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NOTES Preface – Track One Introduction: 'Years of Distant NOTES preface – track one 1 Tim Bale, The Conservatives Since 1945: The Drivers of Party Change (2012), 00:02:04. introduction: ‘Years of Distant Wandering’ – track two 1 00:00:00 2 David Hancock, Citizens of the World: London Merchants and the Integration of the British Atlantic Community, 1735–1785 (1997), 00:03:21. 3 Anna Maria Falconbridge, Narratives of Two Voyages to the River Sierra Leone during the years 1791-1792-1793 (1794), 00:09:43. 4 Hancock, Citizens of the World, 00:13:29. 5 Falconbridge, Narratives of Two Voyages. 00:13:50 6 Among the first to work on Bunce Island was Dr M. C. F. Easmon in the 1940s. From the 1970s onwards the American archaeologist Joseph Opala became heavily involved in research into the island and its place in the Atlantic slave trade. It was Opala who made the links between Bunce Island and the Gullah people of South Carolina and Georgia. More recent work has been carried out by the American archaeologist Christopher DeCorse. 00:17:04 7 See Edward Ball, Slaves in the Family (1998). 00:18:03 8 Gretchen Gerzina, Black London: Life before Emancipation (1995), 00:26:25. 9 Geoffrey Littlejohns, Independent, 7 August 1995, quoted in Sukhdev Sandhu, London Calling: How Black and Asian Writers Imagined a City (2004), 00:26:41. 10 The date for this speech is often given as 1964. Most sources however report that it was delivered on 23 April 1961. 00:27:05 11 Ben Jackson and Robert Saunders, Making Thatcher’s Britain (2012), 00:29:31. 12 Quoted in Simon Heffer,Like the Roman: The Life of Enoch Powell (2014), 00:29:43. BlackAndBritish_Audio_519PP.indd 551 01/11/2016 15:21 Notes 13 Jackson and Saunders, Making Thatcher’s Britain, 00:30:38. 14 Heffer, Like the Roman, 00:31:46. 15 Ceri Peach, The Caribbean in Europe: Contrasting Patterns of Migration ond Settlement in Britain, France and The Netherlands, Research Paper in Ethnic Relations No. 15, October 1991. 00:35:36 16 See Paul Gilroy, Postcolonial Melancholia (2004). 00:37:34 17 Randall Hansen, Citizenship and Immigration in Postwar Britain (2000), 00:39:16. 18 Satnam Virdee, Racism, Class and the Racialized Outsider (2014), 00:39:50. 19 Stuart Hall, ‘Black Chronicles II’ (2008), http://autograph-abp.co.uk/ exhibitions/black-chronicles-ii 00:41:50 20 Kim F. Hall, Things of Darkness: Economies of Race and Gender in Early Modern England (1995), 00:45:35 21 See Karen C. C. Dalton, ‘Art for the Sake of Dynasty: The Black Emperor in the Drake Jewel and Elizabethan Imperial Imagery’, in Peter Erickson, Clark Hulse, Early Modern Visual Culture: Representation, Race, and Empire in Renaissance England (2000). 00:46:45 22 Quoted in Edith Hall, Richard Alston, Justine McConnell, Ancient Slavery and Abolition: From Hobbes to Hollywood (2011), 00:54:05 23 The details were supplied by the men; the navy made no attempt to check them. For example, in the Victory, the seaman George Ryan is listed as born in Africa, but he is recorded as being born in Monserrat in the Jalouse’s muster books in 1809. 00:55:07 24 K. G. Davies, The Royal African Company (1957), 00:55:07 25 See David M. Levy, How the Dismal Science Got Its Name: Classical Economics and the Ur-Text of Racial Politics (2002). 01:07:49 one: ‘Sons of Ham’ – track three 1 Thanks to Dr Richard Benjamin for his guidance on the evidence of the African presence in Cumbria. 00:01:37 2 Hella Eckardt, Objects and Identities: Roman Britain and the North-western Provinces (2014), 00:03:23 3 Peter Fryer, Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain (1984), 00:04:12 4 See York Herald, 15 August 1901; and An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in City of York, volume 1, Eburacum, Roman York. Originally published by Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1962. 00:07:16. 5 Eckardt, Objects and Identities, 00:08:56. 6 Edith Bruder, The Black Jews of Africa: History, Religion, Identity (2008), 00:12:48. 7 Bruder, Black Jews of Africa, 00:15:02. 8 J. Burton and A. Loomba, Race in Early Modern England: A Documentary Companion (2007), 00:16:08. 9 Burton and Loomba, Race in Early Modern England, 00:17:14. 10 Iain Macleod Higgins, Writing East: The ‘Travels’ of Sir John Mandeville (1997), 00:18:57. BlackAndBritish_Audio_519PP.indd 552 01/11/2016 15:21 Notes 11 Quoted in Kofi Omoniyi Sylvanus Campbell,Literature and Culture in the Black Atlantic: From Pre- to Postcolonial (2006), 00:20:31. 12 Sarah Arrowsmith, Mappa Mundi: Hereford’s Curious Map (2015), 00:24:30. 13 Jean Delumeau (trans. Matthew O’Connell), History of Paradise: The Garden of Eden in Myth and Tradition (2000), 00:26:18. 14 Michael C. Thomsett, Heresy in the Roman Catholic Church: A History (2011), 00:40:09. 15 Stefan Goodwin, Africa in Europe: Antiquity into the Age of Global Exploration (2008), 00:40:36. 16 Kenneth R. Andrews, Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630 (1984), 00:41:51. 17 Andrews, Trade, Plunder and Settlement, 00:42:16. 18 Hugh Thomas, The Slave Trade: History of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870 (1997), 00:42:43. 19 Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, ‘The second voyage to Guinea set out by Sir George Barne, Sir John Yorke, Thomas Lok, Anthonie Hickman and Edward Castelin, in the yere 1554. The Captaine where of was M. John Lok’. 00:44:07. 20 Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, quoted in Burton and Loomba, Race in Early Modern England, 00:46:59. 21 Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, vol. 4 (1907), 00:48:29. 22 Andrews, Trade, Plunder and Settlement, 00:52:11. 23 David Northrup, in Peter C. Mancall (ed.), The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624 (2007), 00:52:58. 24 Peter Martyr d’Anghiera, The decades of the newe worlde or west India conteynyng the nauigations and conquestes of the Spanyardes, with the particular description of the moste ryche and large landes and ilandes lately founde in the west ocean perteynyng to the inheritaunce of the kinges of Spayne. Wrytten in the Latine tounge by Peter Martyr of Angleria, and translated into Englysshe by Rycharde Eden (1555), 00:53:12. 25 Harry Kelsey, Sir John Hawkins: Queen Elizabeth’s Slave Trader (2003), 01:00:01. 26 See Gustav Ungerer, The Mediterranean Apprenticeship of British Slavery (2008). 01:00:50. 27 Cheryl A. Fury, The Social History of English Seamen, 1485–1649 (2012), 01:02:42. 28 Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, 01:05:33. 29 Michael Guasco, Slaves and Englishmen: Human Bondage in the Early Modern Atlantic World (2014), 01:07:52. 30 Burton and Loomba, Race in Early Modern England, 01:09:44. 31 Jan Nederveen Pieterse, White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture (1992), p. 18; and Richard C. Trexler, The Journey of the Magi: Meanings in History of a Christian Story (2014), 01:12:13. 32 David Bindman, Henry Louis Gates and Karen C. C. Dalton, The Image of BlackAndBritish_Audio_519PP.indd 553 01/11/2016 15:21 Notes the Black in Western Art: From the early Christian Era to the ‘Age of Discovery’: from the demonic threat to the incarnation of sainthood (2010), 01:12:26. 33 Burton and Loomba, Race in Early Modern England, 01:14:02. two: ‘Blackamoors’ – track four 1 The belief that Africans were the descendants of the biblical Ham did not necessarily translate into support for their enslavement. As the historian Robin Blackburn points out, when the English trader Richard Jobson visited West Africa in the 1620s he expressed his confident belief that Africans were the descendants of the disgraced son of Noah, but was adamant in his disdain for the slave trade. See Robin Blackburn, The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800 (1998). 00:01:43. 2 See Imtiaz Habib, Black Lives in the English Archives, 1500–1677: Imprints of the Invisible (2008); and Miranda Kaufmann, Black Tudors (2017). 00:02:09. 3 Guasco, Slaves and Englishmen, p. 103; Habib, Black Lives, 00:02:37. 4 Peter Fryer, Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain (1984), 00:02:48. 5 In November 1513 another boy, again given the name Henry, was to be born to Henry and Catherine. That infant lived for only a few hours and was the third of the six pregnancies of Catherine of Aragon, from which only one child, Mary, would survive. 00:06:03. 6 TNA: E 101/417/2, no. 150. 00:07:34. 7 Miranda Kaufmann, ‘Blanke, John (fl. 1507–1512)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2014. 00:07:48. 8 TNA: E 101/417/6, no. 50. 00:08:01. 9 Kaufmann, ‘Blanke, John’. 00:08:22. 10 Fryer, Staying Power, 00:09:18. 11 Fryer, Staying Power, 00:09:59. 12 Miranda Kaufmann, in David Dabydeen, John Gilmore and Cecily Jones, The Oxford Companion to Black British History (2010), 00:13:14. 13 Burton and Loomba, Race in Early Modern England, 00:14:19. 14 TNA, Tudor Royal Proclamations, vol. 3, 00:15:47. 15 TNA, Tudor Royal Proclamations, vol. 3, 00:16:10. 16 Miranda Kaufmann, ‘Caspar van Senden, Sir Thomas Sherley and the “Blackamoor” Project’, Historical Research, vol. 81, no. 212 (May 2008), 00:16:23. 17 My thanks go to Dr Miranda Kaufmann for her advice on Casper Van Senden.
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