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The Mystery of Pipe Acoustics
The mystery of pipe acoustics FRANTIŠEK KUNDRACIK Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Department of Experimental Physics Introduction Students at school are not given a lot of information about sound formation in pipes. Explanation is reduced to the description of the standing sound wave in the pipe and importance of the sharp edge, which is struck by the airflow. The aim of this article is to answer in more detail three fundamental questions about the sound formation in pipes: 1. Why is the area around the edge so important and how exactly does a clear and continuous tone arise? 2. How can we influence a tone height by the force of blowing or by covering the end hole? 3. Why does the fujara have three holes and why are pipes with six holes also popular? 1. Formation of a continuous tone in a pipe Tone in a pipe arises because of the periodic reflection of pressure wave at the ends of the pipe. Unlike the reflection from the covered end, in case of the reflection from the open end (or from the end with a window) the wave reflects in anti-phase and part of it leaves the pipe. To get a continuous tone, we must constantly supply energy to the reflecting wave, just like we supply energy to a swing by pushing it. Unlike the swing where our reflexes are faster than its motion, the sound wave motion is too quick for our reflexes, which means that blowing air into the pipe has to be automated. -
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
An Anthropological Perspective on Eastern and Western Folk Music
An Anthropological Perspective on Eastern and Western Folk Music Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Gurczak, Adam Stanley Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 21:02:58 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625002 AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON EASTERN AND WESTERN FOLK MUSIC By ADAM STANLEY GURCZAK ____________________ A Thesis Submitted to The Honors College In Partial Fulfillment of the Bachelors Degree With Honors in Music Performance THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MAY 2017 Approved by: _________________________ Dr. Philip Alejo Department of Music EASTERN AND WESTERN FOLK MUSIC 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 2 ARTIST’S STATEMENT 2 INTRODUCTION 3 ARGENTINE TANGO 4 PRE-TANGO HISTORY: RISE OF THE GAUCHOS 5 A BORDELLO UPBRINGING 5 THE ROOTS AND RHYTHMS OF TANGO 8 A WORLDWIDE SENSATION 9 THE FOREFATHERS OF TANGO 11 CHINESE TRADITIONAL MUSIC 13 THE PHILOSOPHY OF MUSIC 14 INSTRUMENTS OF THE EARTH 16 THE SOUND OF SCHOLARS 18 KOREAN GUGAK 21 GUGAK: A NATIONAL IDENTITY 22 SHAMANS, SINAWI, AND SANJO 24 NOBLE COURTS AND FARMYARDS 28 AMERICAN BLUEGRASS 30 GRASSROOTS, BLUEGRASS, AND BLUES 30 THE POLYNATION OF BLUEGRASS 33 CONCLUSION 36 BIBLIOGRAPHY 37 EASTERN AND WESTERN FOLK MUSIC 2 ABSTRACT The birth of folk music has always depended on the social, political, and cultural conditions of a particular country and its people. -
Francesco Mancini Solos for a Flute
FRANCESCO MANCINI Solos for a Flute Gwyn Roberts recorder • flauto traverso CHANDOS early music Dedication of the first edition of ‘XII Solos for a Flute’ Francesco Mancini (1672 – 1737) Solos for a Flute with a Thorough Bass for the Harpsichord or for the Bass Violin (1724) Sonata VI 8:17 in B flat major • in B-Dur • en si bémol majeur alto recorder, theorbo, harpsichord, and cello 1 Largo 2:01 2 Allegro 2:23 3 Largo 2:07 4 Allegro 1:37 Sonata IV 8:40 in A minor • in a-Moll • en la mineur alto recorder, archlute, and cello 5 Spiritoso – Largo 2:01 6 Allegro 2:35 7 Largo 2:07 8 Allegro spiccato 1:48 3 Sonata X 8:05 in B minor • in h-Moll • en si mineur voice flute and harpsichord 9 Largo 1:54 10 Allegro 2:19 11 Largo 2:01 12 Allegro 1:43 Sonata XII 8:29 in G major • in G-Dur • en sol majeur flauto traverso, theorbo, harpsichord, and cello 13 Allegro – Largo 2:09 14 Allegro 2:56 15 Andante 1:53 16 Allegro 1:23 4 Sonata XI 9:37 in G minor • in g-Moll • en sol mineur alto recorder, theorbo, and organ 17 Un poco andante 2:42 18 Allegro 2:07 19 Largo 2:22 20 Allegro 2:18 Sonata I 8:49 in D minor • in d-Moll • en ré mineur alto recorder and archlute 21 Amoroso 2:03 22 Allegro 2:15 23 Largo 2:04 24 Allegro 2:18 5 Sonata II 8:16 in E minor • in e-Moll • en mi mineur flauto traverso, harpsichord, and cello 25 Andante 1:29 26 Allegro 2:29 27 Largo 1:45 28 Allegro 2:25 Sonata V 7:31 in D major • in D-Dur • en ré majeur voice flute, guitar, harpsichord, and cello 29 Allegro – Largo 1:59 30 Allegro 2:16 31 Largo 1:33 32 Allegro 1:35 TT 68:01 Tempesta -
The Flutist Quarterly Volume Xxxv, N O
VOLUME XXXV , NO . 2 W INTER 2010 THE LUTI ST QUARTERLY Music From Within: Peter Bacchus Interviews Robert Dick Remembering Frances Blaisdell Running a Chamber Ensemble The Inner Flute: Lea Pearson THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE NATIONAL FLUTE ASSOCIATION , INC :ME:G>:C8: I=: 7DA9 C:L =:69?D>CI ;GDB E:6GA 6 8ji 6WdkZ i]Z GZhi### I]Z cZl 8Vadg ^h EZVgaÉh bdhi gZhedch^kZ VcY ÓZm^WaZ ]ZVY_d^ci ZkZg XgZViZY# Djg XgV[ihbZc ^c ?VeVc ]VkZ YZh^\cZY V eZg[ZXi WaZcY d[ edlZg[ja idcZ! Z[[dgiaZhh Vgi^XjaVi^dc VcY ZmXZei^dcVa YncVb^X gVc\Z ^c dcZ ]ZVY_d^ci i]Vi ^h h^bean V _dn id eaVn# LZ ^ck^iZ ndj id ign EZVgaÉh cZl 8Vadg ]ZVY_d^ci VcY ZmeZg^ZcXZ V cZl aZkZa d[ jcbViX]ZY eZg[dgbVcXZ# EZVga 8dgedgVi^dc *). BZigdeaZm 9g^kZ CVh]k^aaZ! IC (,'&& -%%".),"(',* l l l # e Z V g a [ a j i Z h # X d b Table of CONTENTS THE FLUTIST QUARTERLY VOLUME XXXV, N O. 2 W INTER 2010 DEPARTMENTS 5 From the Chair 51 Notes from Around the World 7 From the Editor 53 From the Program Chair 10 High Notes 54 New Products 56 Reviews 14 Flute Shots 64 NFA Office, Coordinators, 39 The Inner Flute Committee Chairs 47 Across the Miles 66 Index of Advertisers 16 FEATURES 16 Music From Within: An Interview with Robert Dick by Peter Bacchus This year the composer/musician/teacher celebrates his 60th birthday. Here he discusses his training and the nature of pedagogy and improvisation with composer and flutist Peter Bacchus. -
Dayton C. Miller Flute Collection
Guides to Special Collections in the Music Division at the Library of Congress Dayton C. Miller Flute Collection LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON 2004 Table of Contents Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................iii Biographical Sketch...............................................................................................................................................vi Scope and Content Note......................................................................................................................................viii Description of Series..............................................................................................................................................xi Container List..........................................................................................................................................................1 FLUTES OF DAYTON C. MILLER................................................................................................................1 ii Introduction Thomas Jefferson's library is the foundation of the collections of the Library of Congress. Congress purchased it to replace the books that had been destroyed in 1814, when the Capitol was burned during the War of 1812. Reflecting Jefferson's universal interests and knowledge, the acquisition established the broad scope of the Library's future collections, which, over the years, were enriched by copyright -
NYRO 2004 Booklet.Pub
Society of Recorder Players Charity no 282751 Helen Hooker Information booklet Designed by Helen Beare Price £2 activities workshops serious study music & residential courses instruments Recorder recorder orchestras www.srp.org.uk This page is blank www.srp.org.uk President Sir Peter Maxwell Davies CBE Chairmain Andrew Short, 12 Woodburn Terrace, Edinburgh, EH10 4SJ [email protected] Secretary Alistair Read, 6 Upton Court, 56 East Dulwich Grove, London SE2 8PS The SRP is a registered charity, no 282751 The first version of this booklet was compiled for the National Youth Recorder Orchestra 2003 so that young players could learn more about what is happening in the recorder world in the UK, contribute to and extend it. NYRO 2003 was funded by Youth Music as part of their outreach programme. The SRP committee decided in 2003 that it would be useful for further copies to be produced for general use. In 2004 a copy, free of charge, is being supplied to each member of the SRP funded by the Arthur Ingram legacy to the Society. The booket’s information will also be on the SRP website. Every effor has been made to include suppliers, courses and other information, and omissions are unintended. One-day workshops and playdays are not included in the booklet. Readers should check the SRP website, the Recorder Magazine and SRP branch Secretaries for up-to-date information and workshops. With thanks to Davide Beare, Andrew Short, Ashley Allerton, David Scruby and Jeremy Burbridge for their help, SRP Branch Secretaries for their involvement, Harry Routledge for illustrations, and above all to the Arthur Ingram legacy. -
Intraoral Pressure in Ethnic Wind Instruments
Intraoral Pressure in Ethnic Wind Instruments Clinton F. Goss Westport, CT, USA. Email: [email protected] ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Initially published online: High intraoral pressure generated when playing some wind instruments has been December 20, 2012 linked to a variety of health issues. Prior research has focused on Western Revised: August 21, 2013 classical instruments, but no work has been published on ethnic wind instruments. This study measured intraoral pressure when playing six classes of This work is licensed under the ethnic wind instruments (N = 149): Native American flutes (n = 71) and smaller Creative Commons Attribution- samples of ethnic duct flutes, reed instruments, reedpipes, overtone whistles, and Noncommercial 3.0 license. overtone flutes. Results are presented in the context of a survey of prior studies, This work has not been peer providing a composite view of the intraoral pressure requirements of a broad reviewed. range of wind instruments. Mean intraoral pressure was 8.37 mBar across all ethnic wind instruments and 5.21 ± 2.16 mBar for Native American flutes. The range of pressure in Native American flutes closely matches pressure reported in Keywords: Intraoral pressure; Native other studies for normal speech, and the maximum intraoral pressure, 20.55 American flute; mBar, is below the highest subglottal pressure reported in other studies during Wind instruments; singing. Results show that ethnic wind instruments, with the exception of ethnic Velopharyngeal incompetency reed instruments, have generally lower intraoral pressure requirements than (VPI); Intraocular pressure (IOP) Western classical wind instruments. This implies a lower risk of the health issues related to high intraoral pressure. -
2018 Available in Carbon Fibre
NFAc_Obsession_18_Ad_1.pdf 1 6/4/18 3:56 PM Brannen & LaFIn Come see how fast your obsession can begin. C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Booth 301 · brannenutes.com Brannen Brothers Flutemakers, Inc. HANDMADE CUSTOM 18K ROSE GOLD TRY ONE TODAY AT BOOTH #515 #WEAREVQPOWELL POWELLFLUTES.COM Wiseman Flute Cases Compact. Strong. Comfortable. Stylish. And Guaranteed for life. All Wiseman cases are hand- crafted in England from the Visit us at finest materials. booth 408 in All instrument combinations the exhibit hall, supplied – choose from a range of lining colours. Now also NFA 2018 available in Carbon Fibre. Orlando! 00 44 (0)20 8778 0752 [email protected] www.wisemanlondon.com MAKE YOUR MUSIC MATTER Longy has created one of the most outstanding flute departments in the country! Seize the opportunity to study with our world-class faculty including: Cobus du Toit, Antero Winds Clint Foreman, Boston Symphony Orchestra Vanessa Breault Mulvey, Body Mapping Expert Sergio Pallottelli, Flute Faculty at the Zodiac Music Festival Continue your journey towards a meaningful life in music at Longy.edu/apply TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter from the President ................................................................... 11 Officers, Directors, Staff, Convention Volunteers, and Competition Committees ................................................................ 14 From the Convention Program Chair ................................................. 21 2018 Lifetime Achievement and Distinguished Service Awards ........ 22 Previous Lifetime Achievement and Distinguished -
Musical Origins and the Stone Age Evolution of Flutes
Musical Origins and the Stone Age Evolution of Flutes When we, modern humans, emerged from Africa and colonized Europe Jelle Atema 45,000 years ago, did we have flutes in fist and melodies in mind? Email: [email protected] Introduction Music is an intensely emotional subject and the origins of music have fascinated Postal: people for millennia, going back to early historic records. An excellent review can Boston University be found in “Dolmetsch Online” (http://www.dolmetsch.com/musictheory35. Biology Department htm). Intense debates in the late 19th and early 20th century revolved around the 5 Cummington Street origins of speech and music and which came first. Biologist Charles Darwin, befit- Boston, MA 02215 ting his important recognition of evolution by sexual selection, considered that music evolved as a courtship display similar to bird song; he also felt that speech derived from music. Musicologist Spencer posited that music derived from the emotional content of human speech. The Darwin–Spencer debate (Kivy, 1959) continues unresolved. During the same period the eminent physicist Helmholtz- following Aristotle-studied harmonics of sound and felt that music distinguished itself from speech by its “fixed degree in the scale” (Scala = stairs, i.e. discrete steps) as opposed to the sliding pitches (“glissando”) typical of human speech. As we will see, this may not be such a good distinction when analyzing very early musi- cal instruments with our contemporary bias toward scales. More recent symposia include “The origins of music” (Wallin et al., 2000) and “The music of nature and the nature of music” (Gray et al., 2001). -
About the Artists
About the Artists Seo Hye Han, ballet Seo Hye Han joined Boston Ballet as a company dancer in 2012, after dancing with the Universal Ballet Company as a soloist for three seasons. She began her studies at the Korean National University of Arts and graduated in 2009. Han performed in the World Ballet Star Festival in Korea with Daniil Simkin and the Havana Ballet Festival in Cuba. She had roles in performances of Don Quixote (Kitri), La Bayadère (Gamzatti), Onegin (Olga), The Nutcracker (Clara), Swan Lake (Odette, Odile), Simchung (Simchung), and Kiří Kylían’s Sechs Tänze. Her repertoire with Boston Ballet includes George Ballanchine’s Jewels, Coppélia, Serenade, Symphony in Three Movements, Theme and Variation, and Kammermusik No. 2; John Cranko’s Onegin, Jorma Elo’s Bach Cello Suites, William Forsythe’s The Virtiginous Thrill of Exactitude, Jose Martinez’s Resonance, Wayne McGregor’s Chroma, and Mikko Nissinen’s The Nutcracker and Swan Lake. Han has received honors and awards in many international dance competitions including the silver medal in 2004 at Bulgaria’s Varna International Ballet Competition, a scholarship to Vaganova Ballet Academy in the 2005 Prix de Lausanne, a silver medal in the 2008 Varna International Ballet Competition, the Joffrey Prize in the 2010 USA International Ballet Competition, and the Gold Medal in the 2012 Boston International Ballet Competition. Han joined Boston Ballet in 2012 as a soloist and was promoted to principal dancer in 2016. Kari Juusela, cello Kari Henrik Juusela is a Finnish-American composer, performer, and educator who is dean of the Professional Writing and Music Technology Division at Berklee College of Music. -
The History and Practices of a Native American Flute Circle
REVIVAL AND COMMUNITY: THE HISTORY AND PRACTICES OF A NATIVE AMERICAN FLUTE CIRCLE A thesis submitted to the College of the Arts of Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Mary Jane Jones August, 2010 Thesis written by Mary Jane Jones B.M., Youngstown State University, 1978 M.S. in Ed., Youngstown State University, 1981 Ph.D., Kent State University, 1991 M.A., Kent State University, 2010 Approved by ________________________________, Advisor Terry E. Miller ________________________________, Director, School of Music Denise A. Seachrist ________________________________, Dean, College of the Arts John R. Crawford ii JONES, MARY JANE, M.A., AUGUST, 2010 MUSIC REVIVAL AND COMMUNITY: THE HISTORY AND PRACTICES OF A NATIVE AMERICAN FLUTE CIRCLE (64 PP.) Director of Thesis: Terry E. Miller Much knowledge about the Native American flute was lost following the suppression of Native American musical traditions by the United States government around the turn of the twentieth century. A renewal of interest in the instrument occurred in the latter part of the twentieth century, but few knew how to play the flute stylistically. As flute enthusiasts began meeting to learn and play together, flute circles emerged throughout North America and around the world. This thesis examines one such circle in Northeast Ohio and offers insight into the views and motivations of its members of Native descent. The practices of the flute circle and the relationships that formed among its members are investigated, as well as the reasons why these people have chosen to connect with their roots by means of playing the flute.