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The Mythology of All Races

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The Mythology of All Races Woman’s College Library DUKE UNIVERSITY DURHAM, N. C. Rec’d /% I9S3 i THE MYTHOLOGY OF ALL RACES Volume V SEMITIC Volume I. Greek and Roman William Sheewood Fox, Ph.D., University of Western Ontario. Volume II. Eddie Canon John A. MacCulloch, D.D., Bridge of Allan, Scotland. Volume III. Celtic, Slavic Canon John A. MacCdlloch, D.D., Bridge of Allan, Scotland. Jan Machal, Ph.D., Bohemian University. Volume IV. Finno-Ugric, Siberian Uno Holmbekg, Ph.D., Turku University. Volume V. Semitic Stephen H. Langdon, M.A., B.D., Ph.D., Oxford University. Volume VI. Indian, Iranian A. Berriedale Keith, D.C.L., Edinburgh University. Albert J. Carnoy, Ph.D., University of Louvain. Volume VII. Armenian, African Maedieos Ananikian, B.D., Kennedy School of Missions. Alice Weenee, L.L.A. (St. Andrews), School of Oriental Studies. Volume VIII. Chinese, Japanese John C. Feeguson, Ph.D., Peking, China. Masahaeo Anesaki, Litt.D., University of Tokyo. Volume IX. Oceanic Roland Bueeage Dixon, Ph.D., Harvard University. Volume X. North American Hartley Burr Alexander, Ph.D., Scripps College. Volume XI. American {Latin) Hartley Burr Al.xxander, Ph.D., Scripps College. Volume XII. Egypt, Far East W. Max MOllee, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. Sir (James) George Scott, K.C.I.E., London. Volume XIII. iTtdex Louis Herbert Gray, A.M., Ph.D., Columbia University. THE MYTHOLOGY OF ALL RACES IN THIRTEEN VOLUMES CANON JOHN ARNOTT MacCULLOCH, D.D., Editor GEORGE FOOT MOORE, A.M., D.D., LL.D., Consulting Editor SEMITIC BY STEPHEN HERBERT LANGDON, M.A. JESUS COLLEGE, OXFORD FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY MARY W. SHILLITO READER IN AND PROFESSOR OF ASSYRIOLOGY VOLUME V ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA MARSHALL JONES COMPANY • BOSTON M DCCCC XXXI l\ A Copyright, 1931 By Marshall Jones Company, Incorporated Copyrighted in Great Britain All rights reserved including the right to re- produce this hook or parts thereof in any form Printed July, 1931 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY THE PLIMPTON PRESS • NORWOOD • MASSACHUSETTS TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND FACULTY OF THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK BY A FORMER SCHOLAR OF THE SEMINARY -f ^ OQO -L O G O Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/mythologyofallra51gray CONTENTS PAGE Introduction xv Chapter I. Geographical and Linguistic Distribution OF Semitic Races, and Deities i II. The Sumero-Accadian Pantheon .... 88 III. The Legend of Etana and the Plant of Birth i66 IV. The Myth of Adapa and Adam 175 V. The Sumerian Legends of Tagtug and Paradise 190 VI. Legends of the Deluge 203 VII. The Epic of Gilgamish 234 VIII. Legends of the Destruction of Men, or THE Poem of Ea and Atarhasis 270 IX. The Babylonian Epic of Creation and Simi- lar Semitic Myths 277 X. The Descent of Ishtar to Arallu .... 326 XI. Tammuz and Ishtar 336 XII. The Devils, Demons, Good and Evil Spirits 352 Notes 375 Bibliography 419 Index 433 9 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES AND PLATES PAGE 1 Sabaean Altar 3 A. Grohmann, Gottersymbole, Abb. 88. 2 Lapis-lazuli Seal 4 Delaporte [b], i, PI. 35, No. 7. 3 Copper Coin with Crescent and Disk 4 From cast supplied by the British Museum. See p. 377, n. 9. 4 Copper Coin Shewing Sacred Baetyl 16 G. F. Hill [b], PL iv. 2. 5 Basalt Statue of Busares 17 Syria, V. PI. xx. No. 2. 6 Tyche of Antioch 18 Journal of Hellenic studies, ix, after P. Gardner. 7 Tyche of Damascus 19 Journal Asiatique, 1904, PI. i, No. 2. 8 Head of Tyche 1 G. F. Hill [b],Pl. vi. 10. 9 The Assyrian Tyche 23 Sidney Smith, History of Assyria, p. 233. 10 Venus as Goddess of War 24 Langdon [h], PI. i, No. 1. 11 Ishtar’s War Chariot 27 Langdon [d], PI. vii, No. 2. 12 Enkidu and the Bull of Heaven 29 A. Boissier, Note sur deux cylindres orientaux, p. 9. 13 Egyptian Bas-relief, Shewing ‘Anat facing 30 H. Gressmann, Texte und Bilder^ PI. cxiv, opp. p. 30. 14 Hesi-Nekht Astart of Beth-shan facing 32 From photograph supplied by the University Museum, Philadel- phia, opp. p. 31. 15 Terra-cotta Shrine of Beth-shan 31 Museum Journal, Vol. xvii, p. 295. 16 Ishtar Parakyptousa 32 D. G. Hogarth, Efhesus, PI. 28, No. 5. Terra-cotta 17 Movable Altar 33 W. Andrae, Die Archaischen Ischtar-Temfel, Taf. 17. X ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES AND PLATES PAGE 1 8 Nude Ishtar 34 R. Koldewey, Das wiedererstehende Babylon, p. 271. 19 Azizos and Monimos 35 Revue Archeologique, 1903, Part ii, p. 130. After R. Dusseaud. 20 ‘Ate of Hierapolis 36 E. Babelon, Les Rots Perses, p. lii, Fig. 15. 21 Atargatis 36 H. Strong and J. Garstang, The Syrian Goddess, p. 70. 22 Western Type of Adad-Rimmon 39 Revue d^Assyriologie, xiii, p. 16, PI. ii, No. 16, after V. Scheil. 23 Yaw, Coin of Gaza 43 G. F. Hill, Coins of Palestine, PI. xix, 29. 24 Astart-Yaw 44 E. Babelon, Les Rois Perses, PI. viii. No. 7. 25 Stele of Mikal of Beisan jacing 44 Museum Journal, xix, p. 150. See pp. 46-8. 26 Bas-relief from Moab 46 H. Gressmann, Texte und Bilder^ Abb. 617. 27 Phoenician Deity, from Amrith 47 Ibid. Abb. 307. 28 SealofAddumu 48 Catalogue De Clercq, Vol. i. No. 386. 29 Seal of Rameses II 49 Museum Journal, xx, p. 55. 30 Coin of Tyre, Melkart on Sea-horse 51 E. Babelon, Les Rois Perses, PI. xxxv. No. 13. 31 Colonial Coin of Tyre with Sun Pillars 51 Ibid, xxxvii. No. 16. 32 Coin of Tyre 53 Ibid, xxxv. No. 20. 33 Sun-symbol of Tyre in Chariot 54 Ibid, xxxii, No. 15. 34 Tessara from Palmyra 57 Comptes Rendus de PAcademie frangaise, 1903, p. 277. 35 Bas-relief; Semia, Solar Deity, Adad 59 Revue Archeologique, 1904, Part ii, p. 249. 36 Sumerian Roll Seal 60 Otto Weber, Siegelbilder, No. 375. 37 Palmyrene Altar 62 Memoires de PInstitut frangais, xx, PI. i. No. i. After Layard. 1 ILLUSTRATIONS XI FIGURES AND PLATES PAGE 38 El with Wings. Astarte 68 E. Babelon, Les Rots Perses, PI. xxvii, No. 4. 39 Seal Shewing Two-headed Marduk 69 Babyloniaca, ix, p. 78, No. 128, after Contenau. 40 Stele of Yehaw-Melek 70 H. Gressmann, Texts uni Bilder^ Abb. 516. 41 Coin of Elagabalus. Eshmun the Healer 77 G. F. Hill, Coins of Phoenicia, PI. x, No. 14. 42 Statue of Dagan 8 Archiv fur Keilschriftforschung, iii, p. iii, after Nassoubi. 43 Coin Shewing Dagon 83 G. F. Hill, Coins of Phoenicia, PI. xlv. No. i. 44 Babylonian Bronze Plaque 85 Bronze Plaque in Collection de Clercq, after Catalogue De Clercq ii, PI. xxxiv. 45 Assyrian Cone Seal with Fish-men 86 W. H. Ward, Seal Cylinders of Western Asia, No. 659. 46 Pictograph for Earth-goddess 90 Design by the author. 47 Grain-goddess 90 Catalogue De Clercq, No. 140. 48 God with Overflowing Waters 95 Revue d' Assyriologie, v, p. 131. 49 Winged Angel with Water of Life 96 Museum Journal, xviii, p. 75. 50 Gilgamish with Jar of Overflowing Water 98 Catalogue De Clercq, No. 46. 51 Boundary Stone of Melishipak facing 106 Delegation en Perse, i, PL xvi, opp. p. 105. 52 Top of a Water Jar IIO Langdon, S. [d], PI. xiii. No. 2. 53 Mother and Child Ill From photograph by the Oxford-Field Museum Expedition. 54 Ningirsu 116 Delaporte L. [b], p. 13, T. no. 55 Marduk in Chariot 118 W. H. Ward, Seal Cylinders of Western Asia, No. 127. 56 Musrussu 127 R. Koldewey, Das wiedererstehenie Babylon, Fig. 31. xii ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES AND PLATES PAGE 57 Ninurta Pursuing Musrussu 131 W. H. Ward, Seal Cylinders of Western Asia, No. 579. 58 Seal from Kish 133 From photograph by the Oxford-Field Museum Expedition. 59 Terra-cotta Bas-relief from Kish 137 From photograph by the Oxford-Field Museum Expedition. 60 Sun-god and Hammurabi 149 Delegation en Perse, iv, PI. iii. 61 Four-pointed Star 150 Babyloniaca, ii, p. 144. 62 Model of Statue of Shamash 151 H. C. Rawlinson, Inscriptions of Western Asia, v, PI. 57. 63 Coin of Caracalla Shewing Moon-god 154 Hill, G. F. [b], PI. xii. No. 8. 64 Assyrian Seal. Marduk and Nabu 159 Delaporte, L. [c], PI. 88, A 686. 65 Combat of Eagle and Serpent 1 70 Museum Journal, xix, p. 392, No. 28. 66 Etana on Eagle 172 O. Weber, Siegelbilder, No. 404. 67 Ilabrat or Papsukkal 176 From photograph by the Oxford-Field Museum Expedition. 68 Serpent and Tree of Life (?) 177 Delegation en Perse, xii. Fig. 288, after Toscane. See p. 179. 69 Woman and Serpent 178 Ibid., Fig. 299, after Toscane, see p. 179. 70 The Temptation According to Sumerian Myth 179 W. H. Ward, Seal Cylinders of Western Asia, No. 388. 71 Deity Offering Poppy Branch to a Worshipper 186 L. W. King, History of Sumer and Accad, p. 246. 72 Goddess Offering Palm Branch to Three Gods .... 187 Delaporte, L. [a]. No. 81. 73 Mother-goddess, Worshipper, and Tammuz 188 Ibid., No. III. 74 Flood Stratum at Kish facing 216 From photograph by the Oxford-Field Museum Expedition, opp. p. 204. 75 Babylonian Map of the World 217 From CT. xxii, PL 48, after R. C. Thompson. Restored conjec- turally, with omission of cuneiform text. 76 Enkidu in Combat with Two Lions 237 Revue d'Assyriologie, vi, p. 156, PI. i. No. 4. ILLUSTRATIONS xlii FIGURES AND PLATES PAGE Enkidu 77 Gilgamish and 238 From photograph by the Oxford-Field Museum Expedition.
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