, knowing quite posed of 52 leaves of artificially aged vellum, the well that the reader will intuit from the way book prompts Havens to say, “It looks like some- they’re presented that these are forgeries. Since thing out of The Lord of the Rings, right?” Each leaf the reader isn’t fooled, we can’t call them forger- is covered in handwritten Greek minuscule osten- ies in a strict sense. If you trace the trajectory of sibly written by Meletios of Chios, a Mount Athos fake forgeries, what you eventually come across is monk. Actually, it was written and assembled by the novel.” Constantine Simonides, a contemporary of Phil- He says that with a forged text, frequently lipps and a forger. To fool Phillipps, Simonides there are three “authors” at work. There’s always needed a facility in both late demotic and ancient the person who actually put pen to paper, whom Greek, plus knowledge of paleography and manu- Stephens calls the empirical author. Often there scripts and a fine hand for convincing ancient is an imaginary attributed author, such as Robin- calligraphy. “He would take pieces of parchment, son Crusoe in Daniel Defoe’s 18th-century novel which were very rare, and forge important Greek of the same name, or a misrepresented historical texts that ostensibly go back to classical antiq- author such as Ben Jonson in the forged poem uity, including this one, the only known ‘history’ “No Songe No Supper.” Third, says Stephens, of Byzantine painting to have survived from the there’s often “the sponsor,” a third voice, created ancient world,” Havens says. Phillipps also is

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 47 known to have had in his collection some Donation of Constantine to be fraudulent or stub- fragments of ancient Greek texts by Homer and bornly defended it as legitimate. Havens calls it Hesiod. Simonides wrote those, too. “the most famous forgery ever.” Like Simonides, many forgers were in it for the money, and they did not always have to invent ohns Hopkins partly owes its acquisi- an entire document or book. For example, a con tion of the Freeman collection to the artist might enhance the value of a volume by forger John Payne Collier. It was Col- forging a signature, or a note on the title page, to lier’s forgeries that first grabbed the make it appear that the book once had been attention of Arthur Freeman. Before owned by someone noteworthy. In the Freeman heJ became a full-time rare book dealer, Freeman collection there’s an important cosmographical was a Harvard-trained scholar and professor at text from 1563 by Bartholomeus Mercator, Breves Boston University whose specialty was Elizabe- in sphaeram meditatiunculae, signed by Johannes than literature, especially Shakespearean and Kepler. Well, actually, signed by Vrain-Denis pre-Shakespearean drama. Collier had been a Lucas, a 19th-century forger who, over the course Shakespearean scholar as well, who after gaining of 16 years, cooked up an astonishing 27,345 let- access to the major collections of early English ters and documents written by people you might literature in the early 1800s began producing a have heard of, including Aristotle, Alexander the series of forgeries, including a copy of Shake- Great, Attila, Cleopatra, Vercingetorix, Mary Mag- speare’s Second Folio that included changes to dalene, Judas Iscariot, Dante, Shakespeare, Mon- the plays that Collier claimed had been made by taigne, Pascal, and Newton. “an old corrector.” In 1853, Collier published a Some of the most important forgeries repre- new edition of Shakespeare that incorporated sented in the collection were means to political these changes, all of which were spurious. Over a ends. One occurred in either the eighth or ninth period of 60 years, he interwove false and genuine “Most people century, when someone—experts point the fin- documentary evidence about the life of Shake- now find it ger at various unidentified Catholic monks— speare and many other writers. Why? He was a impossible to cooked up a fourth-century document now competent scholar in a comfortable position with imagine how known as the Donation of Constantine. Accord- access to all of England’s great collections. “Some ing to the document, when the Roman emperor of it was amusement. Some of it was pulling the a really Constantine the Great left Rome to establish his leg of people he figured would be unable to con- respectable eastern capital at Constantinople in 330 CE, he tradict him,” Freeman says. “Sometimes it was scholar could granted to the pope authority over Rome and all keeping his own name in everyone’s eye, to show possibly toss of the western Roman Empire. This specious up his rivals, and keep his position as the leading in a few “donation” was used in the Middle Ages to justify authority in his field.” forgeries as papal infallibility, the occupation of the Papal He adds, “The question is never answered in a part of States in eastern Italy in the late Middle Ages and paragraph, for any forger. I think if Collier and I his work.” early Renaissance, and the pope’s ostensible could talk openly, we wouldn’t have any problem authority over all the kings and princes of Europe. understanding each other. One problem with Arthur Freeman Subsequent popes invoked “the donation” when forgery is that attitudes toward it have changed it suited their interests, such as when Pope enormously over the years that we’ve studied. Hadrian I was exhorting Charlemagne to endow Most people now find it impossible to imagine the church. The document was widely accepted how a really respectable scholar could possibly as legitimate until the 15th century, when critics toss in a few forgeries as part of his work. They began to point out discrepancies. For example, a cannot understand this because they are edu- scholar named Lorenzo Valla noted that the doc- cated to believe that forgery is lying and lying is ument used a vernacular style of Latin inconsis- bad.” Such has not always been the case, however. tent with common use at the time of Constan- “Erasmus is not only a truly great scholar, he’s a tine. The Freeman collection includes a nearly man who people adore. But, I mean, Erasmus did comprehensive collection of major 15th- and forge a whole big, heavy patristic text, just to sort early 16th-century treatises that either proved the of further his own theological and political ideas.

48 | johns hopkins magazine And I don’t think he went to his grave thinking, endowed to the university for the express pur- ‘Oh God, how could I have done that?’ You have pose of acquiring rare books and manuscripts, to look at things in terms of their time.” foundation support, and other sources. The Free- The American-born Freeman eventually mans donated a number of valuable items that moved from academia to the rare book business the library could not afford. The whole collection and from Boston to London. In the late 1950s, he arrived at Johns Hopkins in the weeks between began to assemble what would become the Thanksgiving and Christmas last year. world’s largest private collection of works per- Stephens could not be happier. “The collec- taining to John Payne Collier. “When I married tion positions Hopkins to be the world leader in my wife [Janet Ing], I asked her if she could find an until now neglected field of study,” he says. a way to become interested in Collier, because I “Given the fact that we now have the bulk of the thought I had to do something about all the known forgeries in European history, anyone can material I’d built up over the years,” he says. “She come here and consult a relatively complete sam- said, ‘Not in a million years.’” Nevertheless, they ple of any text or category of literary forgery, and worked together for 20 of those million years on do it in one place.” That study will have impor- a 2004 study of the forger that runs to 1,483 pages tance beyond teasing apart the work of 26 centu- in two volumes. Says Freeman, “If it fell on your ries of literary rascals. “Forgery can be an incred- head, there’d be no saving you.” ibly destructive activity,” he says, noting that Collecting Collier led Freeman to other forg- generations of scholars accepted Annius’ work as ers, and over five decades he assembled the Bib- valid history, and The Protocols of the Elders of liotheca Fictiva. “I never thought there was any Zion was an anti-Semitic forgery that had a pro- excuse for collecting books unless you used found influence on 20th-century history. them,” he says. To that end, he wanted the books In November, Johns Hopkins’ Charles Single- and manuscripts to end up at a major research ton Center for the Study of Pre-modern Europe and library. But he was intent on keeping the collec- the newly established special collections research tion intact in one repository. Havens had known center in the Brody Learning Commons will spon- Freeman for years, and when he heard in 2010 sor an international three-day scholarly confer- that another library had expressed interest in ence on the collection and its central themes. In acquiring only some of the texts, he contacted 2014, a major exhibition of the collection will be the collector. He says, “I ended up telling Arthur, installed in the Peabody Library. And scholars will ‘If you’re willing to part with it now, I would be begin poring over its contents. Stephens contem- interested in the entire collection.’” The Sheri- plates that prospect with great satisfaction. He dan Libraries lined up funding—Havens will only says, “I could sit right here until I’m too old to describe the sum as “a substantial commitment move and never run out of things to write about.” of funds over a multiyear period”—from money Dale Keiger, A&S ’11 (MLA), is the magazine’s associate editor.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 49 50 | johns hopkins magazine The 90-Year Divide lara Thompson had been one of the top psychiatrists on the staff of Adolf Meyer, selected by him to tend to his private patients when he was away. He had been her mentor, both in the clinic and in her personal life, and a few years earlier had written a glowing recommendation for her. Now Meyer, director of the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at Johns Hopkins, was contemplating how to fire her. CAs he sorted through the events that had occurred over the summer of 1925, beginning with the suicide of one of his pri- vate patients, Meyer wrote notes to himself in his neat, metic- ulous script. Thompson had created “an inadmissible situa- tion,” he said. Against his explicit wishes, she had entered into Nearly a century ago, Freudian psychoanalysis with Joseph Thompson, a most rival approaches to “unsavory character.” (The two Thompsons were unrelated.) psychiatry fractured Joseph Thompson had lured her over to his office down the street from the clinic, and now she was taking patients from the profession. Phipps there as well. It was a clear “misuse of her position,” The grand argument showing “lack of judgment,” Meyer wrote in his notes. is far from over. To Meyer, who was concerned about the increasing influ- ence of Sigmund Freud, Clara’s defection amounted to a “divi- sion of allegiance and separation of an analytic camp.” Known as the dean of American psychiatry, Meyer had spent his career carefully developing his theory of psychobiology, which rejected the dualism of mind and body to focus on the whole person. He believed in a “commonsense” approach to psy- chiatry, rooted in close observation of a patient’s behavior, physical symptoms, and life story. Leaving behind psychobiol- ogy, Thompson had championed Freudian theory, which was much more mind-oriented and held that all symptoms of mental illness could be traced to hidden conflicts in the Lavinia Edmunds and Lauren Small unconscious. She advocated that not only patients but also Illustrations Darrel Rees

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 51 their doctors—like Meyer—would benefit from probe all aspects of the mind, delving into Greek intensive analysis. Meyer firmly rejected such an history for anything useful, as well as the prag- idea; he saw no purpose in dwelling in what he matic philosophy of the day, including that of his called “the cesspool of the unconscious.” contemporary William James and social reform- These strong positions of nearly a century ago ers Jane Addams and Julia Lathrop. Making his bred conflicts that still divide psychiatry. The divi- way through the ranks of American institutions, sions, which had serious repercussions at Phipps he arrived at the pinnacle of his career when he and affected the careers of both Thompson and was appointed the first professor of psychiatry at Meyer, live on in the current controversy over the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1908. The next year, revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of he was named psychiatrist-in-chief, and in 1913 Mental Disorders, the psychiatrist’s bible known presided over the opening of the Phipps Clinic. colloquially as the DSM. In the heat of that debate At Johns Hopkins, his theory of psychobiology are Johns Hopkins psychiatrists Paul McHugh and came into practice. “What is of importance to us Phillip Slavney, who have raised serious questions is the activity and behavior of the total organism,” about the DSM’s approach in their textbook, The he wrote. It is unlikely, he said, that “we should Perspectives of Psychiatry, and in the May 17 issue ever come to distinguish sharply between mind of the New England Journal of Medicine. Psycholo- and body in our field, because, after all, we face gist René J. Muller, A&S ’75 (PhD), goes further: He one large biological problem, the disorders and has proposed scrapping the DSM altogether and actual diseases of biological organisms.” Meticu- replacing it with a classification system based on lous record keeping marked his scientific Meyer’s ideas. approach, which he described as based on facts The fundamental questions confronted by that might include anything that made a differ- psychiatrists in the 1920s remain unresolved ence in a patient’s life, as revealed in the patient’s today. Encountering a new patient, what does a attitudes, activity, and behavior. Every aspect, doctor see? A set of symptoms requiring treat- from family history and physical ailments to jobs ment? A life story waiting to be revealed? And and recent actions, was recorded in chronologi- what scientific evidence backs up any approach? cal order on detailed, standardized life charts. “It is ‘the story’ that counts in a person,” he said. s a young man in Switzerland, Meyer’s ideas revolutionized the field from the Meyer initially trained as a neuro- development of psychiatric case histories to the pathologist. Unable to find pro- establishment of psychiatric training programs. fessional opportunities in By 1909, Meyer was one of the luminaries Europe, he immigrated to the invited to give a talk at a conference at Clark Uni- AUnited States where he landed at the Illinois East- versity in Massachusetts. There he met Freud, ern Hospital for the Insane, at a time when peo- who was presenting his ideas on psychoanalysis ple suffering from mental disorders were ware- in the United States for the first time. Initially housed and forgotten. There he examined slides open to Freud’s ideas, Meyer remarked on the of brain tissue taken from autopsies, hoping to “indisputable importance” of the new theory. discover an organic source of mental illness. However, he predicted that many in the medical Years later, doctors discovered that almost a third establishment would object to the Freudian focus of the “insane” patients inhabiting asylums actu- on sex. Furthermore, Freud required psychiatrists ally suffered from tertiary syphilis. But Meyer to dig into the unconscious mind to make inter- could find no anomalies. pretations through analysis of dreams and slips When his mother was hospitalized in Zurich of the tongue and word associations. “Not every- for severe depression, Meyer railed against the body is a born detective. Not everybody can ven- hopelessness associated with mental illness and ture upon the ground of rather delicate construc- turned his attention to an intense examination of tions and interpretations,” Meyer cautioned. living patients. He left neuropathology for the The Phipps was a grand testimony to Meyer’s budding field of psychiatry, using his medical own vision. He had spent four years planning the background and wide-ranging, eclectic reading to 88-bed clinic, which he had designed to be the lat-

52 | johns hopkins magazine est in research as well as practice, and for private as well as public patients. In the old system, patients were committed by law to asylums for what often amounted to a life sentence. At Phipps, patients could walk in voluntarily and find humane treatment. They could stroll the interior gardens, play basketball, or receive a vari- ety of hydrotherapy treatments in the elegant Queen Anne–styled building. One of the bright young medical students who flocked to work at the Phipps in the early years was Clara Thompson. Brilliant but troubled, Thompson had graduated in 1920 from the ered,” and up to 64 percent “improved,” depend- School of Medicine and begun a residency at the ing on the diagnosis. Phipps. Colleagues at the hospital described her Meanwhile, other psychiatrists were claiming as “lonely,” “embittered,” and “in considerable grand cures using the new psychoanalytic method distress,” according to Sue Shapiro, a New York pioneered by Freud. By the 1920s, many young therapist who has written about Thompson. Like students of psychiatry, including Thompson, Meyer, Thompson had grown up in a small town were swept up in a frenzy over Freud. She had first in a religious household. Her parents belonged to become exposed to psychoanalysis in 1918, when a strict Baptist sect, where dancing and sexual she worked as an intern at St. Elizabeth’s Hospi- relations before marriage were condemned as the tal in Washington, D.C., at the time a hotbed of work of the devil. For refusing to go to church and Freudian thought in the United States. To the out- other sins, Thompson later would be estranged side world, Meyer retained a professional open- from her mother for 20 years. She was eventually ness to psychoanalysis. But at best, he viewed it analyzed by the Hungarian psychoanalyst Sándor as only one of many theories that were subsumed Ferenczi; in The Clinical Diary of Sándor Ferenczi, by his overarching psychobiology.­ Meyer translator Michael Balint, an associate of “attempted to incorporate psychoanalysis within Ferenczi, identified her as “DM,” a patient who what he saw as his own broader psychobiological was grossly sexually abused by her father. (Thomp- approach—at the cost of modifying Freud’s ideas son never publicly acknowledged this.) almost beyond recognition,” notes Ruth Leys, a When Thompson was at the Phipps, it was not Johns Hopkins professor of humanities who has unusual for psychiatrists to treat one another. written extensively on Meyer. Soon she entered therapy with her chief. In Meyer, Inside the Phipps Clinic, Meyerian psychobi- known for his gentle, incisive questions, she ology ruled. Meyer mistrusted the cultlike claims found both a challenging professor and father of Freud’s disciples. Residents on Meyer’s staff confessor. Meanwhile, as she practiced his psy- soon learned that if they had an interest in Freud- chobiological approach to psychiatry, she rose in ian concepts, they had best keep it to themselves. his estimation, becoming a favorite on his staff. They were expected to use Meyer’s odd terminol- Without effective medications or brain imag- ogy, with words like ergasia, a Greek term for self ing, psychiatrists often could do little to influ- that many privately ridiculed. Meyer deplored the ence the outcome of a mental disease. Meyer was use of psychoanalytic interpretations over facts open to any approach that could be shown to be and shunned the Freudian emphasis on sex. effective. He shunned simplistic diagnoses for a His opposition to analysis intensified when, thorough understanding of the patient’s life in January 1925, psychoanalyst Joseph Thompson story. “You have to know your cases, and if you do, (known as “Snake” for his interest in herpetology) the name of the illness will be of a secondary mat- set up shop in Baltimore at 800 N. Broadway, just ter,” he wrote. According to Meyer’s records, kept a few blocks from Phipps. When Thompson on hundreds of note cards, up to 19 percent of the wrote to him asking for patients under his care patients who left the clinic were listed as “recov- “who might not be recovered”—implying that he

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 53 could cure Meyer’s failures—Meyer coolly refused to help him. Meyer also turned down his request to give a public lecture at the clinic on psycho- analysis. He was infuriated when Clara decided to enter psychoanalysis with Joseph. To Meyer, Joseph Thompson appeared to be one of those Freudian converts who preached an end to the world’s problems while blinded to the possible ill effects of psychoanalysis. Meyer had consulted his colleague A.A. Brill, the translator of Freud and Carl Jung in New York, about Thomp- son. “Brill considers [Thompson] a crazy person, insane and dangerous,” Meyer recorded in his notes. Thompson affects “a very peculiar cast which leaves no doubt of his eccentricity.” Thomp- son, who had served in the U.S. Navy’s medical corps, wore his uniform constantly as an assertion of authority, with a green scarf fastened by a gold pin in the shape of a snake. Having grown up in Japan as the son of a missionary, he had served as a spy with cartographer Andrew Seoane during the Philippine insurrection of 1909 and 1910, charting Philippine invasion routes along the Japanese coast for the U.S. military. Meyer distrusted Thompson, but the analyst did have respectable credentials. A graduate of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, he was vice president of the Washington Psychoanalytic Association. On one point, how- ever, Meyer was correct: Thompson’s zeal for James Baker, a 46-year-old Princeton University Freudian psychoanalysis, which Thompson graduate, was found dead “in a room at the insti- equated to the discoveries of Copernicus and Dar- tution,” reported a Baltimore newspaper. “His win. Publishing in the United States Naval Medical throat had been cut with a razor blade and there Bulletin, Thompson suggested that 50 percent of were five gashes in his right wrist. The wounds, all people ill in hospitals—all people, not just men- according to police, were self-inflicted.” Suicide tal patients—could be cured by psychoanalysis. was rare at the Phipps. According to Meyer’s As Meyer privately seethed about Clara’s anal- records, there were 16 between 1913 and 1940. ysis with Thompson, her classmates noted a pos- Doctors made every attempt to guard against dan- itive change in her demeanor. The two Thomp- ger. On admission, patients’ razors, mirrors, keys, sons clearly had a strong rapport. “They were seen and other potentially sharp implements were dining together, or walking arm in arm, talking confiscated. Patients were monitored and their animatedly,” according to psychiatrist Maurice behavior noted carefully by round-the-clock Green. Rumors, later denied by Clara, soon began nurses. Yet despite reports of his worsening men- to circulate that they were having an affair. tal state, Baker had managed to harm himself. The antagonism between the psychobiologi- What had happened? Albers Harken, the psychia- cal and psychoanalytical camps, represented by trist on duty at the time of the suicide, refused to Meyer on the one hand and Joseph Thompson hand over his case files. A native of Holland who and Clara Thompson on the other, festered dur- spoke little English, Harken had experienced ing the summer of 1925, beginning with the sui- problems adjusting to Meyer’s demand for exten- cide of one of Meyer’s private patients in late May. sive note taking. As the conflict over the suicide

54 | johns hopkins magazine embroiled the Phipps staff, Harken, who was unduly free of some of the traits we would like to seen more often in the company of Clara Thomp- consider obligatory,” Meyer wrote. son and Joseph Thompson at the psychoanalytic Four years later, Thompson sought reconcili- office on Broadway, grew defiant. F.I. Wert- ation with Meyer, admitting her naïveté and mis- heimer, psychiatric resident, wrote to Meyer dur- takes while still making a case for psychoanalysis. ing the summer that Harken had been “openly Meyer’s point of view is clear in a letter he sent to insubordinate” to three other members of the Thompson on December 10, 1929. “These are to staff. Meyer decided to terminate Harken’s the best of my knowledge the facts and the appointment two months early. motives of whatever I had a share in with regard As Meyer departed for his summer vacation, to a frankly distressing experience, but not one Esther Richards, associate psychiatrist, wrote to governed by ‘emotional tension,’ at least not on him about the growing tension at the Phipps. By my part,” he wrote. “I no doubt have often said July, Wertheimer and Harken were not speaking, and felt that I have had bad experience with a and on at least one occasion, nearly got into a fist- number of devotees of psychoanalysis. Why fight. The Maryland Commission for Mental should I not look for a less seductive type of for- Hygiene was investigating the suicide, Richards mulation?” In a letter dated December 15, reported. “Sorry to interrupt your holiday” with Thompson maintained that psychoanalysis had these “volcanic eruptions,” Richards wrote, but offered her a personal and professional transfor- Harken, claiming he was owed pay, now threat- mation: “As to psychoanalysis—I am convinced ened to use “legal means to defend himself.” (and I think I have given other methods a fair When Meyer returned in the fall, the battle trial) that in the hands of a well-trained person lines between himself and his former star pupil who has his own problems well understood, it can were deep and unbridgeable. Clara had been do more therapeutically than any other method. spending three or four afternoons a week at So I have tried to become well trained & well ana- Joseph Thompson’s office. Even worse, against lyzed & I think to the improvement of both myself clinic policy, she had taken patients from the & my efficiency. But I think all psychiatrists would Phipps and treated them with psychoanalysis, be more effective in a therapeutic method if they charging $100 a month, as Meyer noted in early were themselves analyzed and had their own per- fall. “Analytic séances with patients in her own sonality difficulties smoothed out.” room with burning of incense,” he fumed in his Clara’s analysis with Joseph Thompson proved notes. The final blow occurred when one of the not to offer the relief she sought. She continued to When Meyer patients Thompson had been treating outside the pursue variations of psychoanalysis, spending the returned in the clinic attempted suicide in October. According to summers of 1928 and 1929 in analysis with Sán- fall, the battle Meyer’s notes, Thompson had telephoned him to dor Ferenczi in Budapest; she moved there to lines between see if the patient could be admitted to the Phipps, work with him in 1931. Eventually labeled a “Neo- himself and his “provided she could be his physician. I declined Freudian,” she became a leader in interpersonal former star pupil and referred her to the hospital. She did not psychiatry and adapted Freud’s theories to better were deep and report to me that night—only telling others I had meet the needs of modern women. A founder and declined help without saying why and how.” executive director of the William Alanson White unbridgeable. Thompson’s career at Johns Hopkins ended Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and Psy- with a terse letter tendering her resignation on chology in New York City, she worked as a thera- October 23, 1925. She had secured a job in the pist and teacher there until she died in 1958. Department of Neurology’s outpatient clinic. Soon after Thompson resigned, Harken sailed Meyer wrote to Warfield Longcope, Johns Hop- for Curaçao and was never heard from again. kins Hospital’s president, to block the appoint- Joseph Thompson, frustrated by fractious infight- ment. “In addition to matters which would have ing in the Freud camp, ended up in San Francisco made continuation of service impossible, she has as a psychoanalyst breeding Burmese cats. After since June treated several patients of the clinic his death in 1950, Meyer faded into relative obscu- for a fee of $100 a month at the office of a clever rity as Freudian theories rose to dominance in the but unsavory psychoanalyst. . . . She is bright but 1950s and 1960s. The innovations he had

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 55 pioneered became an integrated part of the profes- Like Meyer, McHugh and Slavney believe diag- sion, but few recognized Meyer as the innovator. nosis is secondary to knowing the case history. In their textbook, The Perspectives of Psychiatry, they oing on 90 years later, the funda- call for a blend of approaches according to the mental rift in psychiatric practice needs of the patient. Reflecting Meyer’s theories, that divided Meyer and Thompson they write, “[A] cause is . . . anything that makes a has not been resolved. At least two difference in the evoking or sustaining of a disor- fundamental questions—What der.” While McHugh recognizes the DSM as causes mental illness? How best to treat mental important and entrenched as a reference work, G he proposes adding categories for causes, or “per- illness?—still await definitive answers. When the first edition of the DSM appeared in 1952, many spectives,” as a way of evaluating patients rather psychiatrists welcomed it as providing a more sci- than focusing on symptoms. These “perspec- entific basis to chart the incidence and prevalence tives” include brain diseases, personality dimen- of mental illness. But by its 1980 revision, the sions, motivated behaviors, and life encounters. scope of the DSM had expanded to a lengthy list of David Kupfer, chair of the task force charged symptoms to be used in the diagnosis of all kinds with DSM revision at the American Psychological of mental disorders. According to critics like Association, responds that the four perspectives McHugh and Slavney, the DSM sidestepped the represent “a theoretical ideal that, unfortunately, disputes over explanatory theories of psychopa- does not fit well with current constraints on psy- thology and became something akin to a natural- chiatric practice or methods of reimbursement. ist’s field guide that “offered no way of making In the best of all possible worlds, all psychiatrists sense of mental disorder.” Their recent article in would have the time to approach patients from the New England Journal of Medicine continues, this vantage point. However, today’s reality is that “[The DSM’s] emphasis on manifestations per- this can rarely happen, particularly in public sys- suades psychiatrists to replace the thorough ‘bot- tems of care. The well-trained psychiatrist work- tom-up’ method of diagnosis, which was based on ing in such a system of care will draw on these a detailed life history, painstaking examination of perspectives while using the DSM to efficiently mental status, and corroboration from third-party arrive at a reliable diagnosis that should lead to informants, with the cursory ‘top-down’ method appropriate treatment.” that relies on symptom checklists.” Yet Kupfer sounds like Meyer as he advocates Psychologist René Muller, author of the 2007 “a comprehensive patient assessment. Clinicians should always consider not just the symptoms At least two book Doing Psychiatry Wrong: A Critical and Pre- scriptive Look at a Faltering Profession, uses stron- listed in the manual’s diagnostic criteria but the fundamental presenting complaint as stated by the patient, the questions—What ger terms: “The DSM got it wrong. It’s been a disaster. You get somebody having the worst day patient’s past psychiatric history and response to causes mental of their lives and they are branded as schizo- any previous treatments, his or her developmen- illness? How best phrenic or bipolar disorder on the basis of the tal history and family background, and any family to treat mental DSM. Those are heavy-duty labels. [Doctors] psychiatric history.” illness?—still await neglect to look at the interior—why is this per- Long after Adolf Meyer pondered how to fire definitive answers. son doing this?” Following discussion with Clara Thompson, psychiatry still has not solved McHugh on the DSM’s failures, Muller is now the mind-body conundrum or come to an agree- working to create what they consider a better ment on how best to treat patients. In a recent method for diagnosing and classifying mental grand rounds session at the School of Medicine, disorders that makes more systematic Meyer’s McHugh posed the question: “What is madness?” ideas of psychobiology. “The reason he’s not He quoted sources ranging from the characters in known is that he never did set up a system,” Hamlet to the current issue of the New York Review Muller says. “Meyer didn’t think diagnosis was of Books before concluding, “We are still asking as important as plugging into the reasons why that question.” people did what they did and trying to help them Lavinia Edmunds is a teacher and writer based in Baltimore. Lauren Small, A&S ’80 (MA), ’81 (MA), ’86 (PhD), is at work on a novel about readjust to their life circumstances.” Adolf Meyer.

56 | johns hopkins magazine MEDIA. MULTIMEDIA.

SAME STORY. DIFFERENT SOUND. The Johns Hopkins Magazine iPad app is here. And it’s free. So now, not only can you read our cover story about Dontae Winslow’s quest for a vintage sound, you can hear him play. Download it now at hub.jhu.edu/magazine.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 57 TEXT |

The Obamians Pushback James Mann Selena Rezvani

came of political age in a post-Vietnam world, Mann argues, and they don’t hew to the assumption that Republi- cans are military hawks and Democrats are anti-war doves. When Obama took office, the Obamians understood that the United States didn’t have the eco­ nomic resources and global clout that it once did, but that doesn’t mean the country is in decline. In the global eco­ nomy, power and resources have to be multilaterally shared. This “rebalancing”—the Obamians’ word—shifts U.S. focus toward Asia and away from the Middle East, toward do­­ mestic nation building and away from “bringing” democracy elsewhere, toward diplomacy and away from mili- tary occupations. Mann tracks this Politics rebalancing by showing how Obama Business responds to key moments, such as the Rebalancing Power Osama bin Laden raid, and he identi- Woman Up James Mann’s The Obamians: The Strug­ fies Obama’s handling of Libya as a Anne-Marie Slaughter included a call gle Inside the White House to Redefine foreign-policy precedent: using U.S. to redefine the “successful” career arc American Power (Viking, 2012) offers military force in the service of humani- in her “Why Women Still Can’t Have It a surprisingly entertaining behind- tarian efforts in the absence of “com- All” essay in the July/August issue of the-scenes look at who shapes Presi- pelling national interest” and then the Atlantic. Consider Pushback: How dent Barack Obama’s foreign policies. stepping back and allowing allies to Smart Women Ask—and Stand Up—for Mann, a daily-paper veteran with a take over. What They Want (Jossey-Bass, 2012) an reporter’s eye for the background story The Obamians’ philosophy starts informative guide on how to navigate and an ear for the telling quote, is now to feel like a variation on Teddy Roos- that process. Washington Post colum- author-in-residence at the Nitze School evelt’s big stick—speak dove-y and nist Selena Rezvani, Bus ’09 (MBA), of Advanced International Studies. Here carry some unmanned aerial vehicles interviews scores of top female pro­ his streamlined storytelling chronicles and tactical special operations units. fessionals, including Facebook chief the lesser-known foreign policy think­ Paying attention to these background­ operating officer Sheryl Sandberg and ers with whom Obama surrounded players is a bit like learning about a Self editor-in-chief Lucy Danziger, himself after the 2008 election. film director by exploring the character for practical career-building advice. These are the advisers—including actors with whom the auteur always She offers anecdotes and social psy- deputy national security adviser Denis works. It’s an ingenious approach but chology research to show the career- McDonough, deputy national security it doesn’t always produce an ideologi- long benefits of pushing back against adviser for strategic communication cal overview of the body of work— complacency, and provides tips for Ben Rhodes, and senior director for especially when a project is still in negotiating a better salary, fighting multilateral affairs Samantha Power— production. Bret McCabe for a stronger management role, and Mann dubs the “Obamians.” They adjudicating conflicts. BM

58 | johns hopkins magazine Tapping into The Wire Peter L. Beilenson and Patrick A. McGuire

Public POlicy The Wire in Real Life Inspired by the critically acclaimed HBO series The Wire, former Baltimore City commissioner of health Peter L. Beilenson, SPH ’90, created a Home- wood campus–based class that exam­ ined urban issues—drugs, crime, poverty—as matters of public health. In Tapping into The Wire: The Real Urban Crisis (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012), co-authored with former Baltimore Sun reporter Patrick A. McGuire, Beilenson shares experiences from his 13 years as a city health com- missioner, from the success of getting Baltimore’s needle-exchange program off the ground to an honest look at efforts that weren’t as successful— and why. Each chapter opens with a familiar character or scene from The Wire, lending depth, humanity, and context to the broader public policy discussion. Kristen Intlekofer

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 59 WHO IS |

...Ed Connor

Favorite writer/producer/director: the brain processes visual information, Joss Whedon in the same way you would need to track bits in a computer to understand Favorite Joss Whedon productions: how it performs multiplication. Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Firefly, Dollhouse (TV series); Serenity (2005 How did you end up doing mind/brain Hollis Interviews space Western film); Dr. Horrible’s research? PHOTOGRAPH by Ed Connor Sing-Along Blog (2008 Emmy-winning My academic path was somewhat Professor Internet tragicomedy miniseries) tortuous. In college (Loyola, in Mary- land) I was a biology major, but I of neuroscience, Director Will K irk/ H ome w So, you study how people see what was most inspired by courses in of the Mind/Brain Institute they see? philosophy of mind, especially Aldo Yes, though I’d say my primary ques- Tassi’s courses on Edmund Husserl tion is how do we understand what we

and phenomenology. I wanted to study oodphoto.jhu.edu illus trat i o n by see—how do we “do” vision, how do the mind at the biological level but we extract physical structure, beauty, didn’t get the right guidance at the value, and other meanings from visual time. As a result I floundered through images? Our previous work has focused several graduate experiences, begin- on the neural code for complex object ning with a PhD program in pharma- structure; our new projects address cology at Vanderbilt . . . how that structural information is transformed into object meanings. That wasn’t the right field for you . . . It was a great program, but I fell asleep In 2010, you had an unusual collabo­ in every single seminar—a clear sign ration with the Walters Art Museum I was in the wrong field. I left with a called Beauty and the Brain. master’s degree and went to law A nje J Right. We wanted to study what school. I didn’t enjoy much of that ager measurable characteristics make an besides constitutional law. I pretty object more pleasing, and how those much spent my 20s agonizing about characteristics are processed by what I should do with my life. neurons in the brain. In the Walters collaboration, we examined what So, from philosophy to pharmacology 3-D shape characteristics influenced to law, you ended up in neuroscience. human preference judgments about As soon as I started in the graduate abstract sculptures by Jean Arp. program here, I was immediately enthralled; I went from depressed to Hollis Robbins, A&S ’83, is chair of the In your laboratory, you look at the ecstatic, like someone flipped a switch. Humanities Department at the Peabody question from inside the brain? I studied under Ken Johnson, a great Institute; she teaches courses in That’s right, we record “action poten- computational and experimental literature, drama, film, and aesthetics. tials”—electrical spikes emitted by neuroscientist whose ideas about the She has a joint appointment in the Center for Africana Studies at Home- individual neurons—from higher central importance of pattern coding wood, where she teaches African- visual brain areas in monkeys perform- (in vision and other senses) remain the American poetry and civil rights. ing visual tasks. You need to measure specific inspiration for everything we action potentials to understand how study in my lab.

60 | johns hopkins magazine I have to ask about your Joss Whedon scholarship. In an essay called “Psychology Bad: Why Neuro­ science Is the Darkest Art in the Latest Whedonverse,” you praise him for dramatizing the relationship between mind and brain. Yes. In Firefly, Serenity, and Dollhouse, Joss’ heroines embody how all things human—our greatest vulnerabilities and our most miraculous faculties— are functions of the brain, and how much hidden power the brain has to reassert its humanity after injury and madness. It is the insane complexity of the brain (trillions of connections between neurons) that makes human existence so rich, profound, and unpredictable. Joss gets that.

As a vision scientist who saw Whedon’s Avengers, what do you think of 3-D? I like 3-D in movies when it is done well (e.g., Avatar). I think 3-D is a commer- cial failure because it is often done poorly, and there are so many other equally powerful depth cues besides stereovision. I remember one ani- mated feature where the cars looked the size of matchbox models, presum- ably because stereo cues fixed their depth near the screen, forcing the perceived size of a huge cityscape into the frame of the movie theater. I think 3-D is barely noticeable most of the time, but, being a vision freak, I can’t bear the idea of watching a movie in 2-D if it is available anywhere in 3-D.

Ed Connor, Med ’90 (PhD), ’92 (PGF), is a professor of neuroscience in the School of Medicine. Since 2007, he has served as director of the Zanvyl Krieger Mind/ Brain Institute, which has strong connections to the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Medicine.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 61 CAMPUS

Study Hall Studious undergraduates, and what other kind are there at Johns Hopkins,

found 500 new places to read, write, w PHOTOGRAPH by Will K irk/home and peck at a laptop when they returned to campus this month. In mid-August, the Brody Learning Commons opened for business— quiet academic business—on the Homewood campus. The $30 million addition to the Milton S. Eisenhower oodphoto.jhu.edu Library adds four floors and 42,000 square feet of badly needed space for solitary or group study, with a good measure of high technology, an extraordinary amount of natural light, and a café to dispense the caffeine that fuels Hopkins kids. The new facility, named after former Johns Hopkins President William Brody and his wife, Wendy, meets a demand for study space that up to now has far outstripped supply. Despite Internet access that brought a universe of research material to any informal tour last month, work crews It gathers in display cabinets and dorm room on campus, the MSEL were installing the last cosmetic drawers more than 500 objects from and Gilman Hall’s Albert D. Hutzler touches, and librarians were in a every corner of Johns Hopkins, includ- Reading Room were routinely packed seminar room learning about the ing old microscopes, manual typewrit- with students, especially later in the new facility. Store tags still dangled ers, lab equipment, medical models, semester as exams approached. When from chairs, and taped-up signs skulls, even antique wooden lacrosse the Charles Commons residence hall stood in for the formal signage that sticks. Besides increasing study space opened in 2006, campus librarians will designate the various rooms by a third, the library addition will noticed even more demand as students and spaces. house the Department of Special streamed across the street and up the It would be accurate to describe the Collections and a new conservation Beach to study in the library. They new building as a clean, well-lighted laboratory for the Department of also noticed a change in study habits. place. It also would be accurate to Conservation and Preservation. There “Social activity is part of the library describe it as flat-out gorgeous on a are numerous interesting details. In now in ways it wasn’t 15 years ago,” bright morning. Sunlight pours through study rooms, the walls have been says Brian J. Shields, communications expansive windows and skylights. In painted with special paint that will and marketing manager for the the open common spaces, chairs and allow students to write on them as Sheridan Libraries. Students needed small tables can be moved around to whiteboards. Student lockers are space for collaborative group study, suit students’ needs. There are 15 group equipped with outlets for charging and there simply wasn’t any in the study rooms, several classrooms wired cellphones. Marble used in construction existing library. to the max for digital technology, and a of the new building was salvaged from The official groundbreaking for large quiet reading room that houses an the earlier renovation of Shriver Hall. the Brody Learning Commons, just installation by artist and curator Mark It’s enough to make you want to south of the MSEL building, took place Dion that he has called “an archaeology be an undergraduate again. Almost. in June 2010. When Shields gave an of the material culture of knowledge.” Dale Keiger

62 | johns hopkins magazine Funding Locally students who are frequently absent the community,” says Amy Gawad often eventually drop out. of the Johns Hopkins Urban Health Not surprisingly, kids who are chroni- Stephan Plank, an associate Institute, which co-presented the cally absent from school do worse on professor in the Krieger School of Arts awards. Last year, Gawad explains, the standardized assessment tests than and Sciences’ Department of Sociology Community-University Coordinating their peers. When the 2012 Maryland and co-director of BERC, co-authored Council, which is made up of Johns School Assessment scores were those papers. In July, his research was Hopkins faculty and community released this summer, Baltimore City honored with one of the inaugural members and is one of the UHI’s two schools CEO Andrés Alonso identified President’s Research Recognition advisory boards, suggested honoring missing 20 or more days per school Awards for researchers examining Johns Hopkins researchers for their year as a key factor in poor perfor- Baltimore’s urban issues. The two Baltimore-based endeavors. mance. As a board member of the debut awards—each of which came The President’s Research Recog­ Baltimore Education Research Con­ with a $5,000 grant—went to Plank nition Awards acknowledge research- sortium (BERC), a part­ner­ship that and to the team of Deidra Crews, ers who have been on the university’s includes Johns Hopkins University, HS ’06, Med ’07 (PGF), and L. Ebony faculty for 10 or fewer years and whose Alonso knows that chronic absentee- Boulware, SPH ’00, assistant professors research focuses on local urban issues. ism affects more than just test scores. of medicine who research ways to “There are faculty here whose heart is BERC has published studies that lower the incidence of kidney disease in community-based work,” Gawad explore the relationship between atten- in impoverished African-Americans. says. “But it takes time, and there’s a dance and retention. Students don’t “There are so many faculty at lot of trust building that needs to take learn when they’re not at school, and Hopkins who do amazing things in place.” Bret McCabe

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T Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 63

CAMPUS |

New Dean for Carey Room Service Bernard T. Ferrari Alumni Memorial Residence Lef t : P hotograph C o u rt esy Carey Business Sc hool Ri ght : PHOTOGRAP h by W ILL KIRK w /home oodphoto.jhu.edu

New Dean for Carey Room Service In July, Bernard T. Ferrari became dean medical degrees from the University San Diego native Ian Han recalls of the Carey Business School. Ferrari of Rochester, a JD from Loyola Univer- arriving at Homewood two years ago has been a surgeon, a CEO of a medical sity School of Law, and an MBA from and having to run all over with his center, a director of a global manage- Tulane University’s A.B. Freeman parents searching for items he couldn’t ment consulting firm, and the chair- School of Business. bring on the plane. “I love my parents, man of his own business consultancy In an announcement to the uni­ver­ don’t get me wrong,” Han says, “but firm. That combination positions sity community, President Ron Daniels spending two days with them trying to him well to take the helm of the Carey described Ferrari as “a proven leader, scramble to get all this stuff—every- Business School, which recently visionary strategist, and expert com- thing from laundry detergent to an­nounced that it was strengthening municator, who values deeply the printers and pillows—was crazy.” the focus of its degree programs on importance of building partnerships.” So Han and Chris Alvarez, both the study of business issues related Fresh on the job in early July, Ferrari Class of 2014, created The Complete to health care and the life sciences. said in an interview published in Dorm Room, a Web-based business Ferrari, 64, was a director at McKin- Bloomberg Businessweek, “We have offering one-stop shopping for the sey & Company, where he was a partner some chronically weak sectors in the necessities of dorm living. They got and health care consultant for nearly U.S. that we haven’t put enough talent startup funds from Hopkins Student two decades. He retired from that posi- into, including health care, govern- Enterprises (HSE), a program created tion in 2008 and founded Ferrari Con- ment, and education. Those sectors by the Center for Leadership Education sultancy LLC, helping clients in finan- are begging for more talent infusion. to support undergraduate entrepre- cial services, transportation, energy, It just so happens that this university neurs. (HSE maintains a venture cap­ medical products, and other areas has some extraordinary strength in ital fund that provides seed money.) create business strategies. Prior to those sectors, and I think by the busi- They asked dorm residents what they his stint at McKinsey, he was chief ness school collaborating with other wished they had when they moved in, operating officer and assistant medical parts of the university, we can create then contacted suppliers and set up a director of the Ochsner Clinic in New some very impactful educational expe- website. Then they partnered with the Orleans and had been vice chairman of riences for future leaders in these Admissions and Registrar’s offices to the Department of Colon and Rectal areas. I am pretty excited about that.” connect with incoming freshmen. Surgery there. He holds bachelor’s and Catherine Pierre Finally, during Move-In days, student

64 | johns hopkins magazine Provost Departs Lax’s New Hub Lloyd Minor The Cordish Lacrosse Center l ef t : PHOTOGRAPH by K eith Weller

Provost Departs Lax’s New Hub employees delivered purchases as Lloyd Minor, provost of Johns Hopkins Johns Hopkins lacrosse begins freshmen checked into their rooms. University for the past three years, fall practice this September, but This first year, The Complete departed at the end of August to the men’s and women’s programs Dorm Room has already made back become dean of Stanford University will not be returning to their accus- HSE’s initial investment and turned School of Medicine. He assumes his tomed quarters in the Ralph S. a profit, and Han says they plan to new role on December 1. O’Connor Recreation Center. The expand the business. “We want to be Minor came to Johns Hopkins Cordish Lacrosse Center, a 15,000- more of a delivery service throughout from Vanderbilt University Medical square-foot facility at the east end the [academic] year,” Han says. “So Center in 1993. He joined the School of Homewood Field, has been for Valentine’s Day you can order a of Medicine’s otolaryngology depart- completed. It houses locker rooms, rose for someone special. Your parents ment as an assistant professor and offices, training rooms, study space, can order you a cake on your birthday.” soon had joint appointments in a 50-seat theater, and a reception This is Han and Alvarez’s second Neuroscience and Biomedical Engi- area, as well as numerous reminders business launched through HSE. neering. Within 10 years, he became on the walls of Johns Hopkins’ rich As freshmen they started The Blue director of the Department of Otolaryn- lacrosse heritage. Jay Cleaners, employing students gology–Head and Neck Surgery, where The center is named after to clean on- and off-campus apart- he increased departmental research David Cordish, A&S ’60, ’69 (MLA), ment complexes, an idea that Han funding by 50 percent. He was named who played with three varsity came up with while visiting Alvarez’s provost in September 2009. lacrosse squads, including the dorm. “I went into his bathroom and it In a letter to faculty and staff, 1959 national champions. Cordish was really disgusting and I said, ‘Hey, President Ron Daniels lauded Minor was principal donor for the project, man, I’ll clean your bathroom—give as “a dedicated advocate for the roles which was funded entirely by me $10,’” Han recalls. “And he’s, that interdisciplinary scholarship private contributions. DK like, ‘Sure.’ Ten bucks, I cleaned and teaching play in advancing our his bathroom, and I thought, There’s mission” and “a tireless supporter something here.” BM of the role of undergraduate and graduate­ education.” DK

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 65 CAMPUS |

Abbreviated throat; geriatrics; neurology and neuro- School of Education surgery; psychiatry; and rheumatology. Catherine Pierre Professor Robert Balfanz appeared In June, students in the schools of on the July 17 episode of PBS’ Frontline Medicine and Nursing launched The as part of its Dropout Nation series. Patient Promise, a public commitment Krieger School of Arts The program reported on Balfanz’s to set a model of healthy living, includ­ and Sciences research showing that potential high ing exercising regularly, eating a bal- The English Department’s Eric school dropouts can often be identi- anced diet, and managing stress. Sundquist, A&S ’78 (PhD), the Andrew fied by their middle school perfor- W. Mellon Professor of the Humanities, mance—at which point dedicated has won the Modern Language Associa- schools can intervene to prevent that School of Nursing tion’s 2012 Jay B. Hubbell Award. His fate. This summer, leaders from more Students and alumni traipsed the work focuses on African-American than 30 charter schools nationwide globe this summer during the school’s literature, Jewish-American literature, convened at the School of Education Where in the World Is the Nursing and literature of the Holocaust. to reflect on the 20-year history of Pin? initiative, in which participants charter schools. photographed themselves and their nursing pins everywhere from the Whiting School of Engineering Ljubljanica River in Slovenia to the A team of biomedical engineering School of Medicine and base of Utah’s Mount Timpanogos. undergraduates has, to date, won Johns Hopkins Hospital $55,000 in prize money to commercial- U.S. News & World Report’s “Best Hos­ ize QuickStitch, a mechanical suturing pitals” list was released in July, ranking Peabody Institute device the team invented to improve Johns Hopkins Hospital No. 2 in the This fall, acclaimed mezzo-soprano surgeons’ ability to properly close after nation overall and No. 1 in the nation Denyce Graves joins Peabody’s voice abdominal surgery. Sridevi V. Sarma, in five specialties: ear, nose, and faculty. Faculty artist and jazz bassist an assistant professor of biomedical engineering, has received a Presiden- tial Early Career Award for Scientists ™ Hidden Critters and Engineers for her work focusing GOLOMB’S GAMBITS Solomon Golomb, A&S ’51 on treating Parkinson’s disease using deep brain stimulation. In each example, the word defined can be 12. unscrambled: DE_ _ _ED completed by inserting the name of a mem- 13. skillfully: D_ _ _LY Carey Business School ber of the animal kingdom. For instance, with 14. the sky: W_ _ _ IN Adjunct Professor Yuval Bar-Or the definition “criticized,” BE_ _ _ ED is com- published Crazy Little Risk Called Love pleted by inserting RAT to form BERATED. 15. a charm: A_ _ _ _T (The Light Brigade Corp.) in July. In 1. job: VO_ _ _ION 16. suffocate: S_ _ _ _ER the book, he applies risk-management 2. tap: S_ _ _OT 17. board game: S_ _ _ _BLE principles to intimate relationships. 3. frown: S_ _ _L 18. on a ship: A_ _ _ _D The school’s Leaders + Legends series 19. shout: EX_ _ _ _ATION kicks off on September 12 with a talk 4. a play: D_ _ _A by Maryland Gov. Martin O’Malley, who 5. slid: S_ _ _DED 20. authorization: SI_ _ _ _URE will be discussing the challenges of 6. hatch: IN_ _ _ATE 21. very showy: F_ _ _ _OYANT guiding the state through economic 7. from there: T_ _ _CE 22. held in common: S_ _ _ _D crisis and his vision for growing the 8. bellicose: COM_ _ _IVE 23. removing clothes: DIS_ _ _ _ _G state’s knowledge-based economy. 9. extended: REN_ _ _D 24. capable of widening: EX_ _ _ _ _BLE 10. traditional: CL_ _ _IC Note: Word 14 is uncommon. 11. Asian big shot: S_ _ _UN Solutions on page 79

66 | johns hopkins magazine Kaleidoscope Lifelong Learning at Michael Formanek releases Small Places, a new CD recorded with his Roland Park Country School quartet, in September. In July, Kevin Spacey and Robin Wright made appear­ Fall programs for everyone ances in Mount Vernon when parts of the Peabody Institute stood in for a who enjoys learning! Georgetown hotel during the filming of the Netflix series House of Cards. Language Adventures Children/Family Matters Cultural Arts Multi-Day Trips Bloomberg School of Public Health Fitness Classes Book Talks Jonathan Weiner, professor of health Culinary Arts Technology policy and management, will direct the Military History Creative Pursuits new Johns Hopkins Center for Popula- o tion Health Information Technology, which will bring together faculty from Expand your horizons! around the university to help public ã health agencies and private health care For information, please call 410-323-5500, ext. 3091 or organizations improve and expand visit us on-line at www.rpcs.org their use of e-health tools. ROLAND PARK COUNTRY SCHOOL • 5204 ROLAND AVENUE • BALTIMORE, MD 21210

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Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 67 ALUMNI | Giving

Art and Soul

Written by | Mat Edelson

At the dedication of the new Johns poseful. At the Children’s Center, that Hopkins Charlotte R. Bloomberg meant creating a welcoming first Children’s Center, philanthropist and impression for families and young- New York City Mayor Michael Bloom- sters, from the moment they glimpse Welcome berg, Engr ’64, made this observation: the 1.6 million-square-foot building From the streets of East “I don’t often give speeches in front of until they make their way to a private Baltimore to the souks of a pair of colorful rhinos,” he joked of room. The gently curved outer glass Marrakesh, Johns Hopkins the 20-foot-high sculptures hovering facade, awash in soothing colors alumni are taking their over his left shoulder, “but that’s my in­spired by Monet’s water lily paint- PHOTOGRAPH by J ohn Dean expertise around the world. point. It’s these signature defining ings; the elevated walkways from the In this issue, colleagues touches . . . [that] have all contributed garages illuminated in gently changing Emma Tsui and her former to a unique and uplifting environment light patterns caused by etched glass professor, Lori Leonard, of support and healing.” walls; the numerous hanging animal discuss Emma’s research on Creating a nurturing environment sculptures inside the expansive, atrium­ through the use of art, architecture, like main floors—each design aims to job-training programs in and design is central to Bloomberg’s create a soothing environment for the East Baltimore (p. 70). ongoing philanthropic capital construc- hospital’s young patients. Mellasenah Morris talks tion commitments, including the Beyond creating an environment about her longtime friend Children’s Center, which was named that encouraged immediate healing, and fellow Peabody alum in honor of his late mother and sup­ Bloomberg wanted to use art to pro­ Janet Jordan, whose ported through Bloomberg’s $120 mil­ mote long-term health in engaging, singing career has taken lion gift. kid-friendly ways. “There’s a lot of her across America, “We think about the importance of data—and the mayor is very data Europe, and Asia (p. 72). art being part of the gift so it’s not just driven—proving the correlations be­ And after traveling to stone and mortar, but the creation of a tween reading, literacy, and being a dozens of countries in her cultural soul that’s part of the build- healthier adult,” says Rosen. “So, cel- role as a human rights and ing,” says Nancy Rosen, who has ebrating reading and being read to democracy specialist, SAIS worked as a curator and creative fitted into the whole idea of, How do alum Maryam Montague consultant on numerous Bloomberg we do something that’s more than just settled in Marrakesh, where projects. The results of their collabora- decoratively pleasing but that also has she runs a boutique hotel tions can be seen around New York some meat on it and offers deeper layers to explore?” To that end, Rosen and writes about Moroccan City (Rosen formerly served as Bloom- berg’s representative on the city’s engaged dozens of artists to base works style and design (p. 76). Public Design Commission and helped on classic children’s books, including Read on, for these stories choose the World Trade Center Hans Christian Andersen’s Little Mer- and more. memorial design) and on Johns maid, Beatrix Potter’s Peter Rabbit, and Hopkins’ Homewood campus in the Dr. Seuss’ 500 Hats of Bartholomew Gilman Hall renovation. Cubbins. What emerged was a pot- Bloomberg wanted the art within pourri of kaleidoscopic linocuts, silk- the Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children’s screens, acrylics, and dozens of other Center and the adjoining Sheikh Zayed works that are homages to the wonders Tower to be both beautiful and pur- of children’s literature. These works

68 | johns hopkins magazine pop out at different places all over the hospital, such as the recessed glass enclosures that are a bit like literary fish tanks, sunk into the walls near the elevators on each floor. There, at kids’ eye level, are the come-to-life stuffed puppets of artist Jennifer Strunge, including smiling sunflowers whose petals cradle a beautifully illus- trated book. In all, the talents of some 70 artists grace the new Children’s Center, and their work is already sparking conver- sations about how art can be used in other therapeutic forms. Johns Hopkins Child Life Director Patrice Brylske, who worked with Rosen on how chil­ dren could best interact with the art, says she’s now received grants to bring dancers, poets, and actors to her young patients, creating new and stimulating ways for children to play and grow while they’re in the hospital. With justifiable pride, Mayor Bloomberg in his dedication speech noted that, “inside and out, the new Johns Hopkins Hospital building is a place that’s intended to comfort and inspire through the innovative use of art and design.” The mayor also articu- lated his hope that the facility serve as a blueprint for other hos­pi­tals inter- ested in adopting a similar­ approach.

Playful sculptures and lively art installations pop up all over the new Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children’s Center. Here, artist Robert Israel’s School of Puffer Fish swims above the lobby’s main entry stairs.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 69 ALUMNI | Colleagues

How to get real in public health

Interview by | Virginia hUghes, A&S ’06 (MA)

Lori Leonard, an associate professor at their search for employment. They the Bloomberg School of Public Health, might have physical health problems takes an ethnographic approach to that were preventing them from finding research: observing the lives of a few a job. And the job search itself was

individuals over long periods of time affecting their mental health—what PHOTOGRAPH by W I LL KI R K rather than comparing thousands of was weighing on them most was the people in search of statistical correla- ability to find a job and play a certain tions. Under Leonard’s guidance, role in society. I wanted to look at a few Emma Tsui, SPH ’03, ’10 (PhD), used job-training programs that had been such qualitative methods when com­ put in place in conjunction with a pleting her dissertation. For that work, neighborhood revitalization project in w /home published in April in the journal Sociol- East Baltimore and try to understand ogy of Health and Illness, Tsui zoomed how participants navigate health and oo d photo.jhu.e d u in on the lives of two East Baltimore social issues while seeking work. residents and observed how chronic illness affected their success in a job- L It was a fascinating project, partly training program. because it was 2008, and that was a As a newly minted assistant pro­fes­ really bad year to get a job. sor at Lehman College at the City University of New York, Tsui is still E Yeah, the economic situation was interested in the intersection of work a big factor in the success of the job- and health; she’s now studying the training programs, but it also became people, mostly female immigrants, clear that the way the programs oper­ who cook institutional food. Leonard, ated was making it harder in some Lori Leonard is an associate professor of health, meanwhile, is finishing up a book ways for people to get jobs. For exam- behavior, and society at the Bloomberg School of about her 12 years studying the ple, they didn’t take into account that Public Health, with joint appointments in the families living near an oil pipeline most people used prepaid cellphones departments of Anthropology and Sociology. She also directs the Center for Qualitative Studies in in Chad. In late June, via a Baltimore- and were changing their numbers a lot Health and Medicine. to-Bronx Skype connection, the two as well as sometimes having to change discussed how their ethnographic where they lived. So, if a job wasn’t perspective—though in the margins available when they completed the of the public health field—could program, program staff might have influence policymakers. trouble contacting them if job oppor­ tunities arose later. Lori If I’m remembering it right, the idea for your dissertation started with L You did a really good job of telling your volunteer job teaching a GED the individuals’ stories in ways that class to ex-prisoners? gave the job programs ideas and material they could use to think about Emma Yes. The search for employment improving their day-to-day operations. was so much at the center of how they But you also asked provocative ques- wanted to configure their lives, and tions that opened up ways to think their health seemed very connected to about health policy.

70 | johns hopkins magazine How to get real in public health

Interview by | Virginia hUghes, A&S ’06 (MA)

E I wanted to provoke thinking about assumptions and the concepts that are whether this approach to job training used to study those things in our field. can work for people with chronic health conditions and limited material E Exactly. One of the concepts I

PHOTOGRAPH by Vi r resources. In one paper, I ended up wanted to explore was employability. focusing on two women, one with epi­ We assume that employability is just lepsy and one with narcolepsy, who about job-related skills, but it turns enrolled in a job-training program. out that it’s about health, too. In public

ginia H ughes The program wanted participants to health, then, we can begin to see a link overcome these issues, so both women between our field and all of the current needed to show that they were working policy and program efforts to help as hard to manage their health condi- people find employment. I think eth- tions as they were to find employment. nographic methods are uniquely This was complicated because these suited for illuminating how concepts women had already developed strate- like employability work in people’s gies for managing their health after lives. There is some recognition in the living with these illnesses for many field of the importance of qualitative years. However, in an effort to prove methods and ethnography, but I think their commitment to the program, they doing intensive qualitative data col­ tried new strategies. A narcolepsy drug lection and analysis, and conceptual- that one woman tried, for example, izing a project in an ethnographic way, gave her so much extra energy that she is still on the margins. was worried that other people, espe- cially employers, would think she was L I agree, it’s very much on the margins high. For the woman with epilepsy, the in public health. But it provides public Emma Tsui is an assistant professor of health job-training program encouraged her health with important linkages to other sciences at Lehman College at the City University of New York. She teaches in Lehman’s Master of to avoid any emotional stress coming disciplines. For example, many of the Public Health Program and in the CUNY Graduate from her family, as this could be a people interested in your work are Center’s doctoral-level public health program. source of her seizures. But this advice sociologists who study labor. So you ignored the very real fact that she are able to have conversations with was the primary caregiver for a large them that go beyond public health extended family. but also contribute to it.

L Your dissertation is a great example E This has been one of the most of what ethnography, which is an­ nourishing aspects of doing this kind chored in the study of everyday life, of work. I think these conversations can contribute to public health. We’re have the potential to really enrich and interested not just in describing social complicate—in productive ways—how life, or the ways people make sense of we study public health problems and their bodies, or an illness, or a particu- policies. Hopefully, the approach we lar phenomenon like unemployment take to research will lead to findings or addiction or being out of work. that change how policymakers and We’re interested in challenging the others see these problems.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 71 ALUMNI | Friends for Life

SaFE HAVEN

Written by | Kelly Brooks

“We met the very first day of orienta- but they became roommates during friendship endured. After Peabody, tion,” says Mellasenah Morris, Peab ’68, their second semester, says Jordan, and Jordan’s career “took a zigzag road,” ’71 (MM), ’80 (DMA). “It wasn’t too hard “that’s when we really bonded.” Their she says, first to the Manhattan School to connect—there weren’t too many Park Avenue boarding house held 30 of Music for a master’s degree, then a black students at Peabody at that time.” music and art students (all women), a short stint working as an assistant The year was 1964. Morris and her grand piano in the parlor (where Jordan librarian in the Music Division of the soon-to-be roommate, Janet Jordan, would sing and Morris would accom- New York Public Library. Soon enough, Peab ’68, were among the first African- pany her), and a creepy basement Jordan got her first break and joined American students to attend the school. (where Morris refused to do her laundry the European tour of Porgy and Bess. Now, 48 years later, Morris is dean of without the company of a friend). “It was always fun to get postcards Peabody Conservatory of Music and “I turned 16 years old when I from Janet from Japan or Scandinavia. deputy director of the Peabody Insti- arrived at Peabody,” recalls Jordan, Janet was always having a fabulous tute. Jordan has enjoyed an interna- who now lives in New York. “We tour somewhere,” recalls Morris. tional performing career, and the two were young, and we were in a new Jordan’s singing career took her across are still close friends. city. We went through this adventure America, Europe, and Asia, to Broad- As students, Morris studied piano together, and Mellasenah was a safe way and Carnegie Hall and beyond. performance while Jordan pursued a haven for me.” “It was so wonderful to see her with degree in music education. The two Throughout college, weddings, Yul Brynner in The King and I. We had didn’t attend many classes together, pregnancies, and career moves, the tickets to the National Theatre and saw that performance in D.C.,” says Morris. “That was fabulous!” Meanwhile, Morris’ career took an academic track—from her position as assistant dean for academic affairs at Peabody to professorships and dean­ P hotograph by ships at Alabama State University, James Madison University, Ohio State University, and back to Peabody again

—continuing her performing career all Wi ll K i r k/ H ome w the while. “Even with all of her academic achievement and all of her success, she remains the same sweet person,” says oo d photo.jhu.e d u Jordan. “Because we shared so much over the years, I see myself reflected back when I look at her. Mellasenah is one of those special people you meet in life—if you’re lucky.” Each summer, the two have a Balti­ more reunion. “We shop. We dine. We sit and talk and go through old memo- ries,” says Morris. “She’s like the sister Mellasenah Morris (left) and Janet Jordan met at Peabody in 1964 and have been close friends ever since. I didn’t have.”

72 | johns hopkins magazine | Notebook

KEY

1 Candle 79 154 East 79th Street (Lexington Avenue) 2 Bar Boulud 1900 Broadway (West 64th Street) 3 P.J. Clarke’s at Lincoln Square illus trat i o n by 44 West 63rd Street 4 Craftbar 900 Broadway (East 20th Street)

o l 5 Alta i v e r jeffe 64 West 10th Street (Sixth Avenue) 6 Rayuela

r s 165 Allen Street (Stanton Street) 7 Joe’s Pizza 7 Carmine Street

special prix fixe menu including degus- tation de charcuterie—a sampling of charcuterie—which Srinivasan says is one of the best in the city. Nearby,­ a more casual alternative, according to New York City Young Alumni Commit- tee member Arielle Goren, A&S ’05, is P.J. Clarke’s at Lincoln Square (3), a great burger joint known for its bois- terous crowds and martinis. Or, if NY State of Mind and Stomach you’d rather meet some colleagues for fondue and an herb-infused cocktail, try Craftbar (4) in the Flatiron District. Written by | Lisa Belman For a fun night out and a table full of tapas, Young Alumni Committee “Food is an important thing in New Hopkins,” says Zampino, president of members Andrew Modell, A&S ’10, and York,” says Sue Srinivasan, A&S ’95, the New York chapter. “Plus, it’s a great Julienne Markel, A&S ’08, both recom- vice president of the New York Alumni way to network.” mend Alta (5) in Greenwich Village. Chapter. “Everyone is very conscious In service to our readers, we asked The Foodies held their inaugural din- of what they are eating and how they these passionate New York foodies for ner at the Lower East Side’s Rayuela are eating.” Easy to do in a city with their recommendations. (6), known for its “freestyle Latino” 20,000 restaurants peppered through- Located on the Upper East Side, dishes—think red snapper ceviche in out the five boroughs. Candle 79 (1) is the upscale sister res­ a citrus soy ginger sauce. And finally, In March, Srinivasan and fellow taurant of the famous Candle Cafe when you just need a quick slice of the food aficionados Ana Zampino, A&S and one of Zampino’s favorite farm-to- city’s best pizza (according to Goren), ’01, and Andrea Mantsios, SPH ’06, table vegan spots. For a taste of some- head over to Joe’s Pizza (7), a Green- launched the Foodies of New York thing more European, Srinivasan sug- wich Village institution that still serves group to connect with similarly gests Bar Boulud (2), Daniel Boulud’s $2 slices. minded Johns Hopkins alumni. “I casual French bistro located across To learn more about the Foodies think people are excited just to get out from Lincoln Center. For their May of New York group, contact alumevents and have a shared experience, i.e., event, the Foodies group enjoyed a @jhu.edu.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 73 ALUMNI | Alumni Association

[1]

Alumni Weekend 2012 [1] “Let’s go, Hop!” the crowd [2] Howie Mandel, A&S ’77, and Written by | Lisa Belman chanted as Johns Hopkins his wife, Susie, marked his 35th crushed Army 13–6 at the annual reunion by celebrating in the In May, nearly 5,400 alumni and friends celebrated their mutual Homecoming lacrosse game. Decker Quad with good friends, past and toasted to their future during Alumni Weekend 2012 on This game marked the 68th beer, and oysters at Friday night’s the Homewood campus. Were you there? To view more photos, meeting for Johns Hopkins and Blue Jay Bull and Oyster Roast. visit alumni.jhu.edu/reunionshomecoming. And save the date Army in a series that dates back [3] Young alums, including for Alumni Weekend 2013, April 26–28. to 1921. Nicholas Chidiac, Engr ’09,

74 | johns hopkins magazine [2] [3] [4] PHOTOGRAPH Y by S tua r t Watson

[6]

[5] [7] [8]

Blake Edwards, A&S ’10, and [5] Life is good when the Blue Jays Hullabalooza’s glow bar late into all-class post-dinner party was a Sheyna Mikeal, A&S ’10, Ed ’11 are winning. Gene Kuchner, A&S Saturday evening. hit with alumni of all ages. (MS), shared some laughs at the ’67, and his wife, Joan, enjoyed [7] Antionette St. Clair, Bus ’00 [8] Celebrating his 50th reunion, packed Young Alumni Party on watching the Homecoming game (MS), and her husband, John, Brian “Buzz” Rizen, A&S ’62, Friday night. with their grandson. enjoyed a few minutes alone toasted the class of 1962. [4] A future Blue Jay lacrosse star [6] Susan Willis, A&S ’92, and before joining the crowd on the got some tips from a pro at the fellow classmates mingled dance floor at the Hullabalooza Junior Jays Lacrosse Clinic. and danced to the light of the on Saturday night. The inaugural

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 75 ALUMNI | Class Notes

1951 Solomon “Sol” Golomb, A&S ’51, New York, is editor-in-chief of the Towson University Presidential Fisheries Advisory Committee of a professor at the University of new journal Criminal Justice and Scholar for Innovation in Teacher the U.S. Commerce Department. Southern California, received the Law Enforcement Annual: Global and Leader Education. In April, 2012 William Procter Prize for Perspectives. she was elected to the board of Scientific Achievement from directors for the SEED Foundation. 1977 Sigma Xi, the scientific research Clifford Snyder Jr., A&S ’77, honor society. He was recognized 1972 received the Department of the for playing a key role in formulat- Michael Berke, A&S ’72, writes, 1976 Army Superior Civilian Service ing the design of deep-space “I had to miss my class’s 40th Michele Longo Eder, A&S ’76, an Award on March 12 for his communications for lunar and reunion because I was in attorney and small-business contributions to the development planetary explorations. Bloomington, Indiana, watching adviser, is a member of the Marine and fielding of an adenovirus my son receive his bachelor’s 1964 degree from Indiana University.” James S. Economou, A&S ’72, Moroccan Style Leona Glidden Running, A&S ’64 Med ’80 (MD/PhD), recently In the city of Marrakesh, says Maryam Montague, SAIS Bol ’90 (Dipl), SAIS (PhD), a 95-year-old former completed his term as the 65th ’91, “belief in magic is embedded in design.” As a human rights and foreign language teacher, received president of the Society of democracy specialist, Montague has traveled to 72 countries and lived in an honorary doctorate of humane Surgical Oncology. He is professor seven. She didn’t expect to settle down in Morocco, but Marrakesh held a letters from Andrews University in of surgery and vice chancellor for mystical allure that soon had Montague and her architect husband Berrien Springs, Michigan. research at the University of building, designing, and decorating a permanent home. Their Moroccan- California, Los Angeles. inspired house is nestled in a working olive grove just outside the city, and 1965 Ingram Roberts, A&S ’72, Med the guesthouse, Peacock Pavilions, serves as a boutique hotel. Millions of ’76, recently relocated to the readers followed the couple’s construction and design adventures in their Frank Merceret, A&S ’65, ’72 Philadelphia region, where he blog, My Marrakesh, and this year, Montague published her first book, (PhD), director of research for the practices gastroenterology. Marrakesh by Design. “I consider myself a citizen of the world,” says Weather Office at the Kennedy Montague, “and I want to help bring Moroccan magic, mystery, and style Space Center, received one of five into people’s homes.” KELLY BROOKS 2011 NASA Quality and Safety 1973 Achievement Recognition awards in February. He was honored for John R. Chiles, A&S ’73, an improving the criteria used during attorney in the Birmingham, a countdown to determine Alabama, office of Burr & Forman whether the potential for a LLP, has been recognized as a 2012 lightning strike presents a safety Alabama Super Lawyer in the hazard for launching a rocket. practice area of consumer law. Jamie MacGuire, A&S ’73, ’74 (MA), wrote a reminiscence of 1968 Elliott Coleman, founder of the Geoffrey Berlin, A&S ’68, Engr Writing Seminars in the Krieger ’73 (PhD), who works for the Fed-­ School of Arts and Sciences, eral Aviation Administration, was published in the February 2012 elected chairman and CEO of the Fortnightly Review. Atlanta chapter of the nonprofit Project Management Institute. 1974 Stephen Wetherill, A&S ’68, Med ’71, received the 2012 Raymond D. Burke, A&S ’74, has Laureate Award from the been recognized as a 2012 Delaware Chapter of the American Maryland Super Lawyer. Burke is a College of Physicians. practicing litigation and construc- tion lawyer with the Baltimore firm Ober Kaler. 1970 Nancy S. Grasmick, Ed ’74 Larry E. Sullivan, A&S ’70 (MA), (Cert), ’83 (EdD), formerly the ’75 (PhD), professor of criminal state superintendent of schools in justice at the City University of Maryland, was named in March a

76 | johns hopkins magazine vaccine, which is administered to Preventive Medicine. Salive has and has accepted a tenure-track New York, and is available for U.S. military recruits during basic been a fellow of ACPM for more teaching position in Fresno, viewing on his Flickr site. training. than two decades, holding California. Jonathan “J.B.” Harris, SAIS ’94, multiple leadership positions over reports that he and a team of that time, and is a captain in the attorneys won a $30 million verdict 1982 U.S. Public Health Service. 1991 against R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Michael A. Bruno, A&S ’82, a James A. Mirabile, Bus ’91 Company on behalf of Florida lung professor at the Penn State Milton (MAS), a transmission compli- cancer victim Emmon Smith. S. Hershey Medical Center, was 1988 ance consultant at Baltimore Gas Zach Messitte, SAIS Bol ’94 inducted as a fellow into the Boris Ruge, SAIS Bol ’88 (Dipl), and Electric Company, was (Dipl), SAIS ’96, was appointed American College of Radiology in was appointed ambassador and named the 2011 Outstanding the 13th president of Ripon April. director-general for Near and Engineer by the Baltimore chapter College in Wisconsin and assumed Middle Eastern Affairs and North of the Institute of Electrical and Mick Maurer, Engr ’82 (MSE), the presidency on July 1. He Africa by the Foreign Office of Electronics Engineers­ Power and assumed the presidency of previously served as dean of the Germany. Energy Society. Sikorsky Aircraft Corp., a company College of International Studies at that designs, manufactures, and Laurell Wiersma, A&S ’91, a high the University of Oklahoma. services helicopters and school math teacher, was one of 33 fixed-wing aircraft, on July 1. 1989 teachers named Arlington Public Joe Myers, Bus ’89 (MAS), is Schools 2012 Teacher of the Year. 1995 chair of the National Society for Gabriella Burman, A&S ’95, has Histotechnology’s Immunohisto- 1983 written nonfiction that can be chemistry Resource Group. He is Dan Weiss, A&S ’83 (MA), ’93 1992 found in the Bear River Review employed as a senior technical (PhD), currently president of Frederick L. Brancati, SPH ’92, (June 2011) and in Joy, Inter- sales specialist for Biocare Lafayette College, will become the Med ’92 (PGF), an internationally rupted: An Anthology on Medical LLC and resides in 14th president of Haverford College recognized diabetes expert, was Motherhood and Loss (Fat Daddy’s Clearwater, Florida, with his wife on July 1, 2013. Weiss previously named Distinguished Service Farm Press, forthcoming). served as dean of the Krieger and their two children. Professor of Medicine by the School of Arts and Sciences. Awadagin Pratt, Peab ’89 (PC), Johns Hopkins University board ’92 (GPD), delivered the of trustees. 1996 commencement address at Illinois John Osborn, SAIS ’92, executive Marilyn Barber, Ed ’96 (MS), 1985 Wesleyan University on April 29. A vice president and general chaired the State of Maryland Charles L. Sawyers, Med ’85, is classical pianist, he is currently an counsel at the biotechnology International Reading Association president-elect of the American associate professor of piano and company Dendreon Corporation in Council’s 40th Annual Conference, Association for Cancer Research artist-in-residence at the Seattle, recently completed a which took place in March. and chairs the Human Oncology College-Conservatory of Music at membership term on the U.S. Tom Fraites, Engr ’96, and his and Pathogenesis Program the University of Cincinnati. Advisory Commission on Public wife, Melanie, live in North at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Diplomacy. Carolina and welcomed their first Cancer Center. 1990 child, Reilly Joseph Powers Fraites, on March 18. He wrote: “I Bonnie Bassler, A&S ’90 (PhD), a 1993 recently attended the 50th 1986 molecular biologist and professor Dyan Hes, A&S ’93, an assistant anniversary celebration for the at Princeton University, received William R. Wagner, Engr ’86, professor of pediatrics at Weill Department of Biomedical the 2012 Laureate for North professor of surgery, bioengineer- Cornell Medical College, was Engineering. I also picked up a America prize, awarded by ing, and chemical engineering at recently appointed to the inau­gu-­ Johns Hopkins onesie for Reilly, L’Oréal-UNESCO to recognize the University of Pittsburgh, was ral American Board of Obesity and I’m looking forward to exceptional women scientists. named director of the McGowan Medicine board of directors. watching the Jays with their Institute for Regenerative Efrem Epstein, A&S ’90, is the newest fan!” Medicine in April. founder of Elijah’s Journey, a Tim Meyer, A&S ’96, was recog­- nonprofit focusing on suicide 1994 ­nized by Business in Vancouver as awareness and prevention in the Chris Arnade, A&S ’94, created a a “Forty under 40” award recipient 1987 Jewish community. photo-essay and collection titled for 2011, honoring young business Marcel E. Salive, SPH ’87, ’88 Kathleen McFillin Lozano, Nurs Faces of Addiction, chronicling leaders. Meyer is the head of (HS), received the 2012 Ronald ’90, completed a master’s degree stories of addicts in the South strategic planning and communi- Davis Special Recognition Award in nursing and education last fall Bronx. His work was displayed at cations at Triumf, a subatomic from the American College of Urban Folk Art Studios in Brooklyn, physics laboratory in Canada.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 77 ALUMNI | Class Notes

1997 2002 Steve Crutchfield, Engr ’97, was Khalid Itum, A&S ’02, SAIS Bol photograph by selected by Crain’s New York ’02 (Dipl), SAIS ’03, recently Business publication for its “40 moved from Washington, D.C., to under 40” class of 2012, recogniz- Los Angeles. He has joined ing young business leaders for Singularity University, an academic Wi ll K i r k/ H ome w their accomplishments. Crutch- institution in Silicon Valley. field is CEO of NYSE Amex Options. Ally Donlan Wilson, A&S ’02, and Laura (Mielcarek) DeRose, A&S Lucious Wilson were married in ’97, her husband, RJ, and their November 2011 in Asheville, North oo d photo.jhu.e d u daughters, Adelia and Kay, Carolina. She writes, “Lots of welcomed R. James DeRose IV on Johns Hopkins friends were in January 26. attendance to help celebrate.” Lisa Lynch Jones, Nurs ’97, a nurse who works in an infectious disease clinic in St. Louis Park, 2003 Minnesota, was honored as the Kurt Erler, Engr ’03, was outstanding graduate student at promoted to area sales represen- the Metropolitan State University tative for Australia and New Greener Gadgets College of Nursing and Health Zealand at Brainlab, a medical Holly Elwood, A&S ’04 (MS)—dubbed the EPA’s “green electronics lady” Sciences spring commencement technology company. He lives in by the Washington Post—is making government greener. As part of the ceremony, where she was the Sydney with his wife, Tiffany. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmentally Preferable Purchas- student speaker. ing team, she helps federal agencies buy products and services that use less energy, are made from less-toxic materials, and are easier to recycle. 2004 By leveraging its purchasing power, the federal government hopes to drive 1999 Josya-Gony Charles, A&S ’04, the electronics manufacturing and recycling industries toward more Michelle Bell, Engr ’99 (MS), ’03 graduated from Drexel University sus­tainable products and practices. As a project manager, Elwood collabo- (PhD), professor of environmental College of Medicine in 2011 and is rates with manufacturers, environmental advocates, and researchers to health at the Yale School of now completing a family medicine create standards for electronic products such as computers, monitors, and Forestry and Environmental residency program at Abington imaging equipment. “I love rolling up my sleeves and working with the Studies, was the inaugural Memorial Hospital. team to come up with new ways to lead us to greener markets,” says recipient of the Prince Albert II de Elwood. Each year, 95 percent of electronics purchased by federal agencies Monaco/Institut Pasteur Award for must meet the “green” standards set forth by Elwood and other stake­ her work concerning the 2005 holders in the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) environment and public health. Maha Jafri, A&S ’05, a doctoral registry. KELLY BROOKS Cindy Chang, A&S ’99, joined the candidate in English literature at intellectual property litigation Northwestern University, is one of group at the New York law firm this year’s 21 Charlotte W. education in May from the Uni- Fish & Richardson in May. Newcombe Doctoral Dissertation 2007 ver­sity of Maryland, College Park. fellows. The fellowship provides John S. Butler, Ed ’07 (MS), a Cherlyn Walden, A&S ’07, Holly Monteith, A&S ’99, ’10 $25,000 to support full-time 19-year veteran of the Howard graduated in May from the (MA), a copy editing professional, dissertation writing. Her County Department of Fire and Gonzaga University School of Law. reports that she will enter the dissertation, “The Town’s Talk: Rescue Services in Maryland, was As a third-year student, she doctoral program in Technical Gossip, Sociability, and the recently promoted to deputy chief. appeared as amicus counsel in Communication and Rhetoric at Victorian Novel,” examines the In March, he received the key to support of the appellee and Texas Tech University. relationship between gossip and the city of Monrovia, Liberia, in provided oral argument before the the Victorian novel. honor of his volunteer work. U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2001 Catherine Choi, A&S ’07, ’07 Armed Forces, the highest military Jon M. Davis, SAIS ’01, was 2006 (MS), is a medical intern at appeal court whose rulings can Massachusetts General Hospital only be reconsidered by the U.S. nominated for a promotion to Bettina Chiu, A&S ’06, co-chaired and began her residency in Supreme Court. She took the lieutenant general in the U.S. an event on March 26 in Boston ophthalmology at Massachusetts Washington state bar exam in July Marine Corps and is slated to that benefited and promoted the become deputy commander of Eye and Ear Infirmary in July. and is working this fall as an Asian American Diabetes Initiative admissions ambassador for her U.S. Cyber Command, pending David E. DeMatthews, Ed ’07 of the Joslin Diabetes Center. law school alma mater. confirmation by the U.S. Senate. (MAT), earned a doctorate in

78 | johns hopkins magazine | In Memoriam

in memoriam

Ellen Plass Kolodny, Nurs ’28 Thomas Walter Gough Jr., A&S Robert Gordon Long, HS ’61, ALUMNI NEWS & NOTES (Cert), March 20, Rhinebeck, ’50, April 13, Baltimore. April 6, Dallas. New York. alumni association president Robert L. Klein, A&S ’50, May 9, James Claris Wright Jr., Med Ray Snow, A&S ’70 A. Cooke Thomas, Engr ’33, May Plainfield, New Jersey. ’64 (PGF), March 22, Indianapolis. interim Executive Director 5, Allentown, Pennsylvania. John M. Martin Jr., A&S ’50 Pearl M. Risser, Ed ’66 (MEd), of Alumni Relations Susan T. deMuth William James Tennison III, SPH (MA), May 9, Augusta, Georgia. ’68, (Cert), September 22, 2011, ’36, April 2, Indian Wells, Sterling, Virginia. editors George L. Mitchell, A&S ’50, ’69 California. Lisa Belman (MLA), February 11, Towson, Mark E. Molliver, Med ’67 (PGF), Kristen Intlekofer Sheldon Fox, A&S ’38, Med ’42, Maryland. HS ’71, May 10, Baltimore. Class Notes editor March 29, Hillside, New Jersey. Justin J. Wolfson, Med ’50, HS Helen G. Rolfe, A&S ’68 (MAT), Nora George John Snodgrass, Engr ’39, April ’53, May 2, Shreveport, Louisiana. July 6, 2010, Richmond, Virginia. 19, Palm Valley, Texas. Contact us at: John Hinrichs, A&S ’51, March 7, Walter W. Schmiegel, A&S ’70 The JHU Office of Alumni Relations Donald MacArthur Peek, A&S Vero Beach, Florida. (PhD), April 11, Wilmington, San Martin Center, Second Floor ’4 0 , April 13, Baltimore. Delaware. 3400 N. Charles Street James I. Hudson Jr., Med ’52, Baltimore, MD 21218-2696 Edward O. Thomas, A&S ’40, HS ’53, ’54, April 26, Nashville, Beatrice C. Wolfe, Ed ’70, April 410-516-0363 March 20, Adamstown, Maryland. Tennessee. 29, Glenville, West Virginia. 1-800-JHU-JHU1 (5481) [email protected] Elizabeth J. Corner, Nurs ’41 Chantal M. Shafroth, A&S ’53 Christopher Dugan, A&S ’71, alumni.jhu.edu (Cert), April 12, Columbus, Ohio. (MA), April 7, Chapel Hill, North February 20, Washington, D.C. Carolina. Please send class notes to magnotes Wayne N. Jacobus, A&S ’44, Med David A. Bennett, SAIS Bol ’73 @jhu.edu. By submitting a class note, ’4 6 , January 30, Naples, Florida. William Zerr, A&S ’53, April 28, (Dipl), February 21, London. you give Johns Hopkins University Delmar, Maryland. permission to edit and publish your Ora Huchting Breeden, Nurs ’45 Charles E. Hatch III, A&S ’73 information in Johns Hopkins Magazine (Cert), April 9, Harwood, Albert J. Kuhn, A&S ’54 (PhD), (MA), ’75 (PhD), Pennington, and in online publications. Maryland. March 26, Columbus, Ohio. New Jersey. The Alumni News & Notes section of Johns Hopkins Magazine is made Mary S. Lux, Nurs ’45 (Cert), Richard Lee Morgan Sr., Engr Malcolm David Shuster, Engr ’82 possible by your Alumni Association. For March 18, Olympia, Washington. ’54, April 15, Charleston, West (MS), February 23, Rockville, more information, visit alumni.jhu.edu. Virginia Maryland. Mary Burr McMahon, Nurs ’45 (Cert), March 19, East Northport, Howard M. Lenhoff, A&S ’55 H. Paul Blaisdell, A&S ’86 New York. (PhD), July 12, 2011, Oxford, (Cert), January 2, Towson, Mississippi. Maryland. Merrill Frederick Nelson, A&S GOLOMB’S ANSWERS ’4 5 , April 20, Signal Mountain, John L. Pitts Jr., Med ’55 (PGF), Carolyn Thompson, A&S ’90 Tennessee. SPH ’59, March 13, Annapolis, (PhD), March 2, Chattanooga, Hidden Critters Maryland. Tennessee. Betty O’Malley, Nurs ’45 (Cert), Solutions (Puzzle on page 66) March 13, Belvidere, Illinois. Rosa Meyersburg Gryder, A&S Carol M. Meils, Med ’91 (PGF), 1 VOCATION 13 DEFTLY ’56 (PhD), February 28, Baltimore. April 1, Milwaukee. Lay M. Fox, Med ’47, ’50 (PGF), 2 SPIGOT 14 WELKIN HS ’49, April 23, Austin, Texas. Michael P. Boerner, SAIS ’57, John L. Bergbower, Ed ’98 (MS), 3 SCOWL 15 AMULET April 24, Bethesda, Maryland. April 1, Baltimore. 4 DRAMA 16 SMOTHER James D. Hurd, SAIS ’47, 5 SKIDDED 17 SCRABBLE February 19, Washington, D.C. James B. Brooks, HS ’57, March Zenobia Ann Casey, HS ’01, Med 6 INCUBATE 18 ABOARD 18, Baltimore. ’02 (PGF), March 31, Baltimore. John Bisbee Walker, A&S ’48, 7 THENCE 19 EXCLAMATION April 13, Annapolis, Maryland. Joseph H. Condon, A&S ’58, Philip Marcus, SPH ’02, April 9, 8 COMBATIVE 20 SIGNATURE January 2, Summit, New Jersey. Paris. Richard K. Chapman III, Engr 9 RENEWED 21 FLAMBOYANT ’4 9 , April 13, Manlius, New York. Arnold P. Simkin, A&S ’59, ’60 Sonali Seth, SPH ’05, February 10 CLASSIC 22 SHARED (MA), March 26, London. 13, Seattle. 11 SHOGUN 23 DISROBING William Henry Muller Jr., HS 12 DECODED 24 EXPANDABLE ’4 9 , April 23, Irvington, Virginia. Harry William Kluth Jr., Engr ’61, April 16, Glen Arm, Maryland.

Volume 64 No. 3 Fall 2012 | 79 ALUMNI | Afterwords

Career Moves

Written by | Jim Paterson, ED ’04 (MS)

Not long ago it occurred to me that I might make a damn good dog trainer. It would be my third career change, each one accompanied by a different bit of strategic patter to defend my decision—to others and myself. The dog-trainer idea came to me last winter while I was sick, laid up on the sofa and fairly enthralled by a Dog Whisperer marathon (it may have been the medication). As Cesar soothed one troubled dog after another, I began thinking, “I could do that.” And then thinking, “No, seriously, I could do that.” At the time, it seemed like a defensible next step after my current job as a school counselor. See, the hurdle in these situations isn’t finances, education, or whether you’ll actually like “working with your nutty. People imagined your house others, and providing us with healthy hands” or “giving back.” It’s certainly stacked with yellowing periodicals food and well-tuned bikes. not about any satisfaction you might and too many cats. But it also worries me just a bit.

get from transforming snarling pit Of course lots of people thought What if Johns Hopkins surgeons illus trat i o n by l au r ie bulls into happy lapdogs. It’s about about changing careers—they fanta- (some of whom have operated, fortu- the justification. It’s about explaining sized about working for themselves in nately, on me) decide to become furni- yourself to your current boss, to that slippers all day, spending more time ture makers? What if some key State ambitious couple you just met at a with the kids, or offering nonprofit Department­ operative, in the midst party, or, hardest of all, to your spouse. assistance to people they’ve seen in of negotiating with an informant And it’s about feeling comfortable with National Geographic magazines or about a dangerous sleeper cell, real­ osen w

yourself as you step on the elevator Shelby Lee Adams photos. But they izes she’d rather be writing porn? a ld with your last paycheck and that box didn’t want to look like idiots and What if infectious disease investiga­ of stuff from your desk. really do it. tors go off and teach seventh-grade When I’ve made career changes— But things are different these science instead? from newspaper editor to freelance days. Now it’s acceptable, trendy even, Wait, maybe there is a career illustrator and then to head of a middle to change jobs. Look at ads for insur- change in my future—advocating school counseling department—I’ve ance, dental hygiene, and constipation for the new stick-to-itiveness. There always felt obliged to gird myself with relief—all full of beaming people living might even be a book deal. I could proof points and rationalizations. See, their dreams and starting hydroponic work from home. In my slippers . . . historically, career shifts have often farms and bike shops. This is a good Jim Paterson is a writer and editor and the head suggested to others that you lacked thing, right? All these self-fulfilled of counseling at Argyle Middle School in Silver conviction or that you were a little bit people doing what they love, helping Spring, Maryland.

80 | johns hopkins magazine CeruleanIs... …a Giving Society for the Johns Hopkins Alumni Association. Moreover, it is the symbol of a singular commitment — by a community of leaders whose contributions endow the future of the Alumni Association. By joining this select membership through a tax-deductible contribution of $1,000 or more, you will not only grow the association’s endowment, you will be supporting current and new programs throughout Johns Hopkins University that powerfully connect our community and signi­cantly enrich the lives of our students and graduates.

To learn more about your place in the Cerulean Society and its exclusive bene­ts, please contact Gwen Harley in the O†ce of Alumni Relations at 800-JHU-JHU1 or [email protected], and visit alumni.jhu.edu/cerulean.

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