Triagem Virtual De Metabólitos Secundários Com Potencial Atividade Antimicrobiana Do Gênero Solanum E Estudo Fitoquimico De Solanum Capsicoides All

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Triagem Virtual De Metabólitos Secundários Com Potencial Atividade Antimicrobiana Do Gênero Solanum E Estudo Fitoquimico De Solanum Capsicoides All UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIENCIAS DA SÁUDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM PRODUTOS NATURAIS E SINTÉTICOS BIOATIVOS RENATA PRISCILA COSTA BARROS Triagem Virtual de Metabólitos Secundários com Potencial Atividade Antimicrobiana do Gênero Solanum e Estudo Fitoquimico de Solanum capsicoides All. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Emidio Vasconcelos Leitão da Cunha Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcus Tullius Scotti Área de concentração: Farmacoquímica João Pessoa, 2017 RENATA PRISCILA COSTA BARROS Triagem Virtual de Metabólitos Secundários com Potencial Atividade Antimicrobiana do Gênero Solanum e Estudo Fitoquimico de Solanum capsicoides All. Dissertação de Mestrado do Programa de Pós- graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos da UFPB, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, na área de concentração: Farmacoquímica Orientador: Prof. Dr. Emidio Vasconcelos Leitão da Cunha Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcus Tullius Scotti Área de concentração: Farmacoquímica João Pessoa, 2017 A Ele que é a razão da minha existência, o ar que eu respiro e o principal responsável pelas minhas conquistas... Dedico a Deus, o Senhor Soberano de todo o universo! “Como é precioso o teu amor ó Deus! ” Salmos 36:7a AGRADECIMENTOS Não há palavras que me ajudem a descrever a minha gratidão a Deus, meu Senhor, por mais uma etapa concluída em minha vida. Te agradeço, Senhor, por tudo que me ensinaste nessa caminhada, as experiências vividas, o amadurecimento, pelo Teu infinito amor e maravilhosa graça que torna tudo possível. Meu infinito agradecimento à minha família, especialmente aos meus pais e meus irmãos, por todo amor demonstrado por eles de maneira incondicional, que me fez entender o verdadeiro significado de família, servindo como base para a formação do meu caráter. Meu muito obrigada a Anderson Sales, meu amor, por todo incentivo que me deste, não me deixando desistir nunca dos meus sonhos e objetivos, obrigada pelo amor, companheirismo, carinho, amizade. Você é fundamental na minha vida! Obrigado Prof. Dr. Emidio Vasconcelos Leitão da Cunha, meu orientador, por ter me oferecido importante suporte, além da dedicação e apoio para o desenvolvimento e conclusão deste trabalho. Ao professor Prof. Dr. Marcus Tullius Scotti, é claro, que acreditou em meu potencial de uma forma que eu não acreditava ser capaz de corresponder. Sempre disponível e disposto a ajudar, querendo que eu aproveitasse cada segundo dentro do mestrado para absorver algum tipo de conhecimento. Me fez enxergar que existe times de futebol e existe o Palmeiras... O senhor foi um grande mestre e será, sempre, uma referência profissional para o meu crescimento. À Profa. Dr. Maria de Fátima Vanderlei de Souza, muito obrigada pela ajuda, ensinamentos, orientações e contribuições. Agradeço também aos amigos que fiz aqui: Diégina Fernandes, Sallett Rocha e Amanda Brás. Vocês foram fundamentais para tornar essa caminhada mais divertida e mais fácil. Lembrarei com carinho todas as vezes que estudamos, rimos, sofremos no labotrátorio... Muito obrigada por todo conhecimento compartilhado. Agradeço a Deus por ter colocado pessoas tão especiais na minha vida. Muito obrigada às meninas do laboratório de Fitoquímica, Denise Leite, Mikaelly Oliveira e Milen Souza, por estarem sempre dispostas a ajudar, ensinar e aconselhar. Agradeço demais pela amizade de vocês. Muito obrigada também ao pessoal do laboratório de Quimioinformática pelas conversas, risadas, ajudas e companheirismo. À Prof. Dra. Raïssa Mayer Ramalho Catão, pela ajuda, ensinamentos, orientações e contribuições para essa pesquisa. Por me receber em seu laboratório de portas abertas e sempre estar à disposição, respondendo minhas dúvidas e me ensinando. Sou grata à Wilma Rocha, pela grande ajuda que me deu em toda a parte experimental microbiológica deste trabalho, pela troca de conhecimento, pela amizade e por todo incentivo. Um agradecimento especial ao Prof. Dr. Raimundo Braz Filho, por gentilmente ter aceitado auxiliar de uma forma bastante construtiva essa pesquisa. Aos amigos de longa data, Ízola Ramalho e Vannuty Dorneles, mais que amigos, irmãos. Muito obrigado por estarem sempre junto, apesar da distância, pela amizade que ajuda a dividir problemas e somar as alegrias. RESUMO O ser humano possui uma vasta flora bacteriana que é comensal, mas quando essas bactérias, a princípio de caráter comensal, passam a fazer parte de outro sítio que não o seu natural, podem causar graves patogenias. Pesquisas que se fundamentam na busca por novos medicamentos a partir de plantas ou no melhoramento de fitoterápicos já existentes vem se destacando e continuam a desempenhar um papel importante nos dias de hoje. Nessa perspectiva objetivou-se realizar um estudo fitoquímico dos frutos de Solanum capsicoides All. para isolar e caracterizar substâncias químicas desta espécie e, utilizando estudos in silico, realizar investigações de novas moléculas potencialmente ativas para Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA) e Escherichia coli, utilizando um banco de dados criado com metabólitos secundários isolados do gênero Solanum. O estudo fitoquímico dos frutos de Solanum capsicoides All. resultou no isolamento de três substancias: carpesterol, glicose acetilada e 4-hidroxi-benzaldeído. A revisão de literatura levou à criação de um banco de dados com 421 diferentes metabólitos secundários isolados do gênero Solanum. Foram selecionados dois bancos de dados obtidos a partir do CHEMBL. O primeiro com atividade contra S. aureus multirresistente (MRSA) e o outro contra E. coli. Os compostos foram classificados de acordo com valores de pIC50 para gerar e validar o modelo utilizando “Random Forest”(RF). A estrutura de seis novas proteínas alvo contra S. aureus obtidas do Protein Data Bank (PDB) foram utilizadas para triagem virtual baseada na estrutura do receptor utilizando estudos de “docking” com o software Molegro Virtual Docker, a fim de selecionar moléculas do banco de dados de Solanum com potencial capacidade de interagir nos sítios de ligação dessas proteínas. O modelo RF de predição para S. aureus multirresistente obteve uma porcentagem de acerto de 81%, área sob a curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) de 0,885, selecionando 8 moléculas com potencial ativo superior a 60%. O modelo de predição para Escherichia coli obteve taxa de acerto de 88%, área sob curva ROC de 0,932, selecionando 4 moléculas com probabilidade de potencial ativo superior a 84%. O estudo do docking das seis enzimas alvo para S. aureus selecionou uma média de 50 moléculas do banco de 421 moléculas isoladas do gênero Solanum com a capacidade de interagir no sitio ativo de cada enzima. Analisando moléculas multitarget, foi possível obter 1 molécula com potencial ativo e capacidade de interação com 5 das 6 enzimas estudadas, 7 moléculas interagindo com 3 enzimas e 6 com 2 enzimas de S. aureus. A rutina, uma molécula potencialmente ativa no estudo in silico para S. aureus e E. coli, juntamente com o carpesterol, foram testadas in vitro contra essas bactérias. Os testes microbiológicos mostraram que o carpesterol não possui atividade antimicrobiana para as cepas estudadas, e que a rutina possui atividade apenas para a cepa de E. coli. Foi realizado ainda estudo de interação com as cepas de S. aureus ATCC 25923, uma cepa padrão sensível a todos os antibióticos, e SAM-01, uma cepa multirresistente. Houve interação apenas entre a rutina e a oxacilina, um dos três antibióticos estudados na interação, para a cepa SAM-01, diminuindo a resistência dessa cepa. Palavras-chave: Solanum, Solanum capsicoides All., triagem virtual, docking, multitarget, atividade microbiológica ABSTRACT The human body has a large bacterial flora, but when these bacteria, the principle of commensal character, become part of site other than it's natural, they can cause some severe diseases. Researches that are based either on the search of new drugs from plants or on the improvement of phytotherapics are in prominence and continue to play an important role nowadays. In this perspective, the aim was to carry out a phytochemical study of Solanum capsicoides All. fruits to isolate and characterize the chemical substances of this species and to use in silico studies to carry out investigations of new molecules potentially active for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli using a database created with secondary metabolites isolated from Solanum genus. The phytochemical study of Solanum capsicoides All. fruits resulted in the isolation of three substances: carpesterol, acetylated glucose and 4-hydroxy- benzaldehyde. A review of the literature led to the creation of a database with 421 different secondary metabolites isolated from the Solanum genus. Two databases from CHEMBL were selected. The first one with activity against MRSA and another against E. coli. The compounds were classified according to the pIC50 values to generate and validate the model using "Random Forest"(RF). The structure of six new target proteins against S. aureus obtained from the PDB (Protein database) were used for virtual screening of the based on the receptor structure using docking studies by the Molegro Virtual Docker, reaching to select Solanum database molecules capable of interacting in the binding sites of proteins. The RF prediction model for MRSA obtained a percent accuracy of 81%, area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.885, selecting 8 molecules with an active potential above 60%. The prediction model
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