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The Investigation of Yazd Khan Bazaar with Emphasis on Bazaar Status in Eastern, Western and Islamic Thoughts

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The Investigation of Yazd Khan Bazaar with Emphasis on Bazaar Status in Eastern, Western and Islamic Thoughts DOI 10.47176/kurmanj.3.2.1 Original Article KURMANJ, 2021; 3(2): 1-13 S RPH The Investigation of Yazd Khan Bazaar with Emphasis on Bazaar Status in Eastern, Western and Islamic Thoughts Elham Sharifian1, Sahar Saadat*2 and Maryam Rajabi 3 1,2,3 Master of Urban Design, Faculty ABSTRACT of Art and Architecture, Yazd University, Iran. Trade as the most important form of social exchange is one of the main activities of human beings. An activity that has led to construction of special spaces and *Corresponding Author: places called "Bazaar" in various forms, and also Islamic cities are recognized by the bazaar from all cities of different historical periods. Therefore, the purpose of [email protected] this article is to analyze the bazaar element in Yazd as an example of Iranian- Received: 15 January, 2021 Islamic cities. The method used in the above research is descriptive and survey. at Accepted: 23 March, 2021 first, the different utopias of Western thinkers and also ten Islamic cities, Published: 04 April, 2021 randomly inside and outside Iran(instead of eastern utopias) were selected based on age and reputation. They were examined and their indicators of bazaars were extracted. Finally, according to extracted indicators of bazaars in western and Islamic cities, the degree of conformity of Yazd Khan Bazaar with the bazaar of Western and Islamic thinkers was examined. The research shows that the bazaar element, in some cities such as Yazd, still plays a role as the main feature of the city and has the appropriate physical and social credibility. In addition, after examining the characteristics of different bazaars, it was found that Yazd Khan Bazaar is the most similar to the bazaars of Islamic cities in terms of physics and construction pattern. Keywords: Bazaar, Bazaar’ indicators, Eastern utopias, Western utopias, Islamic cities Introduction their utopias (pattern of Bazar structure, Covered or uncovered, location, etc). This is not the case in Bazar is the meeting place of forces or conditions in Eastern utopias such as Farabi's utopia, Ibn Sina or Ibn which the buyer and the seller make a decision that Khaldun [4, 5]. What has been discussed in Eastern results in the transfer of goods and services [1]. The utopias are concepts such as a sense of perfectionism, element of the Bazar has always played an important humanity and attention to principles such as role as a basic element in cities in the physical structure cooperation, justice, participation, etc., and they do not of the city and responding to the needs of its citizens, have suggestions about the physical issues of their and has always been important in the western and utopia and the physical characteristics of the bazaar. eastern utopias as well as in Islamic cities as a physical Therefore, due to the similarity of Eastern utopias to and economic element. In contemporary urban Islamic cities and also the birth and breeding of many research, the Bazar has been studied in various eastern utopias in the heart of the Islamic government, dimensions and fields. Such as the field of urban to extract and identify the physical indicators of the planning, architecture, geography, economy, society, etc Bazar in Eastern utopias, Islamic cities were referred. [2, 3]. Looking at past studies of Western utopias, one Iran, as one of the ancient human civilizations, has can see the physical characteristics of the Bazar in their played a very active role in the maturity of Islamic descriptions of their utopias. In other words, some urban planning. So that in this land, many cities with theorists of Western utopias in their physical Islamic figures have grown up. The most important of descriptions of their proposed utopia, have separately these cities are Mashhad, Kerman, Yazd and Isfahan referred to the main characteristics of the bazaar in [6]. Therefore, in order to extract and identify the Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing House (SRPH), Shirvan, Iran ttp://srpub.org Email: [email protected] KURMANJ, 2021; 3(2): 1-13 physical characteristics of the bazaar in the utopias of utopia has unique features and characteristics in Islamic the eastern cities, we referred to ten Islamic cities thought [8]. outside and inside Iran. The method used in the above The concept and position of Bazaar in the utopias research is descriptive and survey method. Thus, at the of Western thinkers beginning of the review process, a large part of the physical indicators of the Bazar, through library and Bazar is an ancient space that has always played an documentary studies, photography and video, important role since the beginning of urban history and extracted. After the physical indicators in the western has been a place for gathering and trading, the center of and eastern bazaars were identified, a sample of the riots and movements, the spread of public awareness bazaars of Yazd city, called Khan Bazaar, was selected and the acquaintance of people with each other. The as a site due to its originality, antiquity and reputation. word bazaar in the Pahlavi language is "vachar" and in Finally, after comparing the indicators and criteria of Dari Persian "vazar". The suffix “Zar” in Dari Persian Khan Yazd bazaar, it was found that this bazaar is means "place of trade". A bazaar is a place where more similar to the bazaars of the Islamic period. sellers and buyers meet. This contact may take place face to face, Or by telephone, telegraph and other Methodology means of mass communication, in which case the bazaar becomes global [9]. In fact, the bazaar is the From the methodological point of view, the present intersection of forces or conditions in which the buyer study has been among the qualitative researches. it has and seller make a decision that results in the transfer of been done by reviewing books, articles and scientific goods and services [1]. reports, as well as by referring to domestic and foreign The concept and position of the bazaar in the utopias databases, as well as by attending available bazaars and of western thinkers. The utopia of “Charles Fourier” field surveys. The independent variable is Bazaar and was Falanster, whose goal was to reduce the turmoil in trade centers in Islamic civilization and the dependent the economy and replace cooperatives with competitive variable is Bazaar types and trade centers in Islamic wars between agricultural and craft units [10]. The lands, western and eastern utopias based on their center of the palace or Falanster should be dedicated to physical appearance and their characteristics. For this quiet functions such as dining halls, stock exchanges, purpose the western utopias and ten examples of Souk councils, libraries, research and so on. One of the side Al-Hamidiyeh, Souk Al-Medina, Al-Aleppo, Istanbul facades should bring all the factories together. This districts, Khan Al-Khalili Cairo and Al-Fana Bazaar in gathering eliminates the noise and other disturbances Morocco, Tehran Grand Bazaar, Ganjali Khan Bazaar, of this factory for the residents of Falanster [11]. Tabriz Grand Bazaar, Ardabil Bazaar, Qazvin Bazaar Falanster should include many public relations halls in are also studied in more detail. The characteristics of addition to individual apartments. These halls are the formation of these samples have been compared graded. This complex does not allow any irregularities. with Khan Yazd Bazaar. In his utopia, Fourier did not use the word bazaar in his proposed city, but if the activities mentioned in his The concept of utopia proposals are considered as trading activities, it can be The concept of "utopia" is complex. As utopian said that he considered the center of Falanster as a theorists and writers have failed to come up with a bazaar place. common definition. But the word utopia is derived In his dream city, “Richardson” focused more on from the Greek word “topos” meaning place, which health and tried to design the city with the lowest theorists, by adding the letter negation, make it a mortality rate, which is probably why he focused all his negative concept that means goodness, nothingness or attention on health and health uses. And does not offer the best place, and according to Sheikh Ishraq Shahab a proposal for the concept of bazaar and commercial al-Din Suhrawardi means nowhere [7]. The theory of use. Richardson In his dream city, Richardson focused utopia is also based on the optimistic idea of the more on health and tried to design the city with the possibility of creating cities that are in any way, lowest mortality rate, which is probably why he focused systematic and under the close supervision of the all his attention on health and health uses And does not government or special religious or political and legal offer a proposal for the concept of bazaar and organizations or run by philosophers, sages or commercial use. According to “Joseph Proudhon”, it is ideologues. In addition, the tradition of idealism is desirable for a bazaar in which perishable materials are formed on the basis that the general goals of the utopia accumulated to be without a roof. The unfavorable are clearly stated, although the ways to achieve the weather conditions do not allow us to do so. , There is idealistic goals are not obvious, and it is based on trying no fulcrum in this part (because there is no roof). to fertilize the imagination of the people [7] Islamic Columns designed to support the roof should take up civilization, due to its special and unique features, as little space as possible. Therefore, according to paints its own image and face of its desired utopia. This Proudhon, the ideal bazaar is a bazaar that has no roof to allow more air to flow.
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