DOCSLIB.ORG

Some New Complexity Results for Composite Optimization

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Some New Complexity Results for Composite Optimization Some New Complexity Results for Composite Optimization Guanghui (George) Lan Georgia Institue of Technology Symposium on Frontiers in Big Data University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign September 23, 2016 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Data Analysis Background Big-data Era: In 2012, IBM reported that2 :5 quintillion (1018) bytes of data are created everyday. Internet acts as a rich data source, e.g.,2 :9 million emails sent every second, 20 hours video uploaded to Youtube every minute. Better sensor technology. Widespread use of computer simulation. Opportunities: transform raw data into useful knowledge to support decision-making, e.g., in healthcare, national security, energy and transportation etc. beamer-tu-logo 2 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Optimization for data analysis Machine Learning m Given a set of observed data S = f(ui ; vi )gi=1, drawn from a certain unknown distribution D on U × V . Goal: to describe the relation between ui and vi ’s for prediction. Applications: predicting strokes and seizures, identifying heart failure, stopping credit card fraud, predicting machine failure, identifying spam, ...... Classic models: 2 Lasso regression: minx E[(hx; ui − v) ] + ρkxk1. 2 Support vector machine: min Eu;v [maxf0; vhx; ui] + ρkxk2. 2 Deep learning: minx Eu;v (F(u; x) − v) + ρkUxk1 beamer-tu-logo 3 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Optimization for data analysis Inverse Problems Given external observations b of a hidden black-box system, to recover the unknown parameters x of the system. The relation between b and x, e.g., Ax = b, is typically given. However, the system is underdetermined, and b is noisy. Applications: medical imaging, locations of oil and mineral deposits, cracks and interfaces within materials. Classic models: 2 Total variation minimization: minx kAx − bk + λTV(x). 2 Compressed sensing: minx kAx − bk + λkxk1. 2 P Matrix completion: minx kAx − bk + λ i σi (x). beamer-tu-logo 4 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Composite optimization problems We consider composite problems which can be modeled as ∗ Ψ = minx2X fΨ(x) := f (x) + h(x)g : Here, f : X ! R is a smooth and expensive term (data fitting), h : X ! R is a nonsmooth regularization term (solution structures), and X is a closed convex set. Much of my previous research f given as an expectation or finite-sum. f is possibly nonconvex and stochastic. e.g., mirror descent stochastic approximation (Nemirovski, Juditsky, Lan and Shapiro 07), accelerated stochastic approximation (Lan 08); Nonconvex stochastic gradient descent (Ghadimi and Lan 12) beamer-tu-logo 5 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Complexity for composite optimization ∗ Problem: Ψ := minx2X fΨ(x) := f (x) + h(x)g. Focus of this talk: h is not necessarily simple More solution structural properties, e.g., total variation, group sparsity, and graph-based regularization ... Extension: X is not necessarily simple. First-order methods: iterative methods which operate with the gradients (subgradients) of f and h. Complexity: number of iterations to find an -solution, i.e., a point x¯ 2 X s.t. Ψ(x¯) − Ψ∗ ≤ . Easy case: h simple, X simple P (y) := argmin ky − xk2 + h(x) is easy to compute (e.g., X;h x2X p beamer-tu-logo compressed sensing). Complexity: O(1= ) (Nesterov 07). 6 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Complexity for composite optimization ∗ Problem: Ψ := minx2X fΨ(x) := f (x) + h(x)g. Focus of this talk: h is not necessarily simple More solution structural properties, e.g., total variation, group sparsity, and graph-based regularization ... Extension: X is not necessarily simple. First-order methods: iterative methods which operate with the gradients (subgradients) of f and h. Complexity: number of iterations to find an -solution, i.e., a point x¯ 2 X s.t. Ψ(x¯) − Ψ∗ ≤ . Easy case: h simple, X simple P (y) := argmin ky − xk2 + h(x) is easy to compute (e.g., X;h x2X p beamer-tu-logo compressed sensing). Complexity: O(1= ) (Nesterov 07). 6 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary More difficult cases h general, X simple 2 h is a general nonsmooth function; PX := argminx2X ky − xk is easy to compute. Complexity: O(1/2). h structured, X simple h is structured, e.g., h(x) = maxy2Y hAx; yi; PX is easy to compute. Complexity: O(1/). h simple, X complicated LX;h(y) := argminx2X hy; xi + h(x) is easy to compute (e.g., matrix completion).Complexity: O(1/). beamer-tu-logo 7 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary More difficult cases h general, X simple 2 h is a general nonsmooth function; PX := argminx2X ky − xk is easy to compute. Complexity: O(1/2). h structured, X simple h is structured, e.g., h(x) = maxy2Y hAx; yi; PX is easy to compute. Complexity: O(1/). h simple, X complicated LX;h(y) := argminx2X hy; xi + h(x) is easy to compute (e.g., matrix completion).Complexity: O(1/). beamer-tu-logo 7 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary More difficult cases h general, X simple 2 h is a general nonsmooth function; PX := argminx2X ky − xk is easy to compute. Complexity: O(1/2). h structured, X simple h is structured, e.g., h(x) = maxy2Y hAx; yi; PX is easy to compute. Complexity: O(1/). h simple, X complicated LX;h(y) := argminx2X hy; xi + h(x) is easy to compute (e.g., matrix completion).Complexity: O(1/). beamer-tu-logo 7 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Motivation p h simple, X simple O(1= ) 100 h general, X simple O(1/2) 108 h structured, X simple O(1/) 104 h simple, X complicated O(1/) 104 More general h or more complicated X + Slow convergence of first-order algorithms + A large number of gradient evaluations of rf beamer-tu-logo 8 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Motivation p h simple, X simple O(1= ) 100 h general, X simple O(1/2) 108 h structured, X simple O(1/) 104 h simple, X complicated O(1/) 104 More general h or more complicated X + Slow convergence of first-order algorithms +× ? A large number of gradient evaluations of rf Question: Can we skip the computation of rf ? beamer-tu-logo 8 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Our approach: gradient sliding algorithms Gradient sliding: h general, X simple (Lan). Accelerated gradient sliding: h structured, X simple (with Yuyuan Ouyang). Conditional gradient sliding: h simple, X complicated (with Yi Zhou). beamer-tu-logo 9 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Nonsmooth composite problems ∗ Ψ = minx2X fΨ(x) := f (x) + h(x)g : f is smooth, i.e., 9L > 0 s.t. 8x; y 2 X, krf (y) − rf (x)k ≤ Lky − xk. h is nonsmooth, i.e., 9M > 0 s.t. 8x; y 2 X, jh(x) − h(y)j ≤ Mky − xk. PX is simple to compute. Question How many number of gradient evaluations of rf and subgradient evaluations of h0 are needed to find an -solution? beamer-tu-logo 10 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Existing Algorithms Best-known complexity given by accelerated stochastic approximation (Lan, 12): q L M2 O + 2 Issue: Whenever the second term dominates, the number of gradient evaluations rf is given by O(1/2). The computation of rf , however, is often the bottleneck. The computation of rf invovles a large data set, while that of h0 only involves a very sparse matrix. Can we reduce the number of gradient evaluations for rf p from O(1/2) to O(1= ), while still maintaining the beamer-tu-logo optimal O(1/2) bound on subgradient evaluations for h0? 11 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Review of proximal gradient methods The model function Suppose h is relatively simple, e.g., h(x) = kxk1. For a given x 2 X, let mΨ(x; u) := lf (x; u) + h(u); 8u 2 X; lf (x; y) := f (x) + hrf (x); y − xi: Clearly, by the convexity of f , L 2 mΨ(x; u) ≤ Ψ(u) ≤ mΨ(x; u) + 2 ku − xk ; 8u 2 X: for any u 2 X Bregman Distance Let ! be a strongly convex function with modulus ν and define the Bregman distance V (x; u) = !(u) − !(x) − hr!(x); u − xi. L mΨ(x; u) ≤ Ψ(u) ≤ mΨ(x; u) + ν V (x; u); 8u 2 X: beamer-tu-logo 12 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary Review of proximal gradient descent mΨ(x; u) = lf (x; u) + h(u) is a good approximation of Ψ(u) when u is “close” enough to x. Proximal gradient iterations xk = argminu2X flf (xk−1; u) + h(u) + βk V (xk−1; u)g : Iteration complexity: O(1/). Accelerated gradient iterations xk =( 1 − γk )x¯k−1 + γk xk−1; xk = argminu2X fΦk (u) := lf (xk ; u) + h(u) + βk V (xk−1; u)g ; x¯ =( 1 − γ )x¯ + γ x : k k k−1 kpk Iteration complexity: O(1= ). beamer-tu-logo 13 / 41 Background Gradient Sliding Accelerated gradient sliding Numerical experiments Summary How about a general nonsmooth h? Old approach: linearizing h (Lan 08, 12) q ∗ 2 ∗ LV (x0;x ) M V (x0;x ) Iteration Complexity: O + 2 . New approach: gradient sliding Key idea: keep h in the subproblem, and apply an iterative method to solve the subproblem.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HSK Level 3 Chinese Vocabulary List
    HSK Level 3 Chinese Vocabulary List http://www.StudyHSK.com http://www.StudyHSK.com * Character Pinyin English 1 1 阿姨 āyí maternal aunt 2 2 啊 a interjection of surprise 3 3 矮 ǎi low 4 5 爱好 àihào to like 5 6 安静 ānjìng quiet 6 8 把 bǎ to hold/handle 7 14 搬 bān to move (i.e. relocate oneself) 8 13 班 bān surname Ban/team 9 15 半 bàn half 10 16 办法 bànfǎ means 11 17 办公室 bàngōngshì office 12 18 帮忙 bāngmáng to help 13 20 包 bāo surname Bao/to cover 14 21 饱 bǎo to eat till full 15 24 北方 běifāng north 16 26 被 bèi quilt 17 28 鼻子 bízi nose 18 30 比较 bǐjiào to compare 19 31 比赛 bǐsài competition (sports etc) 20 32 必须 bìxū to have to http://www.StudyHSK.com * Character Pinyin English 21 33 变化 biànhuà change 22 34 表示 biǎoshì to express 23 35 表演 biǎoyǎn play 24 37 别人 biéren other people 25 38 宾馆 bīnguǎn guesthouse 26 39 冰箱 bīngxiāng icebox 27 42 才 cái ability/a moment ago 28 44 菜单 càidān menu 29 45 参加 cānjiā to participate 30 46 草 cǎo grass 31 47 层 céng layer 32 49 差 chà difference/to differ from/to send/uneven 33 52 超市 chāoshì supermarket (abbr.) 34 53 衬衫 chènshān shirt 35 54 成绩 chéngjì achievement 36 55 城市 chéngshì city 37 57 迟到 chídào to arrive late 38 59 出现 chūxiàn to appear 39 62 除了 chúle besides 40 61 厨房 chúfáng kitchen http://www.StudyHSK.com * Character Pinyin English 41 65 春 chūn surname Chun/spring (time) 42 66 词语 cíyǔ word 43 68 聪明 cōngming acute (of sight and hearing) 44 73 打扫 dǎsǎo to clean 45 74 打算 dǎsuàn to plan 46 77 带 dài band 47 78 担心 dānxīn anxious 48 79 蛋糕 dàngāo cake 49 81 当然 dāngrán only natural 50 83 地 de -ly/earth 51 86 灯 dēng lamp
    [Show full text]
  • Narrative Inquiry Into Chinese International Doctoral Students
    Volume 16, 2021 NARRATIVE INQUIRY INTO CHINESE INTERNATIONAL DOCTORAL STUDENTS’ JOURNEY: A STRENGTH-BASED PERSPECTIVE Shihua Brazill Montana State University, Bozeman, [email protected] MT, USA ABSTRACT Aim/Purpose This narrative inquiry study uses a strength-based approach to study the cross- cultural socialization journey of Chinese international doctoral students at a U.S. Land Grant university. Historically, we thought of socialization as an institu- tional or group-defined process, but “journey” taps into a rich narrative tradi- tion about individuals, how they relate to others, and the identities that they carry and develop. Background To date, research has employed a deficit perspective to study how Chinese stu- dents must adapt to their new environment. Instead, my original contribution is using narrative inquiry study to explore cross-cultural socialization and mentor- ing practices that are consonant with the cultural capital that Chinese interna- tional doctoral students bring with them. Methodology This qualitative research uses narrative inquiry to capture and understand the experiences of three Chinese international doctoral students at a Land Grant in- stitute in the U.S. Contribution This study will be especially important for administrators and faculty striving to create more diverse, supportive, and inclusive academic environments to en- hance Chinese international doctoral students’ experiences in the U.S. Moreo- ver, this study fills a gap in existing research by using a strength-based lens to provide valuable practical insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymak- ers to support the unique cross-cultural socialization of Chinese international doctoral students. Findings Using multiple conversational interviews, artifacts, and vignettes, the study sought to understand the doctoral experience of Chinese international students’ experience at an American Land Grant University.
    [Show full text]
  • Negotiation Philosophy in Chinese Characters
    6 Ancient Wisdom for the Modern Negotiator: What Chinese Characters Have to Offer Negotiation Pedagogy Andrew Wei-Min Lee* Editors’ Note: In a project that from its inception has been devoted to second generation updates, it is instructive nonetheless to realize how much we have to learn from the past. We believe Lee’s chapter on Chinese characters and their implications for negotiation is groundbreaking. With luck, it will prove to be a harbinger of a whole variety of new ways of looking at our field that will emerge from our next round of discussion. Introduction To the non-Chinese speaker, Chinese characters can look like a cha- otic mess of dots, lines and circles. It is said that Chinese is the most difficult language in the world to learn, and since there is no alpha- bet, the struggling student has no choice but to learn every single Chinese character by sheer force of memory – and there are tens of thousands! I suggest a different perspective. While Chinese is perhaps not the easiest language to learn, there is a very definite logic and sys- tem to the formation of Chinese characters. Some of these characters date back almost eight thousand years – and embedded in their make-up is an extraordinary amount of cultural history and wisdom. * Andrew Wei-Min Lee is founder and president of the Leading Negotiation Institute, whose mission is to promote negotiation pedagogy in China. He also teaches negotiation at Peking University Law School. His email address is an- [email protected]. This article draws primarily upon the work of Feng Ying Yu, who has spent over three hundred hours poring over ancient Chinese texts to analyze and decipher the make-up of modern Chinese characters.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive Review on Recent Methods and Challenges of Video Description
    A Comprehensive Review on Recent Methods and Challenges of Video Description ALOK SINGH, THOUDAM DOREN SINGH, and SIVAJI BANDYOPADHYAY, Centre for Natural Lan- guage Processing (CNLP) and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, India Video description involves the generation of the natural language description of actions, events, and objects in the video. There are various applications of video description by filling the gap between languages and vision for visually impaired people, generating automatic title suggestion based on content, browsing of the video based on the content and video-guided machine translation [86] etc. In the past decade, several works had been done in this field in terms of approaches/methods for video description, evaluation metrics, and datasets. For analyzing the progress in the video description task, a comprehensive survey is needed that covers all the phases of video description approaches with a special focus on recent deep learning approaches. In this work, we report a comprehensive survey on the phases of video description approaches, the dataset for video description, evaluation metrics, open competitions for motivating the research on the video description, open challenges in this field, and future research directions. In this survey, we cover the state-of-the-art approaches proposed for each and every dataset with their pros and cons. For the growth of this research domain, the availability of numerous benchmark dataset is a basic need. Further, we categorize all the dataset into two classes: open domain dataset and domain-specific dataset. A brief discussion of the pros and cons of automatic evaluation metrics and human evaluationis also done in this survey.
    [Show full text]
  • Reprint a Journal of © Wiley-VCH Verlag Gmbh & Co
    Reprint A Journal of © Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim www.chemcatchem.org DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901084 Full Papers 1 2 3 Facile Synthesis of Fe/N/S-Doped Carbon Tubes as High- 4 Performance Cathode and Anode for Microbial Fuel Cells 5 6 Wei Yang,*[a] Jun Li,*[b] Linghan Lan,[b] Zhuo Li,[b] Wenli Wei,[c, d] Jia En Lu,[c] and 7 [c] 8 Shaowei Chen* 9 10 11 As arenewable energy technology, microbial fuel cell (MFC) has ahalf-wave potential of +0.81 Vvs. RHE and an electron 12 been attracting increasing attention in recent decades. How- transfer number of 3.98 at +0.6 Vvs. RHE. The Fe/N/S-doped 13 ever, practical applications of MFCs has been hampered by the carbon tubes also exhibited aremarkable performance as an 14 unsatisfactory electrode performance, in particular, at the MFC anode by facilitating bacterial growth and electron transfer 15 cathode. Herein, Fe/N/S-doped carbon hollow tubes were between the biofilm and electrode. In fact, an MFC based on 16 prepared by afacile two-stage procedure involving hydro- the carbon tubes as both cathode and anode showed a 17 thermal treatment and pyrolysis at controlled temperatures. markedly higher performance (maximum power density 18 Electrochemical studies showed that the obtained samples 479 WmÀ3)than the control MFC based on agraphene aerogel 19 exhibited an apparent electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen anode and Pt/C cathode (359 WmÀ3). These results suggest that 20 reduction reaction in both alkaline and acidic media, aperform- Fe/N/S-doped carbon composites can be used for the fabrica- 21 ance comparable to that of commercial Pt/C, and the sample tion of high-efficiency MFC electrodes.
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Life for the Common People of China, 1850 to 1950
    Daily Life for the Common People of China, 1850 to 1950 Ronald Suleski - 978-90-04-36103-4 Downloaded from Brill.com04/05/2019 09:12:12AM via free access China Studies published for the institute for chinese studies, university of oxford Edited by Micah Muscolino (University of Oxford) volume 39 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/chs Ronald Suleski - 978-90-04-36103-4 Downloaded from Brill.com04/05/2019 09:12:12AM via free access Ronald Suleski - 978-90-04-36103-4 Downloaded from Brill.com04/05/2019 09:12:12AM via free access Ronald Suleski - 978-90-04-36103-4 Downloaded from Brill.com04/05/2019 09:12:12AM via free access Daily Life for the Common People of China, 1850 to 1950 Understanding Chaoben Culture By Ronald Suleski leiden | boston Ronald Suleski - 978-90-04-36103-4 Downloaded from Brill.com04/05/2019 09:12:12AM via free access This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. Cover Image: Chaoben Covers. Photo by author. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Suleski, Ronald Stanley, author. Title: Daily life for the common people of China, 1850 to 1950 : understanding Chaoben culture / By Ronald Suleski.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    On the Periphery of a Great “Empire”: Secondary Formation of States and Their Material Basis in the Shandong Peninsula during the Late Bronze Age, ca. 1000-500 B.C.E Minna Wu Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMIBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 @2013 Minna Wu All rights reserved ABSTRACT On the Periphery of a Great “Empire”: Secondary Formation of States and Their Material Basis in the Shandong Peninsula during the Late Bronze-Age, ca. 1000-500 B.C.E. Minna Wu The Shandong region has been of considerable interest to the study of ancient China due to its location in the eastern periphery of the central culture. For the Western Zhou state, Shandong was the “Far East” and it was a vast region of diverse landscape and complex cultural traditions during the Late Bronze-Age (1000-500 BCE). In this research, the developmental trajectories of three different types of secondary states are examined. The first type is the regional states established by the Zhou court; the second type is the indigenous Non-Zhou states with Dong Yi origins; the third type is the states that may have been formerly Shang polities and accepted Zhou rule after the Zhou conquest of Shang. On the one hand, this dissertation examines the dynamic social and cultural process in the eastern periphery in relation to the expansion and colonization of the Western Zhou state; on the other hand, it emphasizes the agency of the periphery during the formation of secondary states by examining how the polities in the periphery responded to the advances of the Western Zhou state and how local traditions impacted the composition of the local material assemblage which lay the foundation for the future prosperity of the regional culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Tech4eva Tokyo Roadshow
    TECH4EVA ROADSHOW T HE CONNECTION TO TOKYO MAY 18 / 20 2021 The first Swiss program in the field of FemTech p. 02 The FemTech sector p. 03 Program p. 04 Tokyo Roadshow Selected Growth-stage start-ups pp. 11 Selected Projects and Early-stage start-ups pp. 15 pp. 19 Our partners www.tech4eva.ch The FemTech sector Releasing the power and well-being of half the planet’s population FemTech on the rise With the rapid rise and early successes of start-ups dedicated to women’s health, FemTech is becoming a hot topic and a promising asset class for investors. In 2019, the global FemTech market generated $ 820.6 million, with a market value estimated to be worth $ 50 billion by 2025 (Frost & Sullivan) Tech4Eva, the first FemTech accelerator in Switzerland, is a joint endeavour between the leading technology park in Switzerland, EPFL Innovation Park and health insurer Groupe Mutuel. Ferring Pharmaceuticals is also a key corporate sponsor of the program. 2 The program Tech4Eva Accelerator Program The program has the ambition to accelerate the growth of promising Femtech start-ups, and to create an innovation platform in Switzerland, where disruptive start-ups and projects from around the globe can meet and develop innovative solutions for improving or advancing technologies Lan Zuo Gillet relating to women’s health. It also aims EPFL Innovation Park to create a global FemTech community by connecting all stakeholders in different markets active in the sector. The first cohort of the program received over 110 early and growth stage start-ups applications from around the globe - 34 of those are Swiss-based - 70 of which are led by Nicolas Loeillot women founders.
    [Show full text]
  • Representing Talented Women in Eighteenth-Century Chinese Painting: Thirteen Female Disciples Seeking Instruction at the Lake Pavilion
    REPRESENTING TALENTED WOMEN IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINESE PAINTING: THIRTEEN FEMALE DISCIPLES SEEKING INSTRUCTION AT THE LAKE PAVILION By Copyright 2016 Janet C. Chen Submitted to the graduate degree program in Art History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Marsha Haufler ________________________________ Amy McNair ________________________________ Sherry Fowler ________________________________ Jungsil Jenny Lee ________________________________ Keith McMahon Date Defended: May 13, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Janet C. Chen certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: REPRESENTING TALENTED WOMEN IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINESE PAINTING: THIRTEEN FEMALE DISCIPLES SEEKING INSTRUCTION AT THE LAKE PAVILION ________________________________ Chairperson Marsha Haufler Date approved: May 13, 2016 ii Abstract As the first comprehensive art-historical study of the Qing poet Yuan Mei (1716–97) and the female intellectuals in his circle, this dissertation examines the depictions of these women in an eighteenth-century handscroll, Thirteen Female Disciples Seeking Instructions at the Lake Pavilion, related paintings, and the accompanying inscriptions. Created when an increasing number of women turned to the scholarly arts, in particular painting and poetry, these paintings documented the more receptive attitude of literati toward talented women and their support in the social and artistic lives of female intellectuals. These pictures show the women cultivating themselves through literati activities and poetic meditation in nature or gardens, common tropes in portraits of male scholars. The predominantly male patrons, painters, and colophon authors all took part in the formation of the women’s public identities as poets and artists; the first two determined the visual representations, and the third, through writings, confirmed and elaborated on the designated identities.
    [Show full text]
  • Yi Ouyang Phone: 734-846-4782  E-Mail: [email protected]
    Yi Ouyang Phone: 734-846-4782 E-mail: [email protected] RESEARCH INTERESTS Cyber-physical systems Communication systems, queuing networks, networked control systems, autonomous vehicles, transportation systems, Internet of things. Dynamic decision-making Reinforcement learning, multi-armed bandits, dynamic scheduling, stochastic control, decentralized control, team theory. Game theory Dynamic stochastic games, mechanism design, electronic commerce. EDUCATION University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Aug. 2010 to Dec. 2015 Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering: Systems Dissertation: On the interaction of information and decisions in dynamic networked systems Advisor: Prof. Demosthenis Teneketzis M.S. in Electrical Engineering: Systems National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Sep. 2005 to June 2009 B.S. in Electrical Engineering B.S. in Mathematics EXPERIENCE University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Jan. 2016 to present Postdoctoral Researcher Supervisors: Prof. Rahul Jain and Prof. Ashutosh Nayyar • Developed learning and optimization methods for stochastic dynamic systems. • Designed optimal decentralized controllers for systems connected with unreliable communication. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Aug. 2011 to Dec. 2015 Graduate Student Research Assistant Supervisor: Prof. Demosthenis Teneketzis • Developed and implemented adaptive sensing algorithms. • Developed optimal routing algorithms for decentralized queueing systems. • Designed efficient multiple access protocols for wireless communication. • Analyzed strategic behaviors using a dynamic game framework. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Sep. 2006 to June 2008 Research Assistant Supervisor: Prof. Jiun-Ming Chen • Parallelized the General Number Field Sieve (GNFS) algorithm to factor modulus in RSA cryptosystem. AWARDS Engineering Graduate Symposium Technical Session Award, University of Michigan, 2012. Departmental Fellowship, EECS, University of Michigan, 2010. Government Scholarship to Study Abroad, Ministry of Education, Taiwan, 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Names of Chinese People in Singapore
    101 Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 7.1 (2011): 101-133 DOI: 10.2478/v10016-011-0005-6 Lee Cher Leng Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore ETHNOGRAPHY OF SINGAPORE CHINESE NAMES: RACE, RELIGION, AND REPRESENTATION Abstract Singapore Chinese is part of the Chinese Diaspora.This research shows how Singapore Chinese names reflect the Chinese naming tradition of surnames and generation names, as well as Straits Chinese influence. The names also reflect the beliefs and religion of Singapore Chinese. More significantly, a change of identity and representation is reflected in the names of earlier settlers and Singapore Chinese today. This paper aims to show the general naming traditions of Chinese in Singapore as well as a change in ideology and trends due to globalization. Keywords Singapore, Chinese, names, identity, beliefs, globalization. 1. Introduction When parents choose a name for a child, the name necessarily reflects their thoughts and aspirations with regards to the child. These thoughts and aspirations are shaped by the historical, social, cultural or spiritual setting of the time and place they are living in whether or not they are aware of them. Thus, the study of names is an important window through which one could view how these parents prefer their children to be perceived by society at large, according to the identities, roles, values, hierarchies or expectations constructed within a social space. Goodenough explains this culturally driven context of names and naming practices: Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore The Shaw Foundation Building, Block AS7, Level 5 5 Arts Link, Singapore 117570 e-mail: [email protected] 102 Lee Cher Leng Ethnography of Singapore Chinese Names: Race, Religion, and Representation Different naming and address customs necessarily select different things about the self for communication and consequent emphasis.
    [Show full text]
  • A Practical Synthesis of Lrans-Resveratrol
    Indian Journ al or Chcmistry Vol. 418, Novcmber 2002, pp . 239S-2398 Note A practical synthesis of lra ns-resveratro l HO Zhen Lu Shen . Guang Lan Zhuo & Xua n Zhen Ji ang* Department of Chcmistry. Z hejiang University, Yu QU :lI1 Campus, OH Hangzhou, Zhcjiang. 3 10027 , P.R.China Receil'ed II Jalluary 2002; accepfed ( revised) 14 JUlie 2002 1 Thc to tal sy nthcs is of biological ly ac ti vc substance frallS­ 3,5-Dihyd roxybenzo ic ac id on treatment with al ka­ re svcratro l 1 has bce n dcscri bed wi th modcrate ovcrall y ield (3S.7 %). Starti ng frolll 3,S-d ihydroxybenzoic ac id, 3,S­ lin e dimeth yl sul fa te afforded meth yl 3,5-dimethoxy­ dimcthoxybcnzo nat c mcth y l cster is prcpared. The react ion of the benzoate 2 in good yield in one step. The un es teri fied estcr with hydrnine hydrate fol lowcd by oxidation with prod uct 3 obtained from thi s reacti on was esteri fied K, fFe(C )61 givcs the key intermediate 3,S-dilllethoxy­ by meth anol to provide more of compo un d 2. Subse­ benzaldehyde, which is condcnsed with diethyl(4-lllct hoxy­ benzy l)phosphonate to yield only fralls-3,S,4'-t rilllct hylstilbe ne. quent treatment of th e ester 2 with hydraz in e hydrate T hc sy nthe sis of fralls-rcsvera trol is complcted by the dcprotec­ afforded benzo hydraz ide 4. Oxid ati on of 4 wi th ti on reaction with BBr,ICH2C1 2.
    [Show full text]