DOCSLIB.ORG

Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 105 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 105 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 105 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 144 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, JULY 7, 1998 No. 88 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Tuesday, July 14, 1998, at 12:30 p.m. Senate TUESDAY, JULY 7, 1998 The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was SCHEDULE as we can. Members have to expect called to order by the President pro Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, this morn- votes late on Monday afternoons and tempore [Mr. THURMOND]. ing the Senate will immediately pro- on Fridays also. We certainly need all ceed to a vote on a motion to invoke Senators’ cooperation to get this work PRAYER cloture on the motion to proceed to the done. We did get time agreements at The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John product liability bill. If cloture is in- the end of the session before we went Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: voked, the Senate will debate the mo- out for the Fourth of July recess period Gracious God, our prayer is not to tion to proceed until the policy lunch- on higher education and also on a overcome Your reluctance to help us eons at 12:30 p.m., and following the package of energy bills. So we will know and do Your will, for You have policy luncheons, it is expected the work those in at the earliest possible created us to love, serve, and obey Senate will resume consideration of opportunity this week or next week. I Your guidance. Rather, our prayer is to the HUD–VA appropriations bill. It is yield the floor, Mr. President. lay hold of Your willingness to accom- hoped that Members will come to the f plish Your plans through us. You have floor this afternoon to offer and debate amendments to the HUD–VA bill. I un- told us to call on You, to trust You RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME completely, to put You first in our pri- derstand there are some amendments orities, and to express our devotion to and some very legitimate amendments. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. You in our patriotism. Sometimes, I hope we will get started on those FRIST). Under the previous order, lead- pride blocks our response, and we who early in the afternoon so that we can ership time is reserved. have a reasonable debate, but under a want to keep control find it difficult to f turn the control of our lives over to time agreement, and get to a conclu- You. When we are self-sufficient, we do sion as soon as we can this week on the CLOTURE MOTION not pray; when we are self-satisfied, we VA–HUD bill. The Senate also this week will con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under will not pray; when we are self-right- sider the IRS reform conference report. the previous order, pursuant to rule eous, we cannot pray. And yet, Father, We are not sure exactly when that will XXII, the Chair lays before the Senate when we are honest with ourselves, we begin. We thought about possibly to- the pending cloture motion, which the know that, by ourselves, we are insuffi- night. It will depend on what happens clerk will report. cient. We admit our profound need for on product liability and the HUD–VA The assistant legislative clerk read Your presence, Your wisdom, and Your bill, but we are definitely taking up the as follows: solutions to our problems. May this be IRS reform and restructuring con- CLOTURE MOTION a great day, lived to the fullest, trust- ference report before the end of the ing You each step of the way. Through We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- week to get a vote. I think this will be ance with the provision of Rule XXII of the our Lord and Savior. Amen. a tremendous reward for the American Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby f people for their patience, and also to move to bring to a close debate on the mo- help address the serious problems we tion to proceed to Calendar No. 90, S. 648, the RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY have had with the IRS in recent years. products liability bill: LEADER I also remind Members that July is Trent Lott, Don Nickles, Slade Gorton, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Phil Gramm, John McCain, Spencer expected to be a very busy month with Abraham, Daniel Coats, Richard G. able majority leader, Senator LOTT of late-night sessions and votes, and votes Lugar, Lauch Faircloth, John H. Mississippi, is recognized. on most Fridays and Mondays. If any- Chafee, Sam Brownback, Ted Stevens, Mr. LOTT. Thank you, Mr. President. thing develops to the contrary, of Jon Kyl, Jeff Sessions, Michael B. Enzi, Welcome back. course, we will notify Members as soon and Judd Gregg. ∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. S7525 . VerDate Mar 15 2010 00:35 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S07JY8.REC S07JY8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S7526 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 7, 1998 CALL OF THE ROLL The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there almost disappeared in the United The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unan- objection? Without objection, it is so States of America. So we are not imous consent, the mandatory quorum ordered. speaking about a theory when we talk call has been waived. (The remarks of Mr. THURMOND per- about the inhibitions placed on various VOTE taining to the introduction of S. 2266 forms of business enterprise, industrial The PRESIDING OFFICER. The are located in today’s RECORD under and otherwise, by the present state of question is, Is it the sense of the Sen- ‘‘Statements on Introduced Bills and the law varying from State to State ate that debate on the motion to pro- Joint Resolutions.’’) through 50 States and several other ju- ceed to S. 648, the product liability bill, Mr. THURMOND. I yield the floor, risdictions. shall be brought to a close? The yeas Mr. President. While I would prefer broader product and nays are required under the rule. Mr. GORTON addressed the Chair. liability legislation, and while I believe The clerk will call the roll. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The dis- the Senator from West Virginia might The assistant legislative clerk called tinguished Senator from Washington is prefer it to be somewhat broader than the roll. recognized. it is at this point, this legislation nev- Mr. NICKLES. I announce that the Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, is the ertheless is good for the economy of Senator from Texas (Mrs. HUTCHISON) business before the Senate the motion the United States, and it is good for is necessary absent. to proceed to S. 648? those who are injured by the actual or I also announce that the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- real negligence of manufacturers or from Pennsylvania (Mr. SPECTER) is ab- ator is correct. sellers. It does, however, say that in sent because of illness. Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, S. 648 is the case of the seller, the seller is only Mr. FORD. I announce that the Sen- a bill relating to product liability re- going to be liable when the seller itself ator from Hawaii (Mr. INOUYE), the ported about 1 year ago by the Senate is negligent. It does put some rational Senator from Maryland (Ms. MIKUL- Commerce Committee. That bill is basis on the award of punitive damages SKI), and the Senator from Maryland identical or nearly identical to the with an actual cap on punitive dam- (Mr. SARBANES) are necessarily absent. product liability legislation that ages for modest and for small busi- The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 71, passed both Houses of Congress in the nesses. In that regard, it sets a uniform nays 24, as follows: last Congress and was vetoed by Presi- national standard for punitive damages [Rollcall Vote No. 184 Leg.] dent Clinton. in those States that allow punitive YEAS—71 As and when the motion to proceed is damages—my own, for example, does Abraham Faircloth Lugar agreed to, Senator ROCKEFELLER and I not—raising the bar to require clear, Allard Frist Mack will propose an amendment in the na- cogent, and convincing evidence for the Ashcroft Glenn McCain ture of a substitute on the same sub- award of punitive damages, a higher Bennett Gorton McConnell ject, product liability, somewhat more Bingaman Gramm Moynihan standard than exists in most States at Bond Grams Murkowski modest in scope than the bill that was the present time, with a cap on puni- Brownback Grassley Nickles vetoed by the President. It is the result tive damages for small businesses. Bryan Gregg Reed of more than 1 year of careful and de- The National Federation of Inde- Bumpers Hagel Reid Burns Hatch tailed negotiation involving myself, pendent Business has just come out Robb Byrd Helms Roberts other members of this party, Senator with a study as to who is impacted by Campbell Hutchinson Rockefeller ROCKEFELLER and various of his allies, that, and while the definition of a Chafee Inhofe Coats Jeffords Santorum and the Office of the President of the small business in this bill is 25 employ- Cochran Johnson Sessions United States. ees or $5 million a year in sales, their Collins Kempthorne Smith (NH) The willingness of the President of Smith (OR) table shows that 73 percent of all the Coverdell Kerrey the United States to sign a product li- Craig Kohl Snowe manufacturers in the United States Daschle Kyl Stevens ability bill in the form of this sub- have fewer than 20 employees, 88 per- DeWine Landrieu Thomas stitute is due to the untiring and dili- cent of all the retailers in the United Dodd Lautenberg Thompson gent efforts of the junior Senator from States have fewer than 20 employees, Domenici Leahy Thurmond Dorgan Lieberman Warner West Virginia, who has literally been and 85 percent of the wholesalers in the Enzi Lott Wyden tireless in pursuing a solution to a United States fall within the same cat- NAYS—24 question that involved his time and my egory.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Acquisition of the Space Station Propulsion Module, IG-01-027
    IG-01-027 AUDIT ACQUISITION OF THE SPACE STATION REPORT PROPULSION MODULE May 21, 2001 OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL National Aeronautics and Space Administration Additional Copies To obtain additional copies of this report, contact the Assistant Inspector General for Auditing at (202) 358-1232, or visit www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oig/hq/issuedaudits.html. Suggestions for Future Audits To suggest ideas for or to request future audits, contact the Assistant Inspector General for Auditing. Ideas and requests can also be mailed to: Assistant Inspector General for Auditing Code W NASA Headquarters Washington, DC 20546-0001 NASA Hotline To report fraud, waste, abuse, or mismanagement contact the NASA Hotline at (800) 424-9183, (800) 535-8134 (TDD), or at www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oig/hq/hotline.html#form; or write to the NASA Inspector General, P.O. Box 23089, L’Enfant Plaza Station, Washington, DC 20026. The identity of each writer and caller can be kept confidential, upon request, to the extent permitted by law. Reader Survey Please complete the reader survey at the end of this report or at www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oig/hq/audits.html. Acronyms ATV Autonomous Transfer Vehicle FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation FGB Functional Energy Block GAO General Accounting Office ICM Interim Control Module ISS International Space Station NPD NASA Policy Directive NPG NASA Procedures and Guidelines OIG Office of Inspector General OMB Office of Management and Budget OPTS Orbiter Propellant Transfer System SRR Systems Requirements Review USPM United States Propulsion Module USPS United States Propulsion System W May 21, 2001 TO: A/Administrator FROM: W/Inspector General SUBJECT: INFORMATION: Audit of Acquisition of the Space Station Propulsion Module Report Number IG-01-027 The NASA Office of Inspector General (OIG) has completed an Audit of Acquisition of the Space Station Propulsion Module.
    [Show full text]
  • A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS)
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2011 A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) Hardware for Meeting NASA’s Need for a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) to the International Space Station - [COTS]2 Chad Lee Davis University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Commons, Other Aerospace Engineering Commons, and the Space Vehicles Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Chad Lee, "A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) Hardware for Meeting NASA’s Need for a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) to the International Space Station - [COTS]2. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/965 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Chad Lee Davis entitled "A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) Hardware for Meeting NASA’s Need for a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) to the International Space Station - [COTS]2." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Aerospace Engineering.
    [Show full text]
  • NSIAD-99-175 Space Station B-280328
    United States General Accounting Office GAO Report to Congressional Requesters August 1999 SPACE STATION Russian Commitment and Cost Control Problems GAO/NSIAD-99-175 United States General Accounting Office National Security and Washington, D.C. 20548 International Affairs Division B-280328 Letter August 17, 1999 The Honorable John McCain Chairman, Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation United States Senate The Honorable Bill Frist Chairman, Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation United States Senate The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) faces many challenges in developing and building the International Space Station (ISS). These challenges, such as Russian difficulty in completing its components on schedule due to insufficient funding and continuing U.S. prime contractor cost increases, have translated into schedule delays and higher program cost estimates to complete development. As requested, we reviewed the status of Russian involvement in the ISS program. We also examined the prime contractor’s progress in implementing cost control measures and NASA’s efforts to oversee the program’s nonprime activity. Specifically, we (1) assessed NASA’s progress in developing contingency plans to mitigate the possibility of Russian nonperformance and the loss or delay of other critical components, (2) identified NASA’s efforts to ensure that Russian quality assurance processes meet the station’s safety requirements, and (3) determined the effectiveness of cost control efforts regarding the prime contract and nonprime activities. Results in Brief As an ISS partner, Russia agreed to provide equipment, such as the Service Module, Progress vehicles to reboost the station, dry cargo, and related launch services throughout the station’s life.1 However, Russia’s funding problems have delayed delivery of the Service Module—the first major Russian-funded component—and raised questions about its ability to support the station during and after assembly.
    [Show full text]
  • 1St Annual ISS Research and Development Conference Results and Opportunities – the Decade of Utilization
    1st Annual ISS Research and Development Conference Results and Opportunities – The Decade of Utilization June 26-27, 2012 Denver Marriott City Center 1701 California Street Denver, Colorado 80202 www.astronautical.org 1st Annual ISS Research and Development Conference June 26-27, 2012 Denver Marriott City Center, 1701 California Street, Denver, Colorado 80202 Organized by the American Astronautical Society in cooperation with the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space Inc. (CASIS) and NASA Sponsored by: The International Space Station (ISS) – Scientific Laboratory Technology Testbed Orbiting Outpost Galactic Observatory Innovation Engine Student Inspiration. This conference focuses on ISS R & D — research results and future opportunities in physical sciences, life sciences, Earth and space sciences, and spacecraft technology development. Plenary sessions will highlight major results and pathways to future opportunities. Organizations managing and funding research on ISS, including NASA programs and the ISS National Laboratory will provide overviews of upcoming opportunities. Parallel technical sessions will provide tracks for scientists to be updated on significant accomplishments to date within their disciplines. On June 28. NASA will conduct a separate workshop designed to help new users take this information and develop their own ideas for experiments using this unique laboratory, as well as a SBIR Technologies workshop. Potential ISS users who attend will learn: “What can I do on the ISS? How can I do it?” This is the only annual gathering offering perspectives on the full breadth of research and technology development on ISS, and includes one stop for the full suite of opportunities for future research. Page 2 Conference Technical Co-Chairs Conference Planning Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The International Space Station Partners: Background and Current Status
    The Space Congress® Proceedings 1998 (35th) Horizons Unlimited Apr 28th, 2:00 PM Paper Session I-B - The International Space Station Partners: Background and Current Status Daniel V. Jacobs Manager, Russian Integration, International Partners Office, International Space Station ogrPr am, NASA, JSC Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Jacobs, Daniel V., "Paper Session I-B - The International Space Station Partners: Background and Current Status" (1998). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 18. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1998-35th/april-28-1998/18 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION: BACKGROUND AND CURRENT STATUS Daniel V. Jacobs Manager, Russian Integration, International Partners Office International Space Station Program, NASA Johnson Space Center Introduction The International Space Station, as the largest international civil program in history, features unprecedented technical, managerial, and international complexity. Seven interna- tional partners and participants encompassing fifteen countries are involved in the ISS. Each partner is designing, developing and will be operating separate pieces of hardware, to be inte- grated on-orbit into a single orbital station. Mission control centers, launch vehicles, astronauts/ cosmonauts, and support services will be provided by multiple partners, but functioning in a coordinated, integrated fashion. A number of major milestones have been accomplished to date, including the construction of major elements of flight hardware, the development of opera- tions and sustaining engineering centers, astronaut training, and seven Space Shuttle/Mir docking missions.
    [Show full text]
  • A Call for a New Human Missions Cost Model
    A Call For A New Human Missions Cost Model NASA 2019 Cost and Schedule Analysis Symposium NASA Johnson Space Center, August 13-15, 2019 Joseph Hamaker, PhD Christian Smart, PhD Galorath Human Missions Cost Model Advocates Dr. Joseph Hamaker Dr. Christian Smart Director, NASA and DoD Programs Chief Scientist • Former Director for Cost Analytics • Founding Director of the Cost and Parametric Estimating for the Analysis Division at NASA U.S. Missile Defense Agency Headquarters • Oversaw development of the • Originator of NASA’s NAFCOM NASA/Air Force Cost Model cost model, the NASA QuickCost (NAFCOM) Model, the NASA Cost Analysis • Provides subject matter expertise to Data Requirement and the NASA NASA Headquarters, DARPA, and ONCE database Space Development Agency • Recognized expert on parametrics 2 Agenda Historical human space projects Why consider a new Human Missions Cost Model Database for a Human Missions Cost Model • NASA has over 50 years of Human Space Missions experience • NASA’s International Partners have accomplished additional projects . • There are around 70 projects that can provide cost and schedule data • This talk will explore how that data might be assembled to form the basis for a Human Missions Cost Model WHY A NEW HUMAN MISSIONS COST MODEL? NASA’s Artemis Program plans to Artemis needs cost and schedule land humans on the moon by 2024 estimates Lots of projects: Lunar Gateway, Existing tools have some Orion, landers, SLS, commercially applicability but it seems obvious provided elements (which we may (to us) that a dedicated HMCM is want to independently estimate) needed Some of these elements have And this can be done—all we ongoing cost trajectories (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • ESA's ISS External Payloads
    number 8, march 2002 on station The Newsletter of the Directorate of Manned Spaceflight and Microgravity http://www.esa.int/spaceflight in this issue A Promising Start to 2002 aurora Jörg Feustel-Büechl Aurora: A European Roadmap 4 ESA Director of Manned Spaceflight and Microgravity for Solar System Exploration Rolf Schulze I want to highlight two very important milestones for this year. Firstly, the final integration and test of our Columbus virtual campus laboratory for the International Space Station began at The Erasmus Virtual Campus 6 Astrium GmbH in Bremen (D) following the arrival in Dieter Isakeit September of the Pre-Integrated Columbus Assembly (PICA) from Alenia Spazio in Turin (I). I believe that we have a payloads masterpiece of European engineering here, and I am ESA’s ISS External Payloads 8 delighted with the progress so far.We should be seeing some Steve Feltham & Giacinto Gianfiglio very real advance on Columbus by the end of 2002 and look forward to its status then. xeus Secondly, I had the opportunity on 15 January to review ISS Assembly of XEUS 10 the course of the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) project at Jens Schiemann Les Mureaux (F), together with our team and the industries involved in the project under prime contractor EADS-LV.The spoe progress is quite remarkable when we remember the SPOE 12 difficulties of last year. All in all, I think that the technical Rolf-Dieter Andresen, Maurizio Nati achievements so far are satisfactory. One important & Chris Taylor demonstration of this progress is the arrival of the ATV Structural Test Model in ESTEC’s Test Centre, where it will research undergo testing during the whole of this year.
    [Show full text]
  • Astro2010: the Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey
    Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey Notices of Interest 1. 4 m space telescope for terrestrial planet imaging and wide field astrophysics Point of Contact: Roger Angel, University of Arizona Summary Description: The proposed 4 m telescope combines capabilities for imaging terrestrial exoplanets and for general astrophysics without compromising either. Extremely high contrast imaging at very close inner working angle, as needed for terrestrial planet imaging, is accomplished by the powerful phase induced amplitude apodization method (PIAA) developed by Olivier Guyon. This method promises 10-10 contrast at 2.0 l/D angular separation, i.e. 50 mas for a 4 m telescope at 500 nm wavelength. The telescope primary mirror is unobscured with off-axis figure, as needed to achieve such high contrast. Despite the off-axis primary, the telescope nevertheless provides also a very wide field for general astrophysics. A 3 mirror anastigmat design by Jim Burge delivers a 6 by 24 arcminute field whose mean wavefront error of 12 nm rms, i.e.diffraction limited at 360 nm wavelength. Over the best 10 square arcminutes the rms error is 7 nm, for diffraction limited imaging at 200 nm wavelength. Any of the instruments can be fed by part or all of the field, by means of a flat steering mirror at the exit pupil. To allow for this, the field is curved with a radius equal to the distance from the exit pupil. The entire optical system fits in a 4 m diameter cylinder, 8 m long. Many have considered that only by using two spacecraft, a conventional on-axis telescope and a remote occulter, could high contrast and wide field imaging goals be reconciled.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Stations
    Order Code IB93017 CRS Issue Brief for Congress Received through the CRS Web Space Stations Updated November 17, 2005 Marcia S. Smith Resources, Science, and Industry Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress CONTENTS SUMMARY MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS Introduction The Space Station Program: 1984-1993 Space Station Freedom 1993 Redesign — the Clinton Administration Restructuring The International Space Station (ISS): 1993-Present ISS Design, Cost, Schedule, and Lifetime September 1993-January 2001: The Clinton Administration 2001-Present: The George W. Bush Administration Reviews of NASA’s Cost Estimates and Adding Funds for ISS Congressional Action FY2005 FY2006 International Partners The Original Partners: Europe, Canada, and Japan Russia Risks and Benefits of Russian Participation ISS and U.S. Nonproliferation Objectives, Including the Iran Nonproliferation Act (INA) Key Issues For Congress Maintaining ISS Operations While the Shuttle Is Grounded Ensuring U.S. Astronaut Participation in Long-Duration Missions Impact of President Bush’s Vision for Space Exploration, Including a Potential Gap in U.S. Human Access to Space LEGISLATION IB93017 11-17-05 Space Stations SUMMARY Congress continues to debate NASA’s “Moon/Mars” Vision instead of the broadly- International Space Station (ISS), a perma- based program that was planned. nently occupied facility in Earth orbit where astronauts live and conduct research. Canada, Japan, and several European Congress appropriated approximately $35 countries became partners with NASA in billion for the program from FY1985-2005. building the space station in 1988; Russia The initial FY2006 ISS request was $2.180 joined in 1993. Except for money paid to billion: $1.857 billion for construction and Russia, there is no exchange of funds among operations and $324 million for research to be the partners.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA's International Relations in Space
    Notes 1 Introduction and Historical Overview: NASA’s International Relations in Space 1. James R. Hansen, First Man. The Life of Neil A. Armstrong (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005), 493. 2. Ibid., 393, 503. 3. Ibid., 505. 4. For survey of the historical literature, see Roger D. Launius, “Interpreting the Moon Landings: Project Apollo and the Historians,” History and Technology 22:3 (September 2006), 225–255. On the gendering of the Apollo program, see Margaret A. Weitekamp, The Right Stuff, the Wrong Sex: The Lovelace Women in the Space Program (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004); “The ‘Astronautrix’ and the ‘Magnificent Male.’ Jerrie Cobb’s Quest to be the First Woman in America’s Manned Space pro- gram,” in Avital H. Bloch and Lauri Umansky (eds.), Impossible to Hold. Women and Culture in the 1960s (New York: New York University Press), 9–28. 5. Hansen, First Man , 513–514. 6. Sunny Tsiao, “Read You Loud and Clear.” The Story of NASA’s Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (Washington, DC: NASA SP-2007–4232), Chapter 5 . 7. Experiment Operations during Apollo EVAs. Experiment: Solar Wind Experiment, http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/humanexplore/exploration/exlibrary/docs/apollocat/ part1/swc.htm (accessed August 31, 2008). 8. Thomas A. Sullivan, Catalog of Apollo Experiment Operations (Washington, DC: NASA Reference Publication 1317, 1994), 113–116. Geiss’s team also measured the amounts of rare gases trapped in lunar rocks: P. Eberhart and J. Geiss, et al., “Trapped Solar Wind Noble Gases, Exposure Age and K/Ar Age in Apollo 11 Lunar Fine Material,” in A.
    [Show full text]
  • A Rationale for a Human Lunar Pathfinder Mission
    A RATIONALE FOR A HUMAN LUNAR PATHFINDER MISSION Robert Lee Howard, Jr. University of Tennessee Space Institute Tullahoma, TN Abstract NASA must find them and validate them. There are resources in the lunar environment that will NASA is facing immense challenges. enhance our capabilities for missions in other Costs for the International Space Station are areas of space, both within the Earth-Moon' climbing into orbit; Mars is far too unknown for system anq further into the solar system. NASA human flight; robotic missions seem to fail nearly must identify these resources, learn how to tap as often as they succeed; and the shuttle is into them, and create the conditions to make their b.ecoming increasingly obsolete. What is the use a reality. This is why NASA exists. This focus NASA should bring to the new paper will define and justify the objectives of a millennium? Clearly NASA must maintain the pathfinder lunar mission intended to bring focus shuttle and work towards a new launch system. to some of these issues, and will investigate They must complete the International Space mission requirements and constraints to be Station, especially now that components.are in applied to the pathfinder project. orbit. Robotic exploration of the solar system must continue. But for all practical purposes, Introduction this might as well be a path to nowhere. While there are definite long-term payoffs - in the 20+ The call for a return to the moon has year timeframe - there is far too much room in been repeatedly given ever since the final lunar the near future for a loss of identity and purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 3–51. Space Shuttle Missions Summary (1989–1998) 3–51
    databk7_collected.book Page 370 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM 370 Table 3–51. Space Shuttle Missions Summary (1989–1998) (Continued) Flt No. Mission/Orbiter Dates Crew Major Payloads 73 STS-74/Atlantis November 12, 1995 – CDR: Kenneth D. Cameron NASA Payload Deployed: None November 20, 1995 PLT: James D. Halsell, Jr. Second Shuttle-Mir docking MS: Chris A. Hadfield, Jerry L. Ross, William S. McArthur, Jr. 74 STS-72/Endeavour January 11, 1996 – CDR: Brian Duffy NASA Payload Deployed and Retrieved: DATABOOKNASA HISTORICAL January 20, 1996 PLT: Brent W. Jett, Jr. SPARTAN-OAST Flyer MS: Leroy Chiao, Retrieved Japanese Space Flyer Unit Winston E. Scott, Koichi Wakata, Daniel T. Barry 75 STS-75/Columbia February 22, 1996 – CDR: Andrew M. Allen NASA-Italian Space Agency Payload March 9, 1996 PLT: Scott J. Horowitz Deployed: Tethered Satellite System MS: Jeffrey A. Hoffman, (TSS)-1R Maurizio Cheli, Carried USMP-3 Claude Nicollier PC: Franklin R. Chang-Diaz PS: Umberto Guidoni 76 STS-76/Atlantis March 22, 1996 – CDR: Kevin P. Chilton NASA Payload Deployed: None March 31, 1996 PLT: Richard A. Searfoss Third Shuttle-Mir docking MS: Ronald M. Sega, Michael R. Carried SPACEHAB Single Module Clifford, Linda M. Godwin, Shannon W. Lucid (to Mir) 77 STS-77/Endeavour May 19, 1996 – CDR: John H. Casper NASA Payload Deployed and Retrieved: May 29, 1996 PLT: Curtis L. Brown, Jr. SPARTAN-207 carrying Inflatable MS: Andrew S.W. Thomas, Antenna Experiment Daniel W. Bursch, Mario Runco, Jr., Carried SPACEHAB research module Marc Garneau databk7_collected.book Page 371 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Table 3–51.
    [Show full text]