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Home , Action (firearms), Breechblock

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Patented July 18, 1950 2,515,315 UNITED STATES PATENT office TLT LOCKING BREECHBLOCK FOR, AUTOMATC FIREARMS. Dieudonné Joseph Saive, Wandre, Belgium Application July 18, 1947, Serial No. 761,794 in Belgium December 13, 1943 - Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires December 13, 1963 14 Claims. (C. 89-184) This invention relates to automatic firearms lower part is a section taken on the plane Ia-IIa, having fixed barrels and in which the breech in Figures 2, 3, 5 and 7. block is opened by a slide acted upon by the Figure 2 is a plan view of the slide. explosion gases. - . Figure 3 is an end view of the slide taken in In firearms of this type, the extraction of the 5 the direction F3 in Figure 2. a . . . . empty cartridges is sometimes rendered difficult Figure 4 is a cross-section through the by the too sudden recoil of the breech block. taken on the line IV -IV in Figure 1. . . . . According to the present invention, there is Figure 5 is an end view of the breech block. provided in the breech block housing a right Figure 6 is a side elevation of the breech block. angled lever, the two arms of which are unequal. 10 Figure 7 is a section taken on the line VII-VII The long arm is positioned along the slide and in Figure 6. has its end in the shape of a cam coming into Figure 8 is a similar view as Figure 1 but in contact with a cam of the slide. The end of the which the slide starts to move backwards. other arm bears on the front surface of the Figure 9 is a similar view as Figure in which breech block. 5 the breech block is unlocked. - -. In this way, from the beginning of the recoil, Figure 10 is a similar view as Figure 1 in which the slide acts on the breech block through the the breech block is opened. medium of the lever and the exerts a Figure 11 is a partial sectional view showing strong slowly applied to the to the cooperating rear parts of the slide and the be extracted. 20 breech block respectively in the positions they In a preferred form of the invention, a spring 'aSSurne during the return movement of the is positioned between the breech block and the breech block, when the return movement starts. side and tends constantly to separate these Figure 12 is a similar view as Figure 11 but at two parts, so that the breech block is forcibly the instant at which the breech block reaches the Focked when it reaches it forward position. . locking position. " ; . . . . Moreover, this spring is provided with a spur Figure 13 is a similar view as Figure 12 but which extends into a groove in the and when the breech block is locked. holds it until the breech block is closed. Figure 14 is a longitudinal central sectional The rear part of the slide is, moreover, con view'showing the parts and particularly the slide figured to prevent the striking from '; ‘and the breech block in the positions they assume striking the firing pin as long as the breech 'at the end of recoil. block is not locked. Finally, the slide is provided, When the exposion occurs, the gases act on a adjacent, its rear-end, with a cam, of which the piston which urges the slide 2 backwards rounded surface comes successively into contact against the resistance of a spring 7, the end of With an abutment having three surfaces, said 35 which lies within the hollow part of the slide. abutment being integral with the movable breech The first function of the slide is to unlock the block. By bringing this cam into contact suc breech block 3. This it does through the ramp cessively with the three surfaces of the abut 2a which presses against a lug 3a on the breech ment, the breech block is thrust forwardly, block and lifts the rear end of the breech block placed in locking position and finally fixed in as shown in Figures 8 and 9 so that the locking this position. member 3b rises clear of the locking member 4a In order that the invention may be properly Of the receiver and so that the lower face 3c of understood and be more readily carried into the face. 4d of the breech block locking member effect, an example of an automatic em a (Figure 10). . . . bodying the invention will now be described with 45 As shown in Figure 8, the lug. 3a on the breech reference to the accompanying drawings in block is in contact with the ramp 2a of the slide. At that instant, that inner rear part of the slide Which:Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical. section through which maintained the breech blocklocked is the firearm showing the breech block and the (withdrawn...... side which unlocks and opens the breech block 50 ; : The second function of the slide is to cause and causes it to recoil. The upper part of the the breech block to be opened and the empty figure is a section taken on the plane - in cartridge: case to be extracted. These operations Figures 2, 3 and 5; the left hand lower part is an are initiated by a lever 5 pivotally: mounted on elevation taken in the direction Fin Figure 2, i the receiver at 5a. The longer arm of this lever the breech block being omitted; the right hand , 55 is provided with a cam Surface 5b which is acted

2,515,315 3 4. upon by a Cam 2b on the slide when the latter When the breech block is not locked (Figure has unlocked the breech block (Figures 9 and 10). 8), the rear end of the slide projects beyond the The lever is consequently swung in the sense of rear end of the firing pin thus preventing the the arrow Y (Fig. 10) so that the end, 5c of its Striker from Striking Said firing pin. shorter arm presses against a projection 3d on What I claim is: the front end of the breech block. 1. An comprising a fixed According to Figure 9 the breech block has barrel, a receiver fixed to said barrel, a slide and reached its uppermost position and the unlocking ... a breech block reciprocating in said receiver, a of the latter is achieved. Thereafter the lever 5 striker, a firing pin, a safety spring located be operates and comes in contact; with ramp 2b 0. tween and tending to separate said breech block of the slide. That way, the lever 5 causes back and said slide, a lug on said breech block, a wards effort of the slide to be transmitted to curved face on said slide coacting With Said lug breech block 3d by means of the shorter arm 5c On said breech block to move Said breech block of Said lever. forwardly and to hold it in locked position, a The lever 5 increases the mechanical ad 15 lever pivotally mounted in said receiver so that vantage of the mechanism, ensuring that the one of its extremities comes in contact with said breech block is first of all moved back slowly so slide while the other extremity rests upon the that it exerts a strong and slowly applied force fore face of said breech block, said slide having for the extraction of the empty cartridge case. its back part in the path of said striker as long When the extraction has been thus initiated, the 20 as said slide has not reached its forward position. projection 2c, on the slide abuts against a pro 2. An automatic firearm comprising a fixed jection 2e on the breech block (Figure10) so that barrel, a receiver fixed to said barrel, a slide and the breech block is then moved back rapidly into a breech block, reciprocating in said receiver, a the fully open position with and by the slide. striker, a firing pin, a safety spring located be In Figure 10, the extraction of the breech block 25 tween and tending to separate said breech block and of the empty cartridge case are completed and said slide, a lug on said breech block, a and projection .2c on the slide moves the breech curved face on said slide. coacting with said lug block 3 backwardly...... on said breech block to move said breech block ... The slide acts in the same way, of course, when forwardly and to hold it...in locked position, a the breech block is opened by hand by means of 30 cam on said slide, a lever pivotally mounted in the ever 2e (Figure 3). Said receiver and having two unequal arms per ... It will be seen from Figure 4 that the lever 5 pendicular to one another, the extremity of the is mounted obliquely relatively to the receiver 4. longer arm located along a side wall of said re . The recoil of the breech block 3 causes the ceiver being in contact with said cam. On said striker 33 pivotally mounted at 33a (Figure 1) 35 slide while the extremity of the other arm rests to swing back through a groove 4c in the upon the fore, face of said breech block, said receiver, so that said striker can resume its slide having its back part in the path of Said backwards position ready for striking the firing striker as long as said slide has not reached its pin. . . . . forward position. * . The slide returns to the closed position under 40 3. An automatic firearm comprising, a fixed the action of its return spring 7 moving the barrel, a receiver fixed to said barrel, a slide and breech block with it. During the return move a breech block reciprocating in Said receiver, a ment (Figures 11-13), the curved face 2d (Figs. striker, a firing pin, a safety, spring located be 11, 12, 13) of a part of the slide bears against the tween and tending to separate said breech block steeply sloping surface 3f on the lug 3a of the and said slide, a lug on Said breech block, a breech block (Figure 11) until the breech block curved face on said slide coacting, with said lug reaches the locking position (Figure 13). on said breech block to move said breech block . . When the locking position is reached, the forwardly and to hold it in locked position, a forward movement of the breech block is arrested cam on said slide, a lever pivotally mounted in abruptly by the abutment of the part 3i, against said receiver, said lever being inclined with, re a part fixed to the barrel, the rear portion of the spect to said side wall of said receiver and having breech block is pushed down namely by a Spring two unequal arms perpendicular to one another, 32 arranged between the breech block and the the extremity of the longer arm located along a slide and is locked by the locking member 4a. side, wall of said receiver being in contact with The slide continuing to move forward and its said cam on said slide while the extremity of the part 2d riding up the more gently sloping face other arm rests upon the fore face of said breech .3g (Figure 12) on the lug 3a of the breech block block, said slide having its back part in the path helps to force the breech block down. Finally, of said striker as long as said slide has not the part 2d on the slide comes on to the hori reached it forward position...... - izontal face 37 (Figure 13) on the lug. 3a. So that 60 * 4. An automatic firearm comprising, a fixed "the slide holds the breech block against being barrel, a receiver fixed to Said barrel, a slide, and unlocked. a breech block reciprocating in said receiver, a *::In Figure 13 is shown the locking reliability striker, a firing pin, said firing. pin having a area; the part 2d of slide, covering surface 3h. groove therein, a safety spring located between of the breech block according to the backwards 65 and tending; to separate said breech block and movement of slide appears in relation with the said slide, a hook on said spring engaging with 'slide positions shown in Figures 1 and 8. said groove in said firing pin as long as Said . The spring 32 also forms a safety device (Figure breech block is not locked, a lug on said breech 14) for preventing firing when the breech block block, a curved face on said slide coacting with is unlocked. As shown in Figure 14, the firing, 70 said lug on said breech block to move said breech pin 3 has a groove 3a in it and the Spring 32 block forwardly, and to hold it in locked position, has a lug 32a on it which acts as a safety and, a cam on said slide, a lever pivotally mounted in i by engaging in the groove 3a, holds the firing said receiver, said lever being inclined with re pin against forward movement when the breech spect to said side wall of said receiver and having block is unlocked. . . . - ... 5 two unequal arms perpendicular to one another, 2,515,815 8 the extremity of the longer arm located along a UNITED STATES PATENTS side wall of said receiver being in contact with Number Name Date said cam on said slide while the extremity of the 1,387,460 Beets ------Aug. 16, 1921. other arm rests upon the fore face of said breech 1,730,269 Darne ------Oct. 1, 1929 block, said slide having its back part in the path 5 1985,493 Gebauer et al. ------Dec. 25, 1934 of said striker as long as said slide has not Holek ------Dec. 23, 1941 reached its forward position 2,267,501 DEUDONNE JOSEPHI SAVE. FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date REFERENCES CTED O 184,336 Switzerland ------Aug. 1, 1936 The following references are of record in the 60,954 Denmark ------May 24, 1943 file of this patent: