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Palestinian Authority Launches Campaign to Prevent Israeli Application of Its Sovereignty in Judea and Samaria

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Palestinian Authority Launches Campaign to Prevent Israeli Application of Its Sovereignty in Judea and Samaria רמה כ ז מל ו תשר מה ו ד י ע י ן ( למ מ" ) רמה כרמ כ ז ז מל מה ו י תשר עד מל מה ו ד ו י ד ע י י ע ן י ן ו ל ( רט למ ו מ" ר ) כרמ ז מה י עד מל ו ד י ע י ן ול רט ו ר Palestinian Authority launches campaign to prevent Israeli application of its sovereignty in Judea and Samaria (updated to June 2, 2020) June 2, 2020 Overview On May 19, 2020, a meeting of the Palestinian leadership was held in Ramallah, headed by Mahmoud Abbas. The meeting was about Israel’s intention to apply its sovereignty on parts of Judea and Samaria. It was attended by Palestinian Authority Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh, members of both the Fatah Central Committee and the PLO Executive Committee. At the end of the meeting, Mahmoud Abbas delivered a speech, stating that “the PLO and the State of Palestine are free today of any agreements and understandings with the governments of the United States and Israel and of all the undertakings derived from these agreements and understandings, including the security [agreements]” (WAFA, May 19, 2020). The meeting was held following the publication of the basic principles of the Likud and Blue and White parties, whereby Israel will work to apply its sovereignty starting on July 1, 2020, based on US President Donald Trump's statement and with the consent of the US.1 Right: Mahmoud Abbas delivering his speech to the Palestinian leadership. Left: The meeting of the Palestinian leadership in Ramallah (WAFA, May 19, 2020) 1 The basic principles of the Likud and Blue and White parties, signed on April 20, 2020, stipulate that the current prime minister (Benjamin Netanyahu) and the alternate prime minister (Benny Gantz) will act in all matters pertaining to President Trump's plan “with the consent of the United States.” After discussion and consultation between them, the two of them will be able “to bring the understanding reached with the United States on the application of Israeli sovereignty starting on July 1, 2020, to a discussion in the cabinet and the government and the approval of the government and/or the Knesset” (Knesset website, basic principles of the Likud and Blue and White parties, April 23, 2020). 137-20 2 Following Mahmoud Abbas’s speech, the Palestinian Authority, Fatah and the PLO launched a political, media and lawfare campaign intended to foil Israel’s intention to annex territory in Judea and Samaria. This campaign, which is still in its very early stages, is oriented at the international arena (mainly the EU), the inter-Arab arena (mainly Jordan), and international judicial institutions (mainly the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague). The campaign combines practical steps, mainly stopping the security and civilian coordination and contact between the PA and Israel, with steps taking place currently through diplomatic channels. The cessation of security and civilian coordination with Israel has begun to be implemented. However, it is still unclear how it will be carried out, how quickly, and what alternatives to the existing arrangements will be found. This is a complicated move following the COVID-19 crisis, taking place at a time when the PA is still in the midst of its worst economic recession in two decades2. Such a recession requires enhanced economic cooperation with Israel rather than cutting it off or putting obstacles in its way. Compromising the security coordination with Israel may also prove counterproductive to the Palestinian Authority as it will be more vulnerable to subversion by Hamas. Mahmoud Abbas and the Palestinian leadership are well aware of the heavy toll that stopping the security and civilian coordination and contact with Israel may exact from the PA and the Palestinian population. However, contrary to the past, it seems that this time they do intend to implement it, fully or at least partially, as a major component in the PA’s campaign to foil Israel’s intentions of annexation. In his speech, Mahmoud Abbas refrained from announcing the revocation of all the agreements with Israel or explicitly referring to the Oslo Accords. Apparently, the vague wording of Abbas’s speech was intended to give the Palestinian Authority political and legal flexibility in the campaign which it has just launched against Israel. As part of this flexibility, the PA continues to declare that it is committed to the two-state solution. The PA spokesmen, in their statements, also left the door open for alternative mediators to replace the United States as the leading mediator of the peace process, mainly having the International Quartet in mind. Another idea raised by the PA minister of foreign affairs is holding negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians in Moscow, under the 2 See the article of Maj.-Gen. Yoav (Poli) Mordechai and Michael Milstein, “Consequences of the Corona Crisis on the Palestinian Economy and on the Future of Relations between Israel and the West Bank,” (Heb.), the Institute for Policy and Strategy, IDC, May 27, 2020. 137-20 3 sponsorship of Russian President Vladimir Putin, even though the Palestinians doubt the effectiveness of such negotiations (RT, June 1, 2020). Thus, in Judea and Samaria, a new reality is emerging that is liable to put an end to the relative calm that has prevailed on the ground over the past decade. The volatile combination of an economic crisis, the application of Israeli law on Palestinian territory and the Palestinian Authority’s anti-Israel campaign is liable to lead to a rise in the level of violence beyond what we have known in recent years. Senior Fatah officials called for a “popular struggle” on the ground as part of the campaign against the annexation of the territory. Fatah Central Committee member Azzam al-Ahmad called for this struggle to be carried out through “peaceful resistance” (Wafa News Agency, June 1, 2020). Senior Fatah official Abd al-Mun’em Hamdan called on Palestinians not to allow settler groups to feel comfortable in the Palestinian territories (Dunya al-Watan, June 1, 2020). We have learned from past experience that such a popular struggle is not carried out “by peaceful means” but is expected to increase the level of popular terrorism and growing friction on the ground between Palestinians and Israeli residents. Cessation of security and civilian coordination Following Mahmoud Abbas’s speech, Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh met with the heads of the security services to discuss how to implement Mahmoud Abbas’s decision to stop the security coordination with Israel and the US. According to him, the Palestinian leadership’s decision has entered into effect and all the security services and institutions have begun to implement it (Wafa News Agency, May 21, 2020). Palestinian Security Forces Spokesman Major General Adnan al-Damiri announced that since the statement by Mahmoud Abbas (i.e., since May 19, 2020), there has been no contact whatsoever with the Israeli side, not even on day-to-day issues (Al-Araby Al-Jadeed, May 22, 2020). A “senior Palestinian source” told an Israeli correspondent that Mahmoud Abbas had ordered the Palestinian security services to break off contact with Israel immediately. Two senior figures who are in ongoing contact with Israel, Hussein al-Sheikh, head of the PA General Authority of Civil Affairs, and Majed Faraj, head of General Intelligence, were ordered to break off contact with Israel (Gal Berger’s Twitter account, Kan News, May 20, 2020). The PA is aware that the cessation of security and civilian coordination is a complex measure whose implementation is liable to take a heavy toll on the Palestinian 137-20 4 population and disrupt its day-to-day life. Fatah Deputy Chairman Mahmoud Aloul described this in an interview on Palestinian TV (May 27, 2020): Security coordination is nothing more than a clause in a wide range of issues on which contact with Israel is maintained. According to him, there are over 70-80 clauses [in agreements with Israel] pertaining to day-to-day issues on which contact with Israel is maintained, from healthcare to water, electricity and security coordination. The Palestinian leadership’s decision is that all ties with Israel on these issues will stop. The decision to break off ties is liable to affect many Palestinians and put pressure on them with regard to issues concerning their livelihood. People are liable to suffer for this issue. However, Mahmoud Abbas’s decision is “an opportunity to say no, and an opportunity to break free of all the shackles” that the Palestinians live with. In the ITIC’s assessment, unlike similar announcements in the past, this time the PA will be more determined in translating its decisions into actions on the ground, even in a partial and controlled manner. This is because the PA feels threatened by Israel’s intentions, and its objective is to exert as much pressure as possible on Israel (even at the cost of making life more difficult for the Palestinian population). However, it is still unclear how the coordination will be stopped, how quickly it will be terminated and what alternatives will be found. According to several media reports, a number of measures have been employed that compromise the security coordination, at least at the tactical level3. In other security and civil areas, working groups are in the process of examining alternatives that will minimize the disruption of the population’s daily life. Following is initial information about the steps being taken to terminate security and civilian coordination and the intentions for the future: Withdrawal from a number of villages northeast of Jerusalem: according to eyewitnesses, the Palestinian security forces have withdrawn from the villages northeast of Jerusalem that are included in Area B under the Oslo Accords (Anatolia, May 22, 2020).
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