DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecophysiological Studies of Corophium Volutator (Amphipoda) Infested by Microphallid Trematodes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecophysiological Studies of Corophium Volutator (Amphipoda) Infested by Microphallid Trematodes MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 202: 143–151, 2000 Published August 28 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Ecophysiological studies of Corophium volutator (Amphipoda) infested by microphallid trematodes Karin Meißner*, Thomas Schaarschmidt University of Rostock, Department of Zoology, Universitätsplatz 5, 18051 Rostock, Germany ABSTRACT: The impact of metacercaria infestation on the metabolic activity, thermal tolerance and freezing tolerance of Corophium volutator (Pallas, 1766) was investigated. Metabolic activity was measured by direct microcalorimetry at different temperatures and oxygen conditions. In 2 cases only, at 15°C/50% O2 and 10°C/100% O2, a positive correlation between infestation intensity and metabolic heat loss was found. At all temperatures examined, hypoxia down to 35% oxygen saturation did not have a significant effect on metabolic heat loss. With rising temperature, enhanced locomotory activity of C. volutator was observed during measurements, but an effect of infestation intensity was not found. According to the results of the thermal tolerance experiments, metacercaria infestation at studied intensities does not compromise infested hosts. In the freezing tolerance experiments, heavily infested C. volutator specimens survived better than specimens with lower infestation intensities. The results indicate a good adaptation of the parasite, because survival of the second intermediate host until consumed by the final host is essential for the completion of the life cycle of digenetic trematodes. It is concluded that under normal field conditions, changes of metabolic activity or reduced tolerance towards thermal stress and freezing as a result of metacercaria infestation should not be responsible for mass mortality events observed in the field. The role of the developmental stage of the metacer- caria and the possibly more severe impact caused by not yet or only recently encysted metacercariae, compared to metacercariae with multi-layered cyst walls, is discussed. KEY WORDS: Corophium volutator · Amphipoda · Microphallidae · Microcalorimetry · Thermal tolerance · Freezing tolerance · Parasitism Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION from the first intermediate host, a gastropod of the genus Hydrobia for example, and seek out the next The amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas, 1766) is host, a crustacean. There the cercariae develop into a well-known inhabitant of coastal mudflats of Europe metacercariae and form metacercarial cysts of differ- and North America. The studies of several authors ent sizes. In a single C. volutator, for instance, up to have led to a greater understanding of the ecology and 100 metacercarial cysts can be found (Fig. 1). The life physiology of this species. During the last few years, cycle of these digenetic trematodes is completed when the discussion about population dynamics of C. voluta- the final host, a sea bird or wader, feeds on infested C. tor has resumed because of a new aspect: parasitism volutator specimens. (Lauckner 1986, 1990). Primarily involved are dige- The lowest values of the relative infestation intensity netic trematodes. In shallow water areas of the south- and prevalence among Corophium volutator specimens ern Baltic Sea, for example, C. volutator is used as a generally were recorded in May and June, when the second intermediate host by at least 2 microphallid offspring of individuals that had overwintered pre- trematode species: Maritrema subdolum (Jägerskiöld dominated within the population (Bick 1994, Meißner & 1908) and Levinseniella brachysoma (Creplin 1837) Bick 1997). Thereafter, increasing numbers of indi- (Reimer 1963). The cercariae of these species emerge viduals were infested with increasing frequency until autumn (Meißner & Bick 1997). A statistical analysis *E-mail: [email protected] revealed that C. volutator with high infestation inten- © Inter-Research 2000 144 Mar Ecol Prog Ser 202: 143–151, 2000 the possible synergistic effects of temperature, oxygen content of the water and infestation intensity on meta- bolic activity. Apart from effects on the metabolism, an impact on the general physiological fitness of the host is conceivable, possibly reflected in reduced tolerance towards extreme environmental conditions. As an in- habitant of intertidal and shallow water areas, C. volu- tator is exposed to great diurnal and seasonal fluc- tuations of temperature. Water temperature in the summer is usually above 30°C during the day in our investigation area, whereas in the winter the water is frozen solid to the bottom for several weeks. Hence, freezing and thermal stress tolerance experiments are relevant observations concerning potential conse- Fig. 1. Corophium volutator. Metacercarial cysts in the body quences of trematode infestation. cavity (thoracic region, appendages removed) MATERIAL AND METHODS sities (14 to 22 cysts ind.–1) were distinctly less common in September than theoretically expected (infestation Collection and storage of Corophium volutator. The assumed to be a random event and subsequent infesta- Corophium volutator specimens used in the experiments tions independent of previous ones) (Meißner & Bick were collected in a shallow water area in the southern 1997). Laboratory studies showed that severe in- part of the Mecklenburger Bucht, Baltic Sea. The col- festation through microphallid trematodes (>60 meta- lected crustaceans were held in aerated aquaria with cercarial cysts or ~40 not yet encysted metacercariae) is seawater and heat-treated sediment from the biotope for detrimental to C. volutator and finally leads to the death about 4 wk. In addition, mudsnails of the genus Hydro- of the host (Jensen et al. 1998, Meißner & Bick 1999a). bia were placed in some of the aquaria with C. volutator Moreover, these parasites are possibly responsible for to induce higher microphallid infestation intensities of mass mortality events in C. volutator populations the crustacean. Sieved sediment (200 µm mesh) from the (Lauckner 1987, Jensen & Mouritsen 1992, Meißner & uppermost sediment layer in the biotope was added into Bick 1997). However, there is still little known about the the aquaria to induce the growth of algae on the sedi- kind of impairment that occurs. Metacercarial cysts can ment layer and glass panes of the aquaria, serving as be found in almost every part of the body, but particu- foodstuff for the specimens. In addition a few ml of a lary in the posterior thorax region (Mouritsen & Jensen culture solution of the diatom Thalassiosira fluviatilis 1997). Histological examinations of infested C. voluta- were introduced into the aquaria weekly. tor revealed that the cysts are located in the mixocoel After this period, Corophium volutator was trans- without any real contact to the host’s organs (R. ferred to the adaptation aquaria and kept under con- Bochert, Univ. Rostock, pers. comm.). Galaktionov et al. stant conditions for at least 2 wk until the start of the (1996) investigated the developmental changes in the experiments (Table 1). During this adaptation period, tegument of 4 microphallid species in the second inter- storage conditions were identical to the ones described mediate host and concluded that recently encysted above, but without the mudsnails. metacercaria of the species Levinseniella brachysoma Experimental design. Metabolic heat loss measure- and Maritrema subdolum absorb nutrients and other ments: Metabolic heat loss in Corophium volutator was substances from the haemolymph of their host Gam- measured by direct microcalorimetry using a TAM marus oceanicus during a period of up to 35 d. It is also (Thermal Activity Monitor 2277, Thermometric AB, conceivable that metacercarial cysts exert a mechanical Sweden). Perfusion cells with 4 ml ampoule in twin impact on the tissues and organs of the host. arrangement (1 sample and 1 reference system for With this background knowledge, it is possible that each channel) were used. Thermal calibration was per- differences exist in the physiology and autecology of formed using the internal calibration unit of the TAM. infested and non-infested Corophium volutator. To test The specimen chambers were prepared with a thin this assumption, we conducted measurements of meta- layer of washed, sieved and ashed (500°C) sediment bolic heat dissipation as a measure of metabolic activ- from the sample location. Continous water flow (aver- ity in C. volutator specimens with different infestation age of 14 ml h–1) was applied by means of a peristaltic intensities. Metabolic heat loss was measured at differ- pump. To minimize bacterial growth and contamina- ent temperatures and oxygen combinations to examine tion, the water was filtered before use (0.45 µm mem- Meißner & Schaarschmidt: Ecophysiological studies of Corophium volutator 145 Table 1. Laboratory conditions during the adaptation period of Corophium volutator before the start of the experiments Experiment Date of specimen Temperature Light period L/D Salinity Adaptation period collection (mo/yr) (°C) (‰) Freezing tolerance 10/96 3 11 h/13 h 13.3 4 wk Thermal tolerance 7/97 20 14 h/10 h 14.0 ≥2 wk Metabolic 1 3/98–4/98 10 12 h/12 h 14.0 ≥2 wk heat loss 2 9/96–2/97 15 14 h/10 h 14.0 ≥2 wk 3 7/97–2/98 19 and 25 14 h/10 h 14.0 ≥2 wk + 4 d (25°C) brane filter). Defined oxygen saturation in the water perature (36, 36.5 or 38.5°C), a single Corophium volu- was generated by controlled flow of air and nitrogen tator specimen was placed in the jar. At the end of an (combined
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES and PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS of SHRUB EXPANSION in WESTERN ALASKA by Molly Tankersley Mcdermott, B.A./B.S
    Arthropod communities and passerine diet: effects of shrub expansion in Western Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors McDermott, Molly Tankersley Download date 26/09/2021 06:13:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7893 ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES AND PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS OF SHRUB EXPANSION IN WESTERN ALASKA By Molly Tankersley McDermott, B.A./B.S. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2017 APPROVED: Pat Doak, Committee Chair Greg Breed, Committee Member Colleen Handel, Committee Member Christa Mulder, Committee Member Kris Hundertmark, Chair Department o f Biology and Wildlife Paul Layer, Dean College o f Natural Science and Mathematics Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Across the Arctic, taller woody shrubs, particularly willow (Salix spp.), birch (Betula spp.), and alder (Alnus spp.), have been expanding rapidly onto tundra. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat structure, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, which play an important role in the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems. Not only do they provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling, they are an essential food source for migratory birds. In this study I examined the relationships between the abundance, diversity, and community composition of arthropods and the height and cover of several shrub species across a tundra-shrub gradient in northwestern Alaska. To characterize nestling diet of common passerines that occupy this gradient, I used next-generation sequencing of fecal matter. Willow cover was strongly and consistently associated with abundance and biomass of arthropods and significant shifts in arthropod community composition and diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • HELCOM Red List
    SPECIES INFORMATION SHEET Corophium multisetosum English name: Scientific name: – Corophium multisetosum Taxonomical group: Species authority: Class: Malacostraca Stock, 1952 Order: Amphipoda Family: Corophiidae Subspecies, Variations, Synonyms: Generation length: 2 years? Trophonopsis truncata Strøm, 1768 Trophon truncatus Strøm, 1768 Past and current threats (Habitats Directive Future threats (Habitats Directive article 17 article 17 codes): Fishing (bottom trawling; codes): Fishing (bottom trawling; F02.02.01), F02.02.01), Eutrophication (H01.05) Eutrophication (H01.05) IUCN Criteria: HELCOM Red List NT B2b Category: Near Threatened Global / European IUCN Red List Category Habitats Directive: – – Protection and Red List status in HELCOM countries: Denmark –/–, Estonia –/–, Finland –/–, Germany –/G (endangered by unknown extent), Latvia –/–, Lithuania –/–-, Poland –/–, Russia –/–, Sweden: –/– Distribution and status in the Baltic Sea region C. multisetosum is reported mainly from coastal waters (bays) along southern shores of the Baltic Sea and those in the Danish straits, including adjacent fjords, canals, lagoons, e.g. the Curonian Lagoon, which is the easternmost area. However, there are also records from more open sea, and thus more saline areas such as the Hevring Bay, Arhus Bay, Arkona Basin by Darss-Zingst Peninsula, and the outer Puck Bay. Declining population trends are reported from the Szczecin Lagoon (Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska, pers. comm.). ©HELCOM Red List Benthic Invertebrate Expert Group 2013 www.helcom.fi > Baltic Sea trends > Biodiversity > Red List of species SPECIES INFORMATION SHEET Corophium multisetosum Distribution map The georeferenced records of species compiled from the Danish national database for marine data (MADS), Russian monitoring data (Elena Ezhova, pers. comm), and the database of the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), where also the Polish literature and monitoring data for the species are stored.
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty Thousand Parasites Under The
    ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia Tesis Doctoral Twenty thousand parasites under the sea: a multidisciplinary approach to parasite communities of deep-dwelling fishes from the slopes of the Balearic Sea (NW Mediterranean) Tesis doctoral presentada por Sara Maria Dallarés Villar para optar al título de Doctora en Acuicultura bajo la dirección de la Dra. Maite Carrassón López de Letona, del Dr. Francesc Padrós Bover y de la Dra. Montserrat Solé Rovira. La presente tesis se ha inscrito en el programa de doctorado en Acuicultura, con mención de calidad, de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Los directores Maite Carrassón Francesc Padrós Montserrat Solé López de Letona Bover Rovira Universitat Autònoma de Universitat Autònoma de Institut de Ciències Barcelona Barcelona del Mar (CSIC) La tutora La doctoranda Maite Carrassón Sara Maria López de Letona Dallarés Villar Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, diciembre de 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cuando miro atrás, al comienzo de esta tesis, me doy cuenta de cuán enriquecedora e importante ha sido para mí esta etapa, a todos los niveles.
    [Show full text]
  • The 17Th International Colloquium on Amphipoda
    Biodiversity Journal, 2017, 8 (2): 391–394 MONOGRAPH The 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda Sabrina Lo Brutto1,2,*, Eugenia Schimmenti1 & Davide Iaciofano1 1Dept. STEBICEF, Section of Animal Biology, via Archirafi 18, Palermo, University of Palermo, Italy 2Museum of Zoology “Doderlein”, SIMUA, via Archirafi 16, University of Palermo, Italy *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] th th ABSTRACT The 17 International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17 ICA) has been organized by the University of Palermo (Sicily, Italy), and took place in Trapani, 4-7 September 2017. All the contributions have been published in the present monograph and include a wide range of topics. KEY WORDS International Colloquium on Amphipoda; ICA; Amphipoda. Received 30.04.2017; accepted 31.05.2017; printed 30.06.2017 Proceedings of the 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17th ICA), September 4th-7th 2017, Trapani (Italy) The first International Colloquium on Amphi- Poland, Turkey, Norway, Brazil and Canada within poda was held in Verona in 1969, as a simple meet- the Scientific Committee: ing of specialists interested in the Systematics of Sabrina Lo Brutto (Coordinator) - University of Gammarus and Niphargus. Palermo, Italy Now, after 48 years, the Colloquium reached the Elvira De Matthaeis - University La Sapienza, 17th edition, held at the “Polo Territoriale della Italy Provincia di Trapani”, a site of the University of Felicita Scapini - University of Firenze, Italy Palermo, in Italy; and for the second time in Sicily Alberto Ugolini - University of Firenze, Italy (Lo Brutto et al., 2013). Maria Beatrice Scipione - Stazione Zoologica The Organizing and Scientific Committees were Anton Dohrn, Italy composed by people from different countries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Salinity on Osmoregulation In
    The effect of salinity OCEANOLOGIA, No. 37 (1) pp. 111–122, 1995. on osmoregulation PL ISSN 0078–3234 in Corophium volutator Osmoregulation Salinity (Pallas) and Saduria Corophium volutator entomon (Linnaeus) Saduria entomon Gulf of Gda´nsk from the Gulf of Gda´nsk* Aldona Dobrzycka, Anna Szaniawska Institute of Oceanography, Gda´nsk University, Gdynia Manuscript received January 30, 1995, in final form March 24, 1995. Abstract Material for the study was collected in the summer of 1994 in the Gulf of Gdańsk where specimens of Corophium volutator and Saduria entomon – organisms living in a zone of critical salinity (5–8 psu) – commonly occur. The high osmolarity of their body fluids is indicative of their adaptation effort to the salinity in their habitat. A species of marine origin, Corophium volutator maintains its osmotic concentration of haemolymph at a high level, as other species in brackish waters do; however, this is not the case with Corophium volutator specimens living in saline seas. Saduria entomon – a relict of glacial origin, originally from the Arctic Sea – also maintains a high osmotic concentration of haemolymph in comparison with specimens of this species living in the Beaufort Sea. 1. Introduction The 5–8 psu salinity zone is the boundary separating the marine world from the freshwater world, a fact stressed by many authors, e.g. Remane (1934), Khlebovich (1989, 1990a,b) or Styczyńska-Jurewicz (1972, 1974). The critical salinity is defined by Khlebovich (1990a,b) as a narrow zone where massive mortality of fresh- and salt-water forms occurs, in both estu- aries and laboratories. It limits the life activity of isolated cells and tissues, * This research was supported by grant No.
    [Show full text]
  • C:\Documents and Settings\Leel\Desktop\WA 2-15 DRP
    DRAFT DETAILED REVIEW PAPER ON MYSID LIFE CYCLE TOXICITY TEST EPA CONTRACT NUMBER 68-W-01-023 WORK ASSIGNMENT 2-15 July 2, 2002 Prepared for L. Greg Schweer WORK ASSIGNMENT MANAGER U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR SCREENING PROGRAM WASHINGTON, D.C. BATTELLE 505 King Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................... 1 2.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 2 2.1 DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING THE ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR SCREENING PROGRAM (EDSP).......................................... 2 2.2 THE VALIDATION PROCESS............................................. 2 2.3 PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW ............................................. 3 2.4 METHODS USED IN THIS ANALYSIS...................................... 4 2.5 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................... 5 3.0 OVERVIEW AND SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF MYSID LIFE CYCLE TOXICITY TEST ........... 6 3.1 ECDYSTEROID SENSITIVITY TO MEASURED ENDPOINTS ................... 9 4.0 CANDIDATE MYSID TEST SPECIES ............................................ 11 4.1 AMERICAMYSIS BAHIA ................................................ 12 4.1.1 Natural History ................................................... 12 4.1.2 Availability, Culture, and Handling .................................. 12 4.1.3 Strengths and Weaknesses ....................................... 13 4.2 HOLMESIMYSIS COSTATA ............................................. 13 4.2.1 Natural History ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hitch-Hiking Parasite: a Dark Horse May Be the Real Rider
    International Journal for Parasitology 31 (2001) 1417–1420 www.parasitology-online.com Research note Hitch-hiking parasite: a dark horse may be the real rider Kim N. Mouritsen* Department of Marine Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Finlandsgade 14, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark Received 3 April 2001; received in revised form 22 May 2001; accepted 22 May 2001 Abstract Many parasites engaged in complex life cycles manipulate their hosts in a way that facilitates transmission between hosts. Recently, a new category of parasites (hitch-hikers) has been identified that seem to exploit the manipulating effort of other parasites with similar life cycle by preferentially infecting hosts already manipulated. Thomas et al. (Evolution 51 (1997) 1316) showed that the digenean trematodes Micro- phallus papillorobustus (the manipulator) and Maritrema subdolum (the hitch-hiker) were positively associated in field samples of gammarid amphipods (the intermediate host), and that the behaviour of Maritrema subdolum rendered it more likely to infect manipulated amphipods than those uninfected by M. papillorobustus. Here I provide experimental evidence demonstrating that M. subdolum is unlikely to be a hitch- hiker in the mentioned system, whereas the lucky candidate rather is the closely related but little known species, Microphallidae sp. no. 15 (Parassitologia 22 (1980) 1). As opposed to the latter species, Maritrema subdolum does not express the appropriate cercarial behaviour for hitch-hiking. q 2001 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Microphallid trematodes; Transmission strategy; Cercarial behaviour; Maritrema subdolum; Microphallidae sp. no. 15 Parasites with complex life cycles (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Digenea, Microphallidae) and Relative Merits of Two-Host Microphallid Life Cycles
    Parasitology Research (2018) 117:1051–1068 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5782-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Microphallus ochotensis sp. nov. (Digenea, Microphallidae) and relative merits of two-host microphallid life cycles Kirill V. Galaktionov1,2 & Isabel Blasco-Costa3 Received: 21 July 2017 /Accepted: 23 January 2018 /Published online: 3 February 2018 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract A new digenean species, Microphallus ochotensis sp. nov., was described from the intestine of Pacific eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) from the north of the Sea of Okhotsk. It differs from other microphallids in the structure of the metraterm, which consists of two distinct parts: a sac with spicule-like structures and a short muscular duct opening into the genital atrium. Mi. ochotensis forms a monophyletic clade together with other congeneric species in phylograms derived from the 28S and ITS2 rRNA gene. Its dixenous life cycle was elucidated with the use of the same molecular markers. Encysted metacercariae infective for birds develop inside sporocysts in the first intermediate host, an intertidal mollusc Falsicingula kurilensis. The morphology of metacercariae and adults was described with an emphasis on the structure of terminal genitalia. Considering that Falsicingula occurs at the Pacific coast of North America and that the Pacific eider is capable of trans-continental flights, the distribution of Mi. ochotensis might span the Pacific coast of Alaska and Canada. The range of its final hosts may presumably include other benthos- feeding marine ducks as well as shorebirds. We suggest that a broad occurrence of two-host life cycles in microphallids is associated with parasitism in birds migrating along sea coasts.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Notes on the Bionomics of the Amphipod, Corophiumuolutator Panas
    [ 761 ] Preliminary Notes on the Bionomics of the Amphipod, Corophiumuolutator Panas. By T. J. Hart, B.Sc. With 4 Figures in the Text. INTRODUCTION AND PREVIOUS WORK. THE Amphipod Corophium volutator Pallas has been described, mainly from a purely systematic standpoint, under the synonyms C. grossipes Linmeus, C. longicorneLatreille, and C. bicaudatum Linneo (Della Valle). Stebbing in his standard work (19) on the Gammaridea, accepts volutator as the earliest, and modern French and Danish authors follow him. Corophium volutator is found in the greatest abundance on certain mudflats in estuarine areas round the coasts of N.W. Europe, but by no means everywhere. It appears that the nature of the substratum and the salinity of the water are two of the main factors leading to its localized distribution, and accordingly an investigation of the conditions which define its habitat is likely to throw light on some very interesting problems. These notes record the first stages of such an investigation, together with a study of the intimately related problems of the feeding habits and life- cycle of the animal. It seems that no detailed account of the feeding mechanism of any Amphipod has yet been published; though Hunt (11) gives a short and pithy description of a "filter~feeding" mechanism in Ampelisca. This author classes most of the Amphipoda he deals with as selective deposit feeders, but states that though this is true in so far as they are bottom- living forms, the actual mechanism is probably more often of a type such as would lead to their being classed under his scheme as suspension- feeders.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bioturbation Classification of European Marine Infaunal
    A bioturbation classification of European marine infaunal invertebrates Ana M. Queiros 1, Silvana N. R. Birchenough2, Julie Bremner2, Jasmin A. Godbold3, Ruth E. Parker2, Alicia Romero-Ramirez4, Henning Reiss5,6, Martin Solan3, Paul J. Somerfield1, Carl Van Colen7, Gert Van Hoey8 & Stephen Widdicombe1 1Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, U.K. 2The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR33 OHT, U.K. 3Department of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, U.K. 4EPOC – UMR5805, Universite Bordeaux 1- CNRS, Station Marine d’Arcachon, 2 Rue du Professeur Jolyet, Arcachon 33120, France 5Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, Postboks 1490, Bodø 8049, Norway 6Department for Marine Research, Senckenberg Gesellschaft fu¨ r Naturforschung, Su¨ dstrand 40, Wilhelmshaven 26382, Germany 7Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, Ghent 9000, Belgium 8Bio-Environmental Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research (ILVO-Fisheries), Ankerstraat 1, Ostend 8400, Belgium Keywords Abstract Biodiversity, biogeochemical, ecosystem function, functional group, good Bioturbation, the biogenic modification of sediments through particle rework- environmental status, Marine Strategy ing and burrow ventilation, is a key mediator of many important geochemical Framework Directive, process, trait. processes in marine systems. In situ quantification of bioturbation can be achieved in a myriad of ways, requiring expert knowledge, technology, and Correspondence resources not always available, and not feasible in some settings. Where dedi- Ana M. Queiros, Plymouth Marine cated research programmes do not exist, a practical alternative is the adoption Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
    OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Linking Habitat and Life History for Conservation of the Rare Saltmarsh Topminnow Fundulus Jenkinsi: Morphometrics, Reproduction, and Trophic Ecology
    The following supplement accompanies the article Linking habitat and life history for conservation of the rare saltmarsh topminnow Fundulus jenkinsi: morphometrics, reproduction, and trophic ecology John D. Lopez1, 3, Mark S. Peterson1,*, Erik T. Lang1, Adriana M. Charbonnet2 1Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564, USA 2Ocean Springs High School, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564, USA 3Present address: Texas Parks and Wildlife, Coastal Fisheries Division, Brownsville Field Office, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Endangered Species Research 12: 141–155 (2010) Supplement 1. Summary of the data used in the multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis Table S1. Spring mean volume (µl) of prey items by size class (15, 20, … 40 mm) and replicate number (01 or 02) used for dietary analysis. Data are the mean value of prey volumes of all fish in each size class and replicate. P: Phylum, SP: sub-phylum, C: class, SC: sub-class, O: order, SO: sub-order, F: family, G: genus, Unid: unidentified, —: not in diet Prey size (mm) and replicate number Taxon 15–01 15–02 20–01 20–02 25–01 25–02 30–01 30–02 35–01 35–02 40–01 40–02 P. Acanthocephala –––––––––––– P. Nematoda –––––––––––– P. Mollusca C. Gastropoda – – 0.063 ––––––––– C. Polychaeta –––––––––––– C. Oligochaeta –––––––––––0.250 P. Arthropoda C. Arachnida ––––––0.140 – – 0.002 SO. Hydracarina – 0.031 –––––––––– SP. Crustacea –––––––––––– C. Maxillopoda SC. Copepoda 0.200 0.200 – 0.154 –––––––– C. Ostracoda – – 0.125 – – – 0.001 ––––– C. Malacostraca O. Amphipoda 0.200 0.200 – 0.074 0.240 0.087 0.356 0.012 0.179 – 0.098 – F.
    [Show full text]