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Antonio Del Corro BIBLIOTHECA WIFFENIANA. BIBLIOTHECA WIFFENIANA. SPANISH REFORMERS OF TWO CENTURIES FROM 1520. THEIR LIVES AND WRITINGS, ACCORDING TO THE LATE BENJAMIN B. WIFPEN'S PLAN AND WITH THE USE OF HIS MATERIALS DESCRIBED BY EDWAED BOEHMER. THIRD "VOLUME. STRASSBURG. KARL J. TRUBNER. 1904 Printed in FrancUe's OrpVianlioiiso, Halle o/S, DEDICATED TO FREDERIK SEEBOHM AND JOHANNES MERCK. Wahrend im Riesengetriebe des britischen Reiches in Ansehn als Bankhalter Du wirkst, sinnest Du hoheres Gut. Glaubensgenosse der Seelen, die schlicht sich Freunde benennen, hast Du bedachtig erforscht, trefflich. uns Allen erzahlt wie mit den weisen Gefahrten getreulich Erasmus in Oxford gegen scholastischen Brauch biblisehe Lehre gepflegt. Du, der Hapag Mitleiter, die jetzo der grosseste Reader, tauchst in des Weltschrifttums heiter erfrischendes Bad. LiebevoU suchst Du die Biicher der edlen hispanischen Geister, die des befangeneu Volks herrschender Glaube verfehmt, imd so reihst Du die Perlen in wiirdiger schmuckerer Fassung, Freude dem prtifenden Blick, Zeugen von heiligem Eat. Euch auch fesselte Beide das Werk, das der sorgliche Samraler, ledig des Eisengeschafts, eisernes Fleisses geplant; Ihr unternahmt was bereit nunmehr fiir den Leser hie vorliegt, reichlich ist's Euer, wohlan: nehmt es von dankender Hand. INDEX. Antonio del Corro P. 1 Cipriano de Valera „ 147 Pedro Gal6s „ 175 Melchior Roman „ 185 ANTONIO DEL CORRO. Biblioth. "Wiffen. III. The monks of the order of S. Hieronymus in San Isidro of Seville were induced by one of their number to open their hearts to purer religion, and the evangelical books which came from Geneva and Germany brought about a wonderful reform in the monastery. Worship of saints, fasting, horal prayers, masses for the dead, and other Roman practices were abolished; only the celebration of the daily mass was not discontinued, as this could not be done without drawing all eyes to the things going on at San Isidro. Twelve monks whose con­ sciences could not acquiesce in such hypocrisy left the monastery and Spain in 1557 within a short time, and by different routes succeeded in meeting at Geneva, whither six or seven more from San Isidro followed them. Seven other evangelicals, men and women, had already in 1555 fled from Seville and had arrived in Geneva. Juan Perez, therefore, founded at Geneva a small Spanish congregation with a strong Sevillian element. Together with the absent fugitives, some Isidrians, who remained, appear in the next Sevillian autos, besides one who, on the way from Geneva to England, was caught while embarking from the Netherlands, and was burnt at Seville.^ One of the monks of San Isidro was Antonio del Corro (latinized Corranus), a Sevillian, born in the winter of 1526 — 7, son of a Doctor of Laws. ^ A relative of his was Inquisitor at Seville and was one 1) Gonsalvius, Artes 223f. 243f. Valera, Trat. del Papa, 2d ed. 247 — 248. Cf. my Sp. Rf. II 73f. 2) He matriculated at Oxford Oct. 1. 1586 as Hispalensis LL. D. filius, aged 59. As those entries always state the „ age last birthday" and as he died about March 30. 1591, aged 64, which is certainly counted in the same way, it follows that he was born between beginning of October 1526 and end of March 1527. Hispalensis he calls himself in several publications. Joannes de Pineda, Hispalensis, in a passage (to be quoted below) of his commentary in Ecclesiasten, [mnted Hispali 1619, is sorry that the transfuga Corro was a Hispalensis. Born at Sevil, "Wood, Atli. I 251; born in Seville, Strype, Parker 11481; native of Seville, Strype, Grindal 125. His 1* g ANTONIO DEL COEEO. than twenty months, for, as he confesses, he had recoiled from the afflictions which he foresaw would follow, ^ and had avowed his new convictions to a few persons only,^ certainly to some of his fraternity and probably also to his relative the Inquisitor, who died in his 84'*^ year in July 1556. Far from his country and his relatives and friends, and distressed by several bodily complaints, he writes that, if his life should end before he could explain by speech and writing the reasons for his self-banishment, his death in exile would serve to posterity as a tacit confession of faith.^ Even half a year after his escape, he says, the Inquisitors could hardly believe that he had fled for religion's sake,!** so much was he in vogue.^^ And complaining of the rash judgment of Calvinists against him, he writes to the Bishop of London on July 15. 1568 that even the Spanish Inquisitors had behaved more justly For they, when they had resolved to proceed against him, knew that he had gone to Geneva or Germany ^^ in order to escape from papistry, and that he was, as they said, a Lutheran heretic; nevertheless they re­ garded the proper formalities, and divine and human laws, and for eighteen months summoned him with sound of trumpet and by public placards to answer in person or by proxy. He was burnt in effigy ^^ as a Lutheran on April 26. 1562, together with nine other fugitives of the same monastery among whom were Cassiodoro de Reina and Cipriano de Yalera. By way of Genoa and Savoy he went to Geneva. He was the first of the Isidrians Avho did homage to Calvin. Others of them arrived later by way of Antwerp. Some had celebrated mass on the 7) Letter to the king [LVIII]. 8) Ibid. CV. 9) Ibid. fBVIJf. 10) Ibid. CV. 11) Ibid. Aiiij. 12) a Oeneve ou en Allemaigne. Here Allemaigne means the Bernese terri­ tory which included Lausanne. — The Frenchmen, who in 1552 returning from the University of Lausanne were imprisoned at Lyon, said in the examination: Nous somnies escholiers el venons des Alemagnes. Hist, des martyrs 1582 fol. 204. 13) Corro says in his Epistle to the Augsburg Confessionists §87: les Inquisi- teurs qui nous auront bannys ou bruslex, en effigie, pour desployer leur rage sur la paille et papier, d'autant qu'ilx, ne le peuvent pas executer sur la chair et les OS des menibres de Jesus Christ. ANTONIO DEL CORRO. journey in order to pass unsuspected; Corro maintains that he did not disguise his person or his religion, either then or later. After a short stay at Geneva he went to the academy of Lau­ sanne. ^^ The academy, founded twenty years before, was flourishing as a seminary of evangelical ministers. In 1558 there were about 700 students. Geneva had no such institution as yet. The most renowned professor at Lausanne was Beza. He honoured the Spaniard, who was only 7 years younger, with his friendship. ^^ As for the lectures which Corro attended, we only know that ten years later he asked Beza to get copied for him the -partition methodiqiie of the epistle to the Hebrews, which he had written down according to Beza's exposition, but which had been lost.^^ At Lausanne Corro was one of the twelve pensioners, called escoliers de Messieurs, the Ex- 14) Letter to the king Ciiij: en Italie, Savoye, Alemaigne, France, et -mainte- nant en vostre pais bas. Sire, Je n'ay jamais dissimule ne ma personne, ne ma religion. Alemaigne means here Geneva and Lausanne. Geneva could still be con­ sidered as a free-town of the German empire. The birth of Philipp II, to whom Corro writes this letter, was announced by the Emperor to his Imperial City Geneva. Lausanne belonged, when Corro lived there, to the State of Berne. (That he never was at Zurich is clear from his letter to BuUinger whom he did not know personally.) Cousin's draft of conversations held April 11.—13. 1567: Touchant Belleriue [i. e. Corro] du vieil temps. 11 venoit par Oennes a Geneve, et dautres venoient par Anuers. cestoit pour la Rochelle ayans crainte [.] et par chemin disoyent la messe pour nestre pas pris. II y a enuiron 10 ans. 11 venoit saluer Monsieur Caluin le premier, les autres en furent fasehes [fasches]. Phares dit au marquis quit estoit vng orgueilleux filz de putain publique et dung prestre qui depute fut inquisiteur. Apres peu de tours venoit a Lausanne ou il estudia assex, bien vng an et demy, ou enuiron. escolier de Berenne [Berne]. Phares, whom Cousin calls in the same draft also Pharesius, is the same who is called Francisco Faries in Baptista's lost will 1573 (see below in the life of Valera), Francisco Farias in the Eelaeion on the auto 1562 (Schafer: Beitrage zur Gesch. des spanischen Protestan- tismus 1902 I 453, II 313), in Geneva and London (here above II 73. 171), Franc, de Farias in the list of foreigners in London 1568 (below here). The Eelaeion says: prior que fue del monasterio de st. ysidro. This does not mean that, when he fled, there was already another Prior; Valera says (above I 73) that the Prior fled. The Marquis is Galeazzo Caracciolo, here II 72. As for the uncontrollable gossip on Corro's parents so much is certain, that the man who became Inquisitor after Corro's birth was not that Inquisitor whom Corro venerated as we have told. The same official Relacion calls the heretic: antono del corro. Corro is not mentioned in the list of Spaniards at Geneva, see here II 74. 15) Corro to Beza, Sept. 3. 68. Beza epist. LIX. 16) Corro's letter just referred to. ANTONIO DEL COREO. cellencies of Berne, to whose dominion Lausanne belonged.^^ It must have been highly instructive for Corro to observe at Lausanne the evil consequences of the fatal dissensions among the evangelicals, and the failure of premature formulas of agreement. Beza, on entering office, had signed the articles drawn up at the disputatioti held in Berne in 1528; but in May 1557 he conceded so much, respecting the Lord's Supper to the Lutherans that BuUinger, Zwingli's successor, and the still more Zwinglian Bernese government were moved to indignation, and it was only with difficulty that Calvin, himself dissatisfied, contaived to appease them.
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