DOCSLIB.ORG

Options to Develop International Greenhouse Gas Unit Accounting After 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Options to Develop International Greenhouse Gas Unit Accounting After 2012 ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY KEEPING TRACK: OPTIONS TO DEVELOP INTERNATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS UNIT ACCOUNTING AFTER 2012 www.oecd.org/env/cc/CCXG Andrew Prag (OECD), André Aasrud and www.iea.org Christina Hood (IEA) Graphic design: Betrand Sadin May 2011 Unclassified COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2011)1 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 31-May-2011 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Unclassified COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2011)1 KEEPING TRACK: OPTIONS TO DEVELOP INTERNATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS UNIT ACCOUNTING AFTER 2012 Andrew Prag (OECD), André Aasrud and Christina Hood (IEA) The ideas expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent views of the English OECD, the IEA, or their member countries, or the endorsement of any approach described herein. - Or. English JT03302773 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2011)1 Copyright OECD/IEA, 2011 Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this material should be addressed to: Head of Publications Service, OECD/IEA 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France or 9 rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France. 2 COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2011)1 FOREWORD This document was prepared by the OECD and IEA Secretariats in May 2011 in response to a request from the Climate Change Expert Group (CCXG) on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The CCXG oversees development of analytical papers for the purpose of providing useful and timely input to the climate change negotiations. These papers may also be useful to national policy-makers and other decision-makers. Authors work with the CCXG to develop these papers in a collaborative effort. However, the papers do not necessarily represent the views of the OECD or the IEA, nor are they intended to prejudge the views of countries participating in the CCXG. Rather, they are Secretariat information papers intended to inform Member countries, as well as the UNFCCC audience. Members of the CCXG are Annex I and OECD countries. The Annex I Parties or countries referred to in this document are those listed in Annex I of the UNFCCC (as amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1997 and 2010): Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, the European Community, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America. As OECD member countries, Korea, Mexico, Chile and Israel are also members of the CCXG. Where this document refers to “countries” or “governments”, it is also intended to include “regional economic organisations”, if appropriate. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was prepared by Andrew Prag (OECD), André Aasrud and Christina Hood (IEA). It benefited from direct funding for the work of the CCXG programme in 2010/11, including from Australia, Canada, the European Commission, Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, the Word Bank, as well as in-kind support from the OECD and IEA. The authors would like to acknowledge the helpful comments stemming from the discussion in the CCXG/Global Forum on Environment event (28-29 March 2011), where these issues were discussed. More detailed comments were also received and incorporated from representatives of Canada, Japan, Spain, the UK, the US and the European Commission. The authors would also like to thank Richard Baron (IEA), Shardul Agrawala, Gregory Briner, Jan Corfee-Morlot, Jane Ellis, Katia Karousakis, Elisa Lanzi, Virginie Marchal and Marie-Christine Tremblay (OECD), as well as Hassan Bali (Markit), Pedro Martins Barata (Portugal), Henry Derwent (IETA), Rob Fowler (Essential Change), Michael Lazarus (Stockholm Environment Institute), Benoît Leguet (CDC Climat) and Yuko Nishida (Tokyo Metropolitan Government) for their thoughtful comments. Questions and comments should be sent to: Andrew Prag OECD Environment Directorate 2, rue André-Pascal 75775 Paris Cedex 16 France Email: [email protected] All OECD and IEA information papers for the Climate Change Expert Group on the UNFCCC can be downloaded from: www.oecd.org/env/cc/ccxg. 3 COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2011)1 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 6 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 12 2. THE EXISTING INTERNATIONAL EMISSIONS ACCOUNTING AND UNITS FRAMEWORK . 13 2.1 Reporting on emissions and tradable units ...................................................................................... 13 2.2 Existing variety in GHG units pre-2012 ......................................................................................... 13 2.3 Kyoto Protocol units accounting system ......................................................................................... 16 2.3.1 Institutions and structure ........................................................................................................... 17 2.3.2 Allocation of AAUs ................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.3 Trading of AAUs and credits ..................................................................................................... 18 2.3.4 Compliance ................................................................................................................................ 18 2.4 Strengths and weaknesses of the Kyoto framework........................................................................ 19 3. SCENARIOS FOR A POST-2012 ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK ................................................... 19 3.1 Three groups of country mitigation pledges or commitments ........................................................ 20 3.2 The range of possibilities for unit accounting post-2012 ................................................................ 20 3.2.1 An allowance-based world – Kyoto Protocol for some Annex I ............................................... 21 3.2.2 A country-led world: ‘pledge and review’................................................................................. 23 4. ACCOUNTING FOR TRADABLE OFFSET AND CREDIT UNITS AFTER 2012 ........................... 24 4.1 Evidence for increasing divergence of credit types ........................................................................ 24 4.2 Offsets for meeting national commitments after 2012 .................................................................... 26 4.3 Emissions accounting in developing countries ............................................................................... 28 4.3.1 Double counting of reductions from offset mechanisms ........................................................... 28 4.3.2 CDM host country decisions on offset production and domestic use ....................................... 31 4.4 Impact of sub-national trading scheme offsets on global unit accounting ...................................... 31 5. INTEGRATING UNIT ACCOUNTING INTO POST-2012 SCENARIOS ......................................... 32 5.1 Unit accounting in a continued Kyoto Protocol system .................................................................. 32 5.2 Unit accounting in a pledge-and-review world ............................................................................... 34 5.3 Ensuring a functional unit accounting system................................................................................. 36 6. EXPLORING THE ‘MIDDLE GROUND’ OPTION ............................................................................ 39 6.1 The nature of the ‘middle ground’ .................................................................................................. 39 6.1.1 Demonstrating progress towards objectives .............................................................................. 39 6.1.2 Role of UNFCCC bodies in GHG unit management after 2012 ............................................... 40 6.1.3 Governance of international market mechanisms ...................................................................... 41 6.1.4 Tracking international unit transactions .................................................................................... 43 6.2 Potential lessons from outside of the Kyoto system ....................................................................... 44 6.2.1 Tracking transactions in international financial markets ........................................................... 44 6.2.2 Lessons from aggregation in the voluntary carbon market ....................................................... 44 7. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................... 46 ANNEX: BACKGROUND
Load more

Recommended publications
  • T H E Kyoto Mechanisms & Global C L I M a T E C H a N
    T h e Kyoto Mechanisms & Global c l i m a t e c h a n g e Coordination Issues and Domestic Po l i c i e s Prepared for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change by Er ik Ha i t es M ARGAR E E C O N SU L TA N TS I N C . Mal ik Amin Asl am E NVOR K R E S E AR C H A N D D EV E L O P M E N T O RGA N I S AT I O N Sept emb er 2000 Contents Foreword ii E xecutive Summary iii I. Introduction 1 A. The Benefits of Emissions Trading 1 B. The Kyoto Mechanisms 2 C. Implementation Issues 4 D. The Kyoto Mechanisms and Domestic Policies 5 E. Equity, Environmental Integrity, and Economic Efficiency 6 II. Proposed Rules for the Kyoto Mechanisms 9 A. Participation by Legal Entities 9 B. Substitution Among Mechanisms (Fungibility) 10 C. Supplementarity 12 D. Penalties, Enforcement, and Liability 13 E. International Review of Projects 15 F. The Need To Demonstrate Additionality 17 G. Approval by Annex B Parties 19 H. Date When Projects Can Begin To Generate Allowances 20 + I. Eligibility of Sink Enhancement Projects 21 J. Levies on Transactions 21 K. Contribution to Sustainable Development 23 III. Coordination of the Kyoto Mechanisms with Domestic Policies 24 A. Potential Purchase and Use of Kyoto Mechanism Allowances by Legal Entities 25 B. Potential Sales of Kyoto Mechanism Allowances by Legal Entities 29 C. Coordination of Domestic Policies with the Rules of the Kyoto Mechanisms 31 + I V.
    [Show full text]
  • EU ETS Handbook ©Istock
    EU ETS Handbook ©iStock Climate Action Contents Using the guide 3 What is the EU ETS? 4 Benefits of cap-and-trade 5 History of the EU ETS 7 EU legislative structure and the EU ETS 9 How does the EU ETS contribute to meeting the EU’s climate policy goals? 12 How does the EU ETS contribute to a competitive economy? 14 How does the EU ETS work? 16 Main EU ETS features over the years 18 Design structure 20 What GHG emissions does the EU ETS cover? 20 What is the cap on GHG emissions? 22 How are allowances allocated? 24 How allocation has evolved 26 Auctioning in the EU ETS 28 Auctioning bodies and venues 29 Distribution of auctioning rights 31 Auctioning in practice 32 Use of auction revenues 35 Transitional free allocation for modernisation of the power sector (Article 10c) 36 NER300 fund for demonstration projects 38 Free allocation in the EU ETS 40 Timing of determining free allocation 41 Free allocation shifts compliance costs 42 From national allocation to EU-wide allocation; NAPs to NIMs 43 Calculating free allocation using benchmarks 44 Limit on total free allocation: Correction factors 46 What is a benchmark? 47 The process of developing the benchmarks 48 Product benchmark curves and values 49 Product benchmark for free allocation 51 Fall-back approaches for free allocation 53 Historical Activity Level 55 Cross-boundary energy - Who should receive free allocation? 56 Capacity changes/Changes in emissions 58 When is an installation a new entrant? 59 Addressing the risk of carbon leakage 60 Addressing the risk of carbon leakage: Compensation
    [Show full text]
  • Titelfolie Logo Dachmarke
    Carbon Markets – General Introduction Urs Brodmann First Climate IATA / IETA Workshop Singapore, 22 March 2017 Your partner for climate protection and sustainability – since 1999 First Climate is a globally leading carbon market service provider. We Our products and develop emission reduction projects, originate and trade carbon credits services at a glance and manage portfolios of carbon assets. We act as a consultant to corporate and public sector clients. CO2-Compliance Services Climate Neutral Services Carbon/Water Project Development Green Energy Services Public Climate Action Carbon Asset Management Water Management Services Pellets2go 2 Facts & Figures Facilitated over VERs retired on More than 500 200,000,000 EUR in behalf of our clients: corporate clients project finance 24.000.000 Generated Renewable energy 32.000.000 We support more than certificates sourced on CERs 200 carbon offset projects behalf of more than 150 clients 3 Outline 1. Introduction to Carbon Markets 2. Key Concepts for Baseline & Credit Mechanisms 3. Credit Types and Standards 4. Carbon Markets to Date; Supply/Demand Considerations 4 Compliance vs. Voluntary Markets • Carbon markets exist both under compliance schemes and as voluntary programs • Compliance markets are created and regulated by mandatory regional , national, and international carbon reduction regimes, such as the Kyoto Protocol an the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) • Voluntary markets function outside of the compliance markets and enable companies, governments and individuals to purchase
    [Show full text]
  • Carbon Markets 101 the ULTIMATE GUIDE to GLOBAL OFFSETTING MECHANISMS
    Carbon markets 101 THE ULTIMATE GUIDE TO GLOBAL OFFSETTING MECHANISMS Version 2.0 July 2020 co2 co2 co2 co2 co2 1 Introduction Contents This briefing gives an overview of the current discussions under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement which establishes the foundation for market-based climate measures after 2020. It lays out key lessons from the Kyoto Protocol markets, highlights essential issues within the Article 6 negotiations, and provides recommendations on how to solve them. It concludes with an overview of non-Article 6 carbon Introduction 3 markets, which have ties to the Article 6 discussions, such as the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), a carbon market specifically designed for airlines. Trading greenhouse gas emissions 3 Distinguishing between two forms of carbon markets 3 Trading greenhouse gas emissions UN carbon markets 4 Carbon markets are one of the tools to tackle the climate change problem, i.e. the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Since we only have one atmosphere, it does not matter where the emissions are released, because they will soon spread around the Lessons from the Kyoto Protocol for the Article 6 markets 4 earth, creating a greenhouse effect. Following this logic, if a group of people, countries or companies agrees to limit their emissions to a certain amount (aka adopt a “carbon budget”), it does not matter how much each person emits, or where they do so, as long as the The Clean Development Mechanism 4 whole group does not emit more than what they committed to. Since it doesn’t matter where we reduce emissions, the argument behind carbon trading is that the best way to take climate action is to reduce emissions where it is easiest (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Government of the Republic of Croatia 3940
    THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA 3940 Pursuant to Article 48 paragraph 3 of the Air Protection Act (Official Gazette 178/2004 and 60/2008), the Government of the Republic of Croatia, at its session on 5 December 2008, adopted the following REGULATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FLEXIBLE MECHANISMS OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOL GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1 (1) This Regulation prescribes the manner of carrying out the procedure for implementing the flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol, the members of the Committee for the assessment of project activities or programmes, and the manner of reporting on their implementation. (2) This Regulation shall apply to the manner of implementing the Kyoto Protocol flexible mechanisms, i.e.: – project activities of the Clean Development Mechanism, – project activities of the Joint Implementation Mechanism on the territory and outside the territory of the Republic of Croatia, –international greenhouse gas emission trading. Article 2 The provisions of this Regulation shall not apply to: – project activities which involve use of nuclear energy, – project activities in relation to land-use, land-use change and forestry if genetically modified organisms or invasive foreign species are used. Article 3 (1) For the purpose of this Regulation, the following definitions apply: 1. Annex I Party to the UNFCCC – party specified in Annex I to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as: the UNFCCC) that has ratified the Kyoto Protocol, 2. Clean Development Mechanism – Kyoto Protocol instrument for the implementation of project activities for reducing or eliminating emissions in countries which are not parties to Annex I to the UNFCCC, 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Note 1. Introduction to Cop6 Issues and Glossary to Cop6 Terms
    NOTE 1: NOVEMBER THE EARTH IN BALANCE: BRIEFING NOTES FOR THE INTRODUCTION & 2000 NOVEMBER 2000 CLIMATE SUMMIT GLOSSARY NOTE 1. INTRODUCTION TO COP6 ISSUES AND GLOSSARY TO COP6 TERMS Chris Rolfe, Staff Counsel West Coast Environmental Law Research Foundation As a result of decisions made now, changes in global intended to provide an environmental perspective to emissions over the next few decades may, over the next negotiators and educate other participants attending hundred years, inexorably lead to catastrophic climate at the Hague or following the negotiations at home. change like the breakdown of the West Antarctic ice sheets. This introductory note begins with a discussion of the — Stephen H. Schneider, Stanford University Framework Convention under which the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated. It then reviews the basic From November 13 to 24, 2000 the nations of the elements of the Protocol, discusses the key negotiating world will meet in The Hague to decide the fate of the parties and provides a glossary of “climate speak” — Kyoto Protocol. Will the greenhouse gas emission the difficult to penetrate lexicon of climate reductions called for in the Protocol be real reductions negotiators. from business as usual or reductions in form only? Will it be undermined by loopholes? Will the THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE Protocol be enforceable or merely an exhortation that CHANGE is legally binding in form only? Will developing countries block progress out of frustration with The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate developed countries’ failure to implement past Change (FCCC) was one of several key environmental obligations? Will the mechanisms like emission treaties negotiated at the June 1992 Earth Summit in trading provide the flexibility that big emitters like the Rio de Janeiro.
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Ghg Emission Reduction Market Opportunities
    90 NSS Ukraine 3. GHG EMISSION REDUCTION MARKET OPPORTUNITIES 3.1. A SSESSMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETS FOR GHG REDUCTIONS 3.1.1. Rules for the Kyoto Mechanisms and their Implications for International GHG Market Architecture The Kyoto Protocol is a very complex agreement. Defining quantified binding commitments requires clarity concerning the timescales, the range of gases covered, the basis upon which to compare them, and the rules for monitoring, reporting and compliance. In addition, the desire to make the commitments as economically efficient as possible led to the incorporation of a range of mechanisms that are unprecedented in international law. These mechanisms are intended to enable countries to limit the economic impact of their domestic emission obligations through emission credits trading, or through investments in projects in other countries where it might be cheaper to reduce emissions. The details of the rules governing these mechanisms have considerable implications for the real impact of the Protocol. The Protocol includes three mechanisms (see Box 3.1) that allow the Parties to secure reductions in the mos t cost effective ways. In addition, these mechanisms stimulate international investment and provide essential resources to support cleaner economic transition and development: East-West investment through International Emissions Trading and Joint Implementation, and North-South investment through the Clean Development Mechanism. BOX 3.1 THE KYOTO MECHANISMS · Joint Implementation (JI) allows a country to claim credit for emission reductions generated by its investments in another industrialized country. These efforts result in a transfer of equivalent ‘emission reduction units’ (ERUs) between the two countries (Article 6).
    [Show full text]
  • Agreement on a Testing Ground for Application of the Kyoto Mechanisms on Energy Projects in the Baltic Sea Region
    AGREEMENT ON A TESTING GROUND FOR APPLICATION OF THE KYOTO MECHANISMS ON ENERGY PROJECTS IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION Whereas the Governments of the countries in the Baltic Sea Region, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Finland, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Iceland, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Kingdom of Norway, the Republic of Poland, the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Sweden, hereinafter named as the Parties, have ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and have ratified or are in the process of ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC at its third session; Whereas the Ministers of Energy of the Baltic Sea Region decided, in Vilnius in November 2002, to establish the Testing Ground for international cooperation in the use of flexible mechanisms, as envisaged by the same ministers at their Helsinki Conference in 1999, with the objectives to build capacity and competence to use the Joint Implementation (JI) mechanism, to promote the realisation of high quality projects in the energy sector generating emissions reductions, to develop methods and procedures in conformity with the rules and guidelines of the Kyoto Protocol, to collaborate in addressing administrative and financial barriers, and to minimise transaction costs, especially regarding small scale JI projects, to facilitate generation, ensure issuance and transfer of Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) and Assigned Amount Units
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change: a Glossary of Terms
    Climate change: a glossary of terms 5th Edition Climate change 2012 The global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues 5th Floor, 209–215 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8NL, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0)20 7633 2388 Facsimile: +44 (0)20 7633 2389 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.ipieca.org © IPIECA 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior consent of IPIECA. This publication is printed on paper manufactured from fibre obtained from sustainably grown softwood forests and bleached without any damage to the environment. IPIECA Climate change: a glossary of terms 5th Edition Preface The IPIECA glossary of climate change terms was first printed in June 1999 and defines and explains many of the terms used at the climate change negotiations and more broadly in the field. This fifth edition has been updated following the UN Climate Change Conference in Durban, South Africa in December 2011 (COP 17 and COP/MOP 7). Some terms have been amended, and new terms and acronyms hav e been added. 1 IPIECA CLIMATE CHANGE: A GLOSSARY OF TERMS Contents Alphabetical section Page number A3 B 13 C 16 D 27 E 30 F 36 G 39 H 43 I 44 J 48 K 49 L 50 M 52 N 55 O 58 P 59 Q 62 R 62 S 65 T 70 U 73 V 76 W 76 Y 77 Summary of terms 82 2 IPIECA CLIMATE CHANGE: A GLOSSARY OF TERMS A AAU See ‘Assigned Amount Unit’.
    [Show full text]
  • Electricity Generation Activities and Emission
    November 2005 DRAFT DRAFTING INSTRUCTIONS CROSS-CUTTING PROVISIONS LARGE FINAL EMITTERS REGULATIONS NOTE: These are proposed drafting instructions for the cross-cutting provisions of the proposed regulations for the Large Final Emitters system. Final regulatory wording may differ from what is found in this document. INTERPRETATION 1. The following definitions apply in these regulations. “Assigned Amount Unit” (AAU) means a unit issued pursuant to Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol and is equal to one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent calculated using the global warming potentials as defined in Schedule 1. “Certified Emission Reduction” (CER) means a unit that has been issued pursuant to a Clean Development Mechanism project, as defined by Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol and is equal to one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent calculated using the global warming potentials as defined in Schedule 1. “carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent” means an amount of a substance listed in column 1 of Schedule 1 multiplied by the Global Warming Potential listed in column 3. “compliance unit” means an eligible domestic credit or an eligible Kyoto unit. “covered activity” means a covered activity specified in any regulation listed in Schedule 2. “eligible domestic credit” means: (a) a tradeable unit issued under any program or measure established under section 322 of CEPA, including a temporary domestic credit and is equal to one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent calculated using the global warming potentials as defined in Schedule 1; (b) a tradeable unit, equal to one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent calculated using the global warming potentials as defined in Schedule 1, issued under section 16 of these regulations; or (c) a Technology Investment Unit, equal to one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent calculated using the global warming potentials as defined in Schedule 1, issued pursuant to the Greenhouse Gas Technology Investment Fund Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Flexible Mechanisms in Support of a New Climate Change Regime
    FLEXIBLE MECHANISMS IN SUPPORT OF A NEW CLIMATE CHANGE REGIME THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM AND BEYOND CEPS TASK FORCE REPORT CHAIR: ULRIKA RAAB Senior Advisor Swedish Energy Agency RAPPORTEUR: NORIKO FUJIWARA Head of Climate Change and Research Fellow, CEPS CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES BRUSSELS This report is based on discussions in the CEPS Task Force on The CDM and Future Flexible Mechanisms post-2012. The Task Force met several times over a concentrated period of time from November 2008 to May 2009. Participants included senior executives from a broad range of industry and representatives from business associations and non- governmental environmental organisations. A list of members and invited guests and speakers appears in Annex 2. The members of the Task Force engaged in extensive debates in the course of several meetings and submitted comments on earlier drafts of this report. Its contents contain the general tone and direction of the discussion, but its recommendations do not necessarily reflect a full common position agreed among all members of the Task Force, nor do they necessarily represent the views of the institutions to which the members belong. Christian Egenhofer and Anton Georgiev from CEPS made valuable contributions to the preparation of this report. ISBN 978-92-9079-948-1 © Copyright 2009, Centre for European Policy Studies. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior permission of the Centre for European Policy Studies. Centre for European Policy Studies Place du Congrès 1, B-1000 Brussels Tel: (32.2) 229.39.11 Fax: (32.2) 219.41.51 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.ceps.eu CONTENTS Preface.....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Carbon Markets: the Simple Facts
    Carbon markets: the simple facts CARING FOR FOR CARING SERIES CLIMATE Anaïs Delbosc and Christian de Perthuis Anaïs Delbosc is a researcher at Mission Climat of Caisse des Dépôts. She researches the development of the EU ETS from both the financial and institutional perspectives. [email protected] - + 33 1 58 50 99 28 Christian de Perthuis is an Associate Professor at the University Paris-Dauphine and Scientific Advisor of Mission Climat of Caisse des Dépôts. His research areas include the functioning of the carbon markets and their link with both mitigation and adaptation policies. [email protected] - + 33 1 58 50 22 62 About the United Nations Global Compact Launched in 2000, the United Nations Global Compact is a both a policy platform and a practical framework for companies that are committed to sustainability and responsible business practices. As a multi-stakeholder leadership initiative, it seeks to align business operations and strategies with ten universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption and to catalyze actions in support of broader UN goals. It is the world’s largest voluntary corporate citizenship initiative, with over 6,500 signatories based in more than 130 countries. Visit: www.unglobalcompact.org. About the Mission Climat of Caisse des Dépôts The Mission Climat is the research centre on the economics of climate change at the Caisse des Dépôts, a French public financial institution. Hosted within the CDC Climat Department, it brings together a team of economists and engineers specialized in the economics of three main research areas: emissions trading schemes, emission reduction projects and the adaptation of territories to climate change.
    [Show full text]