DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogenetics of the Florally Diverse Andean Clade Iochrominae (Solanaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogenetics of the Florally Diverse Andean Clade Iochrominae (Solanaceae) University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences Papers in the Biological Sciences 2006 Phylogenetics of the Florally Diverse Andean Clade Iochrominae (Solanaceae) Stacey DeWitt Smith University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] David A. Baum University of Wisconsin - Madison Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscifacpub Part of the Life Sciences Commons Smith, Stacey DeWitt and Baum, David A., "Phylogenetics of the Florally Diverse Andean Clade Iochrominae (Solanaceae)" (2006). Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences. 109. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscifacpub/109 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. American Journal of Botany 93(8): 1140–1153. 2006. PHYLOGENETICS OF THE FLORALLY DIVERSE ANDEAN CLADE IOCHROMINAE (SOLANACEAE)1 STACEY DEWITT SMITH2,3 AND DAVID A. BAUM2 2Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of Solanaceae have identified many well-supported clades within the family and have permitted the creation of a phylogenetic system of classification. Here we estimate the phylogeny for Iochrominae, a clade of Physaleae sensu Olmstead et al. (1999), which contains 34 Andean species encompassing an immense diversity of floral forms and colors. Using three nuclear regions, ITS, the second intron of LEAFY, and exons 2 to 9 of the granule-bound starch synthase gene (waxy), we evaluated the monophyly of the traditional genera comprising Iochrominae and assessed the extent of interspecific hybridization within the clade. Only one of the six traditionally recognized genera of Iochrominae was supported as monophyletic. Further, comparison of the individual nuclear data sets revealed two interspecific hybrid taxa and a third possible case. These hybrid taxa occur in the Amotape–Huancabamba zone, a region between the northern and central Andes that has the greatest diversity of Iochroma species and offers frequent opportunities for hybridization in areas of sympatry. We postulate that periodic hybridization events in this area coupled with pollinator-mediated selection and the potential for microallopatry may have acted together to promote diversification in montane Andean taxa, such as Iochrominae. Key words: floral evolution; granule-bound starch synthase; interspecific hybridization; LEAFY; phylogeny; pollination; reticulate evolution; speciation. The tropical Andes comprise the pre-eminent hotspot of e.g., hummingbirds (Bleiweiss, 1998), may explain the plant biodiversity, with approximately 15% of all plant species ‘‘explosive’’ speciation seen in some Andean groups (Gentry, native to that region (Myers et al., 2000). Many plant families, 1982; Luteyn, 2002). Here we investigate the phylogenetic though cosmopolitan, have centers of diversity in western history of Iochrominae, a group of Andean Solanaceae, which South America, for example, Ericaceae, Orchidaceae, and have radiated in floral morphology and pollination system Solanaceae (Dressler, 1981; D’Arcy, 1991; Luteyn, 2002). An (Cocucci, 1999) and which may serve as a model system for important contributor to the origin of this diversity is the other Andean radiations. topological and environmental variation resulting from the Recent phylogenetic analyses using plastid genes have uplift of the Andes (Gentry, 1982; Hooghiemstra et al., 2002). greatly clarified relationships within Solanaceae and allowed Phylogenetic studies support an association between the for the creation of a phylogenetic system of classification diversification of Andean plants (von Hagen and Kadereit, (Olmstead and Sweere, 1994; Olmstead et al., 1999; Martins 2003; Kay et al., 2005) and animals (Patton and Smith, 1992; and Barkman, 2005; Olmstead et al., University of Wash- Bates and Zink, 1994; Brower, 1994) and the major episodes of ington, personal communication). Iochrominae sensu Olmstead Andean uplift, beginning in the early Miocene (ca. 20 mya) and et al. (1999) is a clade of Physaleae comprising around 34 ending in the Pliocene (ca. 3 mya) (Hoorn et al., 1995; mainly Andean species traditionally assigned to six genera: Hooghiemstra and van der Hammen, 1998). Indeed, the Acnistus Schott, Dunalia H.B.K, Eriolarynx (Hunz.) Hunz., parallel invasions of higher elevations by numerous plant Iochroma Benth., Saracha R. and P., and Vassobia Rusby groups and the coincident radiations of pollinating animals, (Table 1). In the Olmstead et al. (1999; R. G. Olmstead, University of Washington, unpublished manuscript) scheme, 1 Manuscript received 7 December 2005; revision accepted 1 May 2006. Iochrominae together with Physalinae and Withaninae form the The authors thank S. Hall, O. Jadan, D. Neill, C. Padilla, W. Quizhpe, large clade Physaleae, which is sister to Capsiceae. Although A. Rodriguez, H. Vargas, V. Zak and in particular, S. Leiva G., for the phylogenetic classification was not accompanied by assistance during fieldwork and plant collection; N. W. Sawyer for a morphological reassessment, Iochrominae can be distin- determinations of Cuatresia and Larnax; M. Nee for determinations of guished from other subtribes in Physaleae by the fact that they Lycianthes and Capsicum; S. Keel for determination of Salpichroa;D.G. are all woody shrubs or small trees and often have showy Howarth for advice with LFY; R. G. Olmstead for providing DNA of Leucophysalis grandiflora and Tubocapsicum anomalum; L. Bohs for tubular flowers. In a recent morphological phylogenetic material of Dunalia brachyacantha, Saracha punctata, and Acnistus analysis (Sawyer, 2005), all Iochrominae genera except one, arborescens; G. van der Weerden for material of E. lorentzii; A. Tye for Acnistus, were found to be monophyletic, united most notably help in obtaining samples of I. ellipticum; P. E. Berry, L. Bohs, J. W. by the rounded-mucronate shape of the fruiting calyx margin Boughman, N. I. Cacho, M. Nee, R. G. Olmstead, D. M. Spooner, K. J. and the presence of sclerosomes in the fruit wall. Sytsma, and T. J. Theim for helpful discussion; two anonymous reviewers Although it contains only one-third the number of species in for useful comments; B. Larget for advice regarding Bayesian analyses; K. its probable sister group Physalinae, Iochrominae boasts Elliot for assistance with illustrations; and R. A. Smith for editing. Finally, a greater floral diversity, spanning all major flower colors the authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation grant DEB-0309310, the University of Wisconsin chapter of and forms found in the entire Solanaceae. Iochrominae flowers Graduate Women in Science, the Marie Christine Kohler Fellowship, the may be red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, or white, and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, the University of Wisconsin the corolla varies from rotate to tubular, with over eight-fold Tinker-Nave Fund, and the O. N. Allen Memorial Fund. variation in tube length across species (Shaw, 1998; Hunziker, 3 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) 2001; Table 1). In contrast, a vast majority of taxa within 1140 August 2006] SMITH AND BAUM—PHYLOGENETICS OF IOCHROMINAE 1141 TABLE 1. Summary information for genera of Iochrominae. Number of species is from recent treatments and descriptions (Acnistus [Hunziker, 1982], Eriolarynx [Hunziker, 2000, 2001], Dunalia [Hunziker, 1960, 2001], Iochroma [Leiva, 1995; Leiva et al., 1998, 2003; Shaw, 1998], Saracha [Alvarez, 1996], Vassobia [Hunziker, 1984, 2001]). Genus No. species No. sampled Distribution Elevation (m a.s.l.) Distinctive features Acnistus 1 1 Southern Mexico, Central America, the 300–2000 Campanulate or funnel-shaped fragrant flowers; Caribbean, northern South America valvate bud aestivation; triangular corolla lobes; and eastern Brazil green markings inside corolla lobes; edible fruit Dunalia 5 5 Colombia to Argentina 1600–3700 Often spiny; a few dioecious or gynodioecious; tubular flowers with wing-like appendages of stapet (filament base) Eriolarynx 3 2 Bolivia and Argentina 1000–3000 Rotate or campanulate flowers with a dense ring of trichomes at base of corolla tube; stapet with small projections (‘‘auricles’’) Iochroma 21 þ 3 21 þ 3 Colombia to Peru, with one species 1100–3500 Tubular, often colorful flowers, with inflated calyces in undescribed taxa undescribed taxa in the Galapagos* some species Saracha 2 2 Venezuela to Bolivia 2700–4500 Occasionally spiny; coriaceous to subcoriaceous leaves; campanulate or funnel-shaped flowers; pyrenes in fruit Vassobia 2 2 Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, 300–2700 One spiny; campanulate flowers mostly glabrous; Uruguay and Brazil stapet with auricles Note: *The range for Iochroma excludes the two southern Andean species shown in this study not to belong in Iochroma. Physalinae, Withaninae, and Capsiceae have small, white or specific and generic relationships in Solanaceae (e.g., Marshall yellow, rotate flowers, and there are no instances of long, et al., 2001; Peralta and Spooner, 2001; Whitson and Manos, tubular, red or purple corollas in these three clades. Thus, the 2005). LFY introns are increasingly utilized for resolving brightly colored tubular flowers likely represent a derived interspecific
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecological Correlates of Ghost Lineages in Ruminants
    Paleobiology, 38(1), 2012, pp. 101–111 Ecological correlates of ghost lineages in ruminants Juan L. Cantalapiedra, Manuel Herna´ndez Ferna´ndez, Gema M. Alcalde, Beatriz Azanza, Daniel DeMiguel, and Jorge Morales Abstract.—Integration between phylogenetic systematics and paleontological data has proved to be an effective method for identifying periods that lack fossil evidence in the evolutionary history of clades. In this study we aim to analyze whether there is any correlation between various ecomorphological variables and the duration of these underrepresented portions of lineages, which we call ghost lineages for simplicity, in ruminants. Analyses within phylogenetic (Generalized Estimating Equations) and non-phylogenetic (ANOVAs and Pearson correlations) frameworks were performed on the whole phylogeny of this suborder of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia). This is the first time ghost lineages are focused in this way. To test the robustness of our data, we compared the magnitude of ghost lineages among different continents and among phylogenies pruned at different ages (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 Ma). Differences in mean ghost lineage were not significantly related to either geographic or temporal factors. Our results indicate that the proportion of the known fossil record in ruminants appears to be influenced by the preservation potential of the bone remains in different environments. Furthermore, large geographical ranges of species increase the likelihood of preservation. Juan L. Cantalapiedra, Gema Alcalde, and Jorge Morales. Departamento de Paleobiologı´a, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, UCM-CSIC, Pinar 25, 28006 Madrid, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] Manuel Herna´ndez Ferna´ndez. Departamento de Paleontologı´a, Facultad de Ciencias Geolo´gicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid y Departamento de Cambio Medioambiental, Instituto de Geociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas, Jose´ Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain Daniel DeMiguel.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture Notes: the Mathematics of Phylogenetics
    Lecture Notes: The Mathematics of Phylogenetics Elizabeth S. Allman, John A. Rhodes IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute June-July, 2005 University of Alaska Fairbanks Spring 2009, 2012, 2016 c 2005, Elizabeth S. Allman and John A. Rhodes ii Contents 1 Sequences and Molecular Evolution 3 1.1 DNA structure . .4 1.2 Mutations . .5 1.3 Aligned Orthologous Sequences . .7 2 Combinatorics of Trees I 9 2.1 Graphs and Trees . .9 2.2 Counting Binary Trees . 14 2.3 Metric Trees . 15 2.4 Ultrametric Trees and Molecular Clocks . 17 2.5 Rooting Trees with Outgroups . 18 2.6 Newick Notation . 19 2.7 Exercises . 20 3 Parsimony 25 3.1 The Parsimony Criterion . 25 3.2 The Fitch-Hartigan Algorithm . 28 3.3 Informative Characters . 33 3.4 Complexity . 35 3.5 Weighted Parsimony . 36 3.6 Recovering Minimal Extensions . 38 3.7 Further Issues . 39 3.8 Exercises . 40 4 Combinatorics of Trees II 45 4.1 Splits and Clades . 45 4.2 Refinements and Consensus Trees . 49 4.3 Quartets . 52 4.4 Supertrees . 53 4.5 Final Comments . 54 4.6 Exercises . 55 iii iv CONTENTS 5 Distance Methods 57 5.1 Dissimilarity Measures . 57 5.2 An Algorithmic Construction: UPGMA . 60 5.3 Unequal Branch Lengths . 62 5.4 The Four-point Condition . 66 5.5 The Neighbor Joining Algorithm . 70 5.6 Additional Comments . 72 5.7 Exercises . 73 6 Probabilistic Models of DNA Mutation 81 6.1 A first example . 81 6.2 Markov Models on Trees . 87 6.3 Jukes-Cantor and Kimura Models .
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of a Rapidly Evolving Clade: the Cichlid Fishes of Lake Malawi
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 96, pp. 5107–5110, April 1999 Evolution Phylogeny of a rapidly evolving clade: The cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi, East Africa (adaptive radiationysexual selectionyspeciationyamplified fragment length polymorphismylineage sorting) R. C. ALBERTSON,J.A.MARKERT,P.D.DANLEY, AND T. D. KOCHER† Department of Zoology and Program in Genetics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 Communicated by John C. Avise, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, March 12, 1999 (received for review December 17, 1998) ABSTRACT Lake Malawi contains a flock of >500 spe- sponsible for speciation, then we expect that sister taxa will cies of cichlid fish that have evolved from a common ancestor frequently differ in color pattern but not morphology. within the last million years. The rapid diversification of this Most attempts to determine the relationships among cichlid group has been attributed to morphological adaptation and to species have used morphological characters, which may be sexual selection, but the relative timing and importance of prone to convergence (8). Molecular sequences normally these mechanisms is not known. A phylogeny of the group provide the independent estimate of phylogeny needed to infer would help identify the role each mechanism has played in the evolutionary mechanisms. The Lake Malawi cichlids, however, evolution of the flock. Previous attempts to reconstruct the are speciating faster than alleles can become fixed within a relationships among these taxa using molecular methods have species (9, 10). The coalescence of mtDNA haplotypes found been frustrated by the persistence of ancestral polymorphisms within populations predates the origin of many species (11). In within species.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Physalis Longifolia in the U.S
    The Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Wild Tomatillos, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and Related Physalis Species: A Review1 ,2 3 2 2 KELLY KINDSCHER* ,QUINN LONG ,STEVE CORBETT ,KIRSTEN BOSNAK , 2 4 5 HILLARY LORING ,MARK COHEN , AND BARBARA N. TIMMERMANN 2Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 3Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA 4Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA 5Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] The Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Wild Tomatillos, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and Related Physalis Species: A Review. The wild tomatillo, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and related species have been important wild-harvested foods and medicinal plants. This paper reviews their traditional use as food and medicine; it also discusses taxonomic difficulties and provides information on recent medicinal chemistry discoveries within this and related species. Subtle morphological differences recognized by taxonomists to distinguish this species from closely related taxa can be confusing to botanists and ethnobotanists, and many of these differences are not considered to be important by indigenous people. Therefore, the food and medicinal uses reported here include information for P. longifolia, as well as uses for several related taxa found north of Mexico. The importance of wild Physalis species as food is reported by many tribes, and its long history of use is evidenced by frequent discovery in archaeological sites. These plants may have been cultivated, or “tended,” by Pueblo farmers and other tribes. The importance of this plant as medicine is made evident through its historical ethnobotanical use, information in recent literature on Physalis species pharmacology, and our Native Medicinal Plant Research Program’s recent discovery of 14 new natural products, some of which have potent anti-cancer activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Clades of Agaricales: a Multilocus Phylogenetic Overview
    Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 982–995. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview P. Brandon Matheny1 Duur K. Aanen Judd M. Curtis Laboratory of Genetics, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD, Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Wageningen, The Netherlands Worcester, Massachusetts, 01610 Matthew DeNitis Vale´rie Hofstetter 127 Harrington Way, Worcester, Massachusetts 01604 Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Graciela M. Daniele Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologı´a Vegetal, M. Catherine Aime CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Co´rdoba, Casilla USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology de Correo 495, 5000 Co´rdoba, Argentina Laboratory, Room 304, Building 011A, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350 Dennis E. Desjardin Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Jean-Marc Moncalvo San Francisco, California 94132 Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum and Department of Botany, University Bradley R. Kropp of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6 Canada Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 Zai-Wei Ge Zhu-Liang Yang Lorelei L. Norvell Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, 6720 NW Skyline Sciences, Kunming 650204, P.R. China Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97229-1309 Jason C. Slot Andrew Parker Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, 127 Raven Way, Metaline Falls, Washington 99153- Worcester, Massachusetts, 01609 9720 Joseph F. Ammirati Else C. Vellinga University of Washington, Biology Department, Box Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102 Timothy J.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Comparative Methods: a User's Guide for Paleontologists
    Phylogenetic Comparative Methods: A User’s Guide for Paleontologists Laura C. Soul - Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA David F. Wright - Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024, USA and Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA Abstract. Recent advances in statistical approaches called Phylogenetic Comparative Methods (PCMs) have provided paleontologists with a powerful set of analytical tools for investigating evolutionary tempo and mode in fossil lineages. However, attempts to integrate PCMs with fossil data often present workers with practical challenges or unfamiliar literature. In this paper, we present guides to the theory behind, and application of, PCMs with fossil taxa. Based on an empirical dataset of Paleozoic crinoids, we present example analyses to illustrate common applications of PCMs to fossil data, including investigating patterns of correlated trait evolution, and macroevolutionary models of morphological change. We emphasize the importance of accounting for sources of uncertainty, and discuss how to evaluate model fit and adequacy. Finally, we discuss several promising methods for modelling heterogenous evolutionary dynamics with fossil phylogenies. Integrating phylogeny-based approaches with the fossil record provides a rigorous, quantitative perspective to understanding key patterns in the history of life. 1. Introduction A fundamental prediction of biological evolution is that a species will most commonly share many characteristics with lineages from which it has recently diverged, and fewer characteristics with lineages from which it diverged further in the past. This principle, which results from descent with modification, is one of the most basic in biology (Darwin 1859).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of the Andean Genus Deprea (Physalideae, Solanaceae): Testing the Generic Circumscription
    Phytotaxa 238 (1): 071–081 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.3 Phylogeny of the Andean genus Deprea (Physalideae, Solanaceae): testing the generic circumscription CAROLINA CARRIZO GARCÍA 1, GREG WAHLERT 2, CLARA INÉS OROZCO 3, GLORIA E. BARBOZA 1,4* & LYNN BOHS 2* 1 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba, Argentina 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, 201 South Biology, Salt Lake City, USA 84112 3 Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Entrada Calle 53, Bogotá, Colombia; A. A.7495 4 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Córdoba, Argentina * Corresponding authors: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Deprea (Solanaceae) is a small South American genus of 10 species occurring in Andean areas from Venezuela to Bolivia. The circumscription of Deprea has been repeatedly modified in recent years, with new species being described and others transferred into or out of the genus. The relationships of Deprea to other genera of Solanaceae are still poorly understood, although it seems to be closely related to Larnax. A phylogenetic analysis was performed to test the monophyly of Deprea. Sequences from three molecular markers (nuclear ITS and waxy and chloroplast psbA-trnH) were analyzed by parsimony and Bayesian methods. All the species of Deprea and Larnax sampled were intermixed in a strongly supported clade in the consensus trees, and therefore the currently recognized Deprea species do not form a monophyletic group.
    [Show full text]
  • 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(10), 1123-1133
    ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(10), 1123-1133 Journal Homepage: -www.journalijar.com Article DOI:10.21474/IJAR01/7916 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/7916 RESEARCH ARTICLE MOLECULAR SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF TWO SOLANACEOUS GENERA DATURA L. AND BRUGMANSIA PERS. BASED ON ITS SEQUENCES OF NRDNA. Dhanya C.1, Shabir A. Rather2 and Devipriya V3. 1. Research & PG Department of Botany, SN College, Kollam, Kerala, South India, 2. Department of Botany, Delhi University, New Delhi, India, 3. Department of Botany, SN College, Chempazhanthy, Kerala, South India. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on ITS 1 and 2 sequences to Received: 13 August 2018 determine monophyly of Datura and Brugmansia and to understand Final Accepted: 15 September 2018 their relationships. The results support the splitting of Datura and Published: October 2018 Brugmansia into two distinct genera (BS 100 & 91). D. ceratocaula earlier considered as the connecting link between the two genera, is nested within the Datura clade (BS 57) as a distinct species. Although the three conventional sections of Datura viz. Dutra, Ceratocaulis & Datura (Stramonium) stand well supported (BS 100, 100 & 83), D. kymatocarpa, D. leichhardtii and D. pruinosa appear shifted from Section Dutra to Section Datura, corroborating earlier observations. D. discolor remains nested within the Section Dutra, refuting earlier suggestions as intermediary or ancestral role. But the divergence of D. discolor from the remaining taxa within the section Dutra as a clearly supported subclade (BS 100) may be suggestive of the subdivision of Section Dutra into two subsections. This subdivision of section Dutra however remains to be appraised using cladistical studies incorporating both molecular and morphological data.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Tetrapod Relationships Revisited
    Biol. Rev. (2003), 78, pp. 251–345. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 251 DOI: 10.1017/S1464793102006103 Printed in the United Kingdom Early tetrapod relationships revisited MARCELLO RUTA1*, MICHAEL I. COATES1 and DONALD L. J. QUICKE2 1 The Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-1508, USA ([email protected]; [email protected]) 2 Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL57PY, UK and Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK ([email protected]) (Received 29 November 2001; revised 28 August 2002; accepted 2 September 2002) ABSTRACT In an attempt to investigate differences between the most widely discussed hypotheses of early tetrapod relation- ships, we assembled a new data matrix including 90 taxa coded for 319 cranial and postcranial characters. We have incorporated, where possible, original observations of numerous taxa spread throughout the major tetrapod clades. A stem-based (total-group) definition of Tetrapoda is preferred over apomorphy- and node-based (crown-group) definitions. This definition is operational, since it is based on a formal character analysis. A PAUP* search using a recently implemented version of the parsimony ratchet method yields 64 shortest trees. Differ- ences between these trees concern: (1) the internal relationships of aı¨stopods, the three selected species of which form a trichotomy; (2) the internal relationships of embolomeres, with Archeria
    [Show full text]
  • A Família Solanaceae Juss. No Município De Vitória Da Conquista
    Paubrasilia Artigo Original doi: 10.33447/paubrasilia.2021.e0049 2021;4:e0049 A família Solanaceae Juss. no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil The family Solanaceae Juss. in the municipality of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil Jerlane Nascimento Moura1 & Claudenir Simões Caires 1 1. Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste Resumo da Bahia, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil Solanaceae é uma das maiores famílias de plantas vasculares, com 100 gêneros e ca. de 2.500 espécies, com distribuição subcosmopolita e maior diversidade na região Neotropical. Este trabalho realizou um levantamento florístico das espécies de Palavras-chave Solanales. Taxonomia. Florística. Solanaceae no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, em área ecotonal entre Nordeste. Caatinga e Mata Atlântica. Foram realizadas coletas semanais de agosto/2019 a março/2020, totalizando 30 espécimes, depositados nos herbários HUESBVC e HVC. Keywords Solanales. Taxonomy. Floristics. Foram registradas 19 espécies, distribuídas em nove gêneros: Brunfelsia (2 spp.), Northeast. Capsicum (1 sp.), Cestrum (1 sp.), Datura (1 sp.), Iochroma (1 sp.) Nicandra (1 sp.), Nicotiana (1 sp.), Physalis (1 sp.) e Solanum (10 spp.). Dentre as espécies coletadas, cinco são endêmicas para o Brasil e 11 foram novos registros para o município. Nossos resultados demonstram que Solanaceae é uma família de elevada riqueza de espécies no município, contribuindo para o conhecimento da flora local. Abstract Solanaceae is one of the largest families of vascular plants, with 100 genera and ca. 2,500 species, with subcosmopolitan distribution and greater diversity in the Neotropical region. This work carried out a floristic survey of Solanaceae species in the municipality of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, in an ecotonal area between Caatinga and Atlantic Forest.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae
    TAXON 57 (4) • November 2008: 1159–1181 Olmstead & al. • Molecular phylogeny of Solanaceae MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae Richard G. Olmstead1*, Lynn Bohs2, Hala Abdel Migid1,3, Eugenio Santiago-Valentin1,4, Vicente F. Garcia1,5 & Sarah M. Collier1,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. *olmstead@ u.washington.edu (author for correspondence) 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. 3 Present address: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 Present address: Jardin Botanico de Puerto Rico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Apartado Postal 364984, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico 5 Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 6 Present address: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. A phylogeny of Solanaceae is presented based on the chloroplast DNA regions ndhF and trnLF. With 89 genera and 190 species included, this represents a nearly comprehensive genus-level sampling and provides a framework phylogeny for the entire family that helps integrate many previously-published phylogenetic studies within So- lanaceae. The four genera comprising the family Goetzeaceae and the monotypic families Duckeodendraceae, Nolanaceae, and Sclerophylaceae, often recognized in traditional classifications, are shown to be included in Solanaceae. The current results corroborate previous studies that identify a monophyletic subfamily Solanoideae and the more inclusive “x = 12” clade, which includes Nicotiana and the Australian tribe Anthocercideae. These results also provide greater resolution among lineages within Solanoideae, confirming Jaltomata as sister to Solanum and identifying a clade comprised primarily of tribes Capsiceae (Capsicum and Lycianthes) and Physaleae.
    [Show full text]
  • Color by Numbers: Nuclear Gene Phylogeny of Jaltomata (Solanaceae), Sister Genus to Solanum, Supports Three Clades Differing in Fruit Color Author(S) :Ryan J
    Color by Numbers: Nuclear Gene Phylogeny of Jaltomata (Solanaceae), Sister Genus to Solanum, Supports Three Clades Differing in Fruit Color Author(s) :Ryan J. Miller, Thomas Mione, Hanh-La Phan, and Richard G. Olmstead Source: Systematic Botany, 36(1):153-162. 2011. Published By: The American Society of Plant Taxonomists URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1600/036364411X553243 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. PersonIdentityServiceImpl Systematic Botany (2011), 36(1): pp. 153–162 © Copyright 2011 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364411X553243 Color by Numbers: Nuclear Gene Phylogeny of Jaltomata (Solanaceae), Sister Genus to Solanum , Supports Three Clades Differing in Fruit Color Ryan J. Miller , 1 Thomas Mione , 2, 3 Hanh-La Phan , 1 and Richard G. Olmstead 1 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 355325, Seattle, Washington 98915-5325 U.
    [Show full text]