The Challenge to Communist Rule in Poland
The Associated Press December 28, 1982, Tuesday, PM cycle SECTION: International News LENGTH: 918 words HEADLINE: Poland's Soldier-Leader Remains National Enigma BYLINE: AP News Analysis, W. JOSEPH CAMPBELL, Associated Press Writer DATELINE: WARSAW, Poland For millions of Poles, the turbulent year of martial-law rule ended the way it began, with the clipped, measured language of their austere soldier-leader, Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski. It was in Jaruzelski's predawn, nationally televised speech Dec. 13, 1981, that Poles learned of the sweeping military crackdown that ended a 16-month popular challenge to Communist Party authority. They heard Jaruzelski say a "national catastrophe" had been averted by hours, that the nation hovered at the edge of "an abyss." A year later, Dec. 12, 1982, Jaruzelski went on television to tell the nation "the worst is behind us," and to announce martial law would be formally suspended Jan. 1. It was probably fitting that the speeches by Jaruzelski, a Soviet-trained career officer who has accumulated power unprecedented in postwar Poland, should frame the 12 months of martial-law rule. Jaruzelski's regime broke up and ultimately abolished the independent labor movement Solidarity, which claimed 10 million members when martial law was imposed. Hundreds of Solidarity leaders were swept into internment centers. The union's clandestine remnants were pursued relentlessly, until their voice in Poland was muffled, if not ignored. Underground calls for public protests were answered with intimidating displays of force; in all, 15 Poles died in clashes with security forces. Jaruzelski rebuffed _ some Poles say humiliated _ Solidarity's leader, Lech Walesa.
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