A Call for a New Human Missions Cost Model
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Spring 2018 Undergraduate Law Journal
SPRING 2018 UNDERGRADUATE LAW JOURNAL The Final Frontier: Evolution of Space Law in a Global Society By: Garett Faulkender and Stephan Schneider Introduction “Space: the final frontier!” These are the famous introductory words spoken by William Shatner on every episode of Star Trek. This science-fiction TV show has gained a cult-following with its premise as a futuristic Space odyssey. Originally released in 1966, many saw the portrayed future filled with Space-travel, inter-planetary commerce and politics, and futuristic technology as merely a dream. However, today we are starting to explore this frontier. “We are entering an exciting era in [S]pace where we expect more advances in the next few decades than throughout human history.”1 Bank of America/Merrill Lynch has predicted that the Space industry will grow to over $2.7 trillion over the next three decades. Its report said, “a new raft of drivers is pushing the ‘Space Age 2.0’”.2 Indeed, this market has seen start-up investments in the range of $16 billion,3 helping fund impressive new companies like Virgin Galactic and SpaceX. There is certainly a market as Virgin Galactic says more than 600 customers have registered for a $250,000 suborbital trip, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Katy Perry, Ashton Kutcher, and physicist Stephen Hawking.4 Although Space-tourism is the exciting face of a future in Space, the Space industry has far more to offer. According to the Satellite Industries 1 Michael Sheetz, The Space Industry Will Be Worth Nearly $3 Trillion in 30 Years, Bank of America Predicts, CNBC, (last updated Oct. -
Gnc 2021 Abstract Book
GNC 2021 ABSTRACT BOOK Contents GNC Posters ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Poster 01: A Software Defined Radio Galileo and GPS SW receiver for real-time on-board Navigation for space missions ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Poster 02: JUICE Navigation camera design .................................................................................................... 9 Poster 03: PRESENTATION AND PERFORMANCES OF MULTI-CONSTELLATION GNSS ORBITAL NAVIGATION LIBRARY BOLERO ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Poster 05: EROSS Project - GNC architecture design for autonomous robotic On-Orbit Servicing .............. 12 Poster 06: Performance assessment of a multispectral sensor for relative navigation ............................... 14 Poster 07: Validation of Astrix 1090A IMU for interplanetary and landing missions ................................... 16 Poster 08: High Performance Control System Architecture with an Output Regulation Theory-based Controller and Two-Stage Optimal Observer for the Fine Pointing of Large Scientific Satellites ................. 18 Poster 09: Development of High-Precision GPSR Applicable to GEO and GTO-to-GEO Transfer ................. 20 Poster 10: P4COM: ESA Pointing Error Engineering -
International Space Station Permanent Multi-Purpose Module (PMM) Life Extension
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120016610 2019-08-30T23:14:32+00:00Z International Space Station Permanent Multi-purpose Module (PMM) Life Extension 2011 Software And Systems Engineering Forum Acquisition Of System Integration And Software Products May 10-11, 2011 Kathy U. Jones NASA-MSFC Mailcode:ES11 256-544-3654 ISS Pressurized Logistics Resupply and Return Element: The Multipurpose Logistics Module (MPLM) • The International Space Station first United States element launch was the Unity Node (Node 1) in December 1998 (STS88) which docked to the Russian built Zarya (FGB) element. • All U.S. pressurized modules, truss segments, solar arrays, radiators, etc., as well as the European and Japanese pressurized modules have been launched within the Space Shuttle Orbiter’s cargo bay and assembled/integrated on orbit. • The International Space Station has been continuously occupied for over ten years (since November 2000). • Three Multipurpose Logistics Module (MPLM) were designed and built by the Italian Space Agency and delivered to NASA in 1998-1999 to deliver and return pressurized cargo to and from the station via the Shuttle Orbiter. • The MPLM Flight Module #1, was named “Leonardo” after the famous Italian artist Leonardo DaVinci. Leonardo has been an integral part of the International Space Station since its first resupply flight in March 2001 on STS102. ISS after STS102/5A.1 mission Leonardo in Module Rotation ISS after STS133/ULF5 mission Stand at KSC Photo source: http://io.jsc.nasa.gov 2 Leonardo Module Flight History • To date, there have been 10 MPLM missions. Seven of these were using the Leonardo Flight Module #1 (FM1) and three using the Raffaello Flight Module #2 (FM2). -
Acquisition of the Space Station Propulsion Module, IG-01-027
IG-01-027 AUDIT ACQUISITION OF THE SPACE STATION REPORT PROPULSION MODULE May 21, 2001 OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL National Aeronautics and Space Administration Additional Copies To obtain additional copies of this report, contact the Assistant Inspector General for Auditing at (202) 358-1232, or visit www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oig/hq/issuedaudits.html. Suggestions for Future Audits To suggest ideas for or to request future audits, contact the Assistant Inspector General for Auditing. Ideas and requests can also be mailed to: Assistant Inspector General for Auditing Code W NASA Headquarters Washington, DC 20546-0001 NASA Hotline To report fraud, waste, abuse, or mismanagement contact the NASA Hotline at (800) 424-9183, (800) 535-8134 (TDD), or at www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oig/hq/hotline.html#form; or write to the NASA Inspector General, P.O. Box 23089, L’Enfant Plaza Station, Washington, DC 20026. The identity of each writer and caller can be kept confidential, upon request, to the extent permitted by law. Reader Survey Please complete the reader survey at the end of this report or at www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oig/hq/audits.html. Acronyms ATV Autonomous Transfer Vehicle FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation FGB Functional Energy Block GAO General Accounting Office ICM Interim Control Module ISS International Space Station NPD NASA Policy Directive NPG NASA Procedures and Guidelines OIG Office of Inspector General OMB Office of Management and Budget OPTS Orbiter Propellant Transfer System SRR Systems Requirements Review USPM United States Propulsion Module USPS United States Propulsion System W May 21, 2001 TO: A/Administrator FROM: W/Inspector General SUBJECT: INFORMATION: Audit of Acquisition of the Space Station Propulsion Module Report Number IG-01-027 The NASA Office of Inspector General (OIG) has completed an Audit of Acquisition of the Space Station Propulsion Module. -
A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS)
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2011 A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) Hardware for Meeting NASA’s Need for a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) to the International Space Station - [COTS]2 Chad Lee Davis University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Commons, Other Aerospace Engineering Commons, and the Space Vehicles Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Chad Lee, "A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) Hardware for Meeting NASA’s Need for a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) to the International Space Station - [COTS]2. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/965 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Chad Lee Davis entitled "A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) Hardware for Meeting NASA’s Need for a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) to the International Space Station - [COTS]2." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Aerospace Engineering. -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 105 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 105 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 144 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, JULY 7, 1998 No. 88 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Tuesday, July 14, 1998, at 12:30 p.m. Senate TUESDAY, JULY 7, 1998 The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was SCHEDULE as we can. Members have to expect called to order by the President pro Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, this morn- votes late on Monday afternoons and tempore [Mr. THURMOND]. ing the Senate will immediately pro- on Fridays also. We certainly need all ceed to a vote on a motion to invoke Senators’ cooperation to get this work PRAYER cloture on the motion to proceed to the done. We did get time agreements at The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John product liability bill. If cloture is in- the end of the session before we went Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: voked, the Senate will debate the mo- out for the Fourth of July recess period Gracious God, our prayer is not to tion to proceed until the policy lunch- on higher education and also on a overcome Your reluctance to help us eons at 12:30 p.m., and following the package of energy bills. So we will know and do Your will, for You have policy luncheons, it is expected the work those in at the earliest possible created us to love, serve, and obey Senate will resume consideration of opportunity this week or next week. -
Planned Yet Uncontrolled Re-Entries of the Cluster-Ii Spacecraft
PLANNED YET UNCONTROLLED RE-ENTRIES OF THE CLUSTER-II SPACECRAFT Stijn Lemmens(1), Klaus Merz(1), Quirin Funke(1) , Benoit Bonvoisin(2), Stefan Löhle(3), Henrik Simon(1) (1) European Space Agency, Space Debris Office, Robert-Bosch-Straße 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany, Email:[email protected] (2) European Space Agency, Materials & Processes Section, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands (3) Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme, Pfaffenwaldring 29, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany ABSTRACT investigate the physical connection between the Sun and Earth. Flying in a tetrahedral formation, the four After an in-depth mission analysis review the European spacecraft collect detailed data on small-scale changes Space Agency’s (ESA) four Cluster II spacecraft in near-Earth space and the interaction between the performed manoeuvres during 2015 aimed at ensuring a charged particles of the solar wind and Earth's re-entry for all of them between 2024 and 2027. This atmosphere. In order to explore the magnetosphere was done to contain any debris from the re-entry event Cluster II spacecraft occupy HEOs with initial near- to southern latitudes and hence minimise the risk for polar with orbital period of 57 hours at a perigee altitude people on ground, which was enabled by the relative of 19 000 km and apogee altitude of 119 000 km. The stability of the orbit under third body perturbations. four spacecraft have a cylindrical shape completed by Small differences in the highly eccentric orbits of the four long flagpole antennas. The diameter of the four spacecraft will lead to various different spacecraft is 2.9 m with a height of 1.3 m. -
The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle
Order Code RL33568 The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Updated November 9, 2007 Carl E. Behrens Specialist in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Summary The International Space Station (ISS) program began in 1993, with Russia joining the United States, Europe, Japan, and Canada. Crews have occupied ISS on a 4-6 month rotating basis since November 2000. The U.S. Space Shuttle, which first flew in April 1981, has been the major vehicle taking crews and cargo back and forth to ISS, but the shuttle system has encountered difficulties since the Columbia disaster in 2003. Russian Soyuz spacecraft are also used to take crews to and from ISS, and Russian Progress spacecraft deliver cargo, but cannot return anything to Earth, since they are not designed to survive reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere. A Soyuz is always attached to the station as a lifeboat in case of an emergency. President Bush, prompted in part by the Columbia tragedy, made a major space policy address on January 14, 2004, directing NASA to focus its activities on returning humans to the Moon and someday sending them to Mars. Included in this “Vision for Space Exploration” is a plan to retire the space shuttle in 2010. The President said the United States would fulfill its commitments to its space station partners, but the details of how to accomplish that without the shuttle were not announced. The shuttle Discovery was launched on July 4, 2006, and returned safely to Earth on July 17. -
Highlights in Space 2010
International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no. -
Butina Keynote
Vision A human outpost in space bringing nations together for the benefit of life on Earth… and beyond. We will make revolutionary discoveries and establish a permanent international presence of humans in space, to advance the exploration of the solar system and enable commerce in space. U.S. Core complete Mission Safely build, operate, and utilize a continuously inhabited orbital research facility through a partnership of governments, industries, and academia. International partner complete dimensions: 171 ft. long, 240 ft. wide, 90 ft. high, 15,000 cubic feet of living space. weight: 197 tons (404,000 lbs.) ISS today science capabilities: laboratories from four space agencies planned, U.S. Lab “Destiny” operating since Feb. 2001. orbital inclination/path: 51.6 degrees, covering 90% of the world’s population. altitude: approximately 240 miles above the Earth. speed: 17,500 miles per hour, orbiting the Earth 16 times a day. The International Space Station is more powerful, and 4 times larger, than any human space craft ever built. Over 100 people have visited the ISS so far, 17% for the second time. United States 16 International Participants Canada Russia Europe 5 International Partners Japan ISS Technical Configuration Elements Currently on Orbit Elements Pending US Shuttle Launch Science Power Module (SPM) Elements Pending Russian Launch Docking Compartment (DC) 1 Zarya Control Module Zvezda Service Module PMA 1 S1 Truss SO Truss Port SM MMOD Shields Segment Segment Photovoltaic AMS ULC1 P1 Truss Arrays ULC2 Port MT/ CETA Research Module (RM) Mobile Segment Rails S3/4 Truss Servicing Segment System P6 Truss Multipurpose Laboratory Segment Module (MLM) Express Pallets Starboard MT/ CETA Rails P5 Truss S6 Truss Segment Segment ESP-3 P3/4 Truss S5 Truss Segment Segment ESP-4 Canadarm2 Starboard Photovoltaic Arrays Dextre (SPDM) Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS), JEM ELM-PS Mobile Transporter (MT) ESP-2 Z1 Truss Segment JEM RMS & Exposed Facility Airlock PMA 3 Node 1 Cupola U.S. -
Sustainable Operation of the ISS - Joint Session of the Human Space Endeavours and Space Operations Symposia (4-B6.5)
Paper ID: 14810 63rd International Astronautical Congress 2012 oral HUMAN SPACE ENDEAVOURS SYMPOSIUM (B3) Sustainable Operation of the ISS - Joint Session of the Human Space Endeavours and Space Operations Symposia (4-B6.5) Author: Mrs. Rosa Sapone Altec S.p.A., Italy, [email protected] Dr. Elena Afelli Altec S.p.A., Italy, [email protected] Dr. Paolo Cergna Altec S.p.A., Italy, [email protected] Dr. Francesco Santoro Altec S.p.A., Italy, [email protected] Mrs. Silvana Rabbia Italian Space Agency (ASI), Italy, [email protected] Dr. Marino Crisconio Italian Space Agency (ASI), Italy, [email protected] LOGISTICS & MAINTENANCE SUPPORT FOR MPLM MODULES IN THE FRAME OF ISS OPERATION - OVERVIEW AND LESSONS LEARNED Abstract The MPLM's are the three pressurized logistic modules built by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to travel on the NASA Space Shuttle between Earth and the International Space Station, transporting experiments, supplies and materials for the astronauts' life and the scientific activities and returning cargo to Earth. The MPLM's were designed to support 25 missions each, in two different configurations, active (for freezer-racks) and passive, depending on the environmental requirements of the cargo to be uploaded. Once attached to the ISS, the MPLM provided habitable space for two astronauts as well as active andpassive storage. In view of their typical mission timeline and scenario, the MPLM maintenance activities were performed on ground, in the frame of a quite complex series of turn-around activities between consecutive missions. As far as MPLM is concerned, the concept of ORU (orbital replaceable unit) was replaced by the concept of LRU (line replaceable unit). -
Kibo HANDBOOK
Kibo HANDBOOK September 2007 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Human Space Systems and Utilization Program Group Kibo HANDBOOK Contents 1. Background on Development of Kibo ............................................1-1 1.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.2 International Space Station (ISS) Program ........................................................................ 1-2 1.2.1 Outline.........................................................................................................................1-2 1.3 Background of Kibo Development...................................................................................... 1-4 2. Kibo Elements...................................................................................2-1 2.1 Kibo Elements.................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.1 Pressurized Module (PM)............................................................................................ 2-3 2.1.2 Experiment Logistics Module - Pressurized Section (ELM-PS)................................... 2-4 2.1.3 Exposed Facility (EF) .................................................................................................. 2-5 2.1.4 Experiment Logistics Module - Exposed Section (ELM-ES)........................................ 2-6 2.1.5 JEM Remote Manipulator System (JEMRMS)............................................................