TIBETAN

Volume 15, Issue 2 May - september 2011

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OBITUARY

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Today we have gathered here — the participated in the democratic elections. democracy. general public, the new Kalon Tripa, I think that our brothers and sisters in For over a millennium, Tibetans Lobsang Sangay, the outgoing Kalon Tibet, who are not even allowed to have been practicing Buddhism in our Tripa, and friends of Tibet from various express their views and opinions freely, day-to-day lives and have been able to countries, who genuinely support the let alone participate in a democratic maintain, study and promote the just cause of Tibet — to show our election, would also be proud when they complete teaching of Buddha. Today, the support and stand in solidarity with the hear about these democratic steps we entire corpus of the Buddha’s teaching can only be found in Tibetan. For a practitioner of such a deep spiritual tradition, he should be realistic and move with changing tunes of time. There is no room for old and outdated practices. Buddha taught a spiritual practice in accordance with the level of intelligence and needs of the people. Moreover, many political changes are taking place in the world. I often say that the world belongs to its nearly seven billion people and not to the kings, religious heads or rulers. Same is the case with individual countries, where the citizens should have power and not the rulers. Likewise, the Tibetan people are the masters of Tibet and not the religious heads or their heirs. Therefore, I always state that it is wrong for the religious new political leader. I want to tell you are taking in tune with changing times. leaders to hold political positions. Since that today is a very special day in over When Tibet was confronted I, myself, am a religious leader with 2000-year-long history of Tibet. During with imminent external threats, I was a political authority, this contradicts my the time of great dharma kings, naughty sixteen-year-old boy, who was own words which makes me feel uneasy. comparing with other neighbouring lazy in religious studies. However, like Now that I have implemented countries Tibet stood in equal stature the thirteenth Dalai Lama who took the what I preach, I feel proud and will tell with them in every field. This shows that political leadership at the age of others to put into practice this principle the leadership provided then was eighteen, I too had to take the political that the countries belong to the people dynamic and in tune with existing responsibility at sixteen because Tibet and the time to hold on to power through circumstances. was undergoing a very difficult time. At force is over. Similarly, I will continue to After witnessing the dramatic the time Tagdra Rinpoche was the strongly speak about the importance of events and changes in the twentieth Sikyong from whom I inherited the the separation of religion and politics. century, we are now in the twenty-first political leadership. Since then it has Personally, I feel that today my century. This is a new time and a new been sixty very difficult years, and yet most cherished aspiration has been era. For over half a century, I have as the spiritual and temporal leader of fulfilled. The Tibetans in exile who have viewed it important that we should build Tibet, I have been able to keep the issue taken great initiative and interest in the a complete and a functioning democratic of Tibet alive in the world. I consider election is the most important part of this system in our society. As a result, today this as my small achievement. development. As a result of your active though we are in exile, Sikyong is the Today, sixty years after I took participation, we have been able to elect highest democratically-elected political the political responsibility from Regent a leader with high standard of modern leader of our administration. As stated Tagdra Rinpoche under a different education. So, I would like to thank the in the Kashag’s statement the term circumstance in Tibet, I am completely general public for their hard work. Sikyong means ‘political leader’. This devolving my political responsibility to Lobsang Sangay has become the first term has been in our political parlance Lobsang Sangay, who is the new democratically-elected Sikyong or the for a long time. popularly-elected Kalon Tripa. This is Tibetan political leader, who is vested Today is a very proud day for in keeping with the trend everywhere with full political authority and all the Tibetan people who directly around the world to move towards responsibility. He will lead the

4 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 FOCUS administration with sincerity and to one’s political party should be I want to urge the Tibetan people to dedication. If there are positive criticisms secondary and that the primary concern work in unity to realize our common from the members of legislature, should be the nation’s economic aspiration. administrative staff, members of NGOs stability. Likewise, when Tibet is and the general public, it is right to undergoing a life-and-death struggle, Thank You. criticise. Otherwise it is of utmost personal fame and fortune should not Note: This is English translation. importance to consider our common be considered more important than our Should discrepancy arise, please treat cause more important than personal or common cause. the original Tibetan final and group’s interests. During my recent visit I would again thank Tibetan authoritative. to the US, I said that the issue relating people for their hard work. In future too,

My fellow Tibetans: Lama as he departed Lhasa on the fateful Our democratic election reveals that Today on this auspicious day night of March 17, 1959. Tibetan unity is built upon and sustained when Guru Rinpoche, the great Indian Today, the responsibility to help by universal democratic principles that yogi who spread Buddhism in Tibet, was ensure the return of His Holiness is with transcend region, sect, gender, and born, and in the presence of His Holiness our generation of Tibetans who have generations. the Dalai Lama, our most revered leader, I accept, with deep humility, the post of the Kalon Tripa. We invoke the spirit and call on the Gods and Goddesses of Tibet to watch over and guide us. My profound gratitude goes out to the overwhelming support of brave men and women in exile, and the enduring solidarity and support of our brave brothers and sisters in occupied Tibet. We are motivated by their support and sustained by their prayers. Blessed spiritually by His Holiness the Dalai Lama and authorized politically to continue the extended historical legitimacy of the great institution of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, I am here not as a result of my personal achievement but as a result of the hard work and sacrifices made by elder generations in Tibet and in exile. Today, I pledge to carry on and build upon this great legacy of modern education and sophistication. The results of this election our elders. I pledge to you, my fellow But do we have dedication, unity and should send a clear message to the Tibetans, to strengthen and sustain our commitment to make tireless effort like our hardliners in the Chinese government that movement until freedom is restored in ancestors? If we do, we will prevail. If we Tibetan leadership is far from fizzling out Tibet, and His Holiness the Dalai Lama don’t, we fail. – we are democracy that will only grow returns to our homeland. No doubt, our task is of stronger in years ahead. And we are here Over one century ago, in 1910, Himalayan proportion. But we take to stay. His Holiness the 13th Dalai Lama, took one inspiration from thousands of other brave Let me be very clear: our last glance at the Potala Palace before Tibetans who, throughout our history, struggle is not against the Chinese leaving his homeland and promised to his have given up their lives and devoted their people, nor is it against China as a country. people: “I shall return.” Our ancestors at hearts to Tibet. We have been tragically Our struggle is against hard-line policies the time did not have modern education separated by force, not by choice, and, of the Chinese regime in Tibet. Our and sophistication, but with dedication we will reach the mountaintop of freedom struggle is against those who would deny and unity they work tirelessly to make the to reunite Tibetans on both sides of freedom, justice, dignity, and the very return of His Holiness the 13 th Dalai Lama Himalayas. identity of Tibetan people. Chinese possible. His Holiness returned to Lhasa I promise to work to fulfill the authorities and our Chinese friends alike in early 1913 and reaffirmed Tibet’s vision of His Holiness the 14 th Dalai Lama must realize that grievances of Tibetan independence from China. to create a truly secular democratic people are many and genuine. Almost half a century later, the society. This year’s dynamic Tibetan Today, my fellow Tibetans, I same pledge to return was poignantly election demonstrated to the world our reaffirm in the oath and aspiration forged repeated by His Holiness the 14th Dalai commitment to genuine democracy and by our forefathers – a treaty signed more the universal principle of human freedom. then a millennia ago by Tibet and China MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 TIBETAN BULLETIN 5 FOCUS that pledged a great epoch when protest in part because we cannot forget reaching out to hundreds of Chinese “Tibetans shall be happy in the land of the harsh response Chinese authorities students and have organized conferences Tibet and Chinese in the land of China”. hand down in the face of free and peaceful on Tibet between Chinese and Tibetan In 1950, when the Chinese Army expression. However, it is our sacred duty scholars at Harvard University. We will first came to Tibet, they promised to support and to be the voice for our continue to reach out to the Chinese “Socialist Paradise” for Tibetans. Some voiceless and courageous compatriots. people to build mutual understanding and Tibetans helped build roads to Tibet from After sixty years of misrule, trust. I would like to extend our heartfelt China and were paid in Silver coins for Tibet is no Socialist Paradise that Chinese gratitude and appreciation to the United their labor. During that time, the Chinese officials promised. There is no “Socialism” States, Europe, international community soldiers were very polite and treated our in Tibet, but rather Colonialism. Tibet is and Tibet Support Groups for their ancestors kindly. not the “Paradise” that it could be: today, enduring support. We appeal to them to However, once the roads were it is a tragedy because of the Chinese continue to stand with us for justice, built, tanks encircled strategic urban areas, occupation. Chinese government ought freedom, dignity, and equality, and to lorries headed straight to the mineral-rich to know it. Recently, many Chinese leaders persuade Beijing to resolve the issue of mountains and pristine forests: and have visited Lhasa to observe sixty years Tibet peacefully. A lasting solution to the Chinese workers arrived to exploit and of “peaceful liberation”. The reality is that situation in Tibet will be one of the most mine billions of dollars of gold, copper, the anniversary was observed under defining stories of the 21st century for it and uranium. Overnight, it seemed, undeclared martial law with troops holding will reaffirm faith in humanity’s capacity something had changed. The polite automatic machine guns, marching in the to build peace, non-violence and universal Chinese soldiers changed and became streets of Lhasa, sharp shooters freedom. This would be a victory not only overbearing, aggressive, and violent. positioned on rooftops, tourists banned for the Tibetan people, but for all the They used their guns. Battles erupted. from visiting Tibet entirely. Bejing’s rule marginalized people around the world. Death and destruction ensued. in Tibet is clearly unjust and untenable. A just and speedy resolution of The great epoch of happiness Despite the tragedy in Tibet, we the issue of Tibet is in the interest of all was put into peril. And since that time, I want the world to know, especially Asia. For thousands of years, the Tibetan fear, Tibetans have become second class Chinese friends, that we remain firmly people served as responsible guardian of citizens in their own homeland. committed to non-violence. We do not the environment of the world’s highest The ongoing political view China as a nation and Chinese as a and largest plateau that is the source of repression, cultural assimilation, people with malice but with respect. ten major rivers that contribute to the economic marginalization and Guided by the wisdom of our forefathers livelihood of more than 2 billion human environmental destruction in occupied and foremothers, we will continue the beings. China’s damming of rivers that Tibet is unacceptable. The construction Middle-Way policy, which seeks genuine originate from Tibet will undermine the of new Railway Line brings each day more autonomy for Tibet within the People’s livelihood of millions of people heavy equipment to exploit mineral Republic of China. This, my fellow downstream in Asia. It is for this reason, resources and more Chinese migrants to Tibetans, is a win-win proposition for millions of people in Asia have a vested demographically dominate Tibet and dilute both the Tibetans and the Chinese. We interest in seeing that the Tibetan people our rich culture and identity. Today’s believe in a peaceful resolution for Tibet, are restored to their traditional role of empirical facts are startling: around which means a peaceful process and being the responsible guardian of the seventy percent of the private sector is peaceful dialogue. We are also willing to environment of the Tibetan Plateau. This owned or run by Chinese, and more than negotiate with the Chinese government transcends politics. It touches upon the fifty percent of public sector jobs of the anytime, anywhere. wellbeing and welfare of Asia. local Communist Party cadre are also held Let’s not forget: China aspires We remain eternally grateful to by the Chinese. Meanwhile, nearly forty to be a superpower. It is the fastest the people and the government of India percent of our Tibetan brothers and sisters growing major economy in the world and for offering the Tibetan people refuge and who have worked hard and earned is backed by the largest army in the world. for allowing us to remain as guests for the university and high school degrees are Sadly, however, China’s moral power is past five decades. For those of us who unemployed. These statistics are made lacking behind. Moral power cannot be live here, India is our second home. The worse, as we all know, by Chinese officials bought in the market or forced with military Tibetan Administration will uphold and who treat Tibet as their personal might. It has to be earned. As long as continue to honor the special relationship inheritance, and act as feudal lords. Tibetans are repressed, there will be between the Tibetan and the Indian But three years ago, in 2008, resistance, and waning respect for China. people. Our debt to the Indian Tibetan men and women, young and old, Finding a lasting solution to the Tibet government and its people is already nomads and farmers, monks and nuns, all question will go a long way toward enormous. But our work together rose up against the Chinese rule in Tibet - restoring China’s positive image in the continues. We humbly appeal for your from Dromo to Dhartsedo, Ngari to Ngaba, minds and hearts of people around the continued support and kind consideration from Lhasa to Lithang, from Kongpo to world, as well as towards protecting its to treat Tibet as one of the core issues Kumbum. They spoke out against Chinese territorial integrity and sovereignty. The between India and China. oppression and mistreatment and the Chinese people in China and the Greater For the next five years, with universal slogan was: we want His Chinese diasporic community have a key unity, innovation and self-reliance as our Holiness the Dalai Lama return to Tibet. role to play in helping China overcome guiding principles, the Tibetan Let me be clear: the Tibetan this moral deficiency. Administration will strengthen the Administration does not encourage I have sixteen years record of freedom movement, and sustain it for

6 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 FOCUS another fifty years, if need be. I urge us. It is a test, for the leadership in the Tibet who have put their faith in us, and Tibetans inside and outside to support judiciary, for the parliament and for the who will be closely watching every step the Lhakar Movement to be proud of and executive branch to live up to His we take from today onward. However, assert Tibetanness - to show solidarity, Holiness’ expectations and to work as an thankfully we take comfort in the to embrace unity, and to keep alive the effective and united entity. This is our knowledge that His Holiness the Dalai Tibetan spirit - for together, I know we will challenge and our opportunity. Lama, our most revered leader, is very foster a dynamic environment and I speak with particular urgency much in our midst to offer his wisdom. strengthen Tibetan institutions and to the younger generations of Tibetans. During my first audience as the communities around the world. We need your support, your energy, and Kalon Tripa elect earlier this year, I was Education will be our number your talent to stand tall and march forward reminded by His Holiness the Dalai Lama one priority. As His Holiness the Dalai to freedom. Let us never forget: during that I was sitting on the same spot when I Lama has taught us, sharing knowledge our lifetime, our freedom struggle will meet first met him nearly two decade ago, in is “a way to achieve immortality”. It is the the fate of justice or defeat. Tibet will either 1992. His Holiness told me that my term beacon that will light the future of Tibet. We will strive to reach 10,000 professionals among 150,000 in exile and appeal to Tibetans inside Tibet to reach 100,000 in the next two decades. We will also continue to professionalize the Tibetan Administration and ensure greater access and transparency through the integration of technology and social networking tools. To this end, in the months ahead we will establish a Tibet Policy Institute that will serve as an intellectual platform to envision, develop, and execute policies that will strengthen Tibet. We will also establish Sister Shichaks (settlements) to strengthen solidarity between Tibetans in India and the West and introduce Tibet Corps, a movement that will invite skills and know-how of Tibetans within and abroad to serve Tibet, and create employment for youth and build appear or disappear from the map of the as the Kalon Tripa will be good and I am sustainable shichaks (settlements). world. Tibetans, as a people, will be alive committed to making his words come true. Along with all other Tibetans, I or become a museum piece. Tibetan However, my two hands alone are not am profoundly grateful to Professor perseverance and pride, wit and will, nearly enough. I request you to lend me Samdhong Rinpoche for his leadership courage and commitment, will be truly your 12 million hands in realizing the words over the past decade. And I thank him tested. of the present Dalai Lama on the fateful and the able members of his cabinet for This is no time for simply night of March 17, 1959 that “he shall their heartwarming hospitality and criticism and cynicism. This is a time for return” to Tibet. productive support during this smooth courage, and a time for conviction. Above For my brothers and sisters in transition of administrations. Going all, it is time for confidence in the belief Tibet, I say to you with confidence today: forward, I will abide by the Charter and that we are Tibetans and we can do it. we will meet soon. Though I have never Supreme Justice Commission, and extend The time has come for the younger been allowed to set foot in Tibet, Tibet is my full co-operation and partnership to generation to take a greater leadership role in my heart each and every day. I am proud the honorable speakers and gentlemen in both internal and international forums. to be born a Tibetan and I will be proud to and women of the fifteenth parliament, Remember: if we do not, no one will. die as one. While I live, I am determined to and lead our very capable and dedicated Of this, we can be certain too, fight for our freedom. My late father, like civil servants in the fulfillment of this my fellow Tibetans: like the successful many of our parents, could not return to pledge. return of His Holiness the 13 th Dalai Lama Tibet. But this, my fellow Tibetans, will In conclusion, it is important to to Tibet, the opportunity will arise and not be the story of all Tibetans. Together, remember that the devolution of His our day will come. Like our dedicated and we will ensure the return of His Holiness Holiness the Dalai Lama’s political power united ancestors, if we are not united and the Dalai Lama to Tibet, reunite our people, is not at all solely to me as the Kalon Tripa, prepared to accept the challenges and restore freedom in Tibet. but to all Tibetans. His Holiness’ trust and together, we will fail. Unity is paramount Today, we are in the holy land of belief in the people and our 50 years of and it simply cannot be compromised; it India, where the Lord Shakyamuni consolidation of democratic institutions is the bedrock of our movement. Any attained Buddhahood. Next we will meet now will be challenged to survive and failure to attain unity will solely be our in the holy land of Tibet, where Buddhism thrive independently, without his political fault. We should do our utmost not to is the heart and soul of six million Tibetans. involvement. So this is a test for each of disappoint the majority of compatriots in We are always ready to embark on this

MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 TIBETAN BULLETIN 7 FOCUS epic journey from Dharamsala, the abode of Dharma, to Lhasa, the abode of Gods. From the town where His Holiness the Dalai Lama lives, to the city where he belongs. This is our aspiration. This is our struggle. This is our dream. And with unity, innovation, and self-reliance as the guiding principles of six million Tibetans, victory will be ours. Long Live His Holiness the Dalai Lama.

Bod Gyalo.

With profound respect to Your Holiness, most of the time Tibet has been a stage. the democratic leadership of the Tibetan sovereign independent country. Despite Though His Holiness the Dalai people, your excellencies, the honorable its small population, Tibet has a long Lama, since the very young age, had the guests and the Tibetans in and outside and rich civilization with deep spiritual strong desire to introduce democratic Tibet. On the auspicious occasion of tradition and cultural heritage. Tibet also system, the external circumstances did not allow him to do so when he was in Tibet. Immediately upon his arrival in exile, His Holiness the Dalai Lama set up the democratic institutions and continued to educate the Tibetan people about democracy and its culture. Irrespective of the general public’s political maturity, His Holiness the Dalai Lama initiated the adoption of Charter for the Tibetans-in-Exile and introduced the processes to elect Sikyong or political leadership directly by the people, which ultimately brought to a complete democratic system for the exile Tibetan community. His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s vision and unceasing guidance for the last thirty years to build a democratic Tibetan polity, that is not dependent on him, has finally achieved. oath-taking ceremony of the third Kalon became a recognizably powerful country This is a great moment for all of us. Tripa democratically elected by the in Asia. Especially since the Great Fifth Your Holiness, the Kashag Tibetan people, I happily and proudly Dalai Lama established the Gaden would like to offer our gratitude from the offer my heartfelt greetings and Phodrang Government in 1642, which deepest bottoms of our hearts for your congratulate to you all. has been the legitimate government that incomparable leadership during the Today is a very special day on ruled the whole of Tibet, the successive hardest time in our history. Your which this special ceremony takes place. Dalai Lamas became the temporal and Holiness has provided us the longest This is a new chapter in Tibetan history spiritual head of the Tibetan people to leadership and that your temporal and in which a giant step is taken towards a this day. spiritual achievements far exceed the genuine democracy. Today is also a At a tender age of sixteen, His combined deeds of all the thirteen beginning of a future where the Tibetan Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama took previous Dalai Lamas. Particularly, we people will show courage and put great the political leadership of Tibet from will never be able to repay your kindness efforts for their common goal. The regent Tagdrag Rinpoche. It has been for introducing the democratic system, democratic system we practice here in now sixty years since and this has devolving your power to the elected exile is an example not only to people become the longest duration that a Dalai Tibetan leadership and handing over the under occupation but also to others Lama has provided able leadership to the legitimate Tibetan government founded around the world. This will also be a Tibetan people. Despite the fact that this 369 years ago by the Great Fifth Dalai valuable gift to the Tibetans inside Tibet has been the hardest and the most Lama to the democratically elected when the time comes for all of us to be testing period in Tibetan history, His leaders. reunited in Tibet. Holiness the Dalai Lama’s charisma and We are deeply indebted to Your From the second century BC to the leadership has brought the Tibetan Holiness for your consistent and the middle of the twentieth century for issue to the forefront of the international immensely compassionate guidance

8 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 FEATURE during the tenure of the 12th and 13th older generation who lack modern and thirteenth Kashag. We would like to Kashag. We would like to pay our education to a new generation having urge you to provide the same support to sincerest gratitude and at the same time excellent modern education. This is not the fourteenth Kashag as well. We regret ask your forgiveness for our inability to only a special occasion that the Tibetans for our inability to fulfill all the fulfill all your wishes. should record in its annals in golden aspirations of the general public. Your Holiness, you are the letters but also a beginning of making a Finally, I pray for the long life Fourteenth Dalai Lama and the new history for our common future. of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and the undisputed leader of the Tibetan people Therefore, my colleagues and I would spontaneous fulfillment of all his wishes. in and outside Tibet, and as a result Your heartily like to congratulate Dr. Lobsang May the issue of Tibet be resolved and Holiness has the full moral, political and Sangay and offer our prayers that under the day of reunification of Tibetans in legitimate authority to devolve all your your able leadership the situation of the Tibet and diaspora may come at the powers and responsibilities. The Tibetan politics, administration and the soonest. I now handover this 260-years- devolution of your power and the community will move forward to attain old seal, which signifies the legitimacy transfer of your responsibilities were great progress. of the Kashag. The Seventh Dalai Lama carried out according to appropriate There is no doubt that the issue bestowed this seal to the Kashag, when legislative procedures, and there is no of Tibet will be resolved sooner or later he re-established Kashag in 1751. space for doubts and questions about if the policies and plans in tune with His the timeliness of the transition and the Holiness the Dalai Lama’s vision are Samdhong Rinpoche legitimacy or legality of the Central followed. On the contrary, if other paths Outgoing Kalon Tripa Tibetan Administration. The Kashag are followed, then it is difficult to predict would like to emphasize here that a few the future destiny of Tibetan people. 8 August 2011, Dharamsala people who raise doubts and scorn at Taking this opportunity, my Your Holiness’ visionary democratic colleagues and I would like to express Note: This is the English translation. steps to benefit the Tibetans should not our heartfelt gratitude to all Tibetans in Should any doubt arise, please consider be taken seriously by anyone. and outside Tibet for their continued the Tibetan version final and Today’s transition is from an support during the tenure of the twelfth authoritative.

by new Kalon Tripa Dr Lobsang Sangay welcome. It is certainly a farsighted move yesterday in the presence of His from the Tibetan leadership. The pursuit Holiness the Dalai Lama and many other of midddle way approach initiated by His dignitaries and public. Holiness the Dalai Lama need serious My name is Seishu Makino, a effort on the part of the Central Tibetan Japanese member of Parliament from the Administration and its people to democratic party of Japan. I am also continue further a united force. If the working as the chairman of Japanese Tibetan people continue to work hard, Parliamentarian’s support group for compassionately under the new Tibet founded in 1995. leadership, the support from the I understand that gradual international community will keep changes are taking place in China today. growing for sure to bring an effective It is becoming more and more clear that and desired result. Chinese government is fooling their own I will always stand by your Honourable Chief Justice, Chairman of people by all means. We also know that struggle and promise to work hard to the Tibetan Parliament in exile, new in a year two hundred thousand bring genuine freedom and happiness to Kalon Tripa Dr Lobsang Sangay, demonstrations and protests are taking the long suffering people of Tibet. In distinguished guests and ladies and place in China. China has been for a long order to achieve this goal Tibetan people gentlemen. time encroaching the borders of other and international Tibetan supporters It gives me great pleasure and countries and exploiting their natural need to co-ordinate with each other and honour to be with you all today here in resources and their technology work collectively. Dharamshala to mark the historic day to New changes in the political celebrate the swearing in ceremony of leadership of the Central Tibetan Thank you very much. the assumption of political leadership Administration is a clear sign of

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I would like to extend my warmest Mongolia and Tibet are like twin siblings greetings and tashi delek to Kalon Tripa from the same mother. Dr Lobsang Sangay and all the other His Holiness the Dalai Lama guests. first came to Mongolia in late 1979 and My name is Batjargal Batbayar. since then we are lucky to have him visit This is my first visit to Dharamshala. A Mongolia a number of times. lot of mongolians rever His Holiness the Lastly, on behalf of the Dalai Lama, we are like one people. Mongolian people, I would like to Mongolia and Tibet has a rich historical express my best wishes to Dr Lobsang relation in both religion and politics for Sangay on his new job. over a thousand years. Even the title, the Dalai Lama has come from Mongolia. Tashi Delek! Therefore, His Holiness always says that

every year. to share a story with you. During the DPP In Taiwan, we also suffered administration from year 2000 to under the suppression of an 2008, there was a structure of authoritarian regime a few decades communication channel between ago, where our future leaders are put Taipei and Dharamshala. However, in into prison. Mr Lin Yi-hsiung, former order to pave the way for a signing DPP chairman was one of them. He of the economic co-operation was arrested as a political prisoner framework of agreement with China, after the 1979 Formosa incident. On the Kuomintang, the current 28 Febuary 1980, his mother and five government of Taiwan, has year old twin daughters were It is my pleasure to convey the diminished the previous bilateral murdered at home. And the greetings of the Democratic exchange to prevent provocation perpetrator was never found. Mr Lin Progressive Party of Taiwan to Kalon with Beijing. Yi-hsiung then became the ecwon Tripa Dr Lobsang Sangay and Although, Taiwan and Tibet propestrian church of Taiwan in 1982. express my gratitude to His Holiness differ in geographical locations, ecwon means the light of justice of the Dalai Lama. environment, religion, history and god. This community church has In January of 2009, the DPP democratic process, we both are been actively involved in the rescue proposed a bill in the legislature for daring the regime that denies the and support of political prisoners and Tibetans living in exile to legally value of democracy, violates the their families. In his family memorial reside in Taiwan and I was chair of freedom of religion and ruins the park, Mr Lin quoted from The Flower the negotiation committee and we peaceful dialogue and suppresses Ornaments Sutra for the inscription, were able to pass the bill. In the human rights. “I shall ourselves contribute to the following two years, while His Holiness, whom I have world just as the sun shines without processing the resident and work deep respect for, appeals for non claiming rewards”. permit for our Tibetan friends from violent action. With his wisdom and The situation of the Tibetan India and Nepal, I became aware of efforts he has worked so hard to people living in exile and the the difficult situations our friends preserve the spirit of Tibetan suppression by the Chinese were facing. Buddhism, solidifying the Tibetan authorities in Tibet must have made However, I also witnessed a groups all over the world and greater pain to you, especially to His treasure of friendship among you demonstrating the arduous history of Holiness the Dalai Lama and Dr while you unselfishly help each Tibet with the sacrifice of his life. With Lobsang Sangay. However you are other. People in Taiwan have become the belief in universal value of not alone, there are many supporters aware of the issues regarding Tibet. democracy, he has divolved politcal for Tibet from all over the world And our support is reflected authority to the elected leadership . including the DPP and the people of through the annual ceremony, the Therefore, the Tibetan people can Taiwan. Lets hand in hand help each Tibetan March uprising where more democratically elect their leader. It is other and we shall see the lights of and more Taiwanese individuals and my honour to take part in this hope for the future. So best wishes NGOs participate in the ceremony historical moment. Lastly I would like from Chen Chieh-Ju, Taiwan.

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challenge into an opportunity to intellectuals of this country and the achieve the goal of going back with world, we expect you to go around in honour and dignity to where they India and inspire the youth of India belong and to install His Holiness on and make them aware, the stake that his rightful place. I assure you that we Tibet has for India. Indians will do everything we can to And on this occasion, I invite make this happen. For the cause of you on behalf of the first university of Tibet is the cause of India, but more journalism and mass communications so is the cause of humanity. It’s a in India, in fact in Asia, the Madhanlal cause that is always, as I said, Chaturvedi University of Journalism implanted deepest in the hearts of and and Mass Communications at Bhopal, minds of India. I consider and most where I am again a senior professor to Indians consider, Tibet and India as lead it from there and I speak it on one soul in two bodies. We breathe behalf of the vice-chancellor of the Tibet in every breath of ours, we feel university. Your excellency, Dr Lobsang Sangay, Tibet in all our emotions, you will never Of all the issues that you have Prime Minister of the genuine find us winding in your support. referred to, of course the freedom of Government of Tibet, temporarily The repression, denial of Tibet is supreme and we all stand by stationed here in exile. Honourable human rights to you, cultural and you for this, but one thing that has members of Tibetan Parliament in exile religious rights and attempts to touched the hearts of the people and and members of parliament around the decimate your culture is absolutely which requires to rouse the conscience world. Other dignitaries and friends unacceptable to every Indian and we’ll of the world, is the question of particularly my young Tibetan friends see that this doesn’t happen anymore. Chinese doing the greatest criminal act here on whom the future of Tibet lies. Mr prime minister, I assure of diverting the waters which belong As national convener of the you that we found your acceptance to 42 percent of the world’s population Core group for Tibet cause, I stand speech yesterday highly inspiring and from the Tibetan plateau. Ten major here as a representative of all Tibet very reassuring. When you said, we rivers flow from the Tibetan plateau support groups in India to warmly are Tibetans and we can do it, it gave and many others flow from other parts congratulate and honour the new a tremendous amount of hope to of China and they are all being diverted Kalon Tripa Dr Lobsang sangay, who everybody that the goal is very near. and they are being so managed that it has assumed this challenging office in And I know every Tibetan, how much will be a great catastrophe for the world the new paradigm of Tibetan polity. determined they are to regain their in the years to come. Not only for Asia While His Holiness the Dalai Lama [freedom] and we are with you, I assure or the countries around China, India, remains as ever as the supreme you. Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos, protector and symbol of Tibet and all It was full of grit and Cambodia, but also Russia and many Tibetans as well as the guiding star of determination and clarity about the other countries. all of us, the entire humanity. The great issues and ultimate goals and And I think the leads you political responsibility has been objectives. While we would pray for have given by referring to this needs devolved by him on his new political His Holiness the Dalai Lama to lead a to be made a world movement and I dispensation requiring firm spiritual revolution from this land of would expect you to go around and determination and deepest sense of Buddha and we would like Prof arouse the conscience of the world. dedication and devotion. Firm Samdhong Rinpoche to continue to determination and sagacity to turn this rouse the conscience of the Thank you.

Honourable members of the newly always given strong attention to what debated and discussed in the European elected Parliament, my dear colleagues is happening to refugees but also to Parliament when it comes to human rights from other areas in the world, let me bring what is happening in Tibet itself issues, when it comes to offenses the warmest wishes of the European especially when it comes to the growing against human rights concerning Parliament and Tibet Inter-group which power of the Chinese government on the Tibetans, be it outside Tibet but has over a hundred members and world level and especially on the way in especially of course inside Tibet. supporters in the European Parliament. which it executes its external actions. So The European Parliament has And I assure you that Tibet and the lately we were passing a resolution on also send a delegation to Tibet before problems of the Tibetan people of the the situation of refugees in Nepal and the Olympic Games so that European refugees and of the Tibetans in Tibet we were raising the international Members of Parliament could make their remain in the center of our hearts in the attention on what has been going on own mind and have their own look on European parliament. right there but also issues like the human what is happening in Tibet and how the The European Parliament has rights situation are always very much development is there, despite of every

MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 TIBETAN BULLETIN 11 FEATURE of the realization of an autonomy for follow what is happening in Tibet and Tibet right now within the Chinese that supports really from their hearts that constitution which would be possible Tibet has to see major improvements of and could be realized already tomorrow. its situation right now be it for the people But we have to put international and its social situation. We will not stop pressure so that the situation for the to go for an improvement of the situation people in Tibet really improve and to help in Tibet before Tibetan people inside and them to have a life that’s worth living. outside Tibet enjoy their full human I must mention and this is also rights, be it in education, be it in cultural very important for me, the speech of His and religious freedom or be it in political Holiness the Dalai Lama in the European issues and social equalities. Because this Parliament remains still in the memory of take its part of the human rights catalog the members of the European Parliament the European Union is defending all over and is always a part of reference and a the world. And we see one thing, Tibet part of discussion. gave such a big present to the world in We always mention when we the form of a rich culture that really is have guests from the People’s Republic very important also for us westerners to of China about the situation in Tibet and think about sometimes. And we have to publication you find on the official level. the situation of human rights and the give back our support for the full We are very much concerned about the social situation on the highland to make realization of human rights, social rights recent developments and we will hold them aware that the international and political rights in Tibet. some hearings in the upcoming year, attention on Tibet is still there. And let especially on the situation on the me assure you that there are thousands Thank you very much for your attention. religious freedom, be it on the situation and thousands of people in Europe that

and finally was conducted with an process of debate, discourse and absolutely smooth and professional negotiation. voting procedure. Tibetan democracy We strongly believe that this indeed has come of age! itself strengthens the Tibetan cause Dr Sangay, you take over with because it unifies ends and means. And a very strong mandate both from the this is really the heart of active non- voters and His Holiness the Dalai Lama. violence that the means have to reflect In many ways, your election is an the ends. This is the heart of active non- culmination of the democratization violence that you have chosen as your process that His Holiness has started path and in this lies an example to other more than four decades ago. And thus it people around the world who are marks also a new beginning and one that struggling for their rights. This makes will in time, establish its own traditions. your election significant beyond the My organization, the Friedrich Naumann Tibetan cause and makes it significant Honourable Kalon Tripa Dr Lobsang Foundation, has been supporting this for the rest of us. The challenges ahead Sangay, distinguished guests, ladies democratization process for the last of course, are huge and daunting and and gentlemen. twenty years through our joint project, we cannot know the future but this path, On behalf of the Friedrich the Tibetan Parliamentary and Policy I firmly believe, offers the best hope. We Naumann Foundation, I would like to Research Center through training of wish you all strength, courage and congratulate the newly elected Kalon young leaders, through policy debates wisdom for the task that you shoulder Tripa Dr Lobsang Sangay and extend and through supporting democratic today. our best wishes for his work. This is discourse within the community. We will indeed a historic occasion. You have continue to support this process Thank you very much. held an election that was a real contest because democracy is never at a final that brought up a lot of vigorous debate stage, its always an ever evolving

I am indeed delighted to receive a formal invitation to attend the oath taking ceremony in Dharamshala on 8th August 2011. I was willing to come but due to viral fever, I cannot attend your programme. I would like to reiterate that people of India and our party share and sympathise with Tibetans as ever before. I send my congratulations and best wishes for your successful tenure.

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At a time when autocrats around the accomplished is worthy of our attention them on their democratic achievements. world are clinging to power, the Dalai and respect. Dr Lobsang Sangay takes over Lama’s voluntary effort to give up In March 2011, the Dalai Lama as chief executive of the Central Tibetan power is remarkable. It is the culmination announced his decision to devolve his Administration at a critical point, as of a decades long process of nurturing political authority to the elected much of the political responsibilities for the development of democratic leadership. These changes were ratified the Tibetan community in exile now institutions in the Tibetan exile by the Tibetan parliament in May. reside on his shoulders. community. Congressman James P. I had the chance to meet McGovern of Massachusetts said in a Tibetans from around the world will Lobsang Sangay when he came to speech on the floor of the US House of gather for a historic occasion on 8 Capitol Hill in July 2011, during the Dalai Representative on Tuesday, 2 August August 2011, the inauguration of their Lama’s visit to Washington. I look 2011. democratically elected Kalon Tripa, Dr forward to his return to discuss ways This stands in stark contrast Lobsang Sangay. the United States can help Tibetans in to the reality that neither Tibetans in On the occasion of the their endeavor to find a solution for the Tibet, nor anyone in China, are allowed inauguration of the next Kalon Tripa, Dr Tibet issue. fundamental democratic freedoms or free Lobsang Sangay, I send my warm wishes elections. What the Tibetans have to the Tibetan people and congratulate

China must keep in mind when they There is no future for an are talking about the future of their authoritarian government. Humanity is country. I am firmly convinced that one, human values and freedom are China is not a stable country. They are same for everybody. We can not think increasingly becoming an economic that people that belong to different and military power but they base their ethnicity can not live together. Living power on the fear of the people, and together is the only way forward. not on their trust. And if you govern Violence is not the solution. the country based on fear, then you Compassion, understanding and co- are not going to last long. When operation are the only way forward. I political change will come to China, we believe that today you are taking don’t know. Probably, it will depend forward the tradition of compassion, on us, it will depend on you and what love and co-operation among the the world community and leaders people. That is an example that should decide to do. Either to continue to be carried out in other countries where trust a leadership that is based on fear, authoritarian governments are ruling. security, and oppression or to Our thoughts today should go also to You have come a long way, a long way encourage, for example, the Tibetan the brave Tibetans, those men and towards democracy. community in exile to foster a women in their 70s , 80s and 90s, who Today is an important day in democratic system. three years ago in 2008, decided to get the history of Tibet and that of the We have seen that over the into the streets demanding respect for humanity. The decision that you have last decades, all over the world their freedom. Many of them died, taken to elect a secular, political democracy is on the march and many of them are still in jail but all the leadership is not only important for the totalitarian governments are losing people in Tibet should know that their Tibetan people but its also a very ground and democracy is advancing. struggle is not just a struggle, it’s a important example for the whole world What we should do is to encourage universal struggle that helps the West community. experiences and examples such as that also to remember the importance of We have specified with our of the Tibetan community and the freedom and what people can do to international observation mission here newly elected Tibetan leadership in protect their freedom. So, we have to and in other locations in India last exile as a mean to encourage to be with them and help them get out of March in Canada and also in United different nationalities in China to build the jail to be able to pray with freedom States and Nepal, that the Tibetan co-operation among themselves as a in their temples, to be able to enjoy people have genuinely chosen base for improving the country’s living their culture until we reach a free Tibet democracy according to international and social conditions. for a free China. standards. And this is something that Bod Gyalo.

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in this moment of sadness and struggle is safe from communist aggression. So we the Nepalese people stand by and will all should support Tibet in their struggle continue to stand by His Holiness the Dalai so much so that China also becomes a Lama, the Central Tibetan Administration democratic country for peace and stability and the Tibetan people in their movement. in Asia and the world. I am sad to say that even in Nepal Lastly, I want to wish the newly these days, the presence of communist elected Kalon Tripa Dr Lobsang Sangay a China is increasing day by day. It is also a warm Tashi Delek and congratulations and matter of concern for us that Nepal may wish him all the best for his future soon face what Tibet faced 50 years ago endeavours and hope that he will make due to the increasing intervention by the Tibetan movement a meaningful one communist China in Nepal’s internal and bring immediate results. The Nepalese politics. Therefore, the Nepalese people people will wholeheartedly extend are always with the Tibetan people in their whatever help and co-operation needed movement. And jointly Nepal and Tibet to the Tibetans. I would like to pay my respects and Tashi will fight step by step for the restoration And I am sure the movement will Delek to His Holiness the Dalai Lama and of freedom and dignity for Tibetans in gain momentum under Dr Lobsang the people of Tibet. Tibet. And hopefully, the joint efforts will Sangay’s leadership and the Tibetan Nepal and Tibet’s relation goes bring joint benefits to both Tibet and people along with His Holiness The Dalai a long way back in history as Nepal and Nepal. Lama will be able to return back to Tibet. Tibet share the same border and had trade A lot of people in Nepal say that When that day comes, I will also go to as well as ancestral ties with Tibet. there has been so much development in Tibet. The Tibetans residing in Nepal Tibet. But just infrastructural development I hope and pray that the special are not refugees as Nepal is like an uncle alone is not a meaningful development bond between Nepal and Tibet will be to Tibet and those who stay in their uncle’s until the basic human rights, democratic strengthened even further. house are not refugees. The Tibetan rights, religious freedom of the Tibetan And lastly, I would like to thank people have been struggling for a long people are respected. Moreover, not only you all for giving me this opportunity to time after the unfortunate occupation of Tibet, even China should become a talk. I will always support Tibet and the Tibet by communist China. In view of this, democratic country because until China Tibetan people’s struggle for freedom. the Nepalese people are equally sad. And becomes a democratic country no country

On behalf of all party Indian like to assure you that we will continue Parliamentarian’s forum for Tibet and its to work and support for the restoration members, I extend my apology for not of basic rights and freedom of the being able to make this event. Tibetan people. Nevertheless, I must however reiterate Congratulations and best this that the people of India share and wishes for your successful tenure. sympathizes with Tibet as ever before. With the reconstituted APIPFT in February 2011 and its convenor, I would

I am pleased to extend my deepest Guided by the Kalon Tripa’s congratulations to Dr. Lobsang Sangay political leadership and the spiritual on the occasion of his inauguration as wisdom and leadership of His Holiness the democratically-elected Kalon Tripa. the Dalai Lama, I am confident that the The United States has a natural bond Central Tibetan Administration will with and affinity for fellow democracies, continue to thrive in the years ahead. I and so the progress of Tibetan offer warm wishes to the people of democracy—of which today marks an Tibet—both those living in Tibet and important milestone—brings our two those in exile—as you celebrate this peoples closer together. historic event.

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Eleventh November 1950 marks the erected a stone pillar on the Tibet-China Tibet’s self imposed “isolation” watershed in the collective political boundary in 829 AD. was now to prove even more grievous to its awakening of the comity of nations to Tibet, On the pillar was chiseled its sovereignty. They could not perceive the as a sovereign nation in the spirit of the charter purpose and date of installation, both in the advantage of allying with the British in India of the United Nations Organisation. For, Chinese and Tibetan official scripts. Two more as partners in the “Great Game” against Holiness the Dalai Lama of Tibet, made the identical pillars, one of which was got installed China. For that would have neutralized the first of his several appeals to arouse the on the grounds of Peking palace and the third presence of the noxious Chinese Ambans conscience of the world, through the at Lhasa. This whole episode speaks volumes in Lhasa and perhaps changed the course Secretary General of UNO, in the hope that for the unassailable sovereignty of Tibet vis- of Tibet’s present history for all times. But “aggression will not go unchecked and a-vis the Chinese empire. then Tibet simply had to flow with her freedom unprotected in any part of the world.” Unfortunately, a few decades later, ordained “Karma.” The People’s Liberation Army of China had this robust and perhaps the world’s largest But, the British too were past masters invaded and entrenched its presence over lived dynastic line of kings ended with the at diplomatic intrigue. They cultivated the considerable territory in eastern Tibet. The 41st king for possibly want of a natural, male Chinese and through a bilateral convention in Dalai Lama’s appeal of 1950 was a factually heir. So, the next about 500 years witnessed 1893 they obtained trading rights in south Tibet profound historical synopsis of Tibet’s past kingship change hands between two as also to jointly survey and fix boundary pillars and present. The poignancy of that text leading houses of Tibetan nobility. And for on the Indo-Tibet frontier in Sikkim. resurfaces in the mind every time the Tibetans the first time, foundations of Tibetan The Dalai Lama was quick to in Lhasa or elsewhere, protest the loss of sovereignty were strained by internal assert his sovereignty. No sooner had the sovereignty of their country. dissension. Chinese and British left after erecting The constraints of geography had Perhaps this is the time when Tibet boundary pillars the Tibetans removed and made Tibet inaccessible almost up to the came to have three distinct administrative erased all evidence! The British political last decades of the 19th century. This had entities: Amdo in the north, Kham in the agent in Gangtok, Claude White, was equally to a large measure also moulded their national east and Lhasa encompassing the rest of quick to counter -react. He went and camped psyche of living in “splendid” isolation. The territory down to its southern frontiers with at the site of the northern-most pillar at earliest outsiders ever received and in fact India, Nepal and Bhutan. But, there was no Kongka La (lately in the news as the “Little invited by the Tibetans themselves were the internal challenge to the writ of the king at Finger Area”). The Tibetan outpost at “gurus” of Buddhism from India, more than Lhasa over Amdo and Kham or any external Khamba Dzong some fifty miles north, 1000 years ago. Of course a few Jesuit priests machinations to splinter the country. mobilized their detachment and surrounded had also succeeded in reaching Lhasa in This was the stage when the first Claude White and his escort by night. At the 18th century but they failed in Dalai Lama was by popular consent handed day break, they lifted Claude White, sat him proselytizing the Tibetans and their the reins of the king - cum - reincarnating down astride a pony and led him upto the narratives of the adventure are divinity of Tibet. Over a period of time the western slopes of Guru - Dongmar mountain, disappointingly superficial. Dalai Lamas came to command the some 10 km due south where they So to this day, the world hardly unqualified allegiance of the entire citizenry considered was the traditional boundary! knows that before the first Dalai Lama of Tibet, perhaps more comprehensively than But Tibet’s Karma was indeed assumed the role of a King - cum - spiritual any Pope has from its entire Christian blighted. When Colonel Sir Francis authority over Tibet in 1642 AD, there had congregation. Younghusband led the expeditionary force been forty generations of kings of Tibet. Under the circumstances there to Lhasa in 1904, Claude White would This dynastic line of indigenous rulers was little hope for China to subjugate Tibet. witness the hoisting of the Union Jack in presided over Tibet for more than one So, they conceived a clever subterfuge. Soon the shadow of the Potala. Far more thousand years. after the first Manchu emperor of China catastrophic effect was that the ill matched The peak of consolidation of Tibet consolidated his position, he invited his Tibetan Tibetan troops were so thoroughly mauled as a sovereign state can be said to have counterpart, the fifth Dalai Lama as his religious and demoralized, that soon thereafter the occurred in 629 AD, when the 33rd king felt mentor. Throughout his journey to and lengthy Chinese troops once again intruded and self assured to demand and solemnize stay at Peking, the Dalai Lama was accorded reached the outskirts of Lhasa in 1910. The marriage with a Chinese princess. In the the protocol of a sovereign king. thirteenth Dalai Lama fled to India from prevalent manner of royalty consolidating At the time of leave-taking, the where to negotiate. And then finally, the regional power status in those days he also Manchu emperor assigned two of his senior fourteenth too met the same fate in 1959. took the daughter of the king of Nepal as officials called Ambans to accompany the Individuals may be driven to exile but yet another wife! Dalai Lama to oversee his comforts during for a better part of a sovereign nation to be During the reign of the 36th king, the journey. Why or how the Tibetan deprived of its home and hearth is an Tibet’s sovereignty was militarily challenged officialdom accepted the Ambans’ pleas to unforgivable high treason. In the by China for the first time. But this be allowed to remain at Lhasa as the manner that the world had acquiesced aggression was met and defeated promptly emperor’s plenipotentiaries is a mystery. And with the Jews to carve out Israel, there and followed up by capturing sizable that is the beginning of the end of Tibet’s is little hope that the UNO and the world adjacent Chinese territory to create a buffer! sovereignty and the first diabolical strategy at large will ever aid the Dalai Lama and And as a mark of sagacity to prevent any to absorb Tibet in the his people to return to Tibet in dignity. future misadventure, the 40th Tibetan king “motherland”.

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Newly elected Lobsang Sangay says he’s sticking to the Dalai Lama’s ‘middle way’ in seeking autonomy within China. Though the new prime minister has never foot in Tibet, Tu Thanh Ha reports, he says the Tibetan leadership is ‘far from fizzling out’

An era ended Monday (8 August) in a at the university of British Columbia’s rhetoric, “the door is still open.” said Prof. rainy temple courtyard in the Indian hill institute of Asian research. Jiang, who said the Dalai lama’s withdrawal town of Dharamshala when the Harvard The new Kalon Tripa was born from daily political matters could leave him educated lawyer Lobsang Sangay took the in Darjeeling, the son of poor exiles who more freedom to pursue contacts with oath of office as Kalon Tripa of the Central had to sell one of their cows to send him Chinese representatives. Tibetan Administration and the Dalai Lama to school. Selected as a Fulbright scholar, Prof. Barnett, however noted that ended his formal role as a political leader. he was the first Tibetan to attend Harvard the Dalai Lama has specifically refused to The move has been parsed in law school and complete a doctorate there remain involved in the talks, rejecting a various quarters as either a break from in 2004. proposal that he keep the power to name Tibet’s feudal past, a modest stepwise He was elected by exiles as this his own envoys to the process. change, or an attempt to outsmart the spring after a campaign in which he played “He ‘s trying to get the Chinese Chinese occupation of their homeland. up his academic credentials, spoke about to shift course from their refusal to to talk It was mainly a reminder of the innovation and unity and boasted of to the exile government,” prof Barnett said. mortality of the 76 year old Dalai Lama, having private contacts with chinese Thing would get even trickier who has to prepare for the chaotic days scholars. once the Dalai Lama dies. He says that his after his death when his next reincarnation “[The] Tibetan leadership is far successor is likely to be someone in exile will be named and pitted against a from frizzling out... we are here to stay,” Dr. since the purpose of reincarnation is to competing candidate backed by Beijing. Sangay said in his inaugural speech continue the work of one’s current It has been more than half a Monday, 8th August 2011. incarnation. century now since Tenzin Gyatso the 14th “After 60 years of misrule, Tibet To undercut that, Communist Dalai Lama and head of state of Tibet, fled is no socialist paradise that Chinese Chinese officials took the odd position of his country in 1959 when Chinese troops officials promised. There is no socialism supporting old religious customs and there crushed an uprising against their in Tibet, but rather a colonialism,”he said. imperial traditions. presence. Because of its behavior in Tibet, A Chinese spokesman said last Despite the Dalai Lama’s world he said,”China’s moral power is lacking year that the next reincarnation of the Dalai stature as a much loved spiritual leader behind. Moral power cannot be bought in Lama has to be named by Beijing, citing and noble peace prize laureate, Tibet is still the market or forced with the military might. precedents from the days when Tibetan ruled with an iron fist by China while It has to be earned. As long as Tibetans leaders were approved by the court of the thousands of exiles live in neighboring are repressed, there will be resistance and Qing dynasty. India with little hope of seeing their waning respect for China.” “The way China handles Tibet homeland. The tough tone surprised some is very much in the imperial The 43 year old Dr Sangay, who observers, who wondered whether Dr. tradition,”Prof.Barnett said. was born in exile and has never set foot in Sangay was talking to hardliners in exiled Meanwhile, Dr. Sangay’s Tibet is the first Kalon Tripa or the prime community. His views can be ambiguous election, which injects some youth in the minister of the government in exile since because he used to be a leader of the pro- exile leadership, also short-circuits the the Dalai Lama stepped back from his independence Tibetan youth Congress. Chinese governments dismissal of Tibetan executive duties. But since his election,he has said he wants exiles as a reactionary, feudal theocracy. “He [the Dalai Lama] is trying to to stick with the Dalai Lama’s “middle way” Some observers have questioned build a sustainable exile political movement approach to seeking Tibetan autonomy how much sway Dr.Sangay will have before he becomes too old,” said Robert within China. among his compatriots, considering that Barnett, director of the modern Tibetan Nevertheless, Dr. Sangay he was boirn abroad and elected among studies program at Columbia university. expressed in his speech his willingness to the 100000 exiles , without input from the To buttress the continuity and “to negotiate with the Chinese government six million Tibetans living under Chinese legitimacy of Dr Sangay’s mandate, the any time, anywhere.” control. Dalai Lama recalled Monday that he had However, the Chinese have Prof. Shakya said Dr. Sangay’s long argued for a democratic Tibetan always refused to deal with the election is a sign of the renewal of the political leadership. government in exile, saying they have no Tibetan Diaspora’s leadership. “The Tibetan people are the legitimacy. “They’re all born in exile, they’ve never masters of Tibet and not the religious Beijing favours informal been to Tibet, they’re distant from their leaders and kings and their heirs. Therefore meetings with representatives of the Dalai homeland. That they are able to maintain i always tell that it is wrong for the religious Lama, especially since the spiritual leader their momentum for over half a century is leaders to hold the political authority,”he has been willing to seek autonomy within remarkable.” said. China rather than full fledged sovereignty, “In the eyes of the Tibetans he said Jiang Wenran, a political scientist at —The article is republished from The remains the ultimate authority,”said the University of Alberta. Globe and Mail newspaper. Tsering Shakya, a Lhasa born Tibet scholar Despite the tough Chinese

16 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 FEATURE

The US State Department in its practice and the day-to-day management the Dalai Lama and his representatives International Religious Freedom Report, of monasteries and other religious and address policies in Tibetan areas which was published on 13 September, institutions continued to be that have created tensions due to their said the Chinese government’s extraordinarily tight. Monks and nuns effect on Tibetan religion, culture, and repression of religious freedom remained reported that government restrictions livelihoods, as well as the environment. severe in Tibet during the reporting continued to interfere with their ability “As we look around the world, period of July-December 2010. to carry out the teaching and practice of in fact, we see many countries where “In China, Tibetan Buddhists, Tibetan Buddhist religious traditions.” governments deny their people the most Uighur Muslims, “house church” “The residents continued to fundamental human rights: the right to Christians all suffer from government face societal discrimination, including, believe according to their own attempts to restrict their religious for example, being denied rooms at conscience – including the freedom to practice,” Secretary of State Hillary hotels in large cities, including Beijing, not believe or not follow the religion Rodham Clinton said during the release Shanghai, and Chengdu, during the 2010 favored by their government; the right of the report. Shanghai World Expo (April 30 to to practice their religion freely, without “The [Chinese] constitution October 31, 2010),” it noted. risking discrimination, arrest, or protects religious freedom for all citizens The US government violence; and the right to educate their but, in practice, the government encouraged the government and local children in their own religious traditions; generally enforced other laws and authorities to respect religious freedom and the freedom to express their beliefs,” policies that restrict religious freedom,” and allow Tibetans to preserve and Secretary Clinton said in her remarks. the report said. develop their religious traditions. “As we release this report, we “The government’s level of The US government protested reaffirm the role that religious freedom respect for religious freedom remained religious persecution and and tolerance play in building stable and poor in the Tibet Autonomous Region discrimination, discussed individual harmonious societies,” Clinton said. and other Tibetan areas. Repression was cases with the authorities, and requested “The protection of religious severe, particularly during “sensitive further information about specific freedom is a fundamental concern of the periods” such as the Shanghai World incidents. United States going back to the earliest Expo or the Asian Games in Guangzhou,” US government officials days of our republic, and it remains so it noted. continued to urge government leaders today,” she said. It said “control over religious to engage in constructive dialogue with

The ultimate judge of China’s rule or In fact, the latest white paper is Tibetans is to counter the enormous and misrule in Tibet should be the Tibetan an attempt to cover up the darkest period growing sympathy the Tibetan struggle people. Ever since the 17-Point experienced by the Tibetan people after attracts within the international Agreement, which was signed under China’s invasion of Tibet. Every vestige community, including amongst Chinese duress in 1951 in Beijing, more than 60 of the Tibetan identity is annihilated and scholars, writers, public intellectuals and years ago, the Tibetan people have made more than 1.2 million Tibetans died as a human rights activists in and outside their judgment clear with their lives and direct result of China’s rule of Tibet. China. The international community, as limbs. Even after 60 years of China’s Another startling fact of the such, will not be fooled by China’s white invasion of Tibet and more than 50 years nature of China’s white papers on Tibet papers on Tibet. after Tibet came under the complete is their frequency. In an open, plural The Central Tibetan control of Beijing in the aftermath of the society, no elected government is Administration take this opportunity to repression which crushed that year’s compelled to issue white papers so inform Beijing that the day when the popular uprising against Chinese rule, frequently. An educated electorate and State Council feels that there is no need today large parts of Tibet are still under free media enable people to make their to issue white papers on Tibet is the day martial law, all but in name. The grim judgment on the performance of their when the reality in Tibet conforms to situation in Karze and Ngaba in eastern elected representatives during elections. official Chinese Communist rhetoric. and northeastern Tibet is a clear This is not so with China. In the age of If the sentiments of the Tibetan judgment made by the Tibetan people of the Internet, the Chinese Communist people are respected and their aspirations China’s sixty years rule of Tibet. authorities spend enormous resources to incorporated into state policy, the Tibetan Against this background, for keep the Chinese people ignorant and people on their own volition, with no the State Council, the Cabinet of the the media muzzled. In view of this, no nudging from the Chinese Communist Chinese Communist government, to amount of cycled and recycled white Party, will present their own White Paper issue another white paper on Tibet on 11 papers can silence those brave Chinese to Beijing. For China to deserve such a July compels the Central Tibetan voices that demand democracy in China White Paper from the Tibetan people on Administration to consider this and Tibetan voices that call for greater its performance in Tibet, Beijing must let document another whitewash of an freedoms for the Tibetan people. the Tibetan people to speak free. Stifling ongoing and ugly reality. Such a white Another startling fact is that no the voices of the Tibetan people in Tibet paper cannot stifle the voices of other minorities in China have been and using one giant megaphone to trumpet increasing number of monks, nuns, inflicted with so many white papers as its propaganda to the world will fool no writers and students who demand greater the Tibetan people. one. The resources and talent of official freedom for Tibet and the return of His Perhaps one reason for China China can be gainfully used in other fields. Holiness the Dalai Lama to his people. to waste so much ink and paper on the

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Below is the full text of Australia’s ABC Radio interview with Kasur Lodi Gyari, the Special Envoy of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, on its Sunday Profile.

JULIA BAIRD: Hello, I’m Julia Baird. I asked him about his first trip But they need as much from you. Welcome to Sunday Profile. to Australia and if he thought our So therefore I think there could Surely one of the most curious economic dependence on China has be a very complementary, balanced and fascinating jobs on earth would be made our politicians more timid. relation where you keep set of your that of the Dalai Lama’s number one man principles, don’t compromise on that. At in Washington. the same time respect China’s, because LODI GYARI: Well, first of all, Lodi Gyari, also known as Gyari we are not challenging, you know, your tremendous goodwill. You know, I was Rinpoche, is the special envoy of the policy with regard to China. We’re not really deeply moved because I had revered Tibetan leader, the Dalai Lama, fighting for independence. opportunity to meet one to one quite a in the US. few politicians. And also with a group He’s walked the corridors of of them together. And then finally JULIA BAIRD: Have you seen any Capitol Hill for almost two decades yesterday afternoon I had the signs that Australian politicians are more pleading the case for the autonomy of opportunity to make a visitation, a timid than they might otherwise be Tibet. In that time, China’s become a briefing to this very important committee because of our strong economic super power but Tibet is still in turmoil. which I think deals with foreign defence dependence on China? So what lies ahead for Tibet? and trade. Lodi Gyari would know better than So I was deeply touched by LODI GYARI: I think some of your almost anyone. Like the Dalai Lama, their genuine interest. political leaders have been made to Gyari too is recognised by Tibetan And I’m also aware, you know, believe that. My point is that I don’t Buddhists to be the reincarnation of an of the important relations that you have think you are really, economically, you’re important lama or guru and lived in a with China. And I respect that. China is dependent. I think you are an important monastery as a boy. a very important country. economic partner with China, which can Today he is the head of the And I really very much benefit both sides. largest Tibet advocacy group in the US. encourage Australia to even further So that I think unfortunately He was formerly foreign minister in the enhance that relation because for us yes, that kind of impression I think has Tibetan government in exile and has led only those countries that has a relation been built to the, you know, some of your negotiations with China on behalf of his or only a person who has relation with leaders. government. China can help us, because we are not He’s been called legendary for adversaries in that sense, because we JULIA BAIRD: But is this something his diplomacy. His lobbying work laid are trying to talk to them. new? Is that impression that you’re the ground work for the US policy shift And we want people to tell the talking about, is this something that’s in Tibet’s favour in 2002 when the Chinese to talk to us to find a solution. only really developed over the last five American government introduced the So only a person who has a relation can years at a time of such great prosperity Tibet Policy Act. to talk to China. for Australia, because of our mining He also played a pivotal part in So therefore... But however I boom and some of our trade with China? setting up the first historic meeting think sometimes yes. I mean, you know, between the Dalai Lama and an American economic relations is very, very LODI GYARI: Well I, you know, do not president – George H.W. Bush senior in important, no doubt, particularly in this want to try to pretend, you know, that I 1991. day and age. But you must understand am an expert because this is a... it may Since then the Dalai Lama has China needs you as much as you need. surprise you, but my first visit to your met Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and You know, China is going all over the country. Obama. world grabbing resources. And you have So what’s it like having one of tremendous resources. JULIA BAIRD: Welcome. the most difficult and potentially So I think, sometimes maybe unrewarding jobs in global politics? your political leaders or maybe your LODI GYARI: But you know I have seen Will Tibetans ever get what bureaucrats do not really understand. this kind of pattern with other countries they want? Because here the Chinese are very, very you see, also in Europe and sometimes Gyari Rinpoche spoke to me in good at making people believe that, you even in America, where I have lived. Sydney soon after attending the new know, it is from us you need everything, So therefore I don’t want to prime minister’s inauguration in as if there’s nothing we need from you. single Australia out. But in the recent Dharamsala India and meeting with years, yes, I think because of your rather Australian politicians in Canberra. 18 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 I N T E R V I E W than dependence I think ever increasing through his, the path that he has already think purely a reaction to that economic relation with PRC, there’s charted for us, there will be success. widespread situation. definitely been, I think, a move with some But yes, I am aware of the But now he’s absolutely of your political leaders of being a little remark. In fact you know I was present convinced. You know he now forcefully bit too submissive to the Middle when he made that remark. And he had still encourages people to follow his Kingdom, which I don’t think is good not only said it once but he said it middle way approach, the non-violent for China in the long run. several times during that period. approach. Because I think we all have a But that was after these And I have no doubt that for collective responsibility to help China country-wide demonstrations inside us Tibetans, you know, the best way to grow as a responsible nation, a nation Tibet. pursue this is through non-violence. that can truly be one of the most Best way to pursue this is reaching out important country in the world. Because JULIA BAIRD: In 2008. to the Chinese government, even though if you continue to kind of really make it has been difficult, almost, China behave like a spoiled person, then LODI GYARI: That’s right, yes. For the unfortunately, ‘til today, without any you don’t allow China to grow. first time, because earlier Tibetan people tangible result. I think I do know a little bit of have been deeply resentful of China’s But even as the person who China because the last 26 years in fact policies. But the only reports that you has been going there all the time and my main kind of job is dealing with China. got were from out of Lhasa mostly and most of the time coming back empty There are, I think, many leaders in China out of some of the monasteries, some of handed, even I don’t feel anything rather would themselves want to make a the monks and nuns. But 2008, it was than a sense of optimism. change. nationwide. So once it became evident Because first of all the most So every time I think countries this deep resentment is felt by every important is the Tibetan people such as yours takes a firm stand on Tibetan, not just by some monks and themselves. You know this two- issues such as Tibet or human rights, I nuns... Because China has always tried thousand -and for me was really very think you’re contributing in helping to, you know, tell the Westerners: look, moving because I then realised that the those moderate forces within China. [they’re] just a handful of reactionaries Tibetan movement is very much alive Every time you submit to the who want to restore the old Tibet. And within Tibet. whims of the hardliners I really think you in 2008 you saw young people, most of are doing huge disservice even to those them products of their education system. JULIA BAIRD: Do you think there’s leaders, those forces in China who And many of them sons and daughters anything that could be done differently, themselves are trying to bring that great of party functionaries. given that we have had two decades nation as responsible stakeholder. But at the same time, you know, where you still have not achieved the His Holiness... yes, really also felt at that goals that you wished for in China? JULIA BAIRD: Now it’s a very critical time, for the first time, a sense of being – I mean the Dalai Lama has time in Tibet at the moment. We were not hopeless, but helpless. global renown and affection. He’s feted just talking about hardliners in China. Because you know, he really by Hollywood. His books have sold Now there is an increasing number of didn’t know what he can do because he millions. young people who are frustrated, who is, every day he’s getting news about But what he hasn’t done is are fed up, who think that the years of this outpour of strong sentiments, the actually captured the hearts of the trying to get autonomy and not demonstrations, the Chinese cracking Chinese. And by that I mean the man independence have not worked and it’s down on them. and woman on the street. time to consider another solution. And there he was in Do you think there’s anything I’m very interested in your Dharamsala, deeply pained by what’s that he could have done differently attitude to this because in 2008 the Dalai happening and almost unable physically strategically? Lama said he was ready to accept the to do anything about it. It was a difficult fact that he had failed to win true year for His Holiness. I myself saw that LODI GYARI: No. I think we need to do autonomy for his people and he was he was in deep, deep pain. more of what he has been doing. And I looking to other Tibetans to advise the And so sometimes I think he think he has captured, or is beginning way forward. really felt that “have I failed?”, you to capture, the hearts and minds of the Is this true? Has the Dalai Lama, know? Chinese people. Not the politburo, after half a century of fighting for his JULIA BAIRD: Do you think he was unfortunately, and it may take time. Even people’s autonomy, fundamentally depressed by what had happened? there, you know, I’m not that hopeless. failed? Unfortunately there is a huge, LODI GYARI: I think he was deeply huge number of Chinese who are saddened. And he felt handicapped of indoctrinated by the Chinese Communist LODI GYARI: Absolutely not. I think it not being able to do something that will Party who think of Tibet in a very is through his influence, you know, have immediate impact. So that was I distorted way. And not only about the

MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 TIBETAN BULLETIN 19 I N T E R V I E W political stand of His Holiness but even LODI GYARI: Unfortunately yes. It does thinner. Suppression is increasing and I as a people, I think, maybe backward. to a great segment who have no other cannot pretend that everything is okay.” Unfortunately, therefore, many Chinese access other than the party propaganda. don’t know, think that Tibetans have no But I think, again, no matter, You yourself, that year there culture... We’ve been so kind, liberated whatever effort they may make, Chinese were talks which China rejected your them... These are a kind of people who people are beginning to have more access request or demand for autonomy once live on the mountains, you know, kind to, you know, international situation. again and you said: “We have now of illiterate. reached the crossroads. There’s a total They don’t know that this is a But yes, this is the biggest lack of willingness to seriously reciprocate great civilisation, a civilisation that has problem. In fact during my last round I our sincere and serious efforts.” so much to offer to China. clearly told my Chinese counterparts, I Now you’re still at an impasse. So I think, you know, His said you are doing something You say that you’re optimistic. So how Holiness is definitely now reaching out unforgivable. You are doing something can you reconcile that? What’s the way to the hearts and minds. And that, I think, that for the Chinese and Tibetan people forward? is what frightens the leaders in Beijing. will take long time to reconcile. You are You know I think one of the feeding wrong information and making LODI GYARI: Well the forward is I think biggest problems right now is the fear the Chinese and Tibetans have animosity continued, I think we are on the right path. because they know that if the Dalai Lama for the first time. The important thing is to make the has unrestricted access to the Chinese Because, you know, the Chinese leaders make a little move, you people, you know, that His Holiness may Tibetans always deeply resented the know, so that they can also come to the not only become something to inspire Chinese government policy. But the right path. the Tibetans and other minorities, but Tibetan people, you know, I think this is And I think, you see this is even the Chinese themselves. something we should be very proud, had where I think countries such as Australia But my job is to try to always no bitterness against Chinese as people. can help. tell them - don’t fear him. He has no But in the last few years, You know, I was telling some ulterior motive. He even loves people in because of what the Chinese government of your experts in Canberra and also the politburo, you know. Reach out to has been doing, instigating, Tibetans are some of your lawmakers that besides him. He is not something that you need beginning to have some kind of discussing about human rights abuses to fear. resentment against the Chinese as people which is gross, which must be raised... But you know I don’t blame because they see, you know, that they Stability. China is obsessed with them, of course. They don’t take my have no rights, their resources are being stability. And of course it should be, word seriously because I’m his envoy. taken away. because I think her stability is, you But I do hope that, this is a way I think And similarly, the Chinese know, being undermined by her policies. people can help, this is the way I think people are also beginning to have Look what’s happening in East many US presidents like President Bush, resentment against Tibetans as a people Turkestan, what the Chinese call President Clinton and even President because Chinese propaganda has been Xinjiang, inner Mongolia. You see, not Obama, and I think this is important - telling them that these people are just Tibet now. And unless they really every time they meet Chinese leaders ungrateful people. These people are try to resolve that there’s going to be that they keep on telling them don’t fear collaborating with international forces to huge instability in China. him, reach out. You haven’t met him for destabilise China, [that] if the Dalai Lama And I don’t think anyone, the last many decades. We meet him all had the right he would most probably particularly let’s say that even some of the time and we know that he is someone want to divide China into so many pieces. your leaders and people who want to who can really help China rather than, have this great economic relation with harm China. So this kind of thing of course China, I’m sure even they want, maybe is causing, you know, deep resentment not for Tibet but for their own interest, a which I think is really irresponsible, and stable China. JULIA BAIRD: Do you think a part of if I can use a Chinese term, unpatriotic. this fear comes from the fact that the JULIA BAIRD: So if they don’t Chinese government has called him a JULIA BAIRD: You’re on Sunday Profile. recognise the rights or the autonomy of separatist, a traitor, a monk in wolf’s I’m Julia Baird and I’m talking to Mr Lodi some of these kind of growing nation clothing, a monster with a human face Gyari, the Dalai Lama’s envoy in the states it’ll threaten the economic stability and an animal’s heart and one of the United States. of the entire region? most critical obstacles to resolving the Now in 2008, the year in which dispute? I mean they’re harsh words. Do you said the Dalai Lama was very LODI GYARI: Yes absolutely, yes, I you think that they’ve trickled down to saddened by the turmoil and the violence think it is a fact. China’s current leaders the Chinese people generally? in Tibet, he said: “My trust in the Chinese talk about harmony. But where’s the government has become thinner, thinner, harmony in Tibet? Where’s the harmony

20 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 I N T E R V I E W in East Turkestan, Xinjiang? Where’s more kind of sensible in their negotiations. we will be able to continue to move on the harmony in inner Mongolia? Where’s At the end of the day, you see, the path that he has chosen, with this also the harmony, you know, among no-one, no-one else but the Dalai Lama great unity amongst ourselves to pursue ordinary Chinese? himself should be able to decide in what a common goal, or we ourselves again So today I think, unfortunately manner his reincarnation should be kind of become as we were last few the leaders of Beijing live in fear, fear of selected. hundred years. I mean that to me is a really their people, fear of people like the Dalai huge concern. Lama. They don’t have to have that fear. JULIA BAIRD: Are you worried about The other is yes, also to resolve what would happen if the Dalai Lama dies the issue with China. Because at the end JULIA BAIRD: You spoke before about suddenly, or unexpectedly? of the day we’ll have to find a solution how there might be some kind of fear or with China. And if there are serious timidity amongst Australia’s politicians LODI GYARI: Well I’m certainly worried negotiations then I think there’s going to that to speak out boldly on Tibet might because even though he has been wise be very tough proposals that will be jeopardise economic relations with China. to set in motion a system, I think it will be confronted by the Tibetan leadership. Do you believe the same is true in the US, devastating for the Tibetan movement, And at that time, again, I really given the large amount of debt America you know, when he’s not there. don’t think just the elected institutions has to China right now? But similarly for the Chinese, will have the historical and moral this is something that we discuss all the capability to take those... You know, they LODI GYARI: I saw a similar situation in time because Chinese always kind of may be bold to make decisions. But being America also in the beginning, absolutely, threaten us that well anyway, we know bold to take a decision and being able to you know. But I think, somehow, at least that your whole movement is around one sell that idea to the Tibetans, especially a fairly large number of them, I think have person and when he’s not there... And I inside, is not going to be easy. overcome that through, I think, tell them, true. I said I’m one person who I personally feel that these experience. will agree with you, I don’t disagree, but negotiations cannot really succeed, you And we know several American it will also be devastating for the Chinese. know. I have deep worries, you know. But business people, very important business So I said that the clock is ticking for both sometimes I say jokingly maybe I’m too people, who really took the bold step of of us. When he’s not there the Chinese timid, you know, because during our publicly inviting the Dalai Lama, don’t have a counterpart that has the elections to the office of the Kalon Tripa, honouring him. And they’ve realised that, historical moral authority and also some people also kind of suggested why you see, if you do that, you know, the courage to make difficult decisions. don’t you run? Chinese tolerate it. At the end of the day I mean look at the Dalai Lama’s I said, I’m too timid. I really don’t Chinese are very rational people. decision not to seek independence. No- want to run for office, knowing very well one would have dared to do that. You that the Dalai Lama will not be there as JULIA BAIRD: We’re coming up to a time have to be the Dalai Lama. the head of that institution. when I understand the Dalai Lama is going I feel that a person like myself to be meeting or his senior lamas are JULIA BAIRD: What is it exactly that has some capability to serve if there is a meeting to discuss who his spiritual you would be afraid of should the Dalai strong leader like him. And I said that, successor will be in Dharamsala in Lama pass away?` therefore, I said that I’m not as courageous September, next month. Have you been as some of my friends who were running included in these considerations about LODI GYARI: The unity and the for this very important office because I’m who his spiritual successor might be? cohesiveness of the Tibetan people. And kind of terrified, you know, to be there if you’re familiar with our recent history, and, you know, not have him as the head LODI GYARI: Even though I grew up as like all other I think different nations, of the system. a monk and people still call me Rinpoche, peoples, we were not all the time unified. I’m not in that hierarchy. And you know, we had our own JULIA BAIRD: Mr Gyari, thank you so I did urge His Holiness that it’s problems, differences, regional much for joining us on Sunday Profile. important that he make a clear differences. Even sometimes, you know, pronouncement because, you know, sectarian differences. LODI GYARI: Thank you, thank you Chinese have this kind of false hope that And it was the leadership of this very much. maybe, you see, if we can’t somehow Dalai Lama in a very kind of ironic way make this Dalai Lama do what we want, actually, you know, in a way it was a most JULIA BAIRD: That was Lodi Gyari, the maybe we will have a hand in the selection tragic time for us... In a way, you know, special envoy of the Dalai Lama in of the next dalai lama and then make that this was time that Tibet actually Washington talking to me, Julia Baird, dalai lama do what we want. resurrected again as a people, as a nation, on Sunday Profile. But the sooner the Chinese, you know, as a unified. get the clear message that is nothing but And so one of my concerns as an illusion, I think it’ll make them even a Tibetan is that if he’s not there whether

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Around 92 journalists from India and abroad covered the historic swearing-in of Dr. Lobsang Sangay as the 3rd democratically elected Kalon Tripa of the Central Tibetan Administration in Dharamshala on 8 August 2011. During a Meet the Press event on the day, Kalon Tripa Dr. Lobsang Sangay answered questions on a wide-range of issues such as policy formulation, reforms, and challenges to resolve the issue of Tibet that he will take on during his leadership.

Question: I express my warm Tashi Holiness the Dalai Lama. I think it’s an outside Tibet have very painful Delek and congratulations to you on impossible task. I don’t think any Tibetan experiences. For example, my assuming the charge as Kalon Tripa of would attempt to do that. Rather my grandmother died on the way, my uncle the Central Tibetan Administration. My responsibility is to fulfill his vision of died on the way, another uncle went back first question is who will be the new establishing a secular democratic to fight the Chinese army and never Kalons in your cabinet. Secondly, as Tibetan society and to live up to his came back. My aunt committed suicide Prof. Samdhong Rinpoche stated earlier, expectation that Tibetan people stand when she was pregnant with an infant there is a problem with regard to shortage on their own feet and provide leadership child by jumping into a river, my father of staff in the administration. How are [political leadership], to the Tibetan was a monk, he was forced to become a you going to deal with that? freedom movement so that we can guerrilla fighter and fought against the strengthen and sustain the movement Chinese army and got wounded. This is for a prolonged period of time till His my personal story. This story is a story Kalon Tripa Dr. Lobsang Sangay: A s I Holiness returns to Tibet and our of all the Tibetans that they have lost so promised during my campaigns, I freedom is restored to the Tibetan much; they have sacrificed so much with promised to appoint three elders and people. That is my goal. a hope that one day we will be able to four younger Kalons. And as per my And as for whether I am return to our homeland with freedom. So pledge, I am going to keep the promise horrified or not, at a personal level, at family level, it’s a painful one. I have and appoint three elders and four perhaps I am bit excited in the sense I to be cognizant of the painful legacies younger ones. And I will do my best to ran for this post. I am sure any Tibetan of my family and of the families of the six appoint from three traditional provinces youngsters when they were in schools, million Tibetans and the continuing and a women representative too. So all they would dream of providing political sufferings the Tibetans are undergoing those will be followed to the best I can leadership to the Tibetan people. In that in Tibet on a daily basis. I have to decide and the list will be issued on the day sense, my dream is achieved and in some and take leadership on those issues. In when I have to submit the names to the ways I fought for this position. But at a that sense, painful and sobering yet parliament when it comes in session on more public level, I have a very sobering exciting to the level one could be excited September 16th. I think it’s too early now. kind of a feeling because the duty that I about. And about the staff issue, have to fulfill is quite painful because since it’s my duty, I will do a detailed the news that I’ll read on a daily basis is Question: China has made it clear that study of the issue and do my best to not going to be a pleasant one. It’s more they will not proceed with any kind of solve the problem. Not only that, often about someone getting arrested, dialogues or talks with you. So how will keeping with my election manifesto of someone being tortured, someone being you deal with that issue? innovation and self determination, I will killed, like our representative in Nepal study the policies implemented before being arrested. So on a daily basis, as Kalon Tripa: I have said this often. For and if necessary, make the required an individual, when I read about those us the process or the personality is not changes. Moreover, Prof. Samdhong stories, I could feel it and I can live with the primary factor. If the Chinese Rinpoche assured me that he will give it. But now, I have to not only feel it but government doesn’t want to talk to me his full fledged support regarding any decide on what to do and because it’s a as a person or they don’t want to deal new decisions that I take or any changes struggle, it will be a difficult one. It’s with the Tibetan administration, these that I make to the old policies. about people without our own homeland are secondary factors for us. What we and the people back home in Tibet, brave want is the result. What we care about Question: It’s a big jump from Harvard men and women, on a daily basis, they is the substance. If the Chinese to Dharamsala to take over the political are struggling and trying to resist a very government is interested to solve the leadership of the Dalai Lama. So are you powerful system that is very oppressive. issue of Tibet, on the basis of mutual more horrified or more excited about the So in that sense, very sobering that from interest for long lasting peace in China new job and what is your biggest today on, I have to take on this daunting and for their own sake of territorial difference compared to the Dalai Lama task to live up to the expectation of six integrity and sovereignty, which as a political leader? million Tibetans and provide leadership guarantees genuine autonomy for and at the same time it’s also painful in Tibetan people, we are willing to find Kalon Tripa: First of all, I don’t think some ways that my parents, when they innovative ways to deal with the process my role is to fill in the shoes of His fled Tibet, all Tibetans both inside and and the personality. For example if the

22 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 I N T E R V I E W Chinese government says, we want to mountains and rivers. As per experts government is doing which is harming talk only with the representative of His after Antarctica and Arctic, Tibet has the our environment and exploiting our Holiness the Dalai Lama, that’s fine with largest deposit of ice or snow which is mineral resources. So all that will be raised at international forums and we will debate this with the people in Asia and the international community. Question: Do you think that Tibetans in exile are keen to return home?

Kalon Tripa: Yes. I left America. I have left my job at Harvard University for the time being. I have left my family there for some time. I have left my job as well, to return to India, to provide political leadership to the Tibetan people. Because I want to return to the homeland which belongs to me and to our people. I’ll give you an example. In 2008, I used to get calls from my uncle. He used to say, I am the last remaining member of my father’s family among the, I think 9 or 10 members of the family. He said we have to meet because I am the only one he hasn’t met. And we talked on the us. We will appoint an envoy in the the source of fresh water for 2 billion phone but I never met him. And since name of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and people in Asia. Tibet is also the source my father passed away in 2004, I have send him or her to Beijing to talk about of ten major rivers in Asia. In some ways, this longing, to meet with the last the substantive issues. What we are we can claim that the major portion of remaining member of my father’s family. interested is the substantive aspect of Asian people drink Tibetan water from And I believe, that is the dream of every the problem. So Beijing simply cannot Brahmaputra, Indus, Yangtze. So all this Tibetan, to meet the last remaining say just because they don’t like the time for more than 2-3 millennium, as members of your family in Tibet. But he person, they can’t deal with the process. guardian of the Tibetan plateau and (my uncle) passed away in 2008. It’s a If they are interested to move forward, rivers, we have been, based on the very painful experience. For all my life, I we have extended our hand all along, we Buddhist principles, willing to share or could hear only voices of my relatives extend our hand even now, anytime, let the natural course of the river flow to in Tibet. I want to reunite with their anywhere to resolve the issue of Tibet the population it deserves because many family members back home in Tibet. That because the sufferings of Tibetans in people on the downstream of the river is the dream, that is the desire, that’s Tibet is real. As I said in my statement, or rivers, survives on agriculture and why I am here. We all want to go to Tibet when the Chinese first came to Tibet, fisheries. We have shared that for all for sure. they promised us socialist paradise. But these years. Now the Chinese what you see in Tibet is not socialism, government is damming these rivers and Question: In some settlements, there is its colonialism. It’s not a paradise, it’s a its disrupting the natural flow of these a huge number of old aged people. And tragedy. So we have to address the tragic rivers and has negative impact on the due to the decrease in the new arrivals situation in Tibet. We have to end the environment. So in that sense, it is an from Tibet, classes face shortage of colonial mindset of the Chinese interest for the people in Asia that our students in some schools and also, in leadership. So that we can resolve the traditional role or historical role of being the monasteries we have to take a lot of issue peacefully. We have gone to the the guardian of the Tibetan plateau and monks from Himalayan regions. What do extent that we could and we are still Tibetan environment be restored so that you as the new kalon Tripa plan to do waiting and willing to take steps to meet we can continue the natural flow these about it? the Chinese leadership whenever and rivers and share with our neighbours wherever. which we have done for all these years. Kalon Tripa: I have visited most of the So Tibet is vitally important, not just for settlements and the monasteries during Question: Since 1959, there has been the Tibetan people but for the people in my campaign and I have witnessed the considerable and continuous damage to Asia as a whole. Mekong River flows all problem first hand. I think it’s a very Tibet’s natural environment which has the way to Thailand and Vietnam as well. important issue and I have given a lot of reached an alarming level now. What So lot is at stake for the people in Asia thought about it. And as and when I take steps are you going to take with that as far as Tibet’s environment is some decisions regarding those matters, regard? concerned. I will let everyone know about it. And as far as I am concerned, Kalon Tripa: As I said in the statement, as I have stated in my speech, I will be Question: Is there any plan to meet the Tibetans had been the guardian of more forthright and frank on these issues Indian prime minister Manmohan Singh the Tibetan plateau along with its and point out things which the Chinese in the coming days?

MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 TIBETAN BULLETIN 23 I N T E R V I E W Kalon Tripa: Well, as of now its my first and do it. regarding the negotiation process with day, so I don’t have a plan. But I when I China, you said you will try to work with was interviewed by NDTV’s Sonia Question: In your statement you have China and put process over the Singh, she told me that prime minister mentioned about Tibet Policy Institute. personality. If I am wrong you have said Manmohan Singh also studied under the Could you please elaborate what this that you will appoint the envoys of His street light which I did when I was institute will do? Holiness the Dalai Lama. Are you hinting studying at a Tibetan refugee school. that you are going to change the envoys He was an academician who return to Kalon Tripa: The Tibet Policy Institute or appoint new envoys? India to serve the Indian people and he will be like any think tank. Its objective is doing a great job. I am a big admirer of is to analyse the situation and predict Kalon Tripa: I am not hinting anything. him and given a chance I would like to based on the analysis on issues of What I am saying is, If the Chinese meet people including prime minister Tibetans in exile in the next 5 to 10 years, government wants to talk with the Manmohan Singh. Tibetans in India, India and China, Tibet envoys in the name of His Holiness the and China, Tibetans in Europe and Dalai Lama, we will facilitate that. Or, if Question: You said in your statement America, Tibetan language, culture, the Chinese government wants to talk that you plan to churn out 10,000 identity and movement in the coming 50 with me directly, I will have to send my professionals from the Tibetans living years. The idea is to have around seven representatives. And if they say they in exile, but at the same time there are scholars to do research related want to talk with someone in the name other fields like sports, arts, culture, and programmes in the administration. of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, we will show biz in which Tibetans are not doing Through integration and coordination of facilitate that as well. No hints. very well. So is there any plans to all these research related programmes, promote youngsters in these fields. we will have a close network where all Question: What kind of political support Besides there is also Miss Tibet the researchers will meet, study and are you expecting from the European competition every year which has analyse Tibet-related issues which will Union countries and European countries remained a low profile event. Is there any have impact in 5 to 50 years. Based on because the Tibet question is very plan to revive it on a large scale? that we will try to formulate policies, difficult for the European countries for programmes, actions and events. So we economic reasons. What are you Kalon Tripa: I will do the best I can to will invite scholars from all around the expecting and hoping for? have Tibetan artists, singers and world, perhaps to give lectures, hold painters. As a priority, trying to achieve panel discussions, major conferences. Kalon Tripa: Europe has personal and 10,000 professionals in twenty years We hope the Tibet Policy Institute will deep experience as to what it means to time is the goal of this administration. I be running pretty soon. have freedom and to deny with freedom. will put much of my effort because I came So the Tibetan people are struggling for from a very humble background and Question: His Holiness the Dalai Lama same thing that the Europeans enjoy and because of education I am here today. and outgoing Kalon Tripa Prof it is enshrined in the constitutions of So I know the importance of education, Samdhong Rinpoche in their statements the European countries. I was elected that if you give proper education to an used the term Sikyong, which means with democratic mandate. What I stand individual you can not only change that political leader. As His Holiness stated, for is very much on principles of Europe, person’s life but also help his family and when he reached the age of 16, regent US, India and all the free world. I would community and become an effective Tagdrag handed over to him the political expect and request, and appeal to leader in the movement as a whole. In leadership. Today, when he is handing democratic countries around the world that sense, for the short-, mid- and long- over political leadership to you, are you that I am a democratically elected leader. term interest, having good education more comfortable or prefer to use the Similarly, I hope that they will extend the and having as many Tibetan term Kalon Tripa or Sikyong? same support for me as they expected, professionals is very important and that particularly, in Europe during the second will be our priority. Regarding the Miss Kalon Tripa: Well, I fully respect His world war as many of them went to Tibet event, I wish they will do better Holiness the Dalai Lama’s view. I am here London to form exile governments and because one the three principles that with the blessings of His Holiness to take to some other countries. So they have land on unity, innovation and self- on the political leadership and I enjoy the experience of being in exile and reliance. So based on unity, if you come the extended historical legitimacy of His struggles as well. So I appeal to them to with innovative means, you should go Holiness the Dalai Lama. I have also support and extend support the same head and do it. But at the same time, it tremendous respect for Prof Samdhong way as they had expected when they should be self-reliant that you have to Rinpoche. Having said that, now it is for were in exile. And what they enjoy now, do it, as much as possible you could, the Tibetan people and the Parliament we want the same thing for Tibetan independently. So you can’t expect the to decide which title they want to choose people. Tibetan administration to involve in, or and accordingly I will abide by the interfere in, or invest in all the activities Parliamentary and the people’s decision. Question: Give his vast experience, is that is needed for the Tibetan cause. We As it stands today I am Kalon Tripa and there any plans to appoint Prof have a role to play, we will play. But I I will be Kalon Tripa till there are Samdhong Rinpoche as a political think if one uses innovative means to changes. advisor to the Tibetan government or do certain things, including Miss Tibet any kind of special envoy? and other things, you should go head Question: In one of your answers

24 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 I N T E R V I E W Kalon Tripa: I have said during the programmes, and while doing so, one major changes. For that reason it is campaign that I will consult him, seek has to be cognizance of what the practical for me to consult and seek his advice as to what he did, how how did and why he did it. And based on that if I have to make necessary changes I will. Prof Samdhong Rinpoche has himself, when I met him today, told me “I have full support from him and his Kalons”. If I make any changes in any programmes in any departments they will give full support because change is necessary. So that is quite admirable because if I want to make certain changes. I am pragmatic by nature, so I will definitely consult him before I make any major changes. I have to make changes and now the changes wont be in protest or against him, it will be because he supports it. In that way we are together in moving forward and making necessary changes to make our administration more his advice from time to time. For practical previous Kalon Tripa and the Kashag effective and our movement more purposes it is very necessary because a have done. So without having full stronger and sustainable. new administration to coming and it has knowledge about the administration you to review so many projects, policies and simply cannot move ahead and make

[The Indian Express] Lobsang Sangay, political successor to the Dalai Lama, was sworn Kalon Tripa of the Central Tibetan Administration last month. In this Idea Exchange moderated by Consulting Editor C Raja Mohan, Sangay speaks about Beijing’s “hardline attitude” and autonomy for Tibet within China.

C Raja Mohan: Tell us about yourself power to me, today I am handing over C Raja Mohan: At a time when China and the challenges of leading the it to young Lobsang Sangay”. Some is getting stronger, your talks with movement. people misunderstand this devolution them have broken down. China is of political power to mean the end of putting pressure on most governments Lobsang Sangay: I grew up in place one chapter and the beginning of a in the world to stop their interaction called Lamahatta. It is between new chapter. No, it’s a continuation of with His Holiness. Has negotiating Darjeeling and Kalimpong. It’s a remote the same chapter. That means the with them become more difficult as Tibetan refugee camp better known for history of Tibetan leadership, the China grows stronger? How do you radish and carrots. I owe a lot to India legitimacy of Tibetan leadership and see the prospect of engaging the and the Indian people—I grew up in a the political authority of that Chinese? refugee camp subsidised by the Indian leadership continues. What has government. My parents own an acre happened is that the institution of Lobsang Sangay: Number one: for of land and a couple of cows. They Dalai Lama has separated spiritual India and Indian people, China is new. sold one of the cows to send me to a authority and political authority. It is As Tibetans, we don’t look at China Tibetan refugee school. Later, I very difficult to fill His Holiness’s and the Chinese people that way. We attended Delhi University and then shoes and I am not here to fill his are genetically disposed to dealing went to the US. What does this shoes. Rather, I will do my best to live with China as we have been next to transition of political power from His up to his expectations and endeavour each other for the last 2,000 years. Holiness Dalai Lama to me mean? On that the Tibetan movement led by They have invaded us, we have August 8, His Holiness made a very Tibetans will stand on its own feet. I invaded them, sometimes we have powerful and important historical will try to make the movement stronger chased them out, and sometimes we statement. He said, “When I was and sustain it post His Holiness. His have settled issues amicably, young, the elderly regent Takdrag vision of secular Tibetan democracy sometimes violently. We have seen Rinpoche handed over the political needs to be fulfilled. ups and downs. When China invaded

MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 TIBETAN BULLETIN 25 I N T E R V I E W Tibet, the 13th Dalai Lama fled to India, continue to do so. But politics will be they want to talk to you. As simple as to Kalimpong. We fought hard and handled by me—he has 60 years of that. If they want to resolve the issue, were successful in making the return experience as a leader and a vast then I think it has an easy solution. of His Holiness the 13th Dalai Lama to source of knowledge which anyone They bring in the issue of greater China Tibet possible. So we have done it should tap, and I will do so whenever and that we have a hidden agenda of before and we are confident that we it is necessary. independence. It is the suspicious will do it again. mindset that is the problem. They Second is Buddhist Amitabh Sinha: There’s one viewpoint always project a scary image and say philosophy. We believe our identity is that in recent years, the Dalai Lama was Dalai Lama is asking for one-fourth of based on Buddhist philosophy, which becoming more of a problem in China and that is so unreasonable. It is 2,000-plus years old while initiating a dialogue with China than a does sound unreasonable but the Communism is just 100 years old. We solution. Do you think that will change Tibetan plateau is one-fourth of China, know we will live through it and we with your appointment? and Tibetans live on the Tibetan will return to Tibet and restore freedom. plateau. One-sixth of China is Uighur, At the moment, there is this tunnel Lobsang Sangay: When you say Dalai the Xinjiang autonomous region, and vision in seeing China as a great Lama is more of a problem, it’s a the Chinese have already granted one- military power and a growing economic narrative and you have to look at the sixth area to Uighur and one-ninth to power. At the moment, they call me source of the narrative, which is clearly Inner Mongolia. So what is the problem names and call me illegal. But I am the Beijing. Why is Dalai Lama the source with Tibetans saying, ‘Can we live on democratically elected leader, hence of the problem? He has advocated the Tibetan plateau where we have legal. It is tough at the moment but in peace, non-violence, moderation, livesd for 2,000 years?’ In our the long run, we will prevail. autonomy within China. So what is the language, in our writing, for problem? The problem is Beijing’s thousands of years we don’t have a Coomi Kapoor: Your aim is autonomy hardline attitude. I will continue the word that combines us as a nation or in Tibet but aren’t there more Chinese same middle-way policy—I ran my one people or one language. It’s not in Tibet than people of Tibetan origin? election on that and people voted for like we are artificially creating it now. me supporting that policy. I am familiar Having said that, we are different and Lobsang Sangay: The scary number is with Chinese propaganda and how the distinct does not necessarily mean we 7 million Chinese in Tibet, system works. It’s all scripted—Dalai cannot be part of the same entity. Look outnumbering 6 million Tibetans. But Lama was the problem and hence they at the European Union. Germany and that includes the border areas of Tibet were not talking to us. Now if they the rest of Europe fought brutally at which have more Chinese; in inner want to change the script and say the cost of millions of lives but they Tibet, the majority is Tibetan. In urban Lobsang Sangay is the solution, then are living together, so that’s the areas, increasingly the Chinese I will be happy to facilitate a dialogue civilised way of doing it and we are presence is felt. In Lhasa, the majority because I have said this over and over willing to do it. is Chinese. But thanks to Tibet’s again: we are willing to negotiate with altitude, it is so cold in winter that 70 the Chinese government anytime, Manu Pubby: One reason the Dalai plus per cent of Chinese flee Tibet and anywhere. I have a 16-year track record Lama has a presence around the world go to their hometowns. It will take to prove it. When I didn’t have to, I is that he represents not just Tibet but genetic adaptation for the Chinese to have talked to hundreds and hundreds he is spiritually revered by many. You permanently settle down in Tibet. In of Chinese scholars at Harvard represent only the political side of rural areas, Tibetans are in a majority. University. We are sincere, we believe Tibet. How difficult will it be for you in dialogue. to make a name for yourself? Dilip Bobb: What will the Dalai Lama’s role be now? C Raja Mohan: There were 6-7 rounds Lobsang Sangay: His Holiness had led of negotiations between 2002 and us brilliantly and by combining a Lobsang Sangay: He has always said 2008. What are the sticking points now spiritual and political role, he has he has three main roles in this world. in terms of your demands and Beijing’s made a tremendous contribution to the One is to spread peace and non- position? Tibetan cause. By separating the two, violence. Two, is an inter-faith he is highlighting the political aspect dialogue. And the third is Tibet and Lobsang Sangay: I remember speaking of Tibet. My duty is to put Tibet and the Tibetan people. That is his to a very senior Chinese scholar and the Tibetan people at the centre. There responsibility. The political aspect he asking him, do you see Tibet as a ought to be support worldwide for has handed over to me. But he is a difficult issue or an easy issue? And Tibet not simply because it is the cause Tibetan and it is the responsibility of he said, Tibet is a difficult issue if the of the Tibetan people but because the every Tibetan to speak for Tibet and Chinese government doesn’t want to Tibet issue reflects and represents its people. In that capacity he will talk to you and it is an easy issue if general injustices around the world.

26 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 I N T E R V I E W The issue of Tibet is linked to India’s, assimilating Tibetan people into issues about the Dalai Lama’s Asia’s and even global concerns. India mainstream Chinese society? How long legitimacy to select his own shares a land border with China. It has can Tibetans hold out? reincarnation. Dalai Lama himself has a sea border too. So, the Tibet issue talked about modernising some of the has a direct link with India’s security. Lobsang Sangay: We can hold out for procedures, even having a woman (as The Tibet issue is vitally important for a very long time. Obviously, the Dalai Lama). Is there going to be some the international community because ultimate goal of the Chinese change in the religious organisation? the world is confused, anxious, to government is the assimilation of the some extent scared, of this unknown Tibetan people into China’s fold. They entity called China that has come up. have done that in Manchuria, Lobsang Sangay: I think and sincerely We know them very well. The Tibet Mongolia. They are doing it with four feel that India and people in the world experience reflects the dark side of to five other minorities. For example, should get over the fear psychosis China, not the one you read in the there are minorities who don’t speak while dealing with China. China is business section of newspapers and their own language. They speak only questioning the reincarnation of Dalai news magazines. The tragic experience Han Chinese or Mandarin. In Tibet, Lama. If you keep giving validity to of Tibet reflects the brutal side of they are trying the same thing. But we that question, they will keep on asking hardliners in the Chinese government will preserve our language and culture, the question. You should just brush who can kill Tibetan people and get as was demonstrated in 2008 when off their questions. away with it. If the Chinese Tibetans in 100-plus countries I am not very spiritual. If you government gets away with Tibet, they protested against the Chinese ask me the intricacies of reincarnation, will think they can get away with the occupation. When the Chinese first spirituality, I am no authority. But I rest of the world. came to Tibet, they promised a socialist think the idea of reincarnation is based If the Tibet issue is solved, paradise. And some Tibetans helped on karma—what you sow, you get. It’s we will be the catalysts for moderation them build roads. But soon we realised like a bank account. If you have more and humanisation of China because that once roads were built, tanks would balance, you have more to withdraw only then will they accept the principle follow and trucks and they would from at the end of your life. And if you of diversity and freedom. The Tibet encircle cities and towns. And the keep withdrawing, in the end you pay issue is not a constitutional or trucks would go straight to our pristine in the spiritual sense. institutional or political problem. The forests and cut out trees, mine all our There is a believer and a non- Chinese government has the political mineral resources. Tibet is the source believer. The non-believer says this is ability to grant autonomy. They have of major rivers in Asia as a whole—10 nonsense, we don’t subscribe to this. done so for Hong Kong and Macau— major rivers of Asia flow from Tibet. Believers believe that reincarnations there is a Special Administrative The Teesta river, which Mamata come for the good of humanity and I Region for Hong Kong and Macau. Banerjee was complaining about, is am one of those who believe in it. Institutionally, they are separate. For also Tibetan water. Tibet, they are not willing to do this. Amitabh Sinha: What is it like being a Why? Because we are not Han Shubhojit Roy: How much of a free prime minister without a country? Chinese. hand do you envisage for yourself as Mine is a very challenging a political leader without being tied Lobsang Sangay: I try not to think too job. But the definition of leadership is down by the spiritual heads of your much about what it means to be a Prime when an ordinary person does community here? Minister. But this position gives you a something extraordinary. microphone and louder volume and I Lobsang Sangay: I have an absolutely make use of it for Tibet and the Tibetan N P Singh: Do you think there is a free hand. Spiritual leaders don’t get people. I am a leader of people without similarity between the situation in involved in Tibetan policies generally, a territory and a country. And when I Tibet and the situation in Kashmir? except for His Holiness because he had get an opportunity to meet people like a political role to play earlier. But all you, I try to make use of it for Tibet Lobsang Sangay: I think they are two the religious heads are coming to and Tibetan people. different issues. What we are striving Dharamsala in September, and they’ll for is genuine autonomy within China. discuss mainly the spiritual aspect. Transcribed by Ananya Bhardwaj and If we are granted what Kashmir has, Talking to all the major lamas will be a Sumegha Gulati we will welcome it. Having said that, challenge for me. I am young but basic human rights ought to be sensible. I would not run with respected everywhere in the world. decisions that will backfire eventually. So, I’ll take everyone on board. Coomi Kapoor: How successful has the Chinese government been in Coomi Kapoor: There is a whole set of

MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 TIBETAN BULLETIN 27 DOCUMENTATION

Today, we celebrate the fifty-first Chinese forces disrupted the work and democracy to Tibetan construction anniversary of Tibetan Democracy disbanded the committee. workers of Indian highways near Dalhousie. It must have been a traumatic experience for Tibetans; who having lost their nation, homes, and family members; had to witness their 26-year-old leader as a refugee amidst makeshift tents that served as their home. Tibetans - young and old - were overwhelmed with emotions - many cried and were deeply moved. Tibetans elected (actually selected) their members of parliament and had their first meeting on September 2, 1960, which from that day on came to be commemorated as the Tibetan Democracy Day. As for selecting the regional representatives, Tibetan road workers from Sikkim to Manali met on roadsides and nominated candidates by raising their Day. On this auspicious occasion, in I would like to share my own hands. The elected representatives, which we celebrate our shared experience of His Holiness’ carrying tin box full of documents, met aspiration for human freedom, I extend magnanimity in 1995. Along with other under a tree (not far from my warm greetings to fellow Tibetans students, I received an audience with Tsuklagkhang) on weekends to around the world particularly to those His Holiness just before we were to conduct parliamentary business. in occupied Tibet. leave for further studies in the United Women members were elected as early I pay my sincere and heart-felt States. As I was introduced, His as 1963, when some advanced tribute to our most revered leader His Holiness mentioned an article that I democracies still did not have female Holiness the Dalai Lama, whose vision published in the Tibetan Review parliamentarians. In 1977, of a democratic and secular Tibetan entitled “Human Rights and Asian representatives of Bon were also society I am fully committed to Values.” I was struck and honored that included. realizing. Let me begin by he took notice of an article published In 1963, the constitution of acknowledging and celebrating the by a young and ordinary Tibetan. I Tibet, modeled after India’s, was pivotal role of His Holiness the Dalai know countless others who have had adopted and His Holiness the Dalai Lama who is a true democrat and a similar encounters. Lama insisted that the constitution magnanimous people’s leader. He was The story of Tibet’s include a provision that allowed for his drawn towards fairness and democratic democracy, after the early attempts in own impeachment which went against principles even when growing up as a 1952, continued in 1959 after His the wishes of his own people. In 1970, young child in the Potala Palace. Being Holiness sought refuge in India the Tibetan Youth Congress was from a humble peasant family himself, following the occupation of Tibet. At established by Tibetan youth leaders, he befriended the Palace sweepers, a time when anti-colonialism was and in 1984 the Tibetan Women’s gatekeepers and cooks, and these taking hold and new democracies were Association was re-established in people became his source of being established around the world, the exile. Both organizations have played information about ordinary Tibetans first step towards establishing the an important role in producing leaders and conditions in Tibet. Two years Tibetan parliament began at Bodh with emphasis on non-sectarianism, after assuming leadership of the Gaya, where the Na-gyen Chenmo non-regionalism and unity. country, His Holiness established the (great oath) was taken and Tibetan With the collapse of the Soviet Reform Committee in 1952, which had leaders pledged an iron-like unity Union and the Berlin Wall and the exempting poor farmers and indigent under one leadership. On June 29, spread of “third wave” of democracy Tibetans from heavy taxes as one of 1960, at a very emotional public event, around the world in the early nineties, its objectives. However, the occupying His Holiness shared his vision of more democratic reforms ensued in the

28 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 DOCUMENTATION Tibetan community. These reforms the impeachment clause in the 1960s, a lay Tibetan from a humble occurred while the Chinese establishing a leader’s position background who grew up in a refugee government was cracking down on its between himself and the Kashag in the settlement, truly represents continued own people seeking democracy during 1980s, and the direct election of Kalon legitimacy and symbol of Tibetan the Tiananmen Square massacre. In Tripa in the 2000s, has been brilliant. leadership. My fellow 1991, the Charter of the Tibetans – the The timing of the devolution of Tibetans, history of Tibetan leadership supreme law governing the functions political power in particular is and its glorious legacy will continue. of the Central Tibetan Administration masterful as His Holiness’ decision (CTA) – was drafted and adopted by has legitimized the outcome of the 2011 Today our democracy, while the Tibetan parliament. The parliament Kalon Tripa elections – the largest and nascent, is a successful model of an was expanded and constitutionally most democratic round of elections in exile community establishing a strong empowered to elect the Kashag. The Tibetan history. democratic base and governance parliamentary procedures and The recent elections is a system. This is in large part due to the functional processes akin to Indian testament to the growing maturity and generosity of the Indian government parliamentary system became more vibrancy of Tibetan democracy. The and people, our host. In fact our disciplined, sophisticated and historic elections attracted an experience has attracted the interest effective over time. unprecedented number of Tibetans of other exile and refugee communities Tibetan democracy continued to from 30 countries, particularly the and students of democracy. The CTA flourish in the 2000s when the world youth. Tibetans from Tibet also and some of our non-governmental witnessed the color revolutions in showed keen interest and solidarity by organizations have shared our five Eastern Europe. As per an amendment going to monasteries to pray for the decades of experience in implementing in the Tibetan charter, the first direct success of election, following democratic principles, processes and election for the post of the Kalon Tripa, developments closely and bursting mechanisms with others, and we invite administrative head of CTA, took place fireworks when election results were everyone to examine and study our in 2001. Professor Samdhong Rinpoche announced. The Kalon Tripa elections experience. Having said that, our won the election with more than 80 were intensely but fairly contested democracy is still far from perfect and percent of the votes and provided with the three final candidates we must make it even more robust. admirable leadership. participating in around seventeen I can say with confidence that A decade later, in March 2011, debates and visiting majority of the our exile democratic administration is amid the Arab Spring and where some Tibetan communities in exile. The far superior to China’s colonial rule in leaders are still violently resisting their parliamentary elections resulted in Tibet. Tibetans in Tibet live under people’s demands for change, His fifty percent new members, including harsh autocracy while those of us in Holiness the Dalai Lama announced substantial number of women and new exile enjoy democracy. While I have his devolution of power ten days arrivals from Tibet. The successful the mandate of the Tibetan world, the before the final round of Kalon Tripa outcome of these elections have given Party Secretary of “Tibet Autonomous and parliamentary elections. He new hope for our compatriots inside Region” (TAR) is hand picked by expressed his strong desire to transfer Tibet, and sent a strong message to Beijing, and has never been a Tibetan. all his political and administrative Beijing that the Tibetan movement is We are part of a democratic family in powers and announced his decision to gaining new momentum. the world, China is not. The Kalon “devolve his formal authority to the His Holiness’ magnanimity Tripa is the legitimate representative elected leader.” His Holiness the Dalai and democratic values is again of the Tibetan people, while China’s Lama rejected impassioned appeals by reaffirmed by his remarks at the recent rule in Tibet is undemocratic and both the parliament and the people to oath-taking ceremony of the Kalon illegitimate. China cannot be a stay on even as the nominal head of Tripa. His Holiness when transferring legitimate superpower without state. a piece of important history and more accepting the universality of freedom. It is important to note that His importantly the political legitimacy of I call upon the Chinese regime to Holiness Dalai Lama made significant the 369-year-old institution of the respect the freedom of both the changes that coincided with major Dalai Lama to the leader with Tibetan and Chinese people. global developments. In retrospect, it democratic mandate stated, “When I Finally, let me conclude by is clear that His Holiness’ decisions was young, an elderly regent Takdrag stating that the devolution of political were not driven by these Rinpoche handed over Sikyong power is not solely to me, but to all developments. Rather, he was taking (political leadership) to me, and today Tibetans. The time has now come for advantage of these events to hasten I am handing over Sikyong to young us to demonstrate that we can survive the democratic reforms that he had Lobsang Sangay… in doing this I have and indeed thrive independently with initiated (which his people resisted) fulfilled my long-cherished goal.” The our new responsibilities. We must since coming into exile. The timing of transferring of the 1751 seal of the 7th actively participate in the democratic each one of His Holiness’ major steps: Dalai Lama to the current Kalon Tripa, process by ensuring that our leaders

MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 TIBETAN BULLETIN 29 DOCUMENTATION remain accountable and true to the Tibetan identity and dignity. With we will make sure to achieve our democratic spirit. My Tibetan spirit as strong as the majestic parent’s dream to return to our election as the Kalon Tripa is a vote of Mount Jomolangma, we must all work homeland. I want to reiterate my deep confidence in the newer generation of hard towards ensuring the return of conviction that with unity, innovation Tibetans. So, it is expected of the His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama and and self-reliance as our guiding younger generation to work with emulate the honorable service of our principles we will ensure the renewed dedication and conviction. elder generation who successfully restoration of freedom, reunification of We must live up to the expectations of ensured the 13th Dalai Lama’s return Tibetans and the return of His His Holiness. This is no time for to Tibet. Holiness the Dalai Lama to Tibet. cynicism but optimism. Our focus must My dear fellow compatriots be to pursue the sacred cause of inside Tibet! Many of us in exile have supporting the brave men and women never seen Tibet, but Tibet is in our BOD GYALO! inside Tibet who continue to sacrifice heart and soul. With determination, their lives for the preservation of dedication, and Dharma on our side,

Today, we are celebrating the occasion Holiness the Dalai Lama for leading us Tibet. Immediately after His Holiness the of the 51st Democracy Day. This day into the path of democracy. Last year on Dalai Lama came into exile in India, he spoke about the importance of people to elect their representatives at during a religious teaching in Bodhgaya. Accordingly, the first elected members of the parliament took their oath of office on 2nd September 1960. Reforms were also introduced in the exile administration, including promulgation of the Draft Constitution of Future Tibet in 1963, which turned the exile administration into a fully functioning democracy. In 1991, the Charter for Tibetans-in-Exile was promulgated, which further strengthened the democratic exile community with three pillars of democracy. In 2001, provisions were created in the charter to enable the election of Kalon Tripa directly by the exile Tibetan people. In 2011, in a historic decision, His Holiness the Dalai Lama devolved his political authority to the also marks first Democracy Day since the occasion of 50th anniversary of our elected Tibetan leadership. These are, His Holiness the Dalai Lama devolved Democracy Day in Bylakupee, South without a shadow of doubt, His Holiness his political powers to the elected India, the parliament, on behalf of all the the Dalai Lama’s vision to benefit the Tibetan leadership. Therefore, this is a Tibetans, was able to present His Tibetan people and their struggle for historic occasion. Holiness the Dalai Lama with the Gold freedom both the short and long-term. Looking back into the past five Medal, as our small token of gratitude, We would also like to pay our decades, we have been successful in which is bound to become a source to tribute to the senior staff members and establishing our administration, accumulate our collective merits. individuals who have tirelessly worked preserving and promoting our spiritual It is a common knowledge that His for the just cause of Tibet. What we and cultural heritage, and maintaining Holiness the Dalai Lama was fascinated have achieved so far is the result of their unity amongst the Tibetan people. While by democratic principles since a young hard work and commitment. Therefore, we cherish these great accomplishments, age and worked hard to bring social we would like to knowledge and honour we should at the same time pay our reforms in Tibet. However, his efforts their courage and selfless dedication. heartfelt respect and gratitude to His failed due to Chinese occupation of Taking this opportunity, we

30 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 DOCUMENTATION would also like to thank former Kalon live to talk about changes in the Central people inside Tibet and stand in Tripa, Samdong Rinpoche, for his Tibetan Administration, and to solicit solidarity with them for their leadership for ten years as the Speaker public opinions and find out conditions determination and audacity under the of the parliament, and later as a Kalon of the people. The parliamentarians Chinese rule. We urgently and strongly Tripa for another ten years. During these would do the same again after the appeal to the Chinese leaders to change times, he has tried his best to fulfil the second session. This is to create a its hardline policy on Tibet, and not to wishes of His Holiness the Dalai Lama special bridge between the Central forcefully change the traditional life- by providing able leadership. Tibetan Administration and the general styles of Tibetan nomads and farmers At a time when the world populace and hence we request the and to give complete religious freedom. involved in great political and economic concerned staff members and heads of The basic aspiration upheavals, His Holiness the Dalai Lama settlements and the public to provide of the Tibetans people, both in and is fully committed to promoting global their unwavering support and outside Tibet, is to resolve the issue of peace, non-violence and harmony. All cooperation. Tibet. However, due to circumstance that the Tibetan people must join hands to The Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile is are beyond our reach, if it takes a long realise His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s working to further build a strong Tibet time to regain our freedom, we should principles of world peace and harmony. support groups worldwide and be well prepared for such an eventuality. It goes without saying that the further especially in India in building close Tibetans living in Tibet, using the rights His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s great contacts with leaders, scholars, and provision of enshrined in the deeds spreads, better it is for the researchers, intellectuals and the media. Constitution of the People’s Republic of resolution of the Tibetan issue. Changes are taking place China and Laws on the Regional Therefore, I request the Central Tibetan around the world and in China as well. Autonomy, must work hard to preserve Administration, various NGOs and the However, Beijing’s Tibet policy, instead our unique cultural and spiritual general populace to unite and work in of improving, continues with clear and heritage, and to protect Tibet’s fragile harmony with His Holiness the Dalai systematic aims to annihilate Tibetan environment. Those of us living in exile, Lama’s vision and also to face any future people and its fragile environment. we must put our collective efforts challenges and obstacles. Beijing has issued documents like Sixty towards creating political and We are passing through stage Years Since Peaceful Liberation of Tibet democratic maturity, and at the same where His Holiness the Dalai Lama has and various White Papers on Tibet, abide by the laws of their respective devolved his political authorities and Dr. which are propaganda materials filled countries or states. We must take active Lobsang Sangay has taken over with fabricated lies. The reality is that part in various Tibetan associations and responsibility of Kalon Tripa. It it that the China continues to increase its communities in preserving and without doubt that the responsibilities colonial rule in Tibet, denying the promoting our cultural and spiritual of the Kalon Tripa has increased Tibetans even basic rights. As a result heritage. manifold in finding a resolution to the Tibetans have live under constant fear On this special occasion, we issue of Tibet, preserving and promoting and threat of harassment, arrest and would like to pay our heartfelt gratitude Tibetan language, religion and culture, imprisonment. to the Tibet Support Groups around the garnering further international support, For instance, peaceful protests world, the parliamentarians, heads of imparting education to younger have been taking place one after another governments, and particularly central generation and creating a more stable in Ngaba in Amdo and Kardze and Tawu and the state governments of India and Tibetan settlements. All these can be in Kham, Eastern Tibet, against Chinese its people for providing us with a second achieved only with the full support and rule. On 16 March 2011 Lobsang home for over half a century. We remain cooperation from the concerned heads Phuntsok, a monk from Kirti Monastery grateful to you always and request for and staff members of the exile in Amdo self-immolated himself to your continued support until the issue administration and the general public. demand basic rights for the Tibetans. of Tibet is resolved. Hence everyone must take their due Similarly, on 15 August Tsewang Norbu, Finally, I pray for the long life responsibilities. another young monk from Nyitso of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and As one of the three pillars of Monastery in Kham self-immolated to fulfilment of all his wishes. We would democracy, the parliament would extend express his grievances against the request from the bottom of our hearts to our full support to the 14th Kashag on Chinese rule and to appeal for the continue to provide us with your all issues and especially in the coming restoration of peace and basic rights in blessing and guidance. May the issue session of the parliament, when it has to Tibet. However, the Chinese authorities, of Tibet be resolved soon. push forward many works, including instead of addressing these appeals approving new Kalons and make further have cracked down on the Tibetan 2 September 2011 amendments in the Charter. people. This is the real situation in Tibet The Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile Recently the members of the today under China. 15th parliament visited various We would like to pay our tribute settlements and locality where Tibetans the courage and spirit of the Tibetan

MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 TIBETAN BULLETIN 31 O B I T U A R Y

By Lobsang Choedak

Shrill cries for want of ‘return of His cried for religious freedom and “long meaningful autonomy in the historic Holiness the Dalai Lama to Tibet’ and live the Dalai Lama” before they set area of Tibet. Continuous desperate ‘freedom in Tibet’ were on the lips of themselves on fire. acts of protest also demonstrate that five Tibetan monks before they set These growing acts of the Tibetans determinedly resist the themselves on fire. The Chinese desperation in Tibet, five within a ongoing violations of human rights government’s relentless policy of short span of six months since March and the cultural genocide that is suppression of Tibetans’ genuine this year, have reinforced the grim being carried out in Tibet. Therefore, grievances became the final straw for reality of suppression of the Tibetan the European Union and its Member the four monks, Phuntsok, Tsewang people’s aspiration by the Chinese States should lend their support Norbu, Lobsang Kelsang and government. It sends a strong address the situation of human rights Lobsang Kunchok. Phuntsok, aged message to the Chinese government in Tibet more rigorously with the 21 and Tsewang Norbu, 29, died, that His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s PRC.” while the whereabouts of Lobsang return to Tibet and restoration of The human rights groups Kelsang and Lobsang Kunchok, freedom are the panacea to the Tibet also urged China to end its policy of aged between 18 to 19, and Kelsang problem. This lasting solution could repression and resume talks for a Wangchuk, 17, is still not known. be achieved only through the negotiated solution to the crisis in The policy to suppress the resumption of dialogue between His Tibet. Tibetan people’s genuine aspiration Holiness the Dalai Lama’s The Central Tibetan will continue to backfire in the representatives and Beijing. The new Administration in Dharamsala has unforeseeable future. The Chinese Tibetan leadership in Dharamsala offered its prayers for the soul of the authorities’ brutal crackdown on has offered his olive branch to deceased monks and sends its peaceful protests across Tibet in 2008 Beijing, reaffirming time and again its condolence to the family members. It which left hundreds of Tibetans dead willingness to meet anywhere and strongly urge all Tibetans inside and thousands imprisoned became anywhere. Tibet to follow His Holiness the Dalai the last straw for Phuntsog, the monk Moreover, there was a Lama’s advice and teachings on the of Kirti monastery in northeastern chorus of calls from the international importance of non-violence. May the Tibet’s Amdo province, who killed community to Beijing to address the aspirations of the four monks and himself by immolation on 14 March. Tibetan people’s grievances and countless Tibetans who have Later on 15 August, when India was respect their human rights. In its sacrificed their lives for Tibet’s cause celebrating its freedom and statement on the issue of self- would come true sooner rather than independence from British colonial immolation of Tibetan monks, the US later. rule, Tsewang Norbu, 29, of Nyitso government called on Beijing to It is imperative to reiterate monastery in eastern Tibet, called address policies in Tibetan areas that such precious loss of Tibetan the world’s attention to the lack of that have created tension, and to lives could be prevented only if the freedom to the Tibetan people. Before protect Tibetans’ unique religious, Chinese government addresses the setting himself ablaze, Tsewang cultural and linguistic identity. genuine grievances of the Tibetan Norbu distributed leaflets calling for Voicing similar sentiments, MEP people and resolve the issue of Tibet freedom for Tibet and return of His Ojuland told the European peacefully. Holiness the Dalai Lama to his Parliament said, “such radical form Returning to the negotiating people. Again on 26 September, two of protest illustrates the despair of table for a substantiative talk is need monks of Kirti monastery, Lobsang the Tibetans, who are seeking of the hour. Kelsang and Lobsang Kunchok, freedom of religion as well as

32 TIBETAN BULLETIN MAY - SEPTEMBER 2011 Since the 2008 uprising in Tibet, the situation in Tibet has been deteriorating. Particularly, as of March this year, it has become ever more tense and urgent with the increasing cases of self-immolation by young Tibetans who find China’s occupation and repression of Tibet intolerable. Tibetans in Tibet are driven to these drastic acts to resist political repression, cultural assimilation, economic marginalization and environmental destruction. From the seven young Tibetans who self-immolated this year, the following succumbed to their injuries: On March 16, 2011, Lobsang Phuntsok (age 21), a monk of Kirti Monastery in northeastern Tibet. The second reported case, on August 15, 2011 was that of Tsewang Norbu, (age 29), a monk at Nyitso monastery in eastern Tibet. The third and the fourth cases were Khaying (age 18), and Choephel (age 19), both former monks of Kirti Monastery. They self-immolated on October 7, 2011 and died on October 8 and 11 respectively. The conditions of the three others, namely Lobsang Kelsang (age 18), Lobsang Kunchok (age 19) and Kelsang Wangchuk (age 17) are still unknown. The Central Tibetan Administration is deeply concerned about their whereabouts and well-being. We express our solidarity with all those who lost their lives and with all other Tibetans who are incarcerated for their courage to speak up for the rights of the Tibetan people. We appeal to the United Nations, freedom-loving countries and people around the world to show their support and solidarity with the Tibetan people at this critical stage. Given the undeclared martial law in Tibet and the increasing cases of self-immolation, the international community must press the government of People’s Republic of China to restore freedom and resolve the issue of Tibet through dialogue for the mutual benefit of the Tibetan and Chinese people. In this light, we urge the international community and the media to send fact-finding delegations to ascertain the situation on the ground inside Tibet. The Kashag and the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile have jointly planned activities in India and the world- at-large to highlight the deepening crisis in Tibet. We call upon all Tibetans and Tibet supporters in the free world to join efforts and organize activities in their respective regions. These events must be peaceful, respectful of local laws and dignified. On October 19, 2011, the Central Tibetan Administration will offer day-long prayers and encourage all Tibetans to fast on that day as a gesture of solidarity with Tibetans in Tibet. To our brothers and sisters in Tibet, we stand with you in fulfilling our common aspirations, and we share the pain of your sacrifice.

Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile The Kashag Tibetan Media

tibetan BulletiN Needs yoU Contacts for the Central Tibetan Administration AN APPEAL

Edited by Lobsang Choedak printed and published by the Secretary, Department of Information & International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration, Gangchen Kyishong, Dharamshala-176 215, HP, INDIA Printed at Narthang Press, Gangchen Kyishong, Dharamshala 176 215, HP, INDIA