Electronic Techtonics: Thinking at the Interface
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ELECTRONIC TECHTONICS: THINKING AT THE INTERFACE Proceedings of the First International HASTAC Conference Duke University, Durham, North Carolina April 19-21, 2007 EDITORS: Erin Ennis Zoë Marie Jones Paolo Mangiafico Mark Olson Jennifer Rhee Mitali Routh Jonathan E. Tarr Brett Walters This conference was organized by the “Interface” Seminar of the John Hope Franklin Humanities Institute at Duke University as its contribution to HASTAC’s In|Formation Year. Copyright © 2008 HASTAC HASTAC uses Creative Commons licenses for all of its endeavors. Electronic Techtonics: Thinking at the Interface sessions and presentations are available in streaming format on the HASTAC website, http://www.hastac.org. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Published by Lulu Press http://stores.lulu.com/hastac Cover design by Jason Doty. ISBN 978-1-4357-1362-8 CONTENTS Preface iv Acknowledgments v About HASTAC viii The 1st International HASTAC Conference Program x Opening Remarks 1 Cathy N. Davidson Panel 1: Funding the Digital Future* 5 Brett Bobley Karl Brown Jerry Heneghan Gary Kebbel Kevin M. Guthrie Steven C. Wheatley Constance M. Yowell Panel 2: Interface Genealogies Caitlin Fisher 7 “Interface Epistemology: Hypermedia Work in the Academy” Lisa Gitelman** “Xerographers of the Mind: The Lost Idea of the Photocopy” Matthew Tinkcom 16 “Eduction: A Theory of Value in the Digital Cinematic Epoch” Panel 3: Theorizing Interface Sylvia Nagl and Sally Jane Norman 30 “Raranga Tangata: The Weaving Together of People” Nicole Starosielski 34 “Reskinning the Digital Surface: Borders and Immobility at the Interface” Sarah Sweeney 41 “Way-Finding on the Web: Urban Planning and the Virtual Interface” i Panel 4: Electronic Book Review 4.0: Toward a Semantic Literary Web-Based Interface Anne Burdick 49 “The Interface as a Tool for Reading and Writing: The Design of Electronic Book Review’s Graphical User Interface” Joseph Tabbi 67 “All Over Writing: The Electronic Book Review (version 4.0)” Ewan Branda 81 “A Map of Relations: Three Interfaces in the Electronic Book Review” Panel 5: The World Wide Web Evolves** 92 Dan Connolly “How the W3C Process Got Its Stripes” Pat Hayes and Margaret Warren “Artspeak: The Contemporary Artist Meets the Semantic Web. Creating Formal Semantic Web Ontologies from the Language of Artists” David de Roure “Grid of People” Henry Thompson “The Humanities, the New Empiricism, and the World Wide Web” Panel 6: Racing (through) Domains Jessie Daniels 94 “Searching for Dr. King: Teens, Race and Cloaked Websites” Simone Browne** “(Im)mobility Documents, Race, and Surveillance” Irene Chien** “Orienting Inner Space: Biofeedback Gaming and the Racialized Landscape of Mind, Body, and Spirit” Michele White 117 “The Hand Blocks the Screen: A Consideration of the Ways the Interface is Raced” ii Panel 7: Connecting the (Virtual) Dots Timothy R. Tangherlini, Zoe Borovsky, and Todd Presner 130 “Thick Viewing: Integrated Visualization Environments for Humanities Research on Complex Corpora” Helen Papagiannis 138 “Augmented Memories, Digital and Analog Realities” John H. Johnston** “Artificial Life: New Media Object as a New Space of Exploration” Caren Kaplan 141 “‘Everything is Connected’: Aerial Perspectives, the ‘Revolution in Military Affairs,’ and Digital Culture” Panel 8: Innerspace and Interface Jennifer E. Boyle 152 “The Hollins Community Project: Interfacing Affect” Tim Wang and Ulrich Rauch 158 “An Arts Metaverse: Reconstructing the Past (A Short Review)” John Toenjes and David Marchant 165 “Finding Humanity within the Machine: Large Motor Movement Computer Interfacing as an Artistic Mindbody Integrative Practice” Panel 9: Ludic Depths: Games, Narratives, Platforms Ian Bogost and Nick Montfort 176 “New Media as Material Constraint: An Introduction to Platform Studies” Patricia Seed 193 “Looking Back: A Decade of Using Games to Teach History, 1996-2006” Noah Wardrip-Fruin 201 “Internal Processes and Interface Effects: Three Relationships in Play” * The audio for this panel is available at www.hastac.org. ** Available in digital format in the video archives of the conference at www.hastac.org. iii Preface This volume originated in HASTAC’s first international conference, “Electronic Techtonics: Thinking at the Interface,” held at Duke University during April 19-21, 2007. “Electronic Techtonics” was the site of truly unforgettable conversations and encounters that traversed domains, disciplines, and media – conversations that explored the fluidity of technology both as interface as well as at the interface. This hardcopy version of the conference proceedings is published in conjunction with its electronic counterpart (found at www.hastac.org). Both versions exist as records of the range and depth of conversations that took place at the conference. Some of the papers in this volume are almost exact records of talks given at the conference, while others are versions that were revised and reworked some time after the conference. These papers are drawn from a variety of fields and we have not made an effort to homogenize them in any way, but have instead retained the individual format and style of each author. This hardcopy volume does not contain every work presented at the conference. While the papers included in this volume can be found in both hardcopy and electronic publications, versions of other events and presentations can only be found in the electronic volume of the proceedings. For example, the four keynote speeches (by John Seely Brown, James Boyle, John Unsworth, and Rebecca Allen) are not included in this volume. Likewise, some of the events listed in the conference program/table of contents exist in media forms more amenable to electronic publication, such as the panel discussions. Both the keynote addresses and the panel discussions are available in digital format in the video archives of the conference (www.hastac.org). In publishing the proceedings of the HASTAC conference as such (collaboratively across media), we hope to capture some of the innovation, dynamism, and creative urgency that invigorated the three days of the conference itself. -- The Editorial Collective iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS HASTAC would like to acknowledge the generous support of our sponsors and the extraordinary effort of those who made possible our first international conference. Sponsors: Duke University Office of the President, Office of the Provost, Vice Provost for Academic Affairs, Office of Information Technology, John Hope Franklin Humanities Institute, John Hope Franklin Center for Interdisciplinary and International Studies, Program in Information Science + Information Studies (ISIS), Nasher Museum of Art, Department of Art, Art History, and Visual Studies, School of Nursing, Fitzpatrick Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences (FCIEMAS). John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation MacArthur’s $50 million digital media and learning initiative seeks to gain a better understanding of how digital technologies are changing how young people learn, play, socialize, exercise judgment, and engage in civic life. Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI) The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar on Human Being, Human Diversity, and Human Welfare The National Science Foundation Digital Promise Conference Committee: Cathy N. Davidson, Chair Jonathan E. Tarr: HASTAC Project Manager Nihad Farooq: Conference Session and Panel Coordinator Erin Ennis, HASTAC Conference Special Assistant Pamela Gutlon: Site Consultant Mark Olson: Director of New Media and Information Technology Brett Walters: HASTAC Webmaster Jason Doty: Graphic Designer Harry Halpin: Demo/Exhibits Support Program Selection Committee: Interface Seminar, John Hope Franklin Humanities Institute, Duke University. Co-conveners, Tim Lenoir (Kimberly Jenkins Chair in New Technologies and Society) and Priscilla Wald (English). Members: Anne Allison (Cultural Anthropology), Rachael Brady (Visualization Technology Group, Electrical and Computer Engineering), v Cathy N. Davidson (Franklin Humanities Institute Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies), Guven Guzeldere (Philosophy, Linguistics, Neurobiology, Psychology, and Neuroscience), Orit Halpern (Postdoctoral Fellow, Historical Studies), Andrew Janiak (Philosophy), Harry Halpin (Philosophy and Computer Science), David Liu (Religion), Marilyn Lombardi (Office of Information Technology), Paolo Mangiafico (Digital Projects, Perkins Library), Robert Mitchell (English), Mark Olson (New Media and Information Technology, John Hope Franklin Center), Jennifer Rhee (Literature), Mitali Routh (Art, Art History and Visual Studies), and Kristine Stiles (Art, Art History and Visual Studies). Keynote Speakers: John Seely Brown, University of Southern California; James Boyle, Duke University; John Unsworth, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; and Rebecca Allen, University of California, Los Angeles. A special thank you for support and participation to the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation: Julia M Stasch, Vice President, Human and Community Development; Constance M. Yowell, Director of Education. Thank you to Durham Public Schools: Superintendent Carl Harris; Nancy Hester, Associate Superintendent; Terri Mozingo, Chief Academic Officer. Special thanks