DOCSLIB.ORG

R Graphics Output

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
R Graphics Output Running Enrichment Score (RES) −0.8 −0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0.0 0.2 0 "G1[B_Ph]" Peak at1258 Peak 2000 Number ofgenes: 12930(inlist),106geneset) Gene Set1630:AXON_GUIDANCE 4000 Gene ListIndex 6000 Zero crossingat6147 8000 10000 "G2[Non_B_Ph]" 12000 P(ES) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Neg. ES"G2[Non_B_Ph]" ES = 0.295 NES = 1.26 Nom. p−val= 0.113FWER=1FDR=0.485 ES =0.295NES =1.26Nom.p−val= −0.4 Gene SetNullDistribution −0.2 Observed GeneSetESvalue Gene SetNullDensity ES 0.0 Pos. ES:"G1[B_Ph]" Pos. 0.2 0.4 ARHGEF12 SEMA4G SEMA3G SEMA6C SEMA3B SEMA6D SEMA4C SEMA3A SEMA4A SEMA3C SEMA7A SEMA5A SEMA6B SEMA4D SEMA3D SEMA6A SRGAP3 SRGAP2 SEMA3E SEMA4F SEMA3F PPP3CB PPP3CC PPP3CA PLXNB1 PLXNA3 PLXNA2 PLXNC1 PLXNA1 PLXNB2 DPYSL2 PPP3R1 CXCL12 NFATC4 NFATC3 NFATC1 ABLIM3 ABLIM1 ROBO1 MAPK1 MAPK3 ROCK1 ROCK2 UNC5B L1CAM GSK3B UNC5C CXCR4 NTNG1 RASA1 EPHA1 EPHB2 EPHA7 EPHA3 EPHB6 EPHB3 EPHB4 EPHB1 EPHA5 EPHA2 EPHA4 EFNB2 EFNA4 EFNA5 EFNB1 CDC42 EFNA2 EFNB3 EFNA1 GNAI3 GNAI2 GNAI1 NFAT5 LIMK2 LIMK1 RHOD ITGB1 RHOA KRAS NRAS SLIT1 NCK2 SLIT3 CDK5 RND1 SLIT2 RGS3 NCK1 RAC1 RAC3 RAC2 NRP1 Class NTN1 ABL1 PAK6 PAK3 PAK2 PAK7 PAK4 PAK1 PTK2 CFL1 DCC G1[B_Ph] MET FYN FES JD.ALD388.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD428.v5.U133A.CEL JD0154.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD494.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD035.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD039.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD391.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD264.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD386.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD387.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD389.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD390.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD008.v5.U133A.CEL JD0206.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0102.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0129.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD613.v5.U133A.CEL JD0192.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0181.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD509.v5.U133A.CEL JD0239.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0186B.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0032.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0361.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0336.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0300.RR.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0267.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0323.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0150.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL GenesinGeneSet HeatMapfor JD0059.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0123.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0056.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0058.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0139.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0107.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0109.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0085.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0253.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0426.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0286.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0282.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0318.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD096.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD108.v5.U133A.CEL JD0066.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0016.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0048.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0086.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0193.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0280.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0320.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0330.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0328.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0250.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0220.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0332.R.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL G2[Non_B_Ph] JD0304.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0395.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0341.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0263.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0364.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0437.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0436.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0382.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0354.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0342.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0238.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0247.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0168.B.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0264.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0390.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0423.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0432.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0344.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0039.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0255.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0297.R.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0421.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0408.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD057.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD232.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD294.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD385.v5.U133A.CEL JD0080.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD052.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD078.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD433.v5.U133A.CEL JD0084.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL swp350.u133a.CEL JD.ALD180.v5.U133A.CEL JD0124.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0284.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD.ALD009.v5.U133A.CEL JD0349.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0396.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0108.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0146.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0360.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0367.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0314.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0420.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0343.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0173.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0258.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0287.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0185B.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0103.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0425.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0225.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0433.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0431.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0252.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0188.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0272.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0289.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0407.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0257.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0095.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0226.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0260.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0036.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0381.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0291.RR.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0203.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0246.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0274.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL JD0334.ALL.v5.U133A.CEL.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supplementary Materials: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Amide and Polyamino-Derivatives of Lupane Triterpenoids
    Supplementary Materials: Evaluation of cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of amide and polyamino-derivatives of lupane triterpenoids Oxana B. Kazakova1*, Gul'nara V. Giniyatullina1, Akhat G. Mustafin1, Denis A. Babkov2, Elena V. Sokolova2, Alexander A. Spasov2* 1Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation 2Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Novorossiyskaya st. 39, Volgograd 400087, Russian Federation Correspondence Prof. Dr. Oxana B. Kazakova Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences 71 Prospeсt Oktyabrya Ufa, 450054 Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Alexander A. Spasov Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs of the Volgograd State Medical University 39 Novorossiyskaya st. Volgograd, 400087 Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Figure S1. 1H and 13C of compound 2. H NH N H O H O H 2 2 Figure S2. 1H and 13C of compound 4. NH2 O H O H CH3 O O H H3C O H 4 3 Figure S3. Anticancer screening data of compound 2 at single dose assay 4 Figure S4. Anticancer screening data of compound 7 at single dose assay 5 Figure S5. Anticancer screening data of compound 8 at single dose assay 6 Figure S6. Anticancer screening data of compound 9 at single dose assay 7 Figure S7. Anticancer screening data of compound 12 at single dose assay 8 Figure S8. Anticancer screening data of compound 13 at single dose assay 9 Figure S9. Anticancer screening data of compound 14 at single dose assay 10 Figure S10.
    [Show full text]
  • A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of Β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus
    Page 1 of 781 Diabetes A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus Robert N. Bone1,6,7, Olufunmilola Oyebamiji2, Sayali Talware2, Sharmila Selvaraj2, Preethi Krishnan3,6, Farooq Syed1,6,7, Huanmei Wu2, Carmella Evans-Molina 1,3,4,5,6,7,8* Departments of 1Pediatrics, 3Medicine, 4Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, 5Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the 6Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, and the 7Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; 2Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202; 8Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202. *Corresponding Author(s): Carmella Evans-Molina, MD, PhD ([email protected]) Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, Telephone: (317) 274-4145, Fax (317) 274-4107 Running Title: Golgi Stress Response in Diabetes Word Count: 4358 Number of Figures: 6 Keywords: Golgi apparatus stress, Islets, β cell, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online August 20, 2020 Diabetes Page 2 of 781 ABSTRACT The Golgi apparatus (GA) is an important site of insulin processing and granule maturation, but whether GA organelle dysfunction and GA stress are present in the diabetic β-cell has not been tested. We utilized an informatics-based approach to develop a transcriptional signature of β-cell GA stress using existing RNA sequencing and microarray datasets generated using human islets from donors with diabetes and islets where type 1(T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) had been modeled ex vivo. To narrow our results to GA-specific genes, we applied a filter set of 1,030 genes accepted as GA associated.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome-Wide Screen for Genes Involved in Edna Release During
    Genome-wide screen for genes involved in eDNA PNAS PLUS release during biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus Alicia S. DeFrancescoa,1, Nadezda Masloboevaa,1, Adnan K. Syeda, Aaron DeLougherya,b, Niels Bradshawa, Gene-Wei Lib, Michael S. Gilmorec,d, Suzanne Walkerd, and Richard Losicka,2 aDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; bDepartment of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142; cDepartment of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114; and dDepartment of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Edited by Ralph R. Isberg, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, and approved June 13, 2017 (received for review March 20, 2017) Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of both nosocomial and We have shown that the major components of the biofilm community-acquired infection. Biofilm formation at the site of infec- matrix of HG003 are proteins and eDNA, which associate with tion reduces antimicrobial susceptibility and can lead to chronic infec- the biofilm in a manner that depends on a drop in pH during tion. During biofilm formation, a subset of cells liberate cytoplasmic growth in the presence of glucose (5, 6). Many of these proteins proteins and DNA, which are repurposed to form the extracellular are cytoplasmic in origin and are thus moonlighting in their matrix that binds the remaining cells together in large clusters. Using second role as components of the biofilm matrix (5). These a strain that forms robust biofilms in vitro during growth under glu- moonlighting proteins do not depend on eDNA to remain as- cose supplementation, we carried out a genome-wide screen for genes sociated with cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystal Structure of the Plexin A3 Intracellular Region Reveals an Autoinhibited Conformation Through Active Site Sequestration
    Crystal structure of the plexin A3 intracellular region reveals an autoinhibited conformation through active site sequestration Huawei Hea, Taehong Yangb, Jonathan R. Termana,b, and Xuewu Zhanga,c,1 Departments of aPharmacology, bNeuroscience, and cBiochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9041 Edited by John Kuriyan, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved July 27, 2009 (received for review June 22, 2009) Plexin cell surface receptors bind to semaphorin ligands and dendrite morphology (10). The GAP activity is important for plexin transduce signals for regulating neuronal axon guidance. The signaling, and plexin function is lost upon mutation of either of the intracellular region of plexins is essential for signaling and contains two conserved catalytic arginine residues (7–9, 11). a R-Ras/M-Ras GTPase activating protein (GAP) domain that is The GAP domain of plexins is unique in that it is divided into two divided into two segments by a Rho GTPase-binding domain (RBD). segments, referred to as C1 and C2 respectively, by a domain of The regulation mechanisms for plexin remain elusive, although it approximately 200 residues that does not show homology to Ras is known that activation requires both binding of semaphorin to GAPs. The C1 and C2 regions each contain one of the two catalytic the extracellular region and a Rho-family GTPase (Rac1 or Rnd1) to arginine residues (12), and the mechanism through which these two the RBD. Here we report the crystal structure of the plexin A3 arginines are positioned precisely in close proximity for catalysis is intracellular region. The structure shows that the N- and C-terminal not known (13).
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary File 2A Revised
    Supplementary file 2A. Differentially expressed genes in aldosteronomas compared to all other samples, ranked according to statistical significance. Missing values were not allowed in aldosteronomas, but to a maximum of five in the other samples. Acc UGCluster Name Symbol log Fold Change P - Value Adj. P-Value B R99527 Hs.8162 Hypothetical protein MGC39372 MGC39372 2,17 6,3E-09 5,1E-05 10,2 AA398335 Hs.10414 Kelch domain containing 8A KLHDC8A 2,26 1,2E-08 5,1E-05 9,56 AA441933 Hs.519075 Leiomodin 1 (smooth muscle) LMOD1 2,33 1,3E-08 5,1E-05 9,54 AA630120 Hs.78781 Vascular endothelial growth factor B VEGFB 1,24 1,1E-07 2,9E-04 7,59 R07846 Data not found 3,71 1,2E-07 2,9E-04 7,49 W92795 Hs.434386 Hypothetical protein LOC201229 LOC201229 1,55 2,0E-07 4,0E-04 7,03 AA454564 Hs.323396 Family with sequence similarity 54, member B FAM54B 1,25 3,0E-07 5,2E-04 6,65 AA775249 Hs.513633 G protein-coupled receptor 56 GPR56 -1,63 4,3E-07 6,4E-04 6,33 AA012822 Hs.713814 Oxysterol bining protein OSBP 1,35 5,3E-07 7,1E-04 6,14 R45592 Hs.655271 Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 2 RIMS2 2,51 5,9E-07 7,1E-04 6,04 AA282936 Hs.240 M-phase phosphoprotein 1 MPHOSPH -1,40 8,1E-07 8,9E-04 5,74 N34945 Hs.234898 Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta ACACB 0,87 9,7E-07 9,8E-04 5,58 R07322 Hs.464137 Acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl ACOX1 0,82 1,3E-06 1,2E-03 5,35 R77144 Hs.488835 Transmembrane protein 120A TMEM120A 1,55 1,7E-06 1,4E-03 5,07 H68542 Hs.420009 Transcribed locus 1,07 1,7E-06 1,4E-03 5,06 AA410184 Hs.696454 PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 2 PKNOX2 1,78 2,0E-06
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Table S4. FGA Co-Expressed Gene List in LUAD
    Supplementary Table S4. FGA co-expressed gene list in LUAD tumors Symbol R Locus Description FGG 0.919 4q28 fibrinogen gamma chain FGL1 0.635 8p22 fibrinogen-like 1 SLC7A2 0.536 8p22 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2 DUSP4 0.521 8p12-p11 dual specificity phosphatase 4 HAL 0.51 12q22-q24.1histidine ammonia-lyase PDE4D 0.499 5q12 phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific FURIN 0.497 15q26.1 furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme) CPS1 0.49 2q35 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1, mitochondrial TESC 0.478 12q24.22 tescalcin INHA 0.465 2q35 inhibin, alpha S100P 0.461 4p16 S100 calcium binding protein P VPS37A 0.447 8p22 vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) SLC16A14 0.447 2q36.3 solute carrier family 16, member 14 PPARGC1A 0.443 4p15.1 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha SIK1 0.435 21q22.3 salt-inducible kinase 1 IRS2 0.434 13q34 insulin receptor substrate 2 RND1 0.433 12q12 Rho family GTPase 1 HGD 0.433 3q13.33 homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase PTP4A1 0.432 6q12 protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 1 C8orf4 0.428 8p11.2 chromosome 8 open reading frame 4 DDC 0.427 7p12.2 dopa decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) TACC2 0.427 10q26 transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2 MUC13 0.422 3q21.2 mucin 13, cell surface associated C5 0.412 9q33-q34 complement component 5 NR4A2 0.412 2q22-q23 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 EYS 0.411 6q12 eyes shut homolog (Drosophila) GPX2 0.406 14q24.1 glutathione peroxidase
    [Show full text]
  • High Throughput Strategies Aimed at Closing the GAP in Our Knowledge of Rho Gtpase Signaling
    cells Review High Throughput strategies Aimed at Closing the GAP in Our Knowledge of Rho GTPase Signaling Manel Dahmene 1, Laura Quirion 2 and Mélanie Laurin 1,3,* 1 Oncology Division, CHU de Québec–Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; [email protected] 2 Montréal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; [email protected] 3 Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 May 2020; Accepted: 7 June 2020; Published: 9 June 2020 Abstract: Since their discovery, Rho GTPases have emerged as key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. In humans, there are 20 Rho GTPases and more than 150 regulators that belong to the RhoGEF, RhoGAP, and RhoGDI families. Throughout development, Rho GTPases choregraph a plethora of cellular processes essential for cellular migration, cell–cell junctions, and cell polarity assembly. Rho GTPases are also significant mediators of cancer cell invasion. Nevertheless, to date only a few molecules from these intricate signaling networks have been studied in depth, which has prevented appreciation for the full scope of Rho GTPases’ biological functions. Given the large complexity involved, system level studies are required to fully grasp the extent of their biological roles and regulation. Recently, several groups have tackled this challenge by using proteomic approaches to map the full repertoire of Rho GTPases and Rho regulators protein interactions. These studies have provided in-depth understanding of Rho regulators specificity and have contributed to expand Rho GTPases’ effector portfolio. Additionally, new roles for understudied family members were unraveled using high throughput screening strategies using cell culture models and mouse embryos.
    [Show full text]
  • Figure S1. HAEC ROS Production and ML090 NOX5-Inhibition
    Figure S1. HAEC ROS production and ML090 NOX5-inhibition. (a) Extracellular H2O2 production in HAEC treated with ML090 at different concentrations and 24 h after being infected with GFP and NOX5-β adenoviruses (MOI 100). **p< 0.01, and ****p< 0.0001 vs control NOX5-β-infected cells (ML090, 0 nM). Results expressed as mean ± SEM. Fold increase vs GFP-infected cells with 0 nM of ML090. n= 6. (b) NOX5-β overexpression and DHE oxidation in HAEC. Representative images from three experiments are shown. Intracellular superoxide anion production of HAEC 24 h after infection with GFP and NOX5-β adenoviruses at different MOIs treated or not with ML090 (10 nM). MOI: Multiplicity of infection. Figure S2. Ontology analysis of HAEC infected with NOX5-β. Ontology analysis shows that the response to unfolded protein is the most relevant. Figure S3. UPR mRNA expression in heart of infarcted transgenic mice. n= 12-13. Results expressed as mean ± SEM. Table S1: Altered gene expression due to NOX5-β expression at 12 h (bold, highlighted in yellow). N12hvsG12h N18hvsG18h N24hvsG24h GeneName GeneDescription TranscriptID logFC p-value logFC p-value logFC p-value family with sequence similarity NM_052966 1.45 1.20E-17 2.44 3.27E-19 2.96 6.24E-21 FAM129A 129. member A DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog. NM_001130182 2.19 9.83E-20 2.94 2.90E-19 3.01 1.68E-19 DNAJA4 subfamily A. member 4 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate- NM_021127 0.93 1.84E-12 2.41 1.32E-17 2.69 1.43E-18 PMAIP1 induced protein 1 E2F7 E2F transcription factor 7 NM_203394 0.71 8.35E-11 2.20 2.21E-17 2.48 1.84E-18 DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog.
    [Show full text]
  • Rho Gtpases of the Rhobtb Subfamily and Tumorigenesis1
    Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008 Mar; 29 (3): 285–295 Invited review Rho GTPases of the RhoBTB subfamily and tumorigenesis1 Jessica BERTHOLD2, Kristína SCHENKOVÁ2, Francisco RIVERO2,3,4 2Centers for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; 3The Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK Key words Abstract Rho guanosine triphosphatase; RhoBTB; RhoBTB proteins constitute a subfamily of atypical members within the Rho fa- DBC2; cullin; neoplasm mily of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). Their most salient feature 1This work was supported by grants from the is their domain architecture: a GTPase domain (in most cases, non-functional) Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, the is followed by a proline-rich region, a tandem of 2 broad-complex, tramtrack, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the bric à brac (BTB) domains, and a conserved C-terminal region. In humans, Köln Fortune Program of the Medical Faculty, University of Cologne. the RhoBTB subfamily consists of 3 isoforms: RhoBTB1, RhoBTB2, and RhoBTB3. Orthologs are present in several other eukaryotes, such as Drosophi- 4 Correspondence to Dr Francisco RIVERO. la and Dictyostelium, but have been lost in plants and fungi. Interest in RhoBTB Phn 49-221-478-6987. Fax 49-221-478-6979. arose when RHOBTB2 was identified as the gene homozygously deleted in E-mail [email protected] breast cancer samples and was proposed as a candidate tumor suppressor gene, a property that has been extended to RHOBTB1. The functions of RhoBTB pro- Received 2007-11-17 Accepted 2007-12-16 teins have not been defined yet, but may be related to the roles of BTB domains in the recruitment of cullin3, a component of a family of ubiquitin ligases.
    [Show full text]
  • CREB-Dependent Transcription in Astrocytes: Signalling Pathways, Gene Profiles and Neuroprotective Role in Brain Injury
    CREB-dependent transcription in astrocytes: signalling pathways, gene profiles and neuroprotective role in brain injury. Tesis doctoral Luis Pardo Fernández Bellaterra, Septiembre 2015 Instituto de Neurociencias Departamento de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular Unidad de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular Facultad de Medicina CREB-dependent transcription in astrocytes: signalling pathways, gene profiles and neuroprotective role in brain injury. Memoria del trabajo experimental para optar al grado de doctor, correspondiente al Programa de Doctorado en Neurociencias del Instituto de Neurociencias de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, llevado a cabo por Luis Pardo Fernández bajo la dirección de la Dra. Elena Galea Rodríguez de Velasco y la Dra. Roser Masgrau Juanola, en el Instituto de Neurociencias de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Doctorando Directoras de tesis Luis Pardo Fernández Dra. Elena Galea Dra. Roser Masgrau In memoriam María Dolores Álvarez Durán Abuela, eres la culpable de que haya decidido recorrer el camino de la ciencia. Que estas líneas ayuden a conservar tu recuerdo. A mis padres y hermanos, A Meri INDEX I Summary 1 II Introduction 3 1 Astrocytes: physiology and pathology 5 1.1 Anatomical organization 6 1.2 Origins and heterogeneity 6 1.3 Astrocyte functions 8 1.3.1 Developmental functions 8 1.3.2 Neurovascular functions 9 1.3.3 Metabolic support 11 1.3.4 Homeostatic functions 13 1.3.5 Antioxidant functions 15 1.3.6 Signalling functions 15 1.4 Astrocytes in brain pathology 20 1.5 Reactive astrogliosis 22 2 The transcription
    [Show full text]
  • Oxidized Phospholipids Regulate Amino Acid Metabolism Through MTHFD2 to Facilitate Nucleotide Release in Endothelial Cells
    ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04602-0 OPEN Oxidized phospholipids regulate amino acid metabolism through MTHFD2 to facilitate nucleotide release in endothelial cells Juliane Hitzel1,2, Eunjee Lee3,4, Yi Zhang 3,5,Sofia Iris Bibli2,6, Xiaogang Li7, Sven Zukunft 2,6, Beatrice Pflüger1,2, Jiong Hu2,6, Christoph Schürmann1,2, Andrea Estefania Vasconez1,2, James A. Oo1,2, Adelheid Kratzer8,9, Sandeep Kumar 10, Flávia Rezende1,2, Ivana Josipovic1,2, Dominique Thomas11, Hector Giral8,9, Yannick Schreiber12, Gerd Geisslinger11,12, Christian Fork1,2, Xia Yang13, Fragiska Sigala14, Casey E. Romanoski15, Jens Kroll7, Hanjoong Jo 10, Ulf Landmesser8,9,16, Aldons J. Lusis17, 1234567890():,; Dmitry Namgaladze18, Ingrid Fleming2,6, Matthias S. Leisegang1,2, Jun Zhu 3,4 & Ralf P. Brandes1,2 Oxidized phospholipids (oxPAPC) induce endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Here we show that oxPAPC induce a gene network regulating serine-glycine metabolism with the mitochondrial methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (MTHFD2) as a cau- sal regulator using integrative network modeling and Bayesian network analysis in human aortic endothelial cells. The cluster is activated in human plaque material and by atherogenic lipo- proteins isolated from plasma of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MTHFD2-controlled cluster associate with CAD. The MTHFD2-controlled cluster redirects metabolism to glycine synthesis to replenish purine nucleotides. Since endothelial cells secrete purines in response to oxPAPC, the MTHFD2- controlled response maintains endothelial ATP. Accordingly, MTHFD2-dependent glycine synthesis is a prerequisite for angiogenesis. Thus, we propose that endothelial cells undergo MTHFD2-mediated reprogramming toward serine-glycine and mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism to compensate for the loss of ATP in response to oxPAPC during atherosclerosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Rnd3-Induced Cell Rounding Requires Interaction with Plexin-B2 Brad Mccoll*,¶, Ritu Garg¶, Philippe Riou‡, Kirsi Riento§ and Anne J
    © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Cell Science (2016) 129, 4046-4056 doi:10.1242/jcs.192211 RESEARCH ARTICLE Rnd3-induced cell rounding requires interaction with Plexin-B2 Brad McColl*,¶, Ritu Garg¶, Philippe Riou‡, Kirsi Riento§ and Anne J. Ridley** ABSTRACT migration during mouse development, in part because their Rnd proteins are atypical members of the Rho GTPase family that expression is regulated by different transcription factors (Pacary induce actin cytoskeletal reorganization and cell rounding. Rnd et al., 2011). Interestingly, in endothelial cells, both Rnd2 and Rnd3 proteins have been reported to bind to the intracellular domain of induce stress fibre assembly by upregulating RhoB expression several plexin receptors, but whether plexins contribute to the Rnd- (Gottesbuhren et al., 2013). induced rounding response is not known. Here we show that Rnd3 Several proteins that interact with Rnd proteins and could mediate interacts preferentially with plexin-B2 of the three plexin-B proteins, their effects on cell shape and motility have been reported (Riou whereas Rnd2 interacts with all three B-type plexins, and Rnd1 et al., 2010). The first to be identified was p190RhoGAP, which shows only very weak interaction with plexin-B proteins in downregulates RhoA activity. Rnd3 interaction with p190RhoGAP immunoprecipitations. Plexin-B1 has been reported to act as a GAP stimulates its activity and induces loss of stress fibres (Wennerberg for R-Ras and/or Rap1 proteins. We show that all three plexin-B et al., 2003). Rnd3, but not Rnd1 or Rnd2, also binds to and is proteins interact with R-Ras and Rap1, but Rnd proteins do not alter phosphorylated by the serine/threonine kinases ROCK1 and PKC this interaction or R-Ras or Rap1 activity.
    [Show full text]