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Large Phasmids in the Female of Meloidogyne Ethiopica Whitehead

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Large Phasmids in the Female of Meloidogyne Ethiopica Whitehead Short notes LARGE PHASMIDS IN THE FEMALE OF MELOIDOGYNE ETH/OP/CA WHITEHEAD A. Morgan GOLDEN Nematology Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Accepted for publication 10 May 1991. Key-words : Meloidogyne, phasmids. The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne elhiopica distinct phasmids and phasmidial canals difficult to Whitehead, 1968, was described from a single egg mass observe. This was further confirmed by examination of culture on tomato (type host) from the Mlalo region, females from several populations of M. incognila on Lushoto District, Tanga Province, Tanzania (type local­ hand from various sources, and races 1 and 2 of M. ity); cowpea was also given as a host. In doing so, arenaria. Following are ten other root-knot species Whitehead (1968) at the same time studied specimens of reported either by the original authors and/or by Jepson this species from a single egg mass culture on tomato (1987) to have large phasmids in the female : M. califor­ sent from Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and niensis Abdel-Rahman & Maggenti, 1987; M. kikuyensis slides from South Africa; both of these populations had De Grisse, 1960; M. kongi Yang el al., 1988; M. mali been previously identified by the senders as M. arenaria Itoh el al., 1969; M. naasi Franklin, 1965; M. nalaliei (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949. In the original description, Golden el al., 1981; M. oleifae Elmiligy, 1968; M. the perineal patterns of M. elhiopica were characterized ollersoni (Thome, 1969) Franklin, 1971; M. propora as varying from M. arenaria type to "acrila " type of Spaull, 1977; M. sewelli Mulvey & Anderson, 1980. M. incognila (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949, Specimens of these species (except M. kikuyensis and M. this being the case even with specimens from single egg kongi) from the USDA Nematode Collection were mass cultures. It seems possible that the nature of the examined and showed large, distinct phasmid. perineal pattern of M. elhiopica might sometimes have Recently Way (1990) raised a question about the made its accurate identification difficult or impossible, presence of M. elhiopica in Zimbabwe and suggested the especially in the absence of other highly distinctive possibility that this species might in fact be race 2 of M. features of the female. M. elhiopica was collected and arenaria. This does not seem at ail likely in view of the reported again by Whitehead (1969) from the Mlalo difference in size and prominence of female phasmids in region of Tanzania on bean (Vicia faba), black wattle these two species; and also the body and tail lengths of (Acacia mearnsii), cabbage, pepper (Capsicum frnles­ the juveniles in 1\1. arenaria are much greater than those cens), potato, pumpkin and tobacco. Jepson (1987) of M. elhiopica, among other characters. discussed this species but had no further information on It seems that the nature of the female phasmids in M. its distribution and hosts. However, O'Bannon (1975) elhiopica will be useful as a diagnostic character in found M. elhiopica in two locations in Ethiopia; on separating this species from M. arenaria and M. in­ Awasa Road, specimens were collected from lettuce, cognila; and furthermore, this prominent structure in soybean, sisal and three weeds (AgeralUm conyzoides, the other ten species noted above can be utilized to good Dalura slramonium, Solanum nigrnm); and at the advantage in identifying these species also. Tendaho-Dubte Estate only very few specimens were recovered from a cotton sample. Acknowledgrnents In studying an unidentified Meloidogyne species on Thanks are given to Donna M. S. Ellington, Support strawberry having perineal patterns with sorne similari­ Scientist, for technical assistance; to David Hooper, Ro­ ties to M. arenaria and M. incognila (1989), l obtained thamsted Experimental Station, England, for the slide with for comparison a type slide of M. elhiopica containing type specimens of M. ethiopica; to J. H. ü'Bannon, Florida about ten perineal patterns. [Photomicrographs of the Department of Agriculture, for copy of his FAü report on patterns were made with an automatic 35 mm camera nematode survey in Ethiopia; and to Hedwig Triantaphyllou, attached to a compound microscope with differential North Carolina State University, and J. D. Eisenback, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, for specimens of race 2 of M. arenaria. interference contrast.] Upon examination, it was obvious that the phasmids were large and distinct and with a conspicuous phasmidial canal (Fig. 1). They averaged References 24 jJ.m apart based on these few patterns. Size of the GOLDEN, A. M. & DICKSON, D. W. (1989). Morphology and phasmids of this species was not mentioned in the relationship of a Meloidogyne species on strawberry. J. original description or by Jepson (1987). Thus, the Nematol., 21 : 562. [Abstr.]. female phasmids in M. elhiopica offer a good diagnostic JEPSON, S. B. (1987). Identification of raot-knot nematodes character for differentiating this species from M. are­ (Meloidogyne species). Wallingford, UK, CAB Interna­ naria and M. incognila both of which have small, in- tional, 265 p. Vol. 15, nO 2 - 1992 189 A. M. Golden A- F E ::::L.. o LO G-K Fig. 1. Meloidogyne elhiopica Whitehead, 1968. Photomicrographs of perineal patterns of type specimens. A-F : Patterns of five different females, with focus on patterns in sorne and more on phasmids in others; G-K : Higher magnification of five perineal patterns, with focus primarily on phasmids CH and J are the same patterns as F and C, respectively). Arrows df>note phasmids. 190 Fundam. appl. NemalOl. Short notes O'BANNON, ]. H. (1975). NemalOde survey in Ethiopia. In­ WHITEHEAD, A. G. (1968). Taxonomy of Meloidogyne (Nema­ stiture of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and todea : Heteroderidae) with descriptions of four new species. FAO, Rome (unpubl.). Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 31 : 263-401. WHITEHEAD, A. G. (1969). The distribution of root-knot WAY, ]. 1. (1990). Identification of rootknot nematodes in nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in tropical Africa. NemalOlo­ Zimbabwe. NemalOlogica, 36 : 253-254. gica, 15 : 315-333. Vol. 15, nO 2 - 1992 191.
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