Holy Land Trip Greece – Israel – Egypt

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Holy Land Trip Greece – Israel – Egypt Holy Land Trip Greece – Israel – Egypt Written by Mrs. Georgia Fields July, 1992 Edited and Reprinted by Harry Welton with Mrs. Fields permission on May 18, 2005 Editor’s Note: A Table of Contents is found on the last two pages of this report. If your trip is just to Israel, then begin on PaGe 5. EGypt beGins on PaGe 30. TRIP TO GREECE, ISRAEL, AND EGYPT MARCH 9-23, 1992 (15 Days) Our long-planned trip to the Mideast finally became reality...after it was postponed in the We were a very tired bunch, and not having a Fall of 1990 due to the Persian Gulf crisis, and, lot of time left after workinG our way throuGh in spite of everyone's fears about going to this the airport, we only took in a panorama view part of the world (especially our children). of the city of Athens from Filopapou Hill across from the Acropolis. A monument was With bags packed with everything but the erected on this hill in 114-116 A.D. to Julius kitchen sink (and including our pillows), we Antiochus Philopappus (Filopapou). left the morninG of March 9th to catch our fliGht to New York from Charleston. We met Athens is very, very crowded. Our Guide the only other South Carolinians at the airport (Sandra) told us that it was designed for in Charleston. We were off to New York, 300,000 people, and now has 3 million. It is arrivinG there a little after 5:00 pm. limited on all sides by mountains. Streets are very narrow, with lots and lots of small cars; On our arrival at the Olympic Terminal, we the second most popular method of immediately spotted more of "Carroll's transportation seemed to be mopeds, bicycles Caravan", and it wasn't lonG before all 32 of and small motorcycles. DurinG the week, not our Group were Gathered. Again, we were all cars are allowed to come into city. Cars surprised to find that we were really the with odd license numbers come one day, and "rookies" on this adventure, as at least half even numbers the next day. the Group had made this trip before. Some interestinG facts about Greece shared by After proceedinG throuGh all the red tape to our guide: Get checked in, we boarded the Olympic 420- passenger plane for our 11-hour flight to • Religion: 80% Greek Orthodox (Christian); Athens. We passed over some of the European 7% Moslem; and 13% other. mainland (and by this time it was dayliGht • Main Industry: (1) Shipping, and (2) again -- with a 7-hour time differential in our Tourism; then tobacco, oil, pistachio nuts, destination), with a beautiful view of the olives. Health Insurance: Free, but service snow-covered Alps. is not always the best. • Divorce: Very high in the last 15 years. March 10 - Arrival in Athens: • AveraGe Family: One to two children in Modern Greece. We arrived in Athens a little after 2:00 pm • Government: Democracy: President serves their time (7:00 am our time). I had expected five years (but really is a figure head and the Athens airport to be somethinG like our has no power); Prime Minister serves four Metropolitan airports, but it was much years, and is the person of power. smaller and not nearly as up-to-date. We were • People: Like to have a Good time….”not to met at the airport by our Athens host, a work a lot”. Restaurants' peak time from delightful young Grecian girl who received 10:00 pm to 2:00 to 3:00 a.m. her education at George Washington • Education: Education' is free even in the University and is now a partner with her universities; however, only top students mother and father in a travel agency in can go to universities. Greece. 1 We arrived at The Herodian Hotel where we Our first stop was Aigina (or Egina), where would be staying three nights. Facilities were we immediately took a bus to the east side of very nice and only a few blocks from the the mountain or island to the Temple of Acropolis and the Placa (old Athens). We Aphaia. The oriGinal temple was erected in had an excellent dinner of baked pork, 570 BC, which was destroyed 60 years later, delicious potatoes, mushroom soup, salad, and then rebuilt from limestone in the rolls, ice cream and cookies. vicinity. The hills on AiGina are terraced with almond, pistachio, oranGe, lemon, and olive trees. Some little farms have chickens, sheep, and goats. Every little house has fruit and pistachio trees in the yards. Also, many homes seemed to have their own little Greek Orthodox church in their yard. Some of these structures could not have held over 10-12 people. They almost looked like little "doll" churches. We were told that the The Acropolis in Athens people on the islands were much more religious than the people on the main lands. It Since we were told it was completely safe to appeared that other than tourism, the people walk the streets of Athens at niGht, we took an lived a very simple life with a poor standard after-supper walk down the street by our of living. Next stop: Poros which is a very hotel. If there is a speed limit in Athens, it picturesque volcanic island. This was really a must not be enforced, as the small bikes, shopping stop. Next: Hydra (Idra) which is a motorcycles, seemed to be just "zoominG" by very barren rocky island. There are no cars on on this narrow street. Another thinG, we this island. Even on the islands, lots of stray found that the streets of Athens are blessed cats. with "stray" cats – they were everywhere (and no dirt to scratch in!) (Everything in On our trip back to Athens; we were Athens...is either paved, rock, or has a entertained by Greek folk dancers and structure built on it.) .... and finally to bed at sinGers. Another Good dinner at hotel: Soup, about 1000 pm: Green salad, rice, meat Patti (not sure what kind, but it was very good); and fresh oranGes. March 11 - Athens and Three-Island Cruise: After dinner, some of us walked down to The Placa (old Athens marketplace). We passed Had an excellent breakfast – coffee, areas of old ruins and where there still croissants, hard boiled eggs, yogurt (several seemed to be excavatinG GoinG on. These kinds), prunes, peaches, raisin bread, juice, streets were lined with taverns, restaurants, and a variety of salads, includinG “yumsley”…a and shops. We did a lot of looking, but no salad with apples raisins, and who know what buyinG. Streets were very narrow and seemed else (I guess we could describe this as a to be just cobble stoned walkways -- but we “granola” salad – with nuts also.) Left for our often had to move over for cars. three-island cruise at 8 a.m. – Destination: AiGina, Torus, and Idra. Our luck was bad, as March 12 - Corinth, Athens, and FliGht to Tel this was a very hazy, rainy day – so that we Aviv could not see the coastlines of other islands like on a clear day. There are little islands March 12th was going to be a very busy day (just rocks popping up out of the water) for us. First, a trip to Corinth, then a city tour everywhere. and several hours at the Acropolis after which we would leave Athens at 6:20 for a 2 two-hour fliGht to Tel Aviv. The weather was a DurinG Paul's days, Corinth was the capital of little better, but still cold, windy, and "hazy". a Roman province. It had been destroyed in We traveled along the coastline of the Aegean 146 BC, but was rebuilt by Julius Caesar, in 44 Sea to Corinth. The coastline was beautiful. BC, after which the worship of most of the Many ships were in the harbors alonG the ancient gods was restored. In the center of the way. Many fruit trees, wild flowers, olive old city was the Temple to Apollo, the ruins trees, and pistachio. One unsightly thing in of which are still standing today. There were Greece was the trash all along the roadways – several sanctuaries in the city also dedicated everywhere. They must not have a very Good to Apollo, while in the agora was a shrine and litter proGram. fountain dedicated to Poseidon. There was also a temple dedicated to "All the Gods" on Another very interestinG thinG we had one end of the aGora. The female servants at observed in Athens and all alonG the the Temple of Aphrodite on top of highways were "shrines" where individuals Acrocorinth Gave Corinth its reputation to had lost their lives in a traffic accident. Most which Paul alluded repeatedly. Today, there is of these little decorative boxes sat atop a a monastery on top of Acrocorinth, but we short pole (somethinG like a birdhouse); most only saw it from a distance. had crosses on their tops, some had Glass do0rs and liGhts, inside; many had fresh Much of the agora (marketplace. of ancient flowers that had been placed there; some Greece, or gathering" place) of Corinth is still were small and simple; others much more under excavation. The theater and Odeion elaborate. Also interestinG were the Greek (small roofed theater) have not yet been fully Orthodox cemeteries, with crosses affixed to excavated, though they have been located. I almost every tomb. On our way to Corinth, we didn't mention above that the Temple of passed one oil refinery, which we could see Apollo dates back to 7th century B.C.
Recommended publications
  • Arsu and ‘Azizu a Study of the West Semitic "Dioscuri" and the Cods of Dawn and Dusk by Finn Ove Hvidberg-Hansen
    ’Arsu and ‘Azizu A Study of the West Semitic "Dioscuri" and the Cods of Dawn and Dusk By Finn Ove Hvidberg-Hansen Historiske-filosofiske Meddelelser 97 Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters DET KONGELIGE DANSKE VIDENSKABERNES SELSKAB udgiver følgende publikationsrækker: THE ROYAL DANISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND LETTERS issues the following series of publications: Authorized Abbreviations Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser, 8° Hist.Fil.Medd.Dan.Vid.Selsk. (printed area 1 75 x 104 mm, 2700 units) Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter, 4° Hist.Filos.Skr.Dan.Vid.Selsk. (History, Philosophy, Philology, (printed area 2 columns, Archaeology, Art History) each 199 x 77 mm, 2100 units) Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser, 8° Mat.Fys.Medd.Dan.Vid.Selsk. (Mathematics, Physics, (printed area 180 x 126 mm, 3360 units) Chemistry, Astronomy, Geology) Biologiske Skrifter, 4° Biol.Skr. Dan. Vid.Selsk. (Botany, Zoology, Palaeontology, (printed area 2 columns, General Biology) each 199 x 77 mm, 2100 units) Oversigt, Annual Report, 8° Overs. Dan.Vid.Selsk. General guidelines The Academy invites original papers that contribute significantly to research carried on in Denmark. Foreign contributions are accepted from temporary residents in Den­ mark, participants in a joint project involving Danish researchers, or those in discussion with Danish contributors. Instructions to authors Manuscripts from contributors who are not members of the Academy will be refereed by two members of the Academy. Authors of papers accepted for publication will re­ ceive galley proofs and page proofs; these should be returned promptly to the editor. Corrections other than of printer's errors will be charged to the author(s) insofar as the costs exceed 15% of the cost of typesetting.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Were the Daughters of Allah?
    WHO WERE THE DAUGHTERS OF ALLAH? By DONNA RANDSALU B.A., University of British Columbia,1982. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (RELIGIOUS STUDIES) We accept this thesis—as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September 1988 © Donna Kristin Randsalu, 1988 V In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of £gLlfr/OU^ £TUO>eS> The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date Per- n} DE-6(3/81) ABSTRACT Who were the Daughters of Allah, the three Arabian goddesses mentioned in the Qur'an and venerated by the pagan Arabs prior to the rise of Islam, and who since have vanished into obscurity? Can we reconstruct information about these goddesses by reference to earlier goddesses of the Near East? It is our intention to explore this possibility through an examination of their predecessors in view of the links between the Fertile Crescent and the Arabian Peninsula. Moving back in time from the seventh century A.D. (Arabia) through the Hellenistic Period (Syro/Phoenicia 300 B.C.-A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Religion of Ancient Palestine in the Light of Archaeology the God of Beth-Shan the Religion of Ancient Palestine in the Light of Archaeology
    THE SCHWEICH LECTURES ON BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, 1925 THE RELIGION OF ANCIENT PALESTINE IN THE LIGHT OF ARCHAEOLOGY THE GOD OF BETH-SHAN THE RELIGION OF ANCIENT PALESTINE IN THE LIGHT OF ARCHAEOLOGY BY STANLEY A. COOK, M.A., LITT.D. FELLOW OF GONVILLE AND CAIUS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LECTURER IN HEBREW AND ARAMAIC THE SCHWEICH LECTURES OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY LONDON PUBLISHED FOR THE BRITISH ACADEMY BY HUMPHREY MILFORD, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS AMEN HOUSE, E,C. 1930 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS AMEN HOUSE, E.C. 4 LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW LEIPZIG NEW YOR~ TORONTO MELBOURNE CAPETOWN BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS SHANGHAI HUMPHREY MILFORD PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY Printed in Great Britain PREFACE HE title and subject of this book will recall the in­ T auguration of the Schweich Lectures more than twenty years ago, when the late Samuel Rolles Driver gave an account of the contribution of archaeology and the monu­ ments to Biblical study. Modern Research as illustrating the Bible, the title of his lectures, was a subject to which that great and many-sided scholar felt himself closely drawn; and neither that book nor any of his other writings on the subject can be ignored to-day in spite of the time that has elapsed. For although much has been done, especially since the War, in adding to our knowledge of Oriental archaeo­ logy and in the discussion of problems arising therefrom, Dr. Driver performed lasting service, not only in opening up what to many readers was a new world, but also in setting forth, with his usual completeness and clearness, both the real significance of the new discoveries and the principles to be employed when the Biblical records and the 'external' evidence are inter-related.1 When, therefore, I was asked, in 1925, to deliver the Schweich Lectures, the suggestion that some account might be given of the work subsequent to 1908 encouraged the wish I had long entertained: to reconsider the religion of Palestine primarily and mainly from the point of view of archaeology.
    [Show full text]
  • Popular Cult – North Syria
    CHAPTER 4 POPULAR CULT – NORTH SYRIA In this chapter the emphasis moves away from the state-controlled production of official images – so important to the understanding of the ideology of the court – and into a world of regional polities. While the coin evidence may show the religious penchant of a ruler, the everyday beliefs of the population are better expressed through the building of temples and shrines, whether they be erected through public or private expense. The terminology used in the title of the chapter, „popular cult‟, is intended to take in all manner of religious activity for which we have evidence, where the activity lay more with the population at large than simply the whim of the king. The nature of archaeological survival has necessitated that this chapter be dominated by sanctuaries and temples, although there are exceptions. Excavations at the great metropolis of Antioch for example have not revealed the remains of any Seleukid period temples but Antioch may still prove informative. Whilst some, or perhaps all, of the Hellenistic temple constructions discussed below may have been initiated by the king and his council, the historic and epigraphic record is unfortunately too sporadic to say for certain. While the evidence discussed in Chapter 2.3 above suggests that all must have been ratified by the satrapal high-priest, the onus of worship appears to have been locally driven. The geographic division „north Syria‟ is used here to encompass the Levantine territory which was occupied by Seleukos I Nikator following the victory at Ipsos in 301 BC, that is to say, the part of Syria which came first under the control of the Seleukids.
    [Show full text]
  • Finn Ove HVIDBERG-HANSEN, Arṣû and Azîzû. a Study of the West Semitic “Dioscuri” and the Gods of Dawn and Dusk (Historiske-Filosofiske Meddelelser, 97)
    Syria Archéologie, art et histoire 87 | 2010 Varia Finn Ove HVIDBERG-HANSEN, Arṣû and Azîzû. A study of the West Semitic “Dioscuri” and the Gods of Dawn and Dusk (Historiske-filosofiske Meddelelser, 97) Dagmar Kühn Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/syria/850 DOI: 10.4000/syria.850 ISSN: 2076-8435 Publisher IFPO - Institut français du Proche-Orient Printed version Date of publication: 1 November 2010 Number of pages: 444-446 ISBN: 9782351591697 ISSN: 0039-7946 Electronic reference Dagmar Kühn, « Finn Ove HVIDBERG-HANSEN, Arṣû and Azîzû. A study of the West Semitic “Dioscuri” and the Gods of Dawn and Dusk (Historiske-filosofiske Meddelelser, 97) », Syria [Online], 87 | 2010, Online since 01 June 2016, connection on 23 September 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/syria/850 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/syria.850 © Presses IFPO 444 RECENSIONS Syria 87 (2010) moins sur quelques points, une synthèse. Le Proche- romains d’origine grecque. Le latin apparaît partout Orient ne figure ici que de façon très marginale, par comme une langue administrative, et son emploi est une communication de J.-B. Yon, « Bilinguisme et au mieux une concession pour honorer un officiel trilinguisme à Palmyre » et, accessoirement, dans une romain, mais même dans cet usage, il reste rare. Je ne belle étude de D. Feissel, « Écrire grec en alphabet crois pas que l’on puisse suivre l’idée, avancée avec latin : le cas des documents protobyzantins », où il prudence, par J.-B. Yon, d’une tentative discrète des est fait référence, entre autres, à un procès-verbal Palmyréniens pour faire du latin une langue officielle d’Apamée daté de 518 et à une souscription d’un de leur cité.
    [Show full text]
  • The Caravan-Gods of Palmyra Author(S): M
    The Caravan-Gods of Palmyra Author(s): M. I. Rostovtzeff Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 22, Part 1: Papers Dedicated to Sir George Macdonald K.C.B. (1932), pp. 107-116 Published by: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/297093 . Accessed: 26/01/2013 22:06 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Roman Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Sat, 26 Jan 2013 22:06:19 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THIE CARAVAN-GODSOF PALMYRA BY M. I. ROSTOVTZEFF (Plates xxv-x2viii) No ruins of the ancient world outside Italy are more famous than the beautiful romantic remains of Queen Zenobia's city-the desert-city of caravans. No city of the Near East has yielded such an abundance of inscriptions, sculptures and fragments of painting. For more than a century and a half collectors and dealers have found in Palmyra a happy hunting ground; almost every museum has its Palmyrene bust or Palmyrene inscription or some small object such as the common clay tessera.
    [Show full text]
  • Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses.Pdf
    denisbul denisbul dictionary of GODS AND GODDESSES second edition denisbulmichael jordan For Beatrice Elizabeth Jordan Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Second Edition Copyright © 2004, 1993 by Michael Jordan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data denisbulJordan, Michael, 1941– Dictionary of gods and godesses / Michael Jordan.– 2nd ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: Encyclopedia of gods. c1993. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5923-3 1. Gods–Dictionaries. 2. Goddesses–Dictionaries. I. Jordan, Michael, 1941– Encyclopedia of gods. II. Title. BL473.J67 2004 202'.11'03–dc22 2004013028 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by David Strelecky Cover design by Cathy Rincon Printed in the United States of America VBFOF10987654321 This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS 6 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION v INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST EDITION vii CHRONOLOGY OF THE PRINCIPAL RELIGIONS AND CULTURES COVERED IN THIS BOOK xiii DICTIONARY OF GODS AND GODDESSES denisbul1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 361 INDEX 367 denisbul PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 6 It is explained in the introduction to this volume and the Maori.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanctuaries and Villages on Mt Hermon During the Roman Period Julien Aliquot
    Sanctuaries and villages on Mt Hermon during the Roman period Julien Aliquot To cite this version: Julien Aliquot. Sanctuaries and villages on Mt Hermon during the Roman period. Ted Kaizer. The variety of local religious life in the Near East in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, 164, E. J. Brill, pp.73-96, 2008, Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, 9789004167353. 10.1163/ej.9789004167353.i- 396.21. halshs-00306502 HAL Id: halshs-00306502 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00306502 Submitted on 31 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East Religions in the Graeco-Roman World Editors H.S. Versnel D. Frankfurter J. Hahn VOLUME 164 The Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods Edited by Ted Kaizer LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 This series Religions in the Graeco-Roman World presents a forum for studies in the social and cul- tural function of religions in the Greek and the Roman world, dealing with pagan religions both in their own right and in their interaction with and influence on Christianity and Judaism during a lengthy period of fundamental change.
    [Show full text]
  • The Beyond Heroes Roleplaying Game Book I: the Player's Guide
    1 The Beyond Heroes Roleplaying Game Book XXI: The Book of Pantheons Writing and Design: Marco Ferraro The Book of Pantheons Copyright © 2019 Marco Ferraro. All Rights Reserved This is meant as an amateur free fan production. Absolutely no money is generated from it. Wizards of the Coast, Dungeons & Dragons, and their logos are trademarks of Wizards of the Coast LLC in the United States and other countries. © 2019 Wizards. All Rights Reserved. Beyond Heroes is not affiliated with, endorsed, sponsored, or specifically approved by Wizards of the Coast LLC. Contents Foreword 4 Timeline 4 Earth Pantheons 6 Afghani 7 Afrikana 9 Arabian 16 Armenian 23 Australian Aboriginal 24 Aztec 28 Babylonian 34 Baltic 41 Basque 48 British 49 Burmese 50 Cambodian 53 Canaanite 56 Celtic 58 Chinese 68 Egyptian 76 Eskimo 80 Estonian 82 Etruscan 85 Filipino 93 Finnish 105 Gaulish 108 Greek 111 Hindu 116 Hittite 123 Hungarian 125 2 Hurrian 128 Inca 133 Indonesian 135 Irish 139 Islander 144 Japanese 155 Korean 162 Lusitanian 165 Malaysian 174 Maori 178 Mayan 179 Mesopotamian and Sumerian 186 Mongolian 192 Native American 194 Norse 201 Ossetian 207 Phoenician 208 Pop Culture 212 Primordial 215 Roman 221 Sami 233 Scottish 234 Semitic 236 Slavic 237 Syrian 240 Thai 241 Thracian 244 Tibetan 245 Voodun 256 Welsh 265 DC Comics Entities 269 Marvel Comics Entities 275 Dungeons and Dragons 279 Eternal Champion 297 Middle Earth 299 Palladium Fantasy 301 Pathfinder 302 Warhammer Fantasy 302 The Pantheon Creation Guide 304 Spheres for Gods 317 Mana and Deities 320 Creating Cosmic Beings 325 Characters who Ascend 327 Characters who Ascend II 328 List of Cosmic Powers 331 Organizations 338 3 Foreword while countless points of light flare and The Beyond Heroes Role Playing Game die in the interior.
    [Show full text]
  • Popular Cult – Phoenicia and Koile-Syria
    CHAPTER 5 POPULAR CULT – PHOENICIA AND KOILE-SYRIA The satrapy of Phoenicia and Koile-Syria was part of the original Levantine territory awarded to Seleukos I after the battle of Ipsos (301 BC). However, it was not until the Fifth Syrian War (202-198 BC) that the Seleukids were able to wrest control of the region away from their Ptolemaic rivals. Although Damascus may have changed hands several times in the intervening century, the majority of the southern Levant only fell within the Seleukid sphere from the early second century BC. The familiar problems inherent in the study of religion in North Syria – a lack of excavated sites, archaeological dominance of later phases on those sites which have been excavated, and a scarcity of historical sources – continue to haunt the study of the South. Furthermore, within two generations of the Seleukid conquest, the satrapy of Phoenicia and Koile-Syria began to fragment into independent polities – Maccabaean/Hasmonaean Judaea, Ituraean Chalkis, autonomous coastal cities and independent local tyrants. Seleukid political control was never as secure in the South as it was in the North. As such, it might be plausible to argue that there was less opportunity for Seleukid political wants and needs to influence the Hellenistic religious forms of Phoenicia and Koile-Syria. A further obstruction to the study of religious developments in the southern Levant is the manifest politicisation of the historical and archaeological records – that bogeyman of all historical enquiry. Ongoing political, religious and ideological friction between Israel, the Palestinian territories and neighbouring states has led to the over- or under-emphasis of the extent of Hellenistic or Jewish control and influence by different parties.
    [Show full text]
  • Giorgio Buccellati University of California, Los Angeles The
    THE DESCENT OF INANNA AS A RITUAL JOURNEY TO KUTHA? Giorgio Buccellati University of California, Los Angeles The Sumerian Descent ofInanna 1 relates, in a poetic narrative form, events and situations of the divine world-it is, in the common understanding of the word, a myth. It seems, however, possible to suggest a cultic setting for the story, which, if correct, would improve our understanding of certain aspects of the text, would add immediacy and concreteness to its Silz im Leben and might also help in dating the composition. There are two parts to my argument. 1. The Itinerary of Inanna's Journey The first is geographical in nature. The beginning of the Sumerian ~ersion states that Inanna "abandoned" her various temples in a number of Sumerian cities and "descended" to the Netherworld. The cities are mentioned by name; in the order in which they are introduced in one manuscript,2 they are Uruk, Badtibira, Zabalam, Adab, Nippur, Kish and Akkad. Checking their location on the map, one notices that the sequence corresponds to a line going from the south to the northwest,3 except for an initial swing to the east from Uruk to Badtibira. The "abandoning" of her cities on the part of Inanna may then be taken not as a simultaneous happening, but as a progression of events: she abandons one city after another as she goes from one to the next in a generally northward direction. But where does this progression lead? The last city mentioned by name in the sequence is Akkad, yet we know that this is not the destination point, since at the very beginning of the story we are told that the goddess "sets her mind to the Great Below" and "descended to the Nether­ world." Now, if we continue on the map in the same northerly direction as is indicated by the sequence of cities, a very natural destination point presents itself at the end of the line: Kutha.
    [Show full text]
  • The Syriac World the Pre-Christian Religions of the Syriac-Speaking
    This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 01 Oct 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK The Syriac World Daniel King The Pre-Christian Religions of the Syriac-Speaking Regions Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315708195-4 John F. Healey Published online on: 18 Dec 2018 How to cite :- John F. Healey. 18 Dec 2018, The Pre-Christian Religions of the Syriac-Speaking Regions from: The Syriac World Routledge Accessed on: 01 Oct 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315708195-4 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. CHAPTER THREE THE PRE-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS OF THE SYRIAC-SPEAKING REGIONS John F. Healey yriac is thought of as a ‘Christian’ language which became predominantly, so far Sas surviving records are concerned, a theological and liturgical tongue.
    [Show full text]