The Theology of the Reformers 5 Paige Patterson

THE REFORMATION Southwestern Journal of Theology EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Paige Patterson MANAGING EDITOR W. Madison Grace II BOOK REVIEW EDITOR Joshua E. Williams EDITORIAL BOARD Keith E. Eitel Mark A. Howell Evan Lenow Miles S. Mullin II Steven W. Smith Malcolm B. Yarnell III EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Aaron S. Halstead The Southwestern Journal of Theology is indexed in the ATLA Religion Database, the Southern Baptist Periodical Index, and the Christian Periodical Index. Southwestern Journal of Theology invites English-language submissions of original research in biblical studies, historical theology, systematic theology, ethics, philosophy of religion, homiletics, pastoral ministry, evangelism, missiology, and related fields. Articles submitted for consideration should be neither published nor under review for publication elsewhere. The recommended length of articles is between 5000 and 8000 words. For information on editorial and stylistic requirements, please contact the journal’s Editorial Assistant at journal@ swbts.edu. Articles should be sent to the Managing Editor, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, P.O. Box 22608, Fort Worth, Texas 76122. Books and software for review may be sent to Book Review Editor, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, P.O. Box 22608, Fort Worth, Texas 76122. Please direct subscription correspondence and change of address notices to Editorial Assistant, P.O. Box 22608, Fort Worth, Texas 76122. Change of address notices must include both the old and new addresses. A one-volume subscription in the United States is $30. An international subscription is $52. Southwestern Journal of Theology (ISSN 0038-4828) is published at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas 76122. For the contents of back issues and ordering information please see http://swbts.edu/journal. © 2017 CONTENTS Editorial . 1 The Theology of the Reformers. 5 Paige Patterson The Reformation in Spain in the Sixteenth Century (Part I) . 15 Emilio Monjo Bellido The Reformation in Spain in the Sixteenth Century (Part II) . .33 Emilio Monjo Bellido Was Luther a Bible Critic? . 53 Friedhelm Jung Missiologia Crucis: Martin Luther’s Missiology . .67 J. Tristan Hurley Book Reviews. .83 Abstracts of Recent Dissertations at Southwestern . 121 Index of Book Reviews . 132 Southwestern Journal of Theology • Volume 60 • Number 1 • Fall 2017 Editorial W. Madison Grace II Managing Editor Southwestern Journal of Theology This Fall marks the 500th anniversary of Martin Luther nailing his Ninety-Five Theses to the Castle Church door in Wittenberg on All Hallows’ Eve in 1517. Though the writing of this work was not intended to be world- changing, it marks a major turning point in the life of Luther as a soon-to-be reformer. History looks back to this event as the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. When Luther posted the Ninety-Five Theses, the Roman Catholic Church was engaged in activities that were not benefiting to its members, that were more interested in power and money, and were contrary to the teachings found in Scripture —at least as Luther saw it. There is no doubt that this date is worthy of celebration. By this one act a movement was born, a leader was formed, and European society itself was turned upside down. Of course any student of the Reformation is aware that Luther was not the only reformer during his time, nor did he arrive at his conclusions in a vacuum. He was ministering at a time that was emerging from the medieval period; a time of learning again from the past; a time that was built upon the works of Wycliffe, Hus, and Erasmus; a time shared with other reformers like Ulrich Zwingli, Balthasar Hubmaier, and many others. For those who share in the ideas borne during this era, this date of 31 October 1517 is an important date to remember and celebrate. Among many of those participating in this quincentenary are groups related to Lutheranism and the Reformed traditions but also Baptists. Whether one traces the roots of the Baptists through the Anabaptists of the Reformation or the English Separatists of the next century, there is a solid connection to the doctrines and principles proclaimed in the Reformation. Many Baptists would affirm the Five Solas that encapsulate Reformation teaching: Sola Scriptura, Sola Fide, Sola Gratia, Solus Christus, and Soli Deo Gloria. In fact, the principle of Scripture alone is a consistent doctrine for Baptists throughout their 400-year history. It becomes the reason for separa- tion from the Anglican Church in the seventeenth century and a rallying cry when heterodoxy has pressed in upon the various Baptist groups. Baptists, as a people, have much to be thankful for in the Reformation and the work of the Augustinian monk. 2 EDITORIAL In this issue of the Southwestern Journal of Theology, we are celebrat- ing this important event by publishing a variety of articles related to the Reformation. The first article, The Theology of the Reformers, by Paige Pat- terson, is an excellent introduction to the Reformation in general but also serves as an introduction to this volume in particular. Often when one reads about the Reformation, the usual characters are presented—Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, and John Calvin—however, as important as these men are for the Reformation and Christianity, they are only a part of the movement. Patterson introduces us to other figures in the Reformation that do not often receive any attention. In particular he highlights a group of Anabaptists sometimes known as the Swiss Brethren. These communities are the fore- runners of the Mennonites and embody the principles of the Reformation most holistically of all the major reformers. In highlighting these Anabap- tists, one can find a fuller picture of what was going on in the Reformation, especially in what is now Switzerland and Germany. However, the Reformation was not confined to these locales. We find reform happening in England, Scotland, France, Italy, and even in Spain. The other introduction that Patterson provides in his article is the reform movement that was occurring in the Iberian Peninsula. Here a broad overview of these specific reform movements is presented and sets the stage for the two following articles that are specifically centered on the Reformation in Spain. In these two articles, The Reformation in Spain in the Sixteenth Century (Parts I & II), Emilio Monjo Bellido tells the story of Spanish reformers that, until recently, have not had their story told. In 2009 Dr. Monjo travelled to Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary to present two lectures on the Reformation in Spain. These lectures were translated by Southwestern’s own Daniel Sanchez and are presented here for publication for the first time. In these two articles Dr. Monjo takes his readers into the time of the Reforma- tion in Spain for a few important men that were championing the tenets of the Reformation—especially Sola Scriptura—in their home. These articles provide us with an insiders look at voices in Spain who were willing to stand for the Word of God and suffer the consequences of questioning the Church. The final two essays in this volume are related to Martin Luther in particular. There is much one could question about Luther, for though he was a bold and zealous character, he too was a man—and as such errant. Friedhelm Jung raises that question in his article, Was Luther a Bible Critic? Jung will tackle the question of how and to what degree Luther engaged in biblical criticism. If we are to celebrate Luther, should we celebrate the way he read the Bible as well? This, and other similar questions, are addressed in Jung’s article. Finally, J. Tristan Hurley raises the question of missions with his article, Missiologica Crucis: Martin Luther’s Missiology. Hurley engages missiolo- gists who query, If Martin Luther was concerned about the Bible, then why did he not send out missionaries to the uttermost parts of the globe? Hurley EDITORIAL 3 looks into the life and teaching of Martin Luther to discover if there was a missiological impulse in the great reformer. As we celebrate the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, may we celebrate Luther, Calvin, and the other great reformers. May we also look deeper into this time period and learn from those who have been marginal- ized by history but who have also stood their ground in their places for the principles of the Reformation, principles that are grounded in God’s Word. Southwestern Journal of Theology • Volume 60 • Number 1 • Fall 2017 The Theology of the Reformers Paige Patterson President Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary [email protected] A Sunday afternoon stroll through the park in Worms, Germany, will arrest the unsuspecting tourist when confronted with the large monument of Martin Luther—Bible in hand and the resolution of a Reformer sketched on his face. This towering Augustinian monk is not alone. On the fringes of the Lutherdenkmal stand Frederick the Wise of Saxony and Philip of Hesse, supporting political cast for the Reformation. On the far corners are Philipp Melanchthon and Johannes Reuchlin, prominent scholars linking the Reformation to the Renaissance in Europe. Closest to Luther sit the four progenitors of the Reformation—Peter Waldo, Jan Hus, John Wycliffe, and Girolamo Savonarola. Designed in 1868 by Ernst Friedrich August Rietschel, who died be- fore its actual construction, the memorial reveals that the artist of Saxony understood two salient truths about the Reformation. The first insight is that the Reformation of the fifteenth century was far broader in its scope than the average man on the street in Europe has ever comprehended and in America is as illusive as the Loch Ness Monster. Religious roots for the Reformation spread like tentacles for at least 200 years prior to the Reformation’s formal inauguration, and many would argue for even greater antiquity as observed, for example, in the work of Vigilantius of Leon in the Pyrenees.1 The Renaissance is often paired with the Reformation, and for good cause, since the two are linked together as a steam engine to a coal car.

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