Annual Report Norske Skog
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4.3 Optical Properties
Summary Mechanical pulping is a process for production of wood pulp in papermaking. Thermomechanical Pulp (TMP) and Groundwood (GW) are historically the two production methods used for mechanical pulping. Because of high electrical prices and increasing requirements in pulp quality it is of interest to improve the mechanical pulping process. The Advanced Thermomechanical Pulp (ATMP) process is a development of the TMP process developed to reduce the electrical energy consumption in production of mechanical pulp. ATMP also has better strength properties and optical properties compared to TMP. Andritz, Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI) and Norske Skog together have developed this production method throughout several pilot plant trials with excellent results. Mechanical pre-treatment of wood chips with a screw press and chemical addition in a high intensity primary refining stage are the features of the ATMP process. This process has recently been described (Hill et al. 2009, Hill et al. 2010, Gorski et al. 2011 and Johansson et al. 2011). Improvements in the electrical energy efficiency in refining of up to 0,65 MWh/odt or 34 % as well as higher brightness and lower shive contents compared to reference TMP pulp were shown for spruce raw material (Gorski et al. 2011) To further understand what happens with the pulp in ATMP process compared to the TMP process different investigations were carried out. Methylene blue sorption were evaluated and used to measure the total amount of anionic groups on both ATMP and TMP produced pulps. ATMP produced pulps achieved a higher number of acidic groups compared to pulps without addition of chemicals for not only the whole pulp but also for three different fractions of each pulp. -
Effects of Matte Coating on the Paper Surface and Print Density
DOI 10.1515/secm-2012-0070 Sci Eng Compos Mater 2013; 20(2): 141–145 Cem Aydemir * , Zafer Ö zomay , Arif Karademir and Emine Arman Kand ı rmaz Effects of matte coating on the paper surface and print density Abstract: In this work, standard laboratory printing appli- papers. Fiber properties such as coarseness, beating, filler cations with IGT (ISO 12647-2) were applied on uncoated loading, pressing, calendering and coating are some of and matte-coated papers using offset inks (DIN ISO 2846-1). the main factors that mostly affect the surface roughness Surface roughnesses of uncoated and coated sheets were and porosity of paper products. The diameters of pores recorded to be 195 and 13 ml/min, respectively. Air perma- and uniform distribution in the paper structure are also nence values of uncoated and coated papers were found important for ink absorption [1, 2] . to be 5.6 and 0.103 μ m/Pa · s, respectively. Changes in A liquid droplet touching a paper surface tends to both the print densities were recorded up to 48 h. Print den- penetrate into the paper structure and spread over the sity changes for uncoated and matte-coated papers were surface. The extent of penetration or spreading depends surprisingly found to be in similar paths (8 % in the first on both the properties of the paper and liquids (ink) and 4 h), although significant differences between surface environmental conditions like temperature, humidity and roughnesses were recorded. Furthermore, paper samples pressure. Inks can be classified into three main groups showed similar behaviors for the percent volume changes, according to the carrier medium as solvent-based, oil-based where drop volume disappeared within 6 min. -
7/1 Environmental Exposure Assessment ENV/JM/EEA(2004)
For Official Use ENV/JM/EEA(2004)7/1 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 17-Aug-2004 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ English - Or. English ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE JOINT MEETING OF THE CHEMICALS COMMITTEE AND For Official Use ENV/JM/EEA(2004)7/1 THE WORKING PARTY ON CHEMICALS, PESTICIDES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Environmental Exposure Assessment DRAFT EMISSION SCENARIO ON PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY KRAFT PULP MILLS Meeting of the Task Force on Envionmental Exposure Assessment, to be held in Vienna, Austria on 13-15 September 2004 Mr. Eisaku Toda Tel: +33 1 45 24 79 07, Fax: +33 1 45 24 16 73, E-mail: [email protected] English - Or. English JT00168124 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format ENV/JM/EEA(2004)7/1 This document includes a draft emission scenario document (ESD) on pulp and paper industry kraft pulp mills, submitted by Canada. Action required: The Task Force is invited to review this document, and consider the next steps for the finalisation of the document. 2 ENV/JM/EEA(2004)7/1 Emission Scenario Document for Kraft Pulp Mills Prepared for Environment Canada Environmental Protection Service New Substances Branch Place Vincent Massey, 351 St. Joseph Blvd., 14th Floor GATINEAU, QUEBEC, CANADA K1A 0H3 Contact: Mr. Jonathan Tigner Tel: (819) 997-5804 Fax: (819) 953-7155 E-MAIL: [email protected] Prepared by Crechem Technologies Inc. 1438 Bradshaw Crescent Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1B 5G2 www.crechem.com Contact: Jesse Shen Tel: (613) 744-6001 Fax: (613) 744-0573 E-mail: [email protected] In association with JANCO 4 De Caria Blvd. -
2011 Vendor Application Commodity List Expanded.Xlsx
City of Dayton Commodity Code List Select the Entire Sheet to UNHIDE the Detail Rows Section COMMODITY_ID COMMODITY_NAME 005 00500 ABRASIVES 00514 Abrasives, Coated: Cloth, Fiber, Sandpaper, etc. 00521 Abrasives, Sandblasting, Metal 00528 Abrasives, Sandblasting (Other than Metal) 00542 Abrasives, Solid: Wheels, Stones, etc. 00556 Abrasives, Tumbling (Wheel) 00563 Grinding and Polishing Compounds: Carborundum, Dia 00570 Pumice Stone 00584 Steel Wool 00599 Misc. Abrasives 010 01000 ACOUSTICAL TILE, INSULATING MATERIALS, AND SUPPLIE 01005 Acoustical Tile, All Types 01008 Acoustical Tile Accessories: Channels, Grids, Moun 01009 Acoustical Tile Insulation 01011 Adhesives and Cements, Acoustical Tile 01014 Adhesives and Cements, Insulation 01017 Aluminum Foil etc. 01030 Bands, Clips, and Wires (For Pipe Insulation) 01038 Clips, Pins, etc. (For Duct Insulation) 01041 Cork: Blocks, Boards, Sheets, etc. 01045 Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems 01053 Fiberglass: Batts, Blankets and Rolls 01056 Foam Glass: Blocks, Sheets, etc. 01057 Foam‐in‐Place Insulation: Phenolic, Urethane, etc. 01059 Foam Plastics: Blocks, Boards, Sheets, etc. 01063 Insulation, Blown Type 01065 Jacketing (For Insulation): Canvas, Osnaburg, etc. 01070 Magnesia: Blocks, Sheets, etc. 01072 Mineral Wool: Blankets, Blocks, Boards 01075 Paints, Primers, Sealers, etc. (For Insulation) 01076 Paper Type Insulation Material (Cellulose, etc.) 01078 Pipe and Tubing Insulation, All Types 01081 Preformed Insulation, All Types (For Ells, Tees, V 01084 Rubber Insulation 01099 Misc. Acc. -
Statoil 2006 Sustainability Report
mastering challenges Statoil and sustainable development 2006 Our performance at a glance Financials1 2006 2005 2004 Total revenues 425,166 387,411 301,443 Income before financial items, other items, income taxes and minority interest 116,881 95,043 65,085 Net income 40,615 30,730 24,916 Cash flows used in investing activities 40,084 37,664 31,959 Return on average capital employed after tax 27.1% 27.6% 23.5% Operations Combined oil and gas production (thousand boe/d) 1,135 1,169 1,106 Proved oil and gas reserves (million boe) 4,185 4,295 4,289 Production cost (NOK/boe) 26.6 22.2 23.3 Reserve replacement ratio (three-year average) 0.94 1.02 1.01 Environment2 Oil spills (cubic metres) 156.7 442 186 Carbon dioxide emissions (million tonnes) 10.0 10.3 9.8 Nitrogen oxide emissions (tonnes) 31,600 34,700 31,100 Discharges of harmful chemicals (tonnes) 15 40 167 Energy consumption (TWh) 49.4 50.4 48.1 Waste recovery factor 0.73 0.76 0.76 Health and safety Total recordable injury frequency3 5.7 5.1 5.9 Serious incident frequency3 2.1 2.3 3.2 Sickness absence4 3.5 3.5 3.2 Fatalities3 0 2 3 Organisation Employee satisfaction5 4.6 4.6 4.6 Proportion of female managers6* 26% 25% 26% Union membership (per cent of workforce), Statoil ASA* 70 72 73 R&D expenditures7 1,225 1,066 1,027 1 Key figures given in NOK million 6 New reporting system implemented 2 Data cover Statoil-operated activities. -
Paper and Surface Chemistry – Part 1- Fiber Surface and Wet End Chemistry
Paper and Surface Chemistry – Part 1- Fiber Surface and Wet End Chemistry Pedro Fardim Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brazil Present Address: Process Chemistry Group, Åbo Akademi University, Turku/Åbo, Finland Abstract Paper manufacturing and converting involves a multitude of surface chemical interactions. Beating, stock preparation, coating and converting processes are steps where surface phenomena play an important role for product consolidation and performance. Interactions between fibers and colloidal particles, polymers, minerals and, dyes are fundamental in papermaking and most of them are complex and not very well understood. Thus, many paper formulations are designed according to an empirical trial-and-error approach. This work is a critical literature review of some of the interactions present in papermaking, coating, and printing. In the first part, the current models for fiber surfaces and their interactions in the wet end are discussed. Limitations concerning the fiber surface definition and the available models based on direct observation, DLVO theory, and a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches are highlighted. Complexity factors such as surface composition heterogeneity, contamination from manufacturing processes, and surface mobility are suggested to be considered. Surface interactions present in the wet end, with focus on reversible and irreversible flocculation as well as on the flocculation mechanisms concerning fibers, polymers and micro-particles are also discussed. The role of the fiber surface chemical composition on flocculation and flock size and the influence from the chemical medium in the paper machine is reviewed. Papermaking is suggested as being a fiber surface modification process once polymers and other chemicals are used to change the surface energy and chemical composition. -
Et Kraftmarked Blir Til Et Tilbakeblikk På Den Norske Kraftmarkedsreformen
Et kraftmarked blir til Et tilbakeblikk på den norske kraftmarkedsreformen Jan Moen Sverre Sivertsen (red.) Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat 2007 Norges vassdrags- og energrdirektorat Middelthunsgate 29 Postboks 5091 Majorstua 0301 Oslo Telefon: 22 95 95 95 Telefaks: 22 95 90 00 Internett www.nve.no Formgivning og layout: Rune Stubrud, NVE Trykk Grafia AS Foto NVE hvor ikke annet er oppgitt Opplag: 2000 ISBN 978-82-410-0639-5 Innhold Forord 5 Innføringen av energiloven sett innenfra Svein Roar Brunborg 9 Bakgrunnen for den norske kraftmarkedsreformen Einar Hope 25 NVE og energiloven Erling Diesen 38 Et statlig nettselskap blir til Svein Storstein Pedersen 48 Punkttariffer - en viktig byggesten i kraftmarkedet Jon Sagen 57 NVE innfører ny regulering av nettvirksomheten Jan Moen 67 Effektivitetsanalyser i reguleringen av nettselskapene Tore Langset 77 KILE-ordning - en stimulans til å opprettholde sikker levering av elektrisk kraft Tore Langset 84 Husholdningsmarket blir skapt Jan Moen 89 Den norske kraftmarkedsreformen og samarbeidet med Europa Jan Moen 96 Forord I de senere årene er det kommet flere bøker om norsk kraftforsyning. Ingen av bøkene tar spesielt for seg kraftmarkedsreformen som kom med innføringen av den nye energiloven i 1991. En av de mest grundige analysene av norsk kraftforsyning finner vi i boka "Strøm og styring" forfattet av Lars Thue der NVE er oppdragsgiver. Boka kom i 1996 da NVE feiret sitt 75 års-jubileum. Lars Thue dekker en lang periode fra starten på elektrifiseringen av landet rundt 1900, og fram til 1990-tallet da de viktigste brikkene i kraftmarkedsreformen var lagt. De fleste forfatterne vier ikke kraftreformen særlig stor interesse. -
Migration Studies of Chloropropanols from Paperboard Packaging
MIGRATION STUDIES OF CHLOROPROPANOLS FROM PAPERBOARD PACKAGING IN CONTACT WITH FOODSTUFFS by GREGORY V. PACE A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School - New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Food Science written under the direction of Professor Thomas G. Hartman and approved by ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey January 2011 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Migration Studies of Chloropropanols from Paperboard Packaging in Contact with Foodstuffs By GREGORY V. PACE Dissertation Director: Professor Thomas G. Hartman The food processing of acid hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP) results in the chlorination of residual lipids to form chloropropanols. 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol; 3-MCPD), and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP), are the most common chloropropanols found in HVP foods and also soy sauces. The manufacturing process of paperboard food packaging may also produce chloropropanols. 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP can be found in paperboard when wet-strength resins made with epichlorohydrin are used. 1,3-DCP had been determined to be carcinogenic in rats and mice. 3-MCPD was a suspected carcinogen , and has recently been moving towards classification as a carcinogen. The European (EU) Commission and the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) have set maximum levels in food and food paperboard packaging for 3-MCPD ii and 1,3-DCP. In October 2010, 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP were added to the California Proposition 65 list of compounds known to State to cause cancer. -
Halvårsrapport 2006
STATENS EIERBERETNING FØRSTE HALVÅR 2006 VELKOMMEN Innhold Statens Eierberetning for første halvår 2006 omfatter 51 selskaper hvor statens direkte eierskap forvaltes av departementene. Selskapene som omtales er kommersielle selskaper og de største og viktigste selskapene med andre mål. Beretningen beskriver enkelte viktige eiersaker i selskapene i perioden. Selskapenes nøkkeltall gjengis, samt beregnet avkastning på statens aksjer i de børsnoterte selskapene. Beretningen gir blant annet en samlet oversikt med styresammensetningene per 31. august 2006 og utbetalte utbytter i 2006. For en mer fullstendig omtale av statens eierskapsforvaltning, vises det til den årlige Eierberetningen, senest utgitt for 2005. 3 Statens eierberetning første halvår 2006 11 Helse Sør RHF 16 Petoro AS 3 Viktige eiersaker i første halvår 2006 11 Helse Vest RHF 16 Posten Norge AS 4 Konsernresultat første halvår 2006 12 Helse Øst RHF 16 SAS AB 6 Utvikling første halvår 2006 12 Husbanken 17 Simula Research Laboratory AS 7 Mottatte utbytter og salgsproveny, 12 Industritjeneste AS 17 SIVA SF kapitalinnskudd og aksjekjøp 12 Innovasjon Norge 17 Statkraft SF 8 Argentum Fondsinvesteringer AS 13 Kings Bay AS 17 Statnett SF 8 Avinor AS 13 Kommunalbanken AS 18 Statoil ASA 8 Baneservice AS 13 Kompetansesenter for IT i helse- 18 Statskog SF 8 BaneTele AS og sosialsektoren AS 18 Statskonsult AS 9 Bjørnøen AS 13 Kongsberg Gruppen ASA 18 Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani AS 9 Cermaq ASA 14 Mesta AS 19 Telenor ASA 9 DnB NOR ASA 14 Nammo AS 19 Uninett AS 9 Eksportfi nans ASA 14 NORFUND 19 Universitetssenteret på Svalbard AS 10 Electronic Chart Centre AS 14 Norsk Eiendomsinformasjon AS 19 Venturefondet AS 10 Entra Eiendom AS 15 Norsk Hydro ASA 20 Veterinærmedisinsk oppdragssenter AS 10 Flytoget AS 15 Norsk Rikskringkasting AS 20 AS Vinmonopolet 10 Gassco AS 15 Norsk Samfunnsvitenskapelig datatj. -
Pulp & Paper Chemicals
Freedonia Industry Study #1531 Study Publication Date: March 2002 Price: $3,800 Pulp & Paper Chemicals Pages: 268 Pulp & Paper Chemicals, a new study from The Freedonia Group, provides you with an in-depth analysis of major trends in the industry and the outlook for product seg- ments and major markets -- critical information to help you with strategic planning. This brochure gives you an indication of the scope, depth and value of Freedonia's new study, Pulp & Paper Chemi- cals. Ordering information is included on the back page of the brochure. Brochure Table of Contents Study Highlights ............................................................................... 2 Table of Contents and List of Tables and Charts ............................. 4 Sample Pages and Sample Tables from: Market Environment .................................................... 6 Products....................................................................... 7 Demand by End User .................................................. 8 Industry Structure ........................................................ 9 Company Profiles ...................................................... 10 List of Companies Profiled ........................................ 11 Forecasting Methodology ............................................................... 12 About the Company ....................................................................... 13 Advantages of Freedonia Reports ................................................... 13 About Our Customers ................................................................... -
The Fundamentals of Papermaking Materials
Preferred citation: A. Swerin and L. Ödberg. Some aspects of retention aids. In The Fundametals of Papermaking Materials, Trans. of the XIth Fund. Res. Symp. Cambridge, 1997, (C.F. Baker, ed.), pp 265–350, FRC, Manchester, 2018. DOI: 10.15376/frc.1997.1.265. SOME ASPECTS OF RETENTION AIDS Agne Swerin and Lars Ödberg STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute Box 5604, S-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT Fundamental aspects on polymer adsorption and flocculation phenomena are reviewed . Special emphasis is placed on recent developments . Examples are the mode of action of microparticle retention aid systems and of retention systems based on polyethylene oxide/phenolic resin. Fibre flocculation and the strength of fibrous networks are affected by retention aids and this is discussed in, connection with investigations on retention and formation in the laboratory and on pilot-scale paper machines . 266 INTRODUCTION This review article deals primarily with retention aids. Other papers presented at this symposium are devoted to other paper chemicals such as sizing agents and strength aids. Some of the discussion in this paper, e.g, on the adsorption of polyelectrolytes, is of course of relevance for some of these other areas as well. There are already extensive reviews available concerning retention aids and retention mechanisms (1, 2) and this review is therefore concentrated on more recent developments especially those not covered in the earlier reviews. We do not, however, claim to have covered all developments . There is, of course, some emphasis on the work done at STFI, primarily since this work is very familiar to us. -
Cellulose-Based Electrical Insulation Materials Dielectric and Mechanical Properties REBECCA HOLLERTZ
Cellulose-based electrical insulation materials Dielectric and mechanical properties REBECCA HOLLERTZ Doctoral thesis KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Chemical Science and Engineering Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology ISBN 978-91-7729-327-9 TRITA – CHE-report 2017:21 ISSN 1654-1081 Tryck: US-AB, Stockholm, 2017 The following papers are reprinted with permission from: Paper I: Springer Papers II, III, VII and VIII: IEEE Transactions on Dielectric and Electrical Insulation AKADEMISK AVHANDLING Som med tillstånd av Kungliga Tekniska högskolan i Stockholm framläggs till offentlig granskning för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen fredagen den 12 maj 2017, kl. 10.00 i F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, KTH, Stockholm. Avhandlingen försvaras på engelska. Fakultetsopponent: Professor Markus Biesalski, TU Darmstadt, Tyskland Copyright© Rebecca Hollertz, 2017 ABSTRACT The reliability of the generation and distribution of electricity is highly dependent on electrical insulation and is essential for the prosperity of our society and a ubiquitous part of our everyday life. The present study shows how some important material properties affect the electrical properties of cellulose-based electrical insulation systems which are used together with mineral oil in high-voltage transformers. Among other things, the effects of paper density and of the lignin content of the fibres on the dielectric response and charge transport of the papers have been studied. The underlying mechanisms of the inception and propagation of streamers, responsible for the most costly failures in transformers, at the oil-solid interface have been investigated and the important role of paper morphology on streamer propagation has been demonstrated. With papers, in contrast to films of synthetic polymers and microfibrillated cellulose, the branching of streamers increased and the length of slow negative streamers decreased.