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Oxidative Stress, Sensorineural Deafness Linked to Advancing Age - Presbycusis: Systematic Review Global Journal of Otolaryngology ISSN 2474-7556 Review Article Glob J Otolaryngol Volume 23 Issue 4- October 2020 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Aliocha Nkodila Natuhoyila DOI: 10.19080/GJO.2020.23.556118 Oxidative Stress, Sensorineural Deafness Linked to Advancing Age - Presbycusis: Systematic Review Sokolo Gedikondele Jérôme1, Longo Mbenza Benjamin1,2,3,4, Lepira Bompeka François1, Mvitu Muaka Moise1, Mambueni Thamba Christophe1, Nkodila Natuhoyila Aliocha4* and Tshibambe Tshiondo Richard5,6 1Faculty of Médecine, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 2Faculty of Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, MTHATHA, South Africa 3Faculty of Médecine, University of President Joseph Kasavubu, Democratic Republic of Congo 4Faculty of Public Health, Lomo University of Research, Democratic Republic of Congo 5National Pilot Institute for Health Sciences Education of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo 6Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Submission: September 22, 2020; Published: October 13, 2020 *Corresponding author: Aliocha Nkodila Natuhoyila, Faculty of Public Health, Lomo University of Research, Democratic Republic of Congo Abstract Background: Oxidative stress in the elderly is a serious problem due to the alteration of the otological system and leads to presbycusis. The aims of this study were to reduce information bias and disseminate the European consensus around oxidative stress in the face of certain controversies around this stress in presbycusis. Methods: a systematic review using the google scholar, Medline, Home Pubmed, Home PMC and DMS / CDC / ONU / STDA engines, provided scientificResults: and informationThis systematic on oxidative review showed stress, deafness that deafness and presbycusis. linked to sound trauma to muscular sound exposure or other loud noises such produced by free radicals during oxidative stress. as gunfire or explosions and to a multifactorial etiology. Aging leads to progressive hearing loss (presbycusis) which is linked to the damage Conclusion: The complexity of the effects of senescence, senility, genetic factors during fetal life, ecotoxic effects and mutations are involved in presbycusis. Keywords: Oxidative stress; Advancement in age; Presbycusis; Free radicals Introduction the typical etiology and physiopathological mechanisms allows better defined as presbycusis in particular [3-8]. Understanding Sensorineural deafness (SNS) linked to advancing age, or a holistic approach to oxidative stress in seniors [9]. Thus, the researchers [1]. Indeed, presbycusis is a hearing disorder that presbycusis, is currently the subject of concern of scientific objective of this systematic review was to reduce information develops by a gradual and constant decrease with advancing bias and disseminate the European consensus around oxidative age or senescence if not natural physiological appearance of the stress in the face of certain controversies around this stress in auditory system after the age of 60 years [2-5]. The decrease presbycusis [1]. in average hearing in the very high frequencies from the age of 25 varies according to individuals from 0.5dB per year and Methods accentuated from 65 years, 1dB from 75 years and 2dB from 85 years old [2]. Biological plausibility has also accumulated Engines including google scholar, Medline, Home Pubmed, Home PMC and DMS / CDC / ONU / STDA, were used to and oxidative stress in deafness associated with advancing age information relating to oxidative (oxidative) stress in general (1) organize scientific and factual information (evidence = Factorial Glob J Otolaryngol 23(4): GJO.MS.ID.556118 (2020) 001 Global Journal of Otolaryngology Epidemiology of deafness keywords: oxidative stress, deafness and presbycusis [10-12]. medicine / Evidence based medicine) around the following The information has been rigorously presented according to the impairment as concepts of severity-progression: less severe following sections: The World Health Organization (WHO) considers hearing disabling hearing loss and deafness, a profound progression A. describe the main reactive radicular or non-radicular from disabling hearing loss [9,14]. Disabling hearing loss forms pro-oxidative species: deafness according to the advancement of age from childhood through adulthood to senescence / senility in the world: disabling a. oxidative stress and mechanisms. b. etiopathogenic form of deafness. [9,14,15] with 60% of cases where 34 million among the 466 hearing loss in children (hearing loss ≥30 dB at tonal audiometry c. physiopathology of presbycusis in chronobiology / Illikibiology. million people in the world including adults (hearing loss ≥40 dB The risk factors for deafness vary according to the clinical B. highlight the gene candidate for presbycusis, oxidative in the better ear) in the world [9,15]. stress and mitochondrial dysfunction: and updated by Joint Committe or Infant Hearing [16,17] a. mitochondrial DNA deletion and mutation and forms and the chronobiology at birth have been clearly defined presbycusis. congenital infections (Rubella, syphilis, CMV, herpes simplex, perinatal hypoxia, hyperbilirubinemia, taking ototoxic drugs by b. animal model of the role of oxidative stress and toxoplasm), chickenpox zoster, HIV, weight<1000g, premature, mitochondrial dysfunction in presbycusis. the pregnant mother, bacterial meningitis, the most common c. preventive approach and action for the late onset of mutation (conferring high risk of congenital deafness and presbycusis: supplementation / diet and / or calorie restriction. the ionic exchanges of the organ of corti [18-20]. perinatal deafness) is that of connexin 26, a protein involved in Results hearing loss related to sound trauma is linked to the professional use of noisy devices, to muscular sound exposure or This review focused on types of sensorineural hearing loss a) including sensorineural presbycusis [4,13]. etiology. to other loud noises such as gunfire or blasts and to a multifactorial Therefore, the results were organized as follows: a. epidemiology and type of presbycusis. b)This presbycusisaging leads isto theprogressive main cause hearing of deafness loss (presbycusis). [21-23]. b. free radicals and oxidative stress. Origin of presbycusis c. oxidative stress around general concepts. Presbycusis is a gradual and insidious hearing loss affecting d. physiopathological mechanisms of oxidative stress. both ears symmetrically, particularly at high frequencies, the effects of which are accentuated in a noisy environment [9,22-27]. e. oxidative stress and sensorineural deafness related to Presbycusis affects more than a third of people aged between 60 age. and 70 in their old age, more than 80% of people over 80 [22- f. antioxidants. 27]. It causes cognitive, social, and physical disorders. Presbycusis is an umbrella term for deafness associated with aging [22-27]. g. clinical, therapeutic implications and public health The origin of presbycusis is multifactorial, and results from the perspectives around presbycusis. physiological aging of the cochlea; In addition, there are additional Presbycusis effects of extrinsic (exposure to noise, ototoxic drugs) and intrinsic Presbycusis has been characterized by the following main etiology of presbycusis is complex, and several factors are involved (systemic diseases and genetic disposition) factors [24,28]. The types: [4]. It is the result of an age-related physiological degeneration a. neurosensory presbycusis in hearing loss involving only of cochlear structures combined with the cumulative effects of the high frequencies. individual environmental, medical, and genetic factors [4]. b. nervous presbycusis leading to a disturbance of the Types of presbycusis thresholds on the acute frequencies and the distinction of Physiologically presbycusis has several types, including the alterations in blood circulation for all frequencies. following: c. Mechanical presbycusis disturbs acute frequencies [13]. sensory presbycusis with impairment in high frequencies a) How to cite this article: Sokolo G J, Longo MB, Lepira B F, Mvitu M M, Mambueni T C, et al. Oxidative Stress, Sensorineural Deafness Linked to 002 Advancing Age - Presbycusis: Systematic Review. Glob J Oto, 2020; 23 (4): 556118 DOI: 10.19080/GJO.2020.23.556118. Global Journal of Otolaryngology secondary to the loss of external cells at the base of the cochlea. reticulum. metabolic or strial presbycusis with plateau deafness cytochrome P450 and b5 in the nucleus (DNA) and endoplasmic at all frequencies and which is the consequence of degenerative Endogenous sources are provided by: b) a. endocochlear potential. damage to the vascular structure (atrophy) with alteration of the b. mitochondria (Biologies), neural presbycusis, secondary to the loss of spiral ganglion cells and which partly explains the disorders of verbal c. phagocyteXanthine oxidase, (Biology), c) discrimination. d. Transition metals, Additive exogenous factors e. Regular exposure to sounds over 85dB which increases the f. Paroxysms (Biology), risk of hearing loss [4, 29-31]. ExogenousInflammation sources are(Biology) provided (Figure by: 1) a. Ototoxic agents, in particular antibiotics, aminoglycosides and cisplatin which damage these same cells. a. the cigarettes, b. b. and tobacco. Industrial chemical agents (toluene, trichlorethylene) c. ionizing radicals (physical), c. Metabolic disorder and immune diseases by progressive d. various pollution (chemical), destruction of vasa nervorum. e. UV radiation
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