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Soviet Deliberations During the Polish Crisis, 1980-1981

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Soviet Deliberations During the Polish Crisis, 1980-1981 SOVIET DELIBERATIONS DURING THE POLISH CRISIS, 1980-1981 Edited, Translated, Annotated, and Introduced by Mark Kramer Special Working Paper No. 1 Cold War International History Project Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Washington, D.C April 1999 THE COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES CHRISTIAN F. OSTERMANN, Series Editor This paper is the first of a special series of Working Papers published by the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Established in 1991 by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) disseminates new information and perspectives on the history of the Cold War as it emerges from previously inaccessible sources on “the other side” of the post-World War II superpower rivalry. The project supports the full and prompt release of historical materials by governments on all sides of the Cold War, and seeks to accelerate the process of integrating new sources, materials and perspectives from the former “Communist bloc” with the historiography of the Cold War which has been written over the past few decades largely by Western scholars reliant on Western archival sources. It also seeks to transcend barriers of language, geography, and regional specialization to create new links among scholars interested in Cold War history. Among the activities undertaken by the project to promote this aim are a periodic BULLETIN to disseminate new findings, views, and activities pertaining to Cold War history; a fellowship program for young historians from the former Communist bloc to conduct archival research and study Cold War history in the United States; international scholarly meetings, conferences, and seminars; and publications. The CWIHP Working Paper Series is designed to provide a speedy publications outlet for historians associated with the project who have gained access to newly-available archives and sources and would like to share their results. We especially welcome submissions by junior scholars from the former Communist bloc who have done research in their countries’ archives and are looking to introduce their findings to a Western audience. As a non-partisan institute of scholarly study, the Woodrow Wilson Center takes no position on the historical interpretations and opinions offered by the authors. Those interested in receiving copies of the BULLETIN or working papers should contact: Christian F. Ostermann Director Cold War International History Project Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 1 Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Ave, NW Washington, DC 20523 Telephone: (202) 691-4110 Fax: (202) 691-4001 Email: [email protected] CWIHP Web Page: http://cwihp.si.edu 2 COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPERS SERIES Christian F. Ostermann, Series Editor Working Papers #1 Chen Jian, “The Sino-Soviet Alliance and China’s Entry into the Korean War” #2 P.J. Simmons, “Archival Research on the Cold War Era: A Report from Budapest, Prague and Warsaw” #3 James Richter, “Reexamining Soviet Policy Towards Germany during the Beria Interregnum” #4 Vladislav M. Zubok, “Soviet Intelligence and the Cold War: The ‘Small’ Committee of Information, 1952-53” #5 Hope M. Harrison, “Ulbricht and the Concrete ‘Rose’: New Archival Evidence on the Dynamics of Soviet-East German Relations and the Berlin Crisis, 1958-61” #6 Vladislav M. Zubok, “Khrushchev and the Berlin Crisis (1958-62)” #7 Mark Bradley and Robert K. Brigham, “Vietnamese Archives and Scholarship on the Cold War Period: Two Reports” #8 Kathryn Weathersby, “Soviet Aims in Korea and the Origins of the Korean War, 1945-50: New Evidence From Russian Archives” #9 Scott D. Parrish and Mikhail M. Narinsky, “New Evidence on the Soviet Rejection of the Marshall Plan, 1947: Two Reports” #10 Norman M. Naimark, “‘To Know Everything and To Report Everything Worth Knowing’: Building the East German Police State, 1945-49” #11 Christian F. Ostermann, “The United States, the East German Uprising of 1953, and the Limits of Rollback” #12 Brian Murray, “Stalin, the Cold War, and the Division of China: A Multi-Archival Mystery” #13 Vladimir O. Pechatnov, “The Big Three After World War II: New Documents on Soviet Thinking about Post-War Relations with the United States and Great Britain” #14 Ruud van Dijk, “The 1952 Stalin Note Debate: Myth or Missed Opportunity for German Unification?” #15 Natalia I. Yegorova, “The ‘Iran Crisis’ of 1945-46: A View from the Russian Archives” #16 Csaba Békés, “The 1956 Hungarian Revolution and World Politics” #17 Leszek W. Gluchowski, “The Soviet-Polish Confrontation of October 1956: The Situation in the 3 Polish Internal Security Corps” #18 Qiang Zhai, “Beijing and the Vietnam Peace Talks, 1965-68: New Evidence from Chinese Sources” #19 Matthew Evangelista, “’Why Keep Such an Army?’” Khrushchev’s Troop Reductions” #20 Patricia K. Grimsted, “The Russian Archives Seven Years After: ‘Purveyors of Sensations’ or ‘Shadows Cast to the Past’? “ #21 Andrzej Paczkowski and Andrzej Werblan, “On the Decision to Introduce Martial Law in Poland in 1981: Two Historians Report to the Commission on Constitutional Oversight of the SEJM of the Republic of Poland” #22 Odd Arne Westad, Chen Jiang, Stein Tonnesson, Nguyen Vu Tung, and James G. Hershberg, “77 Conversations Between Chinese and Foreign Leaders on the Wars in Indochina, 1964-77” #23 Vojtech Mastny, “The Soviet Non-Invasion of Poland in 1980-81 and the End of the Cold War” #24 John P. C. Matthews, “Majales: The Abortive Student Revolt in Czechoslovakia in 1956” Special Working Papers #1 Mark Kramer, “Soviet Deliberations During the Polish Crisis, 1980-81” 4 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 7 Doc. No. 1: CPSU Politburo's Assessment of Recent Developments in Poland, 3 September 1980 35 Doc. No. 2: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 29 October 1980 44 Doc. No. 3: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 31 October 1980 55 Doc. No. 4: Letter from Leonid Brezhnev to Erich Honecker, 4 November 1980 60 Doc. No. 5: Directive from the CPSU Secretariat, 14 November 1980, Reducing Tourist Exchanges with Poland 62 Doc. No. 6: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 11 December 1980 69 Doc. No. 7: Directive from the CPSU Secretariat, 14 January 1981, with Supporting Cables 73 Doc. No. 8: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 22 January 1981 79 Doc. No. 9: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 12 March 1981 86 Doc. No. 10: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 26 March 1981 89 Doc. No. 11: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 2 April 1981 92 Doc. No. 12: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 9 April 1981 103 Doc. No. 13: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 16 April 1981 112 Doc. No. 14: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 30 April 1981 115 Doc. No. 15: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 18 June 1981 119 Doc. No. 16: Notes from Brezhnev's Meeting with Stanislaw Kania and Wojciech Jaruzelski, 22 August 1981 125 Doc. No. 17: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 10 September 1981 137 5 Doc. No. 18: Transcript of Brezhnev's Phone Conversation with Kania, 15 September 1981 141 Doc. No. 19: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 17 September 1981 146 Doc. No. 20: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 29 October 1981 148 Doc. No. 21: Transcript of the CPSU Politburo Session, 10 December 1981 157 Doc. No. 22: KGB Annual Report for 1981 (Excerpts) 171 IDENTIFICATION LIST 175 6 INTRODUCTION These twenty-two documents include a top-level Soviet report prepared at the beginning of the crisis; two directives issued by the Secretariat of the Soviet Communist Party (CPSU) in late 1980 and early 1981; fifteen transcripts of CPSU Politburo meetings held between October 1980 and December 1981; a letter from the CPSU General Secretary, Leonid Brezhnev, to the East German leader, Erich Honecker, in December 1980; notes from a meeting in the Crimea between Brezhnev and Polish leaders in August 1981; a transcript of a telephone call by Brezhnev to the new Polish leader, Wojciech Jaruzelski, in October 1981; and excerpts from the annual report for 1981 issued by the Soviet Committee on State Security (KGB). Eighteen of these documents were released from the Russian Presidential Archive in 1993 and 1994, and copies are now housed in Moscow at the former archive of the General Department of the CPSU.1 The four exceptions are Documents Nos. 4, 16, 18, and 22, the first three of which are stored in Berlin in the former Central Archive of the Socialist Unity Party (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, or SED) of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR).2 Document No. 22, from the Russian Presidential Archive in Moscow, was provided to me by relatives of the late Russian military historian General Dmitrii Volkogonov. It is best if the twenty-two documents are read in conjunction with other items I translated in both Issue No. 5 and Issue No. 11 (the current issue) of the Cold War International History Bulletin. Two of the documents below (Nos. 1 and 18) were included in the group published in Issue No. 5, but the versions here have been revised and are much more extensively annotated. The other twenty documents below have not appeared before. In both format and style, the translations are as close to the original documents as possible. My annotations are intended to provide a fuller context for the documents and to clarify 1This archive is currently known as the Center for Storage of Contemporary Documentation (Tsentr khraneniya sovremennoi dokumentatsii, or TsKhSD). 2 This archive is now known as the Bundesarchiv Institute for the Archives of Parties and Mass Organizations of the GDR (Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv, Zentrales Parteiarchiv der SED, or SAPMDB/ZPA).
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