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The Army's M-4 Carbine: Background and Issues for Congress
The Army’s M-4 Carbine: Background and Issues for Congress Andrew Feickert Specialist in Military Ground Forces June 8, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22888 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The Army’s M-4 Carbine: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The M-4 carbine is the Army’s primary individual combat weapon for infantry units. While there have been concerns raised by some about the M-4’s reliability and lethality, some studies suggest that the M-4 is performing well and is viewed favorably by users. The Army is undertaking both the M4 Carbine Improvement Program and the Individual Carbine Competition, the former to identify ways to improve the current weapon, and the latter to conduct an open competition among small arms manufacturers for a follow-on weapon. An integrated product team comprising representatives from the Infantry Center; the Armament, Research, Development, and Engineering Center; the Program Executive Office Soldier; and each of the armed services will assess proposed improvements to the M4. The proposal for the industry-wide competition is currently before the Joint Requirements Oversight Council, and with the anticipated approval, solicitation for industry submissions could begin this fall. It is expected, however, that a selection for a follow-on weapon will not occur before FY2013, and that fielding of a new weapon would take an additional three to four years. This report will be updated as events warrant. Congressional Research Service The -
Singapore Country Report
SALW Guide Global distribution and visual identification Singapore Country report https://salw-guide.bicc.de Weapons Distribution SALW Guide Weapons Distribution The following list shows the weapons which can be found in Singapore and whether there is data on who holds these weapons: AR 15 (M16/M4) G HK MP5 G Browning M 2 G IGLA (SA-16 / SA-18) G Carl Gustav recoilless rifle G Lee-Enfield SMLE G Daewoo K1 / K2 G M203 grenade launcher G FN FAL G Remington 870P G FN Herstal FN MAG G RPG 7 G Sterling MP L2A3 FN High Power U G FN P90 G Explanation of symbols Country of origin Licensed production Production without a licence G Government: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is held by Governmental agencies. N Non-Government: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is held by non-Governmental armed groups. U Unspecified: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is found in the country, but do not specify whether it is held by Governmental agencies or non-Governmental armed groups. It is entirely possible to have a combination of tags beside each country. For example, if country X is tagged with a G and a U, it means that at least one source of data identifies Governmental agencies as holders of weapon type Y, and at least one other source confirms the presence of the weapon in country X without specifying who holds it. Note: This application is a living, non-comprehensive database, relying to a great extent on active contributions (provision and/or validation of data and information) by either SALW experts from the military and international renowned think tanks or by national and regional focal points of small arms control entities. -
Pistol Grip Power Tool Handle and Trigger Size Effects on Grip Exertions and Opera Tor Preference
HUMAN FACTORS, 1993,35(3),551-569 Pistol Grip Power Tool Handle and Trigger Size Effects on Grip Exertions and Opera tor Preference SEOUNGYEON OH and ROBERT G. RADWIN,1 University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Finger and palmar forces were measured during actual pneumatic nutrunner op- eration using a strain gauge dynamometer. Eighteen student subjects were as- signed to one of three categories based on hand length. Two triggers and four handle spans were presented randomly. Handle span affected maximal and sub- maximal grip force. As span increased from 4 cm to 7 cm, average peak finger force increased 24%, peak palmar force increased 22%, and average finger and palmar tool-holding forces increased 20%. When an extended trigger was used, average peak finger force decreased 9%, peak palmar force decreased 8%, finger tool- holding force decreased 65%, and palmar tool-holding force decreased 48%. Hand size affected grip strength (MVC),grip force, and exertion level (force/MVC). Hold- ing exertion level was maximum for large-handed subjects using a 4-cm handle and for small-handed subjects using a 7-cm handle. Subjective handle span pref- erence increased as hand size increased. A similar experiment was performed using 11 factory workers. INTRODUCTION was connected directly to the use of pneu- matic screwdrivers and nutrunners. There is Pneumatic hand-held power tools are also growing concern about designing and se- widely used in industry. Power tools reduce lecting power tools for preventing cumulative manual force requirements, shorten the time trauma disorders (CTDs). to accomplish tasks, and improve the quality Repetitive motion, forceful exertion, awk- of work. -
New York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. V. Corlett
No. ______ In the Supreme Court of the United States __________________ NEW YORK STATE RIFLE & PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC., ROBERT NASH, BRANDON KOCH, Petitioners, v. KEITH M. CORLETT, in His Official Capacity as Superintendent of New York State Police, RICHARD J. MCNALLY, JR., in His official Capacity as Justice of the New York Supreme Court, Third Judicial District, and Licensing Officer for Rensselaer County, Respondents. ________________ On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ________________ PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI ________________ KEVIN M. NEYLAN, JR. PAUL D. CLEMENT KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP Counsel of Record 601 Lexington Ave. ERIN E. MURPHY New York, NY 10022 KASDIN M. MITCHELL KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP 1301 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Washington, DC 20004 (202) 389-5000 [email protected] Counsel for Petitioners December 17, 2020 QUESTION PRESENTED New York prohibits its ordinary law-abiding citizens from carrying a handgun outside the home without a license, and it denies licenses to every citizen who fails to convince the state that he or she has “proper cause” to carry a firearm. In District of Columbia v. Heller, this Court held that the Second Amendment protects “the individual right to possess and carry weapons in case of confrontation,” 554 U.S. 570, 592 (2008), and in McDonald v. City of Chicago, the Court held that this right “is fully applicable to the States,” 561 U.S. 742, 750 (2010). For more than a decade since then, numerous courts of appeals have squarely divided on this critical question: whether the Second Amendment allows the government to deprive ordinary law-abiding citizens of the right to possess and carry a handgun outside the home. -
Shotgun Shooting
SHOTGUN SHOOTING STEM-Based BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA MERIT BADGE SERIES SHOTGUN SHOOTING “Enhancing our youths’ competitive edge through merit badges” Requirements 1. Do the following: a. Explain why BB and pellet air guns must always be treated with the same respect as firearms. b. Describe how you would react if a friend visiting your home asked to see your or your family’s firearm(s). c. Explain the need for and use and types of eye and hearing protection. d. Explain the main points of the laws for owning and using guns in your community and state. e. Explain how hunting is related to the wise use of renewable wildlife resources. f. Successfully complete a state hunter education course, or obtain a copy of the hunting laws for your state, then do the following. (1) Explain the main points of hunting laws in your state and give any special laws on the use of guns and ammunition, and (2) List the kinds of wildlife that can be legally hunted in your state. g. Explain to your counselor the proper hygienic guidelines used in shooting. h. Identify and explain three shotgun sports. Identify places in your community where you could shoot these sports and explain how you can join or be a part of shooting sports activities. i. Give your counselor a list of sources that you could contact for information on firearms and their use. 4 SHOTGUN SHOOTING 2. Do ONE of the following options: OPTION A—SHOTGUN SHOOTING (Modern Shotshell Type) a. Identify the principal parts of a shotgun, action types, and how they function. -
Thompson Brochure 9Th Edition.Indd
9th Edition Own A Piece Of American History Thompson Submachine Gun General John T. Thompson, a graduate of West Point, began his research in 1915 for an automatic weapon to supply the American military. World War I was dragging on and casualties were mounting. Having served in the U.S. Army’s ordnance supplies and logistics, General Thompson understood that greater fi repower was needed to end the war. Thompson was driven to create a lightweight, fully automatic fi rearm that would be effective against the contemporary machine gun. His idea was “a one-man, hand held machine gun. A trench broom!” The fi rst shipment of Thompson prototypes arrived on the dock in New York for shipment to Europe on November 11, 1918 the day that the War ended. In 1919, Thompson directed Auto-Ordnance to modify the gun for nonmilitary use. The gun, classifi ed a “submachine gun” to denote a small, hand-held, fully automatic fi rearm chambered for pistol ammunition, was offi cially named the “Thompson submachine gun” to honor the man most responsible for its creation. With military and police sales low, Auto-Ordnance sold its submachine guns through every legal outlet it could. A Thompson submachine gun could be purchased either by mail order, or from the local hardware or sporting goods store. Trusted Companion for Troops It was, also, in the mid ‘20s that the Thompson submachine gun was adopted for service by an Dillinger’s Choice offi cial military branch of the government. The U.S. Coast Guard issued Thompsons to patrol While Auto-Ordnance was selling the Thompson submachine gun in the open market in the ‘20s, boats along the eastern seaboard. -
Model 1897 Winchester a Complete Index to All Back Issues Article and Model 1897 Photos Dispatch Home by David V
Official State Historical Center of the Texas Rangers law enforcement agency. The Following Article was Originally Published in the Texas Ranger Dispatch Magazine The Texas Ranger Dispatch was published by the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum from 2000 to 2011. It has been superseded by this online archive of Texas Ranger history. Managing Editors Robert Nieman 2000-2009; (b.1947-d.2009) Byron A. Johnson 2009-2011 Publisher & Website Administrator Byron A. Johnson 2000-2011 Director, Texas Ranger Hall of Fame Technical Editor, Layout, and Design Pam S. Baird Funded in part by grants from the Texas Ranger Association Foundation Copyright 2017, Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum, Waco, TX. All rights reserved. Non-profit personal and educational use only; commercial reprinting, redistribution, reposting or charge-for- access is prohibited. For further information contact: Director, Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum, PO Box 2570, Waco TX 76702-2570. TEXAS RANGER DISPATCH Magazine Rangers Today Visitor Info History Research Center Hall of Fame Student Help Family History News Guns of the Texas Rangers: Click Here for The Model 1897 Winchester A Complete Index to All Back Issues Article and Model 1897 Photos Dispatch Home by David V. Stroud Visit our nonprofit Museum Store! Contact the Editor The development of a rapid-fire shotgun soon followed the development of rapid-fire rifles. Inventors such as Browning hoped that lever-action and slide- action (pump) action shotguns would prove as popular as Winchester rifles. Winchester Model 1887 Shotgun Courtesy Frank Ballinger Click Here for Bonnie & Clyde's Hideout In 1887, Winchester developed a lever-action shotgun loosely based on its rifle mechanisms. -
50 CALIBER (12.7MM) HEAVY MACHINE GUN Reliable, Accurate, Effective
M2HB .50 CALIBER (12.7MM) HEAVY MACHINE GUN Reliable, accurate, effective SPECIFICATIONS s General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems produc- Caliber .50 caliber / 12.7mm (NATO) es the .50 Caliber M2 Heavy Barrel (M2HB) machine gun, Weight (complete gun) 84 pounds (38.2 kg) a belt-fed, recoil operated, air-cooled, crew-served weapon Length 65.13 inches (1,654mm) capable of right or left-hand feed. The weapon’s lethality, durability and versatility make it ideal for offensive and Width 9 inches (230mm) defensive operations. Cyclic rate of fire 450-600 rounds per minute Maximum effective The M2 machine gun is one of the world’s most reliable, 2,000 yards (1,830m) range highly accurate and effective weapons. Maximum range 7,400 yards (6,766m) The M2HB fires a variety of NATO .50 Caliber ammuni- 3,050 feet per second Muzzle velocity (M33) (930 meters per second) tion to include: ball, tracer, armor-piercing, incendiary, and Barrel weight 26 pounds (11.79 kg) saboted light armor penetrator. The M2HB will deliver lethal Barrel construction cobalt-chromium alloy liner effects against multiple target types. The maximum effec- tive range of the M2HB is 1,830 meters for area targets and 1,500 meters for point targets. M2HB .50 CALIBER (12.7MM) HEAVY MACHINE GUN KEY FEATURES - Sustained automatic or single-shot firing - Durable, rugged design - Fires from the closed bolt for single-shot accuracy - Replaceable heavy barrel assembly - Simple design for ease of maintenance - Adjustable headspace and timing - Converts from left-hand to right-hand feed - Barrel life exceeds 10,000 rounds - Variety of mounting applications - Trigger block safety 11399 16th Court North - Suite 200 - St. -
FIREARM SAFETY CERTIFICATE MANUAL for California Firearms Dealers and DOJ Certified Instructors
F S C Firearm Safety Certificate M A N U A L for California Firearms Dealers and DOJ Certified Instructors California Department of Justice Division of Law Enforcement Bureau of Firearms June 2020 FIREARM SAFETY CERTIFICATE MANUAL For California Firearms Dealers and DOJ Certified Instructors TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction. 1 Firearms Dealer Responsibilities The Firearm Safety Certificate Law. .2 Verifying and Recording FSC Information on a DROS. 2 Firearm Safety Certificate Exemptions. 3 Safe Handling Demonstration Affidavits. 6 Firearm Safety Certificate Study Guide. 6 DOJ Certified Instructor Responsibilities The Firearm Safety Certificate Law. .7 Firearm Safety Certificate - Certified Instructor Cards. 7 Administering the FSC Test and Issuing FSCs. 7 Firearm Safety Certificate Fees. 7 The Firearm Safety Certificate Test Format. 7 Firearm Safety Certificate Test Guidelines. 8 Scoring the Firearm Safety Certificate Test. .8 Firearm Safety Certificate Issuance. 9 Firearm Safety Certificate Card Replacement. 9 Firearm Safety Certificate Record Keeping. 9 FSC Test Disqualification and Specific Acts of Collusion. 10 Safe Handling Demonstrations. 10 APPENDIX I Safe Handling Demonstration Steps (Conventional Firearms). 12 Semiautomatic Pistol. 12 Double-Action Revolver. 15 Single-Action Revolver. 17 Pump Action Long Gun. 19 Break-Top Long Gun. 20 Bolt Action Long Gun. 21 Lever Action Long Gun. 22 Semiautomatic Long Gun With a Detachable Magazine. 23 Semiautomatic Long Gun With a Fixed Magazine. 24 Safe Handling Demonstration Steps (Alternative Designs). 25 Semiautomatic Pistol With a Non-Locking Slide. 25 Semiautomatic Pistol With a Fixed Magazine. 26 Semiautomatic Pistol With a Magazine Operated Toggle Lock. 26 Semiautomatic Pistol With a Top-Feeding Magazine. 27 Semiautomatic Pistol With a Tip-Up Barrel. -
Ar15 Semi—Automatic Instruction/ Safety Manual Caution
AR15 SEMI—AUTOMATIC INSTRUCTION/ SAFETY MANUAL CAUTION: USE ONLY CLEAN, DRY, ORIGINAL, HIGH QUALITY COMMERCIALLY MANUFACTURED AMMUNITION IN GOOD CONDITON which is appropriate to the caliber of your firearm. We do not recommend the use of remanufactured or hand loaded ammunition because it may cause severe damage to yourself and/ or your rifle. Page 1 SECTION 1 PRECAUTIONS READ AND UNDERSTAND ALL THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS BEFORE REMOVING THIS FIREARM FROM ITS PACKAGE. ! WARNING: IF THIS FIREARM IS CARELESSLY OR IMPROPERLY HANDLED, UNINTENTIONAL DISCHARGE COULD RESULT AND COULD CAUSE INJURY, DEATH, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY. CAUTION: PRIOR TO LOADING AND FIRING, CAREFULLY READ THIS INSTRUCTION MANUAL WHICH GIVES BASIC ADVICE ON THE PROPER HANDLING AND FUNCTIONING OF THIS RADICAL FIREARMS SYSTEM. However, your safety and the safety of others (including your family) depends on your mature compliance with that advice, and your adoption, development and constant employment of safe practices. If unfamiliar with firearms, seek further advice through safe handling courses run by your local gun clubs, NRA approved instructor, or similar qualified organizations. Page 2 NOTICE: Radical Firearms shall not be responsible for injury, death, or damage to property resulting from either intentional or accidental discharge of this firearm, or from its function when used for purposes or subjected to treatment for which it was not designed. Radical Firearms will not honor claims involving this firearm which result from careless or improper handling, unauthorized adjustment or parts replacement, corrosion, neglect, or the use of wrong caliber ammunition, or the use of ammunition other than original high quality commercially manufactured ammunition in good condition, or any combination thereof. -
The History of Firearm Magazines and Magazine Prohibitions
KOPEL 3/17/2015 11:41 AM THE HISTORY OF FIREARM MAGAZINES AND MAGAZINE PROHIBITIONS David B. Kopel* I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the prohibition of firearms magazines has become an important topic of law and policy debate. This article details the history of magazines and of magazine prohibition. The article then applies the historical facts to the methodologies of leading cases that have looked to history to analyze the constitutionality of gun control laws. Because ten rounds is an oft-proposed figure for magazine bans, Part II of the article provides the story of such magazines from the sixteenth century onward. Although some people think that multi- shot guns did not appear until Samuel Colt invented the revolver in the 1830s, multi-shot guns predate Colonel Colt by over two centuries.1 Especially because the Supreme Court’s decision in District of Columbia v. Heller2 considers whether arms are “in common use” and are “typically possessed by law-abiding citizens for lawful purposes,”3 the article also pays attention to whether and when particular guns and their magazines achieved mass-market success in the United States. The first time a rifle with more than ten rounds of ammunition did so was in 1866,4 and the first time a * Adjunct Professor of Advanced Constitutional Law, Denver University, Sturm College of Law. Research Director, Independence Institute, Denver, Colorado. Associate Policy Analyst, Cato Institute, Washington, D.C. Professor Kopel is the author of fifteen books and over ninety scholarly journal articles, including the first law school textbook on the Second Amendment. -
Protective Force Firearms Qualification Courses
PROTECTIVE FORCE FIREARMS QUALIFICATION COURSES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office of Health, Safety and Security AVAILABLE ONLINE AT: INITIATED BY: http://www.hss.energy.gov Office of Health, Safety and Security Protective Force Firearms Qualification Courses July 2011 i TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION A – APPROVED FIREARMS QUALIFICATION COURSES .......................... I-1 CHAPTER I . INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... I-1 1. Scope .................................................................................................................. I-1 2. Content ............................................................................................................... I-1 CHAPTER II . DOE FIREARMS QUALIFICATION COURSE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ................................................................................ II-1 1. Purpose ..............................................................................................................II-1 2. Scope .................................................................................................................II-1 3. Process ..............................................................................................................II-1 4. Roles .................................................................................................................II-2 CHAPTER III . GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR FIREARMS QUALIFICATION COURSES.............................................................................III-1 CHAPTER IV