Effects and Transformations Since the Eighteenth Century Kate Fullagar
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The Death of Captain Cook in Theatre 224
The Many Deaths of Captain Cook A Study in Metropolitan Mass Culture, 1780-1810 Ruth Scobie PhD University of York Department of English April 2013 i Ruth Scobie The Many Deaths of Captain Cook Abstract This thesis traces metropolitan representations, between 1780 and 1810, of the violent death of Captain James Cook at Kealakekua Bay in Hawaii. It takes an interdisciplinary approach to these representations, in order to show how the interlinked texts of a nascent commercial culture initiated the creation of a colonial character, identified by Epeli Hau’ofa as the looming “ghost of Captain Cook.” The introduction sets out the circumstances of Cook’s death and existing metropolitan reputation in 1779. It situates the figure of Cook within contemporary mechanisms of ‘celebrity,’ related to notions of mass metropolitan culture. It argues that previous accounts of Cook’s fame have tended to overemphasise the immediacy and unanimity with which the dead Cook was adopted as an imperialist hero; with the result that the role of the scene within colonialist histories can appear inevitable, even natural. In response, I show that a contested mythology around Cook’s death was gradually constructed over the three decades after the incident took place, and was the contingent product of a range of texts, places, events, and individuals. The first section examines responses to the news of Cook’s death in January 1780, focusing on the way that the story was mediated by, first, its status as ‘news,’ created by newspapers; and second, the effects on Londoners of the Gordon riots in June of the same year. -
'Classification' of the Late Eighteenth Century Pacific
Empirical Power, Imperial Science: Science, Empire, and the ‘Classification’ of the Late Eighteenth Century Pacific A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Justin Wyatt Voogel Ó Copyright Justin Wyatt Voogel, September 2017 All Rights Reserved Permission to Use In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other uses of materials in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of History Arts and Science Admin Commons Room 522, Arts Building University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 Canada i Abstract The Pacific of the mid eighteenth century was far removed from what it would become by the first decade of the nineteenth. -
Johann Reinhold I Georg Forsterowie – Osiemnastowieczni Badacze Natury I Podróżnicy
STUDIA HISTORICA GEDANENSIA TOM X (2019) Waldemar Borzestowski (Wydział Historyczny, Uniwersytet Gdański) Johann Reinhold i Georg Forsterowie – osiemnastowieczni badacze natury i podróżnicy Wstęp W 1816 r. kasztelanowa Konstancja Biernacka z Sieradza postanowiła odwiedzić Gdańsk1. Była wizytatorką żeńskich szkół i na potrzeby uczących się tam panien redagowała pedagogiczne pisma. Podczas zwiedzania tarego miasta zaintereso‑ wały ją znajdujące się w Zielonej Bramie eksponaty Towarzystwa Przyrodników2. Wśród nich wyróżniały się egzotyczne artefakty: „[…] wszystko dzieła mieszkań‑ ców Morza Spokojnego, mianowicie Otajczyków, które to osobliwości są darem gdańszczanina, co z Cookiem świat opłynął, a w pamiątkę podróży zbiór swój Ojczyźnie poświęcił”3. Darczyńcą był urodzony w Mokrym Dworze pod Gdańskiem Georg Forster, który owe eksponaty przywiózł z podróży odbytej pod dowództwem legendarnego kapitana Jamesa Cooka4. Ta egzotyczna wyprawa była jednym z wielu przedsię‑ wzięć naukowych i podróżniczych, które wypełniły życie George’a Forstera i jego ojca Johanna Reinholda. Towarzysząca im sława podróżników, badaczy i autorów poczytnych publikacji, w latach osiemdziesiątych XVIII w., w czasach reformy 1 Konstancja z Małachowskich Biernacka (1773–1842), cytaty z jej książki: Podróż z Włodawy do Gdańska powrotem do Nieborowa w roku 1816 opisana w listach Wandy, Eweliny i Leokadii przez Polkę K, z H. Ma. Bcką (Wrocław: Wilhelm Bogumił Korn, 1823). 2 Naturforschende Gesellschaft, jego zbiory stały się podwaliną późniejszego Muzeum Przy‑ rodniczego. Zbiór przedmiotów zgromadzonych przez Forsterów jest prezentowany jako osobna kolekcja w muzeum Sammlung für Völkerkunde w Getyndze. 3 Konstancja z Małachowskich Biernacka, Podróż z Włodawy, 144–145. 4 James Cook (1728–1779), żeglarz angielski, przeprowadził trzy wielkie wyprawy: na „Endea‑ vour” (1768–1771), na „Resolution”/„Adventure” (1772–1775) i na „Resolution”/„Discovery” (1776–1779). -
Re-Membering Quirós, Bougainville and Cook in Vanuatu
Chapter 3 The Sediment of Voyages: Re-membering Quirós, Bougainville and Cook in Vanuatu Margaret Jolly Introduction: An Archipelago of Names This chapter juxtaposes the voyages of Quirós in 1606 and those eighteenth-century explorations of Bougainville and Cook in the archipelago we now call Vanuatu.1 In an early and influential work Johannes Fabian (1983) suggested that, during the period which separates these voyages, European constructions of the ªotherº underwent a profound transformation. How far do the materials of these voyages support such a view? Here I consider the traces of these journeys through the lens of this vaunted transformation and in relation to local sedimentations (and vaporisations) of memory. Vanuatu is the name of this archipelago of islands declared at independence in 1980 ± vanua ªlandº and tu ªto stand up, endure; be independentº (see figure 3.1). Both words are drawn from one of the 110 vernacular languages still spoken in the group. But, alongside this indigenous name, there are many foreign place names, the perduring traces of the movement of early European voyagers: Espiritu Santo ± the contraction of Terra Austrialia del Espiritu Santo, the name given by Quirós in 1606;2 Pentecost ± the Anglicisation of Île de Pentecôte, conferred by Bougainville, who sighted this island on Whitsunday, 22 May 1768; Malakula, Erromango and Tanna ± the contemporary spellings of the Mallicollo, Erromanga and Tanna conferred by Cook who named the archipelago the New Hebrides in 1774, a name which, for foreigners at least, lasted from that date till 1980.3 Fortunately, some of these foreign names proved more ephemeral: the island we now know as Ambae, Bougainville called Île des Lepreux (Isle of Lepers), apparently because he mistook the pandemic skin conditions of tinea imbricata or leucodermia for signs of leprosy. -
Learning and Training Education in Eighteenth-Century Traditional Polynesia
HENRI J.M. CLAESSEN Learning and training Education in eighteenth-century traditional Polynesia Introduction In this article some methods and types of education in traditional Polynesia are presented. The emphasis is on the second half of the eighteenth century. I have selected this period partly because it covers the final years of the Polyne- sian culture before it was deeply influenced by the well-intentioned efforts of missionaries and administrators who tried to eradicate heathen customs and introduce clothing; the introduction of reading and writing; and the negative impact of traders, whalers and colonizers who came to the islands to relax after arduous travels, and to buy cheap goods and food. The other reason for focusing on this period is that many voyagers, missionaries, administra- tors and traders in their logs and journals left us detailed descriptions of the islanders and their cultures as they had seen them and tried to understand them. These publications are considered here as ‘sources’. Two of the con- cepts mentioned so far may need some clarification, namely ‘Polynesia’ and ‘sources’. Polynesia, for the purposes of this article, encompasses all the islands lying in the triangle formed by the Hawaiian Islands, Easter Island and New Zealand. I am aware that Roger Green in 1991 coined the label ‘Remote Oceania’ encompassing Polynesia, Micronesia and the eastern part of Melanesia, thus superseding the traditional tripartite division devised by Dumont d’Urville in 1831 (Ryan 2002) and applied for instance by Kirch and Green (2001) and D’Arcy (2006). For this article, however, the traditional concept of Polynesia is sufficient. -
Three Memoirs of the Forsters – the Polish-Born Participants of Cook’S Second Voyage
KRZYSZTOF KONSTANTY VORBRICH Polish Academy of Sciences Space Research Centre [email protected] THREE MEMOIRS OF THE FORSTERS – THE POLISH-BORN PARTICIPANTS OF COOK’S SECOND VOYAGE The rationale behind this work is to present research on the humanistic heritage of Johann Forster and his son George.1 The Forsters were born near Gdańsk in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (First Commonwealth – “Rzeczpo- spolita”). They were of Scottish ancestry. The Forsters took part in the Second Circumnavigation commanded by James Cook.2 They wrote numerous works, the most important of them in English, based on their experiences on Cook’s Second Expedition. The Forsters made their own particular contributions to the genres of the travelogue and the scholarly treatise. The Forsters did not adhere to any prevailing philosophical or literary tradition. In fact, they invented their own method of literary and scientific expression. 1 Note 1. This study presents edited fragments of: K. K. Vorbrich, Memoirs of the Forsters – the Pol- ish-Born Participants of Cook’s Expedition: The Same Voyage, Worlds Apart, unpublished PhD dissertation, Adam Mickiewicz University (Poznań) 2008. Note 2. The edited fragments of the above mentioned PhD dissertation have been published among other as follows: K. K. Vorbrich, Memoirs of the Forsters – the Polish-Born Participants of Cook’s Expedi- tion: The Same Voyage, Worlds Apart. Excerpts: Biography; Journals..., Observations..., and Voyage...; Essays Reply... and Letter...; Non-narrative Legacy, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Contact, Poznań 2009; K. K. Vorbrich, Memoirs of the Forsters – the Polish-Born Participants of Cook’s Expedition: The Same Voyage, Worlds Apart. Excerpts: Volume Two, History of European Oceanic Exploration Discussed in the Forsters’ Narrative Writings – Selected Issues, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Contact, Poznań 2010. -
The Scientific Significance of Cook's Third Voyage by Dr. Charles H
The Scientific Significance of Cook's Third Voyage by Dr. Charles H. Lamoureux University of Hawaii at Manoa In order to limit this paper to reasonable length, it will be confined to a discussion of the scientific significance of the Hawaiian portion of Cook's third voyage, and the topic will be narrowed still further to empha size only that segment of science called natural history. Cook's first two Pacific voyages produced significant advances in scientific knowledge. In addition to observations on geography, ethno graphy, and astronomy, major collections of plants and aniMals were obtained by trained scientists and collectors. On return to Europe the collections were described and many of the results were published in the scientific literature. On the third voyage a combination of the lack of trained naturalists and the perhaps inevitable confusion accompanying the deaths of the chief naturalist as well as Capt ian Cook and Captain Clerke resulted in very little publication of scientific results. Why the lack of trained naturalists on the third voyage? Unlike the American space exploration program which sent a "real" scientist only on a later trip to the moon, the 18th and 19th century European voyages of exploration generally provided for the inclusion of competent scientists and collectors. On Cook's first voyage the chief naturalist was the 25-year old Joseph Banks, already a prominent botanist, elected a Fellow of the Royal Society at 23, later President of the Royal Society for 42 years (Cameron, 1952). Banks used his own personal funds to support a total party of 10, including 65 66 Dr. -
Publishing Nature in the Age of Revolutions: Joseph Banks, Georg Forster, and the Plants of the Pacific*
The Historical Journal, , (), pp. – © The Author(s), . Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http://creativecom- mons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/./), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is included and the original work is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use. doi:./SX PUBLISHING NATURE IN THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS: JOSEPH BANKS, GEORG FORSTER, AND THE PLANTS OF THE PACIFIC* EDWIN D. ROSE University of Cambridge ABSTRACT. The construction and distribution of books containing large copperplate images was of great importance to practitioners of natural history during the eighteenth century. This article exam- ines the case of the botanist and president of the Royal Society Sir Joseph Banks (–), who attempted to publish a series of images based on the botanical illustrations produced by Georg Forster (–) on Cook’s second voyage of exploration (–) during the s. The analysis reveals how the French Revolution influenced approaches to constructing and distributing works of natural history in Britain, moving beyond commercial studies of book production to show how Banks’s political agenda shaped the taxonomic content and distribution of this publication. Matters were complicated by Forster’s association with radical politics and the revolutionary ideologies attached to materials collected in the Pacific by the s. Banks’s response to the Revolution influenced the distribution of this great work, showing how British loyalist agendas interacted with scientific practice and shaped the diffusion of natural knowledge in the revolutionary age. -
Linnaeus Apostles
CONTENTS THE COMPLETE CATALOGUE sFOUNDEDs THE DISCOVER THE WORLD with the Linnaeus Apostles through this major Cover I-II: Discover The World with The Linnaeus Apostles international series of eight volumes – eleven THE IK FOUND ATION & COMPANY books in all – with the overall title of LINNAEUS ö r 8FMDPNFUPUIFJODSFEJCMF8PSMEPGUIF-JOOBFVT"QPTUMFT THE LINNAEUS APOSTLES An international, independent learned organisation for promoting natural GLOBAL SCIENCE & ADVENTURE. ø r 4DJFOUJGJD"VUIPSTGSPNUIFõüUI$FOUVSZUP.PEFSO5JNFT and cultural history. The IK Foundation’s mission is to promote and stimu- APOSTLES ú r 5IF"SUPG4DIPMBSMZQVCMJTIJOHm5IF-JOOBFBO5SBEJUJPO late a better understanding of history from a variety of perspectives. This is the COMPLETE CATALOGUE of the greatest research and publishing project ever on GLOBAL SCIENCE & ADVENTURE ü r V O For more than two decades IK has worked for a better understanding of the the chosen few who came to be known as the Introduction Linnaeus Apostles. During the th century, the natural and cultural history of our world by means of, among other things, õô r V T field work, research projects, exhibitions and publications. Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus (-) was to inspire seventeen of his pupils to travel Europe, Arctic & Asia As an independent and not-for-profit organisation - with a strong reputa- to distant corners of the world to document local ö r V T tion for excellence, interdisciplinary thinking, in-depth knowledge and nature and culture. They travelled across land Europe, North & South America and sea on their own or as members of expedi- long-term results - IK continues to develop unique international networks tions, covering every continent between the years õù r V F of cooperation and finance in order to fulfil its mission. -
The Botany of the Three Voyages of Captain James Cook in Macaronesia: an Introduction
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289745978 The botany of the three voyages of Captain James Cook in Macaronesia: an introduction Article · December 2015 READS 85 6 authors, including: Maria Cristina Duarte Faculty of Sciences, University … 36 PUBLICATIONS 117 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Maria M. Romeiras University of Lisbon 26 PUBLICATIONS 132 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Javier Francisco-Ortega Retrieved on: 11 May 2016 Rev. Acad. Canar. Cienc., Vol. XXVII, 357-410 (diciembre de 2015) The botany of the three voyages of Captain James Cook in Macaronesia: an introduction Francisco-Ortega 1,2 *, J., Santos-Guerra 3, A., Romeiras 4,5 , M. M. , Carine 6, M. A. , Sánchez-Pinto 7, L. & Duarte 4,8 *, M. C. 1 International Center for Tropical Botany, Latin American and Caribbean Center Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University, University Park, Miami, Florida, U.S.A. 2 Kushlan Tropical Science Institute, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden 10901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, Florida , U.S.A. 3 Calle Guaidil 16, Urbanización Tamarco, Tegueste, Tenerife, Spain 4 Tropical Research Institute (IICT), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Portugal 5 Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Portugal 6 Plants Division, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom 7 Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre, Calle Fuente Morales 2, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain 8 Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO/InBIO), University of Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal * Corresponding authors: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT The British naval captain James Cook (1728-1779) was one of the most important figures in the history of scientific exploration. -
Coleridge╎s Albatross and the Impulse to Seabird Conservation
Kunapipi Volume 29 Issue 2 Article 5 2007 Coleridge’s albatross and the impulse to seabird conservation Graham Barwell Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Barwell, Graham, Coleridge’s albatross and the impulse to seabird conservation, Kunapipi, 29(2), 2007. Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol29/iss2/5 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Coleridge’s albatross and the impulse to seabird conservation Abstract oleridge was a regular companion. Emigrants’ diaries and journals rarely failed to describe one particular landmark experience: the first sighting of the albatross, followed by attempts to kill or capture a specimen, in the style of the Ancient Mariner. ‘Who could doubt their supernatural attributes? Certainly not a spirit-chilled landswoman, with Coleridge’s magic legend perpetually repeating itself to her’, wrote 27-year-old Luisa [sic] Meredith, arriving in Sydney in 1839. (Lyons 13)1 This journal article is available in Kunapipi: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol29/iss2/5 22 GRAHAM Barwell coleridge’s Albatross and the Impulse to Seabird conservation On the long sea journey to Australia, … coleridge was a regular companion. Emigrants’ diaries and journals rarely failed to describe one particular landmark experience: the first sighting of the albatross, followed by attempts to kill or capture a specimen, in the style of the Ancient Mariner. ‘Who could doubt their supernatural attributes? Certainly not a spirit-chilled landswoman, with coleridge’s magic legend perpetually repeating itself to her’, wrote 27-year-old Luisa [sic] Meredith, arriving in Sydney in 1839. -
Pacific Studies
PACIFIC STUDIES Vol. 27, No. 1/2 March/June 2004 CROWD SCENES: PACIFIC COLLECTIVITY AND EUROPEAN ENCOUNTER Vanessa Smith University of Sydney This essay looks at the phenomenon of the Pacific crowd as registered with- in eighteenth-century voyage accounts. The experience of the crowd on the beach-an experience of being overwhelmed-was integral to European en- counters with Pacific islanders. However, the impact of the crowd has been neglected within Pacific scholarsl~ip,which has not accessed the insights of crowd theory within analyses of contact. Concomitantly, crowd theory ignores the peripheral crowd scene. The crowd has been theorized as a predominantly metropolitan phenomenon and historicized in the context of (primarily indus- trial) urbanization. Through close textual analysis of a number of European voy- age texts, particularly Bligh's account of the Bounty voyage, the essay asks what kinds of reading might be produced if we acknowledge the crowd as material force and rhetorical figure within imperial encounter and discourse. Scene I: The Beach Only the mass makes it possible for the sexual object to become intoxicated with the hundred stimuli which it produces. -Walter Benjamin A YEAR BEFORE he departed for the Pacific as botanist on James Cook's second voyage of exploration, Johann Reinhold Forster, with the help of his son George, translated Bougainville's account of his arrival in Hitia'a, Tahiti, in April 1768. Bougainville had described an enthusiastic welcome from the Tahitians that began in harbor: As we came near the shore, the number of islanders surrounding our ships encreased. The periguas were so numerous all about the 2 Pacijic Studies, Vol.