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Mechanism and Novel Deinking Methods for Non-Impact Printed Paper

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Mechanism and Novel Deinking Methods for Non-Impact Printed Paper MECHANISM AND NOVEL DEINKING METHODS FOR NON-IMPACT PRINTED PAPER A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty By Daniel T. Lee In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology August 2014 Copyright © Daniel T. Lee 2014 DEINKING OF HYDROPHILIC INKS BY DECREASED INK REATTACHMENT DURING PULPING Dr. Jeffery S. Hsieh, Advisor School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Martha A. Grover School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Dennis W. Hess School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: June 12, 2014 ACKNOWLEDMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks to my advisor Jeffery Hsieh for his support, advice, and significant time commitment to my research while at Georgia Tech. I would also like to thank Dr. Hsieh’s research group for all of their assistance. Specifically, I would like to thank Xiaotang (Tony) Du for his thought provoking questions, expertise, and advice along the way. Also, I would like to thank Alex Jordan for introducing me to the lab and Mary Johnson for her patience while supporting our lab. Finally, I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Grover and Dr. Hess, for committing their time to serve on my thesis committee as well as their insightful critiques of my work. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDMENTS .................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS .................................................................... xi SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ................................................ 1 1.1 Paper Recycling and Deinking .................................................................................. 1 1.2 Deinking of Hydrophilic Pigmented Printing Inks ................................................... 2 1.2.1 Ink Formulation and Impact on Deinking .......................................................... 3 1.2.2 Ink Size Distribution ........................................................................................... 7 1.2.3 Hydrophilic Interactions of Ink .......................................................................... 8 1.2.4 Redeposition of Ink ............................................................................................ 9 1.3 Deinking Methods for Hydrophilic Inks ................................................................. 10 1.3.1 Optimization and Fractional Pulping ................................................................ 10 1.3.2 Enzyme Deinking ............................................................................................. 12 1.3.3 Neutral Pulping and coagulation ...................................................................... 14 1.3.4 Liquid Phase Plasma (LPP) Treatment ............................................................. 16 1.3.5 Adsorption Deinking ........................................................................................ 17 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES.......................................................... 19 2.1 Laboratory Scale Deinking and Sample Preparation for Paper Recycling ............. 19 2.1.1 Standard and Reference Deinking Procedure ................................................... 19 iv 2.1.2 Standard Measurement Methods for Paper Recycling ..................................... 19 2.1.3 Preparation of Inkjet and Flexographic Printed Newsprint .............................. 22 2.1.4 Hyperwashing of deinking pulp ....................................................................... 22 2.1.5 Development of Model Hydrophilic Inks ......................................................... 22 CHAPTER 3: FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF BEHAVIOR AND EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON HYDROPHILIC INKS .......................................... 24 3.1 Experimental Procedures......................................................................................... 24 3.1.1 Evaluation of Pulping Chemicals for Deinking of Hydrophilic Inks ............... 24 3.1.2 Evaluation of Pulping Consistency on Deinking of Hydrophilic Inks ............. 25 3.1.3 Evaluation of Lignosulfonate Loading ............................................................. 25 3.1.4 Preparation of Dried Ink for Redeposition Experiments .................................. 25 3.1.5 Evaluation of Hydrophilic Ink Redeposition during Pulping Operations ........ 26 3.1.6 Evaluation of Ink Behavior during Pulping Operations ................................... 26 3.1.7 Determination of Effect of Pulping Consistency on Bound and Redeposited Ink ................................................................................................................................... 27 3.1.8 Lignosulfonate Pulping with Mixed Inks ......................................................... 27 3.1.9 Evaluation of Flotation and Storage Process Variables for Hydrophilic Inks .. 28 3.2 Effect of Pulping Chemicals on Pulping of Hydrophilic Inks ................................ 28 3.3 Evaluation of Flotation and Storage Process Variables for Hydrophilic Inks ........ 32 3.4 Effect of Pulping Consistency on Deinking of Hydrophilic Inks ........................... 36 3.5 Behavior of Hydrophilic Ink during Pulping .......................................................... 39 3.6 Lignosulfonate Pulping with Hydrophilic and Mixed Inks ..................................... 47 CHAPTER 4: LIQUID PLASMA TREATMENT (LPP) FOR IMPROVED SEPARATION OF HYDROPHILIC INKS ..................................................................... 50 4.1 Experimental Procedures......................................................................................... 51 v 4.1.1 Apparatus and Method for Treatment with LPP .............................................. 51 4.1.2 Evaluation of Liquid Phase Plasma (LPP) for Deinking of Hydrophilic Inks . 51 4.1.3 Evaluation of LPP Treatment for Mixed Paper Grades .................................... 54 4.1.4 Effect of Electrode Material on LPP Treatment Efficacy ................................ 54 4.1.5 Determination of Importance of Secondary Parameters in LPP Treatment ..... 55 4.2 Improved Separation of Hydrophilic Inks with LPP Treatment ............................. 55 4.3 Trial with Mixed Paper Sources .............................................................................. 60 4.4 LPP Treatment Effect of Fiber Presence on Coagulation of Ink............................. 66 CHAPTER 5: ADSORPTION DEINKING FOR DECREASED REDEPOSITION AND IMPROVED SEPARATION OF HYDROPHILIC INKS ............................................... 70 5.1 Experimental Procedures......................................................................................... 70 5.1.1 Pulping Operation for Hydrophilic Inks Experiments ...................................... 70 5.1.2 Adsorption Deinking with Polyacrylate Adsorbent .......................................... 71 5.1.3 Analysis of Multiple Adsorbents for Use in Adsorption Deinking Experiments ................................................................................................................................... 71 5.1.4 Thermodynamics of Ink Adsorption onto Chitosan and Cellulose Fiber ......... 71 5.1.5 Adsorption Deinking Experiments for Improved Pulping of Hydrophilic Inks 73 5.1.6 Testing of Adsorbent Material for Hydrophilic Inks ........................................ 73 5.1.7 Evaluation of Efficacy of Adsorption Deinking for Hydrophilic Inks ............. 73 5.2 Selection of Adsorbent for Separation of Hydrophilic inks .................................... 74 5.3 Analysis of Adsorption Deinking for Deinking of Hydrophilic Inks...................... 81 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................... 85 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 91 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Detrimental effects of flotation on separation of pigmented inkjet inks from newsprint as shown through the ISO% Brightness and ERIC of the INGEDE Method 11 recycled newsprint. 35 Table 2. Average mass of pigmented inkjet ink per mass of unprinted paper as measured from 100 sheets of newsprint. ................................................................................................................. 42 Table 3. Deinking methods for determination of behavior of hydrophilic inks during paper recycling operations. ...................................................................................................................... 44 Table 4 Estimated mass percent of pigmented inkjet ink that is bound and redeposited during pulping or pad formation determined from Figure 15. .................................................................. 46 Table 5. Deinkability thresholds for ONP as defined by INGEDE[86]. The parameters measured by INGEDE include the luminosity (Y), Color a*, ink area (A), ink elimination, and filtrate darkening (ΔY) [93]. .....................................................................................................................
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