MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION SERVICES AND SUSTAINABILITY OF
RETAIL BUSINESSES IN KANSANGA TRADING CENTRE
BY
KASUMBAKALI UMAR BBA142247/1331DU
A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF
ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
OF THEAWARD OF A BACHELORS DEGREE BUSINESS
ADMINSTRATION (MARKETING)
UCC 3000: RESEARCH REPORT
MAY,2016 DECLARATION
I KASIJMBAKALI UMAR declare that the content of this research paper is our original piece of work and had never been presented to any other institution of higher learning for the award of Bachelors of Business Administration degree.
KASIJMBAKALI TJMAR DEDICATION
I dedicate this research to our dear parents, friends for their financial, spiritual and
moral support. They have been a constant source of inspiration and have given me the drive and discipline to tackle any task with enthusiasm and determination. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I extend my thanks to Mr.Mugume Tom who was my supervisor through the research
period who was more than generous with his expertise and precious time of reflecting,
reading and encouraging throughout the entire process. I also humbly thank Dr
Muzamil Gulebyo who freely shared with me valuable advise and guidance
throughout my research,
Finally, I thank the Almighty God, the Creator and sustainer of life for giving me the
gift of life, health, knowledge and for making this research a success.
III Approval
I certify that the candidate has been under my supervision and the research work presented is original and meets the minimum requirements for the award of a degree in bachelor of business administration, marketing and management.
S ignature,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Date...?~ &
Mr,Mugume Tom
Supervisor
iv ABSTRACT
The purpose of study is to show microfinance institution services on the sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre. The study was guided by the following objectives; to examine the services offered by microfinance institutions to retail businesses in Kansanga Trading centre, to find out the level of sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre, and to find out relationship between microfinance institution services and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre.The hypothesis of the study was “There is no relationship between microfinance institution services and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre. The study used both qualitative and quantitative designs to analyze and present data while inferential statistics was used to determine the relationship between MFIs and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga trading centre in terms of simple correlation or regressions analysis and a self administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Findings revealed that the respondents’ views were always without fail 3 1(30.9%), almost all the time 30 (29.7%), and sometimes 30 (29.7%) implying that most of the retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre have access to credit and have used it to expand and sustain their businesses. Descriptive analysis by use of the mean and the findings showed that level of sustainability were moderate evidenced by the mean of 3 :27.Futher analysis was analyzed by use of correlation and the findings were; there is a relationship between microfinance institution services and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre. This was because the p-value of 0.000 was less than a= 0.01. Therefore the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative accepted. There was a strong positive relationship between microfinance institution services and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre. Due to other results from other areas of study, these included the integrated public policy the value chain members in the industry, a national dialogue on responsible consumption, the corporate culture, related innovations and the licenses to operate.
V Table of Contents DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT 1/ CHAPTER ONE 1.1 Introduction 1 .2Background of the study 1.3Statement of Problem 4 l.4Specific Objectives of the Study 4 1 .SResearch Questions 5 1.6Hypothesis of the study 1.7Scope of the study 1.8Significance of the study 6 1 .9Conceptual Framework 6 2.0 Limitations of the study 7 2.lOperational Definition of Terms 7 CHAPTER TWO 9
2.2LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.3Microfinance Services 9 2.3.lEncouragement of savings 9 2.3.2Provision of sufficient Credit ic 2.3.6Retail Businesses 11 2.3.7Liquidity Management ii 2.3.8Cash flow Management 12 2.3.9Risk management 13 3.OMicrofinance institutions and the sustainability of retail businesses 14 3.1 The relationship between microfinance institutions and the sustainability of retail businesses 15 3.2ldentifled Gap 17 CHAPTER THREE 18 3.3METHODOLOGY is 3.4Research design is 3.5Location of the study 3.6Study Population 19 3.7Sample Size 20
vi 3.8Data collection Techniques .20 3.9Data Collection Instruments 21 4.OSelf-administered Questionnaires 21 4.Ilnterview guide 22 4.2Observation 22 4,4Reliability ofthe Instruments 23 4.5Reliability Statistics 23 4.6Sampling Techniques and Procedure 23 4.7Data Analysis 24 4.8Ethical Considerations 24 CHAPTER FOUR 25 4.9INTRODUCTION 25 Bio-data 25 6.lCorrelations 35 6.2Testing the hypothesis 36 CHAPTER FIVE 39 6.5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 39 Introduction 39 Bio —data 39 Provision of sufficient credit 39 6.6Conclusion 41 6..7Recommendations 41 6.8REFERENCES 42 7.4LIST OF APPENDICES 45 Appendix A: Questionnaire 45 7.7Appendix B: Research Work Plan/Time Frame 50 7.8Appendix C: The Budget 50 7.9Appendix D: Operationalization and Measurement of Variables 51
VII CHAPTER ONE
1. llntroductjon
1.2Background of the study
The microfinance industry has become a major backbone in the sustenance, growth
and survival of retail businesses (Hassan 2003). Having a reliable source of credit
allows micro entrepreneurs to better plan their business activities and manage their
cash flow and growth. Microfinance institutions fill a needed gap within the financial
services industry by offering small loans, or micro-loans, to people unable to access
conventional loan services. Within any society, financial services provide a means for
people and businesses to obtain credit and manage available assets on a continuous
basis. Access to financial services enables existing businesses to grow and provides
the starting capital for starter businesses. Microfinance institutions provide these
services within communities that have limited resources and few a venues for
sustaining their businesses.
In Canada microfinance institution provide micro entrepreneurs with the capital needed to operate and expand their businesses. Although the size of the loans may seem small, sometimes just $100, it is worth remembering that for half of the world’s population that survive on less than $2 a day are able to manage and sustain their businesses still a significant sum. Through the increased income generated by their businesses as well as the ability to save and obtain loans, microfinance allowed poor people to build their assets, for example by acquiring land, constructing or improving their homes and purchasing livestock and poultry. Microfinance institution services
1 reduced poor people’s vulnerability. Rotnam (2009) posits that access to credit as well
as savings that often come with credit can help them to smoothen cash flows and
avoid periods when access to food, clothing, shelter or education is lost.
In Zambia , microfinance institutions like FINCA serve low-income entrepreneurs in
rural and urban areas of the country, many of whom are single mothers caring for
children orphaned by AIDS. Its 16 branches deliver financial products including
individual and group loans, credit life insurance and local currency loans. According
to recent publication by the centre of financial inclusions; it shows that more than one-
third of borrowers surveyed reported struggling to repay their loans because of high
interest rates and most of them have stopped using microfinance institution services
thus this has led to the failure to sustain businesses within such groups of people
(Abigail 2008).
FINCA Tanzania recently became the first microfinance institution in the country to be granted a microfinance banking license, allowing it to mobilize savings from both clients and the general public. With 26 branches, it serves urban and rural clients throughout the country. Its three main loan products such a s village banking, small group and individual loans, support retail businesses of all sizes and have enabled
Tanzanians to branch out into manufacturing services through the provision of small loans or micro loans thus providing starting capital for starter retail businesses and sustainability of already existing ones (Green wood, 2006). Zohir and Martin (2004) also stated that trading activities financed by MFIs helped to establish new marketing links and increased the income of traders, and this led to reduced migration due to increased employment opportunities and increased income.
2 In Uganda, currently close to 500,000 (five hundred thousands) clients have access to
micro financing with a total loan bill of 100 billion Uganda shillings. The average
loan size ranges between Uganda shillings 50,000 and 20 million and the majority of
the clients are the low-income earners. Data extracted from FINCA Uganda Limited
Management Report (2004).
MFI’s have a deep outreach of over fifty major branches country wide including
Kansanga and this is expected to grow further. Kansanga is one of the trading centres benefiting the services of microfinance institutions.
Despite the existence of the microfinance services like provision of credit and encouraging savings which retail shop owners use to invest in their businesses, there is still low development of retail shops in Kansanga trading centre. The challenge therefore is, to evaluate and ascertain whether microfinance services have created a positive or negative impact to the economic activities of retail businesses in kansanga trading centre.
3 L3Statenient of Problem
Microfinance Institutions (MFI’s) as part of their core business, provide credit to
SMEs, non — fmancial services like businesses training, financial and business
management to help improve the capacity of their clients in managing the loan
resources granted to them (Hassan 2003).
In Kansanga trading centre there are retail businesses like shops, boutiques, saloons.
restaurants, boda-boda garages which employ micro finance services like savings
accounts, emergency loans, short and long loans aiming at maximizing profits.
According to Seguya (2014), some of these businesses have been in place for long and
others have collapsed. Although microfinance services have endeavoured to offer
financial services to these retail businesses, their impact on the sustainability of these businesses still remains low. It was with this basis that research was carried out.
The study aimed at determining the effect of microfinance institution services on the sustainability of retail business in Kansanga Trading centre.
1.4Specific Objectives of the Study
1. To examine the services offered by microfinance institutions to retail
businesses in Kansanga trading centre.
2. To find out the level of sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga trading
centre.
3. To fmd out the relationship between microfinance institution services and the
sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga trading centre.
4 1.5Research Questions
1. What are the services offered by microfmance institutions to retail businesses
in Kansanga trading centre?
2. What is the level of sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga trading
centre?
3. What is the relationship between microfinance institution services and the
sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga trading centre?
l.6Hypothesis of the study
The hypothesis of the study was there is no relationship between microfinance institution services and the sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading centre.
1.7Scope of the study
The study was conducted in Kansanga Trading centre along Kampala Gaba road kabalagala Municipality. The study concentrated on the impact of microfinance services (encouraging savings and provision of sufficient credit) on the sustainability of retail businesses in terms of liquidity management, cash management and risk management of kansanga trading centre. The study mainly addressed the contribution of microfinance’s services on the sustainability of retail businesses in kansanga trading centre. The information required lied between 2O12~2O14.
5 L8SignifIcance of the study
The study assisted microfinance officers to advise their potential borrowers on how
and where to invest in order to benefit from the loans and reduce the risk of bad debts
resulting from failure to pay. Secondly, various stakeholders used this information to
avoid re-occurrence of past mistakes thus ensuring continuity and sustainability of
economic activities. The study assisted retail business owners to manage their cash
flows and maximize profits. The study findings assisted individuals who are seeking
projects to invest in to use this information to access their potential in investing in
their priority areas. This helped them in investment appraisals. Lastly, the study added
value to the researcher’s knowledge on microfinance institution services and towards
sustainability of retail businesses.
l.9Conceptual Framework
This section deals with the relationship between the independent variables
(microfmance services) and the dependent variables (Sustainability of retail businesses).
Independent variables Dependent variables
Microfinance variables Sustainability of retail business
Provision of sufficient credit Liquidity management
Encouraging savings Cash flow management
Risk management
6 According to Julius Omoding (2009), when retail business owners make savings for
some period of time, they increase on their capital base thus making decisions to
invest in assets like land and building for commercial purposes. When retail business
owners acquire small group loans and individual loans, they are able to purchase more
goods in stock and the higher the stock, the higher the sales turnover and profitability.
2.OLimitations of the study
The research was only be limited to the impact of microfinance institutions’ services
in terms of provision of credit, encouraging savings while to the sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga was considered in terms of liquidity management, cash management and risk management.
2.lOperational Definition of Terms
Microfinance institutions were examined in this study, based on two components.
These are credit provision and encouragement of savings by microfinance institutions in Kansanga. On credit provision, the study assessed it using availability, usage and the usefulness of credit. This was assessed using a 5 point likert scale using adjectives such as always without fail, almost all the time, sometimes, once in a while and never.
These were indexed from 5 to 1 respectively. And on encouragement of savings, it was assessed using provision, usage and usefulness of the savings services.
Sustainability of retail businesses was examined based on three components. These are liquidity management, cash flow management and risk management of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre. Liquidity management was assessed using the level of maintaining a working capital and control of short term obligations. Cash flow
7 management was assessed using the level use of different books of accounts for cash management. Finally, risk management was assessed using the level analysis of risks and how t o prevent them. They were assessed using a 5 point likert scale using adjectives like always without fail, almost all the time, sometimes, once in a while and never. These were indexed from 5 to 1 respectively
8 CHAPTER TWO
2.2LITERATTJRE REVIEW
This chapter reviews the existing literature on key microfinance concepts, looks at the
nature of services offered by MFIs, identifies the indicators of sustainability, the
corresponding gaps identified and evaluates the contribution of MFIs to the economic
activities of retail businesses in Kansanga trading centre.
2.3Microfinance Services
Microfinance is defined as a powerful tool to fight poverty through the provision of
basic fmancial services, including credit savings, insurance and transfer of funds.
These financial services are delivered by microfinance institutions which cover range
of service providers deferring their legal structure, mission and methodology. MFIs
have expanded their offer from providing only micro credit, group ending and
individual lending and savings to reach a wider market of unbanked and under banked
clients. The new offer embraces financial and non-financial services (Brau and Weller
2004). Non-financial services include development support services such as technical
training in marketing and in management and literacy eradication.
2.3.lEncouragement of savings
Historically, most of the attention with the microfinance industry was focused on the
provision of saving (Chittenden 2008). He also argues that the accumulation of
savings is vital to the sustainability and growth of retail businesses. It is a source of
working capital that helps the business to progress in the daily running of the business.
MFI’s are well positioned to assist entrepreneurs and their household to increase the
9 amount, accessibility and security of accumulated savings. Evidence from Faulu
Kenya and Faulu Uganda, MFI’s operating in East Africa provide understanding of
possible options and constraints. Both institutions require clients to make deposit into
amendatory savings account.
2.3.2Provjsjon of sufficient Credit
According to Rutherford (2006), retail businesses are becoming increasingly
dependent using credit provided by MFI’s which has made capital readily available and solvency within the business unit. Rutherford also argued that micro financing has turned out to be an extremely effective way to sustain retail businesses at affordable interest rates in terms of credit and other variety of services provided. Makohka
(2006) revealed that inadequacy of capital hindered the expansion and sustainability of businesses. It is evident that members of informed credit association access funding through the sharing of proceeds and loans from MFI are which is invested in small income generating projects (Samalien, 2002). Micheal (2005) argues that savings and credit are two important pillars for development. However you cannot have one without the other effective development.
Rutherford (2006) suggests that micro savings services are normally offered in banks,
MFI’s credit union and cooperatives through informal micro savings mechanisms.
Availability of better safe saving facilities increase self-sustaining capacity and thus reduces the need to borrow with its inheritance risks. Customary, people had to apply for loans in order to start business but that proved to be an obstacle to people with credits, however, MFI’s now offer better financial services like savings, insurance and loans to unprivileged people. MFI;s provide credit, cooperative unions by allowing
10 members to have a voice and take control of their economic future, credit MFI’s
profitability with basic human rights to access basic credit services ultimately
changing the lives of millions of members around the globe (Brau, et al, 2005).
2.3.6Retajj Businesses
Retail businesses are businesses that sell commodities directly to customers. Retailing
practice is increasingly encompassing a boarder range of activities as retailers expand
the boundaries of their target markets and develop new ways for interacting with
customers and channel partners (Sorescu et.al, 2011).
By incorporating atmosphere elements in the retail environment, stores induce the
likelihood of customer purchases and the possibility of creating long lasting consumer
relationships (Touzi, 201 1). Retailers have been showing much concern about online
shopping, as it reduces distances and time scale, lowers distribution and transaction
costs, provides more information to buyers and sellers and enlarges customer choice and reach (Ahiert et al., 2010).
2.3.7Liquidjty Management
Liquidity management is a precondition to ensure that a business is able to meet its short term obligations and its continued flow can be guaranteed from a profitable venture (Eljelly, 2004). Retail businesses are able to run the day to day operational activities for sustainable growth y use of heir working capital. A working capital is he cash available for transactions of day to day activities and also for unplanned or unexpected expenses within the business. Efficient working capital management involves the planning and controlling of short term assets and short term liabilities in
11 order to avoid excess investments as well as eliminating the risk of not meeting its
short term obligations (Raheman & Nasr, 2007).
Excess liquidity means accumulation of idle funds which may lead o lower
profitability, increase in speculation, and extension of credit terms whereas inadequate
liquidity results in interruptions of business operations. Therefore for the survival of
business, the owner should have requisite degree of liquidity. It should neither be
excessive inadequate.
2.3.8Cash flow Management
For retail businesses to stay in business for long they must design a business plan,
prepare cash flow projections and cash budgeting; ensuring budgetary control, internal
control system and control their spending habits and improve on their credit policies
(Siedu, 2006). A well —made cash flow plan, if used by retail businesses as a tool for cash low monitoring, increases the confidence of the bankers on the systems and controls in retail businesses and as a result fits the criteria for the banks to evaluate and consider funding support (Menon, 2011).
According to Percat, (2012), around 90% of retail businesses’ failures are due to inadequate management of their cash flow. Retail business owners should accelerate cash inflows wherever possible, delaying cash outflows until they come due, investing surplus cash to earn a rate of return, borrowing cash at the best possible terms, maintaining an optimal level of cash that is neither excessive nor deficient.
12 2.3.9Risk management
Risk management is the process of planning, organising, directing and controlling
resources to achieve given objectives when surprisingly good or bad events are
possible (Christopher, 2009). Risks have their own district characteristics which call
for particular assessment and management strategies. Risk management is vital in
securing the business’ opportunities is not to prohibit taking risks entirely, but to understand the levels of risks and to properly engage risks into development and growth. These risks can be imposed by customers, suppliers among other. (CPA,
Ausfralia, 2009).
Insurance is one of the solutions of businesses to prevent threats. Although insurance provide compensation for looses, choosing to insure against risk or not and choosing what to insure are decisions that need careful consideration from business owners
(Stanford risk management, accessed 2013).
13 3.OMicroflnance institutions and the sustainability of retail businesses.
Access to credit enables retail business owners to cover some of the cost of capital
equipment, expansion or renovation. Similarly, UWFT (2005) found that majority of
retail businesses that accessed adequate finds from microfinance institutions
increased their volume of sales and profit and acquired assets using MFIs’ loans.
Kruger (2002) also argued that appropriate loan sizes for clients matching their needs,
realistic interest rates, savings as a prerequisite, regular, short and immediate
repayment periods and achieving a scale can contribute to the sustainability of retail
businesses.
Access to safe and flexible savings services can play a critical role in retail business
owners’ strategies for minimizing risks, mitigating income fluctuations, facing unexpected expenditures and emergencies and building a small asset base over time.
Insurance is a risk management tool for retail business owners that are provided by microfinance institutions that provides safety mechanism against negative events.
Insurance protects people and businesses against financial losses by spreading the risks among large numbers (Peterson, 2002). The contract indicates the amount of a specific potential loss covered by the insurer and the insured person or business pays a premium that is directly related to the likelihood and the cost of the particular risk.
MFIs provide services like training of retail business owners in find management, loan application, and book keeping risks involved in their businesses and also supervise the implementation of these activities.
14 3.1 The relationship between microfinance institutions and the sustainability
of retail businesses
3.1.2 Leadership
The commitment and continuity of one or two retail businesses can lead to a strong relationship between the retail business and the microfinance institution. With in all start up enterprises their is a dominant leader who helps coordinate the enterprises and enables those involved to develop and function through many stages. In most cases these advancements require alot of financial assistance which can be provided by the micro finance institution which eventually creates a foundation for the relationship
According to ENT TOOL KIT microfinance institutions coordinate many activities in today’s economy among which are retail businesses, this has helped create an understanding with in the retail business market through financial support and support in other raw materials, being able to deal with governments is an important thing more so when it requires the need to weave through bureaucracy and the need to work with different ministries. The microfinance institutions have helped overcome such huddles by providing leadership skills on how to manoeuvre such instances.
Source: Greenwood & Martin Adventure Journal 3~ Edition
15 3.l.3Partnership management
The ability to negotiate and maintain a core set of relations in order to maintain the
benefit of the retail business in most cases is handled by the microfinance institutions
which have played a role of financing adequately, providing knowledge and contribution of success in legal advice and business planning. A clear description, testing and external validation to demonstrate that an idea has market portential.The idea of retail business should have an inherent logical and clarity, where a product or service must be introduced and recognised according to its demand on the other side enterprises in form of retail businesses where new products are introduced explain and promote the market something that, microfinance institutions have efficiently done for retail businesses in Kananga
Souce:Financial management and working capital UK SMEs.Macmillan
3.L4Business planning and marketing
Microfinance institutions have emphasised the need to access a business
plan,marketing skills and a training program. start up retail businesses that have
had the support as critical as that of a microfinance have been able to demonstrate
their objectives products and services with the identification of the revenue targets
Access to investment is often mentioned as a critical success factor for retail
businesses,understanding what retailers might be looking for and recognising
where they could be barriers. The skills do not necessarily need to be vested in the
microfinance but they should be able to create enough marketing support for the
retailbusiness. According to FINCA Uganda Internal Management Report
16 CHAPTER THREE
3.3METHODOLOGY
This chapter addressed the methods applied in this research study. Methods included
research design, study population, sample size, sampling techniques, validity.
reliability and methods of data collection, instrumentation and statistical instruments
of gathered data.
3.4Research design
The study used descriptive research design, where the researcher attempted to describe
how the various MFIs services as well as sustainability of retail businesses relate to
each other through measures of central tendencies like mean. The study sued both qualitative and quantitative designs to analyze and present data while inferential statistics was used to determine the relationship between MFIs and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga trading centre in terms of simple correlation or regression analysis.
3.5Location of the study
The research was carried out in Kansanga trading centre located 10 kilometres west of
Kampala along Gaba road.
17 3.6Study Population
The targeted population was owners of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre
which added up to 135 (Mugerwa (2013), Kabalagala town council Statistics).
Category of the respondents Targeted population Sample size
Saloons 24 18
Restaurants 28 21
~ 44 33
Boutiques 22 16
Workshops 17 13
Total 135 101
18 3.7Sample Size
The sample size was determined by Taro Yamane’s sample size formula from a population size of 135 at a margin error of 0.05 as shown: s
1+Ne2
Where N = population size, e-margine error’s = sample size
S 135 = 101 Respondents
1+135 (0.05)2
3.8Data collection Techniques
There are two main sources of data that can be used in this research: primary data and
secondary data. Primary data was collected by use of self — administered questionnaires that were designed using the likert scale.
Secondary data is already existing data and it was collected from reports, internet, text books and journals.
19 3.9Data Collection Instruments
The main instruments that were used in this research are self-administered
questionnaire interviews and observation described in details below.
4.OSelf-admjnjstered Questionnaires
It was used by researchers to get information from those who can read and write and
fill in response on their own without guidance.
The researchers formulated the self-administered questionnaire in accordance with the research objectives. The questionnaire was comprised of three sections.
Section one comprised of bio data, section two contained questions from objectives comprising of closed ended questions guided by five likert scale as illustrated below, while section three comprised of respondents’ suggestions and recommendations with open ended questions.
Always Almost all the Sometimes Once in a while Never without fail time 5 4 3 2
20 4.llnterview gt~ide
The researchers also interviewed respondents to solicit information from illiterate
business owners directly.
4.2Observation
The researchers observed business operations to find out the impact of micro finance
services on the sustainability of retail businesses. For some businesses that started
some time back are still in existence and have been observed to increase in stock and
business premises and others that have collapsed.
4.3Valiclity of the Instrument
The validity of the instrument was established by use of professional experts and other
people in the field of research. This instrument was submitted to the supervisors who
suggested some important adjustments that covered all important aspects of the study
under investigation. The validity of the instrument was determined by the content validity index (CVI) given by the expression below.
CVI Total number of relevant items in the questionnaire
Total number of items in the questionnaire
75+88+90
300
0.84
The questionnaires were considered valid since the CVI was above 0.7.
21 The questionnaires were considered valid since the CVI was above 0.7.
4,4Reliability of the Instruments
The researchers used Cronbach’s alpha scale, whose coefficient should be at least
0.7000 for the reliability of the pretested 10 questionnaires carried out in Kabalagala
trading centre where there are related retail businesses in order to be considered
adequate and consistent. The researchers got Cronback’ s Alpha’s coefficient of 0.870
which indicated that the research instrument was reliable for data collection.
4.5Reliability Statistics
Cronbach’s Alpha No of Items ri~o 13 Source: researchers 2015
4.6Sampling Techniques and Procedure
The researchers employed simple random sampling technique in data collection,
purposive and stratification where the researchers randomly selected the required
respondents because it gives equal chance to the targeted population to participate in
the study hence avoiding the problem of biasness. The members on site on a particular
day for the questionnaire distribution and interview were included in the random
sample to make a total of 101.
22 4.7flata Analysis
For the collected raw data was edited, coded and then tabulated before running the
SPSS computer program for data analysis.
Question one (1) and two (2) used descriptive statistics of data analysis, and question three (3), correlation analysis was used to find out the strength of relationship between microfinance institution services and the sustainability of retail businesses. The researchers used evaluation scoring scale to measure the level of sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre as seen below.
Scale Level of sustainability
4.2 1-5.00 Very high
3.41-4.20 high
2.62-3.40 Moderate
1.81-2.60 Low
1.00-1.80 Very low
23 4.8Ethical Considerations
To ensure safety that there was no harm to the well being of respondents, social psychological and legal measures were employed in order to protect the respondent’s privacyj the researcher vowed to the respondents that i will kip their names and businesses confidential such that no harm would get to them due to the information gathered.However they demanded for my student ID as a symbol of recognition to verify that am a student from Kampala International University.
24 CHAPTER FOUR
4.9INTRODUCTION
The study was aimed at the effect of microfinance institutions’ services and sustainability of retail business owners in Kansanga Trading Centre. The study was based on the following objectives;
1. To examine the services offered by microfinance institutions to retail
businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre
2. To find out the level of sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading
Centre.
3, To find out the relationship between microfinance institution services and the sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre.
4.2.lBio-data
The study looked at the respondents bio-data in terms of gender, age, education level attained, type of business and the time spent in the business in Kansanga Trading
Centre. This was aimed at finding out the effects of demographic information on the study. The bio data is presented in the table below based on frequencies and percentages.
25 Table 5.0: Showing the respondent’s gender
Frequency Percent
Valid Male 57 56.4 Female 44 43.6 Total 101 100.0
The fmdings revealed that out of 101 respondents, 57 (56.4%) were male and 44
(43.6%) were female.
Table 5.1 showing the respondent’s age
Frequency Percent
Valid 18-25 23 22.8
26-30 33 32.7
34-41 29 28.7
above 41 16 15.8
Total 101 100.0
The findings revealed that 23(22.8%) were 18-25 years, 33(32.7%) were 26-30 years,
29(28.7%) were 34-41 years and above 41 were represented by 16 (15.8%). This showed that most of the retai.l businesses in Kansanga are owned by respondents in the age bracket of 26-30.
26 Table 5.2: Showing the respondents’ education level
Frequency Percent
Valid Primary 27 26.7
Secondary 27 26.7
Certificate 19 18.8
Diploma 18 17.8
Others 10 9.9
Total 101 100.0
The findings showing that 27(26.7%) attained Primary education, 27(26.7%) had attained Secondary education, 19(18.8%) attained certificates, 18(17.8%) were diploma holders, and 10(9.9%) had attained other levels like degree. This implied that majority of the retail business owners’ attained primary and secondary level.
27 Table 5.3 Showing types of business owned
Frequency Percent
Valid Saloons 18 17.8
Restaurants 21 20.8
Shops 33 32.7
Boutiques 16 15.8
Workshops 13 12.9
Total 101 100.0
As regards to the type of business owned by the respondents, it indicated that out of the 101 respondents those who owned saloons were 18(17.8%), restaurants
21(20.8%), shops 33(32.7%), Boutiques 16(15.8%), and workshops 13(12.9%). This implied that the trading centre is dominated by shops.
Table 5.4: Showing time spent in business by respondents
Frequency Percent
Valid less than a year 6 5.9
1 year 29 28.7
1Y2 years 29 28.7
2years 19 18.8
Above2years 18 17.8
Total 101 100.0
28 The findings revealed that 6(5.9%) of the respondents had spent less than a year in the
business, 29(28.7%) had spent one year, 29(28.7%) had spent one and had years,
19(18.8%) has spent two years, and 18(17.8%) had spent above two years in the
business. This implied that most of the respondents had been in business for a year or
for one and half.
Objective 1: To examine the services offered by microfinance institutions to retail business owners in Kansanga Trading Centre.(Provision of sufficient credit, and encouraging savings.)
Table 5.5 Showing respondents who have been able to access credit from
microfinance institutions.
Frequency Percent
Valid Never 8 7.9
Onceinawhile 22 21.8
Sometimes 23 22.8
Almost all the time 17 16.8
Always without fail 31 30.7
Total ioi 100.0
The table shows that most of the respondents were able access credit always without fail 31 (30.7%) and sometimes 23(22.8%).
29 Table 5.6 showing respondents who have been able to expand their businesses.
Frequency Percent
Valid Never 8 7.9
Once in a while 18 17.8
Sometimes 25 24.8
Almost all the time 30 29.7
Always without fail 20 19.8
Total 101 100.0
The findings in the table above imply that most of the respondents 30(29.7%) were able to expand their businesses almost all the time and others sometimes 25(24.8%).
Basing on the majority findings, the respondents’ views were always without fail, almost all the time meaning that most of the retail businesses in Kansanga Trading
Centre have access to credit services provided by microfinance institutions and were able to expand their businesses.
30 Table 5.7 showing respondents who have been provided with savings services
Frequency Percent
Valid Never 2 2.0
Once inawhile 11 10.9
Sometimes 26 25.7
Almost all the time 32 31.7
Always without fail 30 29.7
Total 101 100.0
This shows that the respondents had been provided with savings’ services like controlling cash through fixed deposit accounts almost all the time 32(31.7%) and always without fail 30(29.7%) by microfinance institutions.
31 Table 5.8 showing respondents who have deposit accounts in microfinance like fixed and current Frequency Percent
Valid Never 5 5.0
Onceinawhile 12 11.9
Sometimes 20 19.8
Almost all the time 36 35.6
Always without fail 28 27.7
Total 101 100.0
The table shows that out of 101 respondents, 36(35.6%) have a deposit account in a microfinance institution like fixed and current almost all the time and 28(27.7%) always without fail.
Table 5.9 shows respondents who use their savings to cover seasonal shortfalls
Frequency Percent
Valid Once in a while 15 14.9
Sometimes 30 29.7
Almost all the time 29 28.7
Always without fail 27 26.7
Total 101 100.0
The findings in the table above show that most of the respondents sometimes
30(29.7%) and almost all the time 29(28.7%) use their savings to cover seasonal shortfalls and sustain their businesses.
32 Objective 2: Level of sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading centre.
No Scales Point Mean Range Level of sustainability
1 Always without fail 5 4.21-5.00 Very high
2 Almost all the time 4 3.41-4.20 High
3 Sometimes 3 2.6 1-3.40 Moderate
4 Once in a while 2 1.8 1-2.60 Low
5 Never 1 1.00-1.80 Very Low
Mean range Highest value — Lowest value
Highest value
= 5-1
5
= 0.8
The variables investigated were liquidity management, cash flow management and risk management.
33 Table 6.0 showing liquidity management, cash flow management and risk
management.
Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Interpretation
I maintain a working capital to meet my short 101 4.0198 1.03904 High term obligations of my business 101 3.6832 1.01912 High I control my short term assets like cash equivalent, cash at bank
I use a cashbook to record payments and sales 101 3.9208 1.15484 High made in cash
I maintain a sales day book to record the sales 101 3.8416 1.04626 High made in a day
I maintain a debtor’s day book 101 3.7624 1.21777 High
I maintain a creditor’s day book 101 3.6535 1.15270 High I analyse the potential results of the activities that give rise to risk like too much credit 101 3.5743 1.31413 High sales/over and under stocking
I have a fire fighting equipment to help in 101 3.2475 3.35084 preventing the losses caused by fire Moderate
Valid N
Grand mean 101 3.27 1.41 Moderate
34 From the funding concerning the level of sustainability of retail businesses in
Kansanga, the results indicated that all the variables measuring sustainability were
represented by a moderate scale with a mean of 3.27 and a standard deviation of 1.41.
This means that most of the retail business owners are able to sustain their businesses
due to the services offered by microfinance institutions.
Objective 3: To fmd out the relationship between microfinance institution services
and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre. The variables
studies were provision of credit, encouraging savings, liquidity management, cash
flow management, and risk management. It was hypothesized that there is no
relationship between microfinance institutions services and sustainability of retail
businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre.
6. iCorrelations
IV DV
IV Pearson Correlation 1 .755
Sig. (2-tailed) .ooo
N 101 101
**~ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
The researchers aim was to find out if there is a relationship between microfinance
services and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading centre and
Pearson’s correlation was used. The P-value got was 0.00 and it is less than a0.Oi therefore the researchers rejected the null hypothesis “there is no relationship between
microfinance institution services and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga
Trading Centre”. It was also observed that r=0.755 and is greater than -1 and 0.5. This
35 showed a strong relationship between microfinance services and sustainability of retail businesses in Karisanga Trading Centre.
6.2Testing the hypothesis
The hypothesis of the study was there is no relationship between microfinance institution services and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre.
According to the findings the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative “there is a relationship between microfinance institution services and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga was accepted. This was because the p-value of 0.00 was less than a=0.01.
36 Table 6.3 showing other services offered by microfinance institutions.
Statistics
Other services provided by
Microfinance institutions
N Valid 101 Missing
Frequency Percent Valid Credit services 16 15.8 Money transfers 20 19.8 Training services 15 14.9 savings services 16 15.8 Micro insurance services 11 10.9 Advisory services 9 8.9 Consultation services 14 13.9 Total 101 100.0 From the findings, out of 101 respondents, majority revealed that microfinance
institutions carry out money transfers through western union and others evidenced by
20(19.8%) respondents. These have helped them in the daily running of their
businesses and sustainability.
37 Table 6.4 showing factors affecting business’ sustainability
Statistics
N Valid 101 Missing 0
Frequency Percent Valid 1 10 Risks 4 4.0 Uncertainties 22 21.8 Competition 12 11.9 Market trends 5 5.0 Inadequate resources 13 12.9 Others 44 43.6 Total 101 100.0
The fmdings in the table above show that other factors like ill health, taxes, thefi, poor infrastructure among others affect business sustainability. This was evidenced by the majority of the respondents 44(43.6%).
38 CHAPTER FWE
6,5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AN]) RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
The chapter involves the summary of the findings, conclusions of the results and recommendations of the study.
Bio —data
According to the bio-.data, it was found out that the majority of the respondents were
57(56.5%) male, were adults in the age bracket of 26-30 who were 33(32.7%),
27(26.7%) had attained primary and secondary education, 33(32.7%) owned shops ad
29(28.7%) had spent a period of one year or two in their businesses.
Objective 1: To examine the services offered by microfinance institution to retail businesses in Kansanga Trading centre.
Provision of sufficient credit
The findings showed that most of the respondents were able to access credit without fail and were able to expand their businesses. This supports the literature according to
Rutherford (2006), that retail businesses are becoming increasingly dependent using credit provided by MET’s which has made capital readily available and solvency within the business unit. Rutherford also argued that micro financing has turned out to be an extremely effective way to sustain retail businesses due to the fact that the services are specifically to meet the need of small scale businesses at affordable interest rates in term of credit and other variety of services provided.
39 Objective 1: The respondents’ views were always without fail 31(30.9%), almost all the time 30(29.7%), and sometimes 30(29.7%) implying that most of the retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre have access to have to credit and have used it to expand their businesses.
Objective 2: According to the findings from the study, the level of sustainability is moderate evidenced by the mean of 3.27.
Objective 3: According to the fmdings the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative “there is a relationship between microfinance institution services and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga was accepted. This was because the p value of 0.000 was less than a0.01.
6.6Conclusion
Basing on the findings from the study, the following conclusions were made; there is a strong relationship between microfinance institution services and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre.Therefore, retail business owners of
Kansanga Trading Centre should effectively utilize the services offered by microfinance institutions in order to be able to sustain their businesses.
40 6.7Recommendations
The following recommendations were proposed by the researcher based on the
findings;
The researcher recommends retail business owners to always go for sensitization programmes organised such that business owners can opt for microfinance institutions like use of micro insurance services, among others in order to protect their businesses against risks.
Other areas of study that have contributed to the sustainability of retail businesses in
Kansanga included the Integrated public policy which has shown the steady direction of the government of Uganda and its willingness to support the retail businesses. The value chain members in the industry those with big brands and how they have fought for the sustainability of the industry, National dialogues on responsible consumption which have high lightened that companies can not do much with out the support of their customers and if customers are not willing to pay more then the prices are revised for better authenticity and lastly the ability of the retail businesses to communicate the sustainability goals through out the industry such that they can be fully supported.
41 6.8REFERENCES Abigail. (2008). Factors Affecting Growth and Profitability of Retail Industry, Lusaka, Zambia.
Ahlert et al. (2010). Liquidity. New York: McGraw Hill.
Bland. (1997, February 22). Notes on Cronback~ Alpha Coefficient,. Retrieved from: 314 doe:http://dx. doi. org/JO. 1 136/bnU. 314.7080.572,
Brau & Weller. (2004). The Impact ofMicro Institutions on the development of small scale enterprises in Nigeria. International Business Management, 1(8),25 8-257.
Chittenden. (2008). Financial Management and Working Capital in UK SMEs. Macmillan.
Christopher. (2009). Finance for small enterprise growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. International Development, 18, 1017-1030.
Churchhill. (2002). Microfinance Institutions. New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
CPA. (2009). Australia.
Eljelly. (2004). Liquidity, Profitability and Tradeoffs: An Empirical Investigation in an Emerging Market. Commerce mgt, 14, 48-61.
ENT TOOL KIT —Entrepreneurs Tool kit(google) www, entrepreneurstoolkit. org
Fernando Olivier (2015) How To Negotiate Your Way To Better Leadershi~p
FINCA.(2 004). FINCA Uganda Internal Report Management Report. Kan~pala.
Greenwood & Martin. (2006). Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Tanzania. Adventure Journal~ 24-26.
42 Hassan. (2003). Cash Flow management utilization by small Medium Enterprises in Northern Uganda. Business Research Papers.
Kruger. (2002). Microfmnance Institutions. Rout/edge Falmer.
Makokha. (2006). Formal and Informal Institutions’ lending policies and access to credits by small scale enterprises. Nairobi, Kenya.
Martin. (2005). Microfinance Institutions and Microfinance Opportunities. Texas: College Station.
Menon. (2011). Microfinance Institutions. New Delhi: Asoke Publishers.
Micheal. (2005). Financing for Micro enterprises, small~ medium, sized and cottage industries.. Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mugerwa. (2003). Kira town council statistics. Kampala.
Peterson. (2002). Is the growth of small firms constrained by Internal Finance? The Review ofEconomics and Statistics, 84(2), 298-309.
Raheman & Nasr. (2007,). Working Capital Management Internal Review of Research Papers. New Delhi: Mcgraw Hill.
Rotman. (2009,) The effects of money lending. Retrieved from
/1ito:~Adx, dO1.or~/l ~
Rutherford. (2006).The role of Micro Credit on Poverty Alleviation and Profile of Micro credit sector. Lebanon: Lebanon British Publishers.
43 Samalien. (2002,). The l(fe ofsmall Scale Businesses. New York: American Publishers.
Seguya. (2014). Resident ofKasangati Trading centre.
Siedu, A. (2006). Merit Research Journal ofAccounting, Audition, Economics and Finance. Vol. 5~ PP. 067-080~ October. Standford Risk Management. (2013).
Soresu, et.al (2011). The provision offinance to small scale businesses: Does the banking relationsh4~’ constrain performance? Journal on smallfinance, 4(1), 57-73.
Standford Risk Management. (2003).
Touzi. (2011). MFIs and Small Businesses. New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
UWFT (2005,). Evaluation ofMicro small enterprises in Uganda. Kan~pala: Uganda Women Finance Trust.
44 7.4LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: Questionnaire
Questionnaire for Retail Business Owners
Dear respondents,
I Kasumbakali Umar a student of Kampala international university is carrying out research on “Microfinance institution services and sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga Trading Centre”. This research will be used purely for academic purposes and your responses shall be considered with maximum confidentiality, you are therefore requested to give clear and correct answers. Thank you.
SECTION A: PERSONAL INFORMATION
Kindly tick appropriate box (V)
1. Gender: (i) Male ( ) (ii) Female ( )
2. Age: (i) 18-25 ( ) (ii) 26-20 ( ) (iii) 34-41 ( ) (iv) above 41 ( )
3. Highest level of education attained:
(i) Primary ( ) (ii) Secondary ( ) (iii) Certificate ( ) (iv) Diploma ( )
(v) Others ( )
4. What type of business do you operate?
(i)Saloon ( ) (ii)Restaurant ( ) (iii) Shop ( ) (iv) Boutique ( ) (v)Workshop ()
5. How long have you been in business?
(i)Less than a year ( ) (ii) lyear ( ) (iii) 1V2 years ( ) (iv) 2 years ( )
(v) above 2 years ( )
U
45 7.5 SECTION B: Services offered by microfinance institutions.
Use the following scale to answer he statement b ticking in the appropriate box (~J)
5- always without fail, 4- almost all the time, 3- sometimes, 2- once in a while, 1-Never
Credit services 5 4 3 2 6 I have been able to access credit from a microfinance institution 7 With credit I have been able to expand mu business Savings services 8 Microfinance services has provided me with savings services like controlling cash through fixed deposit accounts 9 I have a deposit account in a microfinance like fixed and current 10 I use my savings to cover seasonal shortfalls Liquidity management 1 1 I maintain a working capital to meet my short term obligations of my business 12 I control my short assets like cash equivalents, cash at bank. Cash flow management 13 I use a cash book to record payments and sales made in cash 14 I maintain a sales day book to record the sales made in a day 15 I maintain a debtor’s day book 16 I maintain a creditor’s day book Risk management 17 I analyze the potential results of the activities that give rise to risk to much credit sales/over and under stocking. 18 1 have a fire fighting equipment to help in preventing the losses caused by fire.
46 7.5,1:The level of sustainability of retail businesses in Kansanga
5- always without fail, 4- almost all the time, 3- sometimes, 2- once in a while, 1-. Never
Leadership 5 4 3 2 1 I have been able to have continuity and lead the business with help from a microfinance institution 2 Been able to understand the business community, support the community and to negotiate with the government Partnership Management 3 Have partnerships been well resourced 4 Have their been any tangible benefits 5 Have the skills been efficient in order to carry out efficient collaborations Proof and quality of management 6 I maintain a working capital to meet my short term obligations of my business 7 I have fully tested the idea and its viability Business planning and Marketing 8 Have always had access to business planning and marketing skills 9 Access to investment has always been viable 10 I have always recognised the need for acquiring new business skills 1 1 I have always kept conscious and deliberate alignment of the environmental benefits Community Engagement 12 I keep long term success and sustainability with the engagement of local stake holders 13 I have kept stake holders committed until long term benefits have been achieved
47 7.5.3:To find out the relationship between microfinance institution services and sustainability of retail businesses in kansanga trading centre
5- always without fail, 4- almost all the time, 3- sometimes, 2- once in a while, 1- Never
Location 5 4 3 2 I Are u in a prime are for your microfinance 2 Is your business dependent on passing trade can you exist as a destination businness 3 Are you in an area with growing population 4 Are you always on a lease,renting or land ownership 5 Wats the location of your products Level of performance 6 How frequent do the microfinance institutions offer financial services 7 Are the sales analysed by product lines Are the distribution channels effective in relation to the strategic alliances
8 Is production efficient and viable —_____ 9 Is the personal selling ability always high 10 I have always recognised the need for acquiring new business skills 1 1 Is the rate of advertising high Speciality 12 Do the microfinance institutions finance retail businesses with a particular product line 13 Are you of great relevance to the industry to need the microfinance financial assistance,
48 7.6 Section C: Suggestions
19. List other services provided to you by microfinance institutions that are not mentioned above.
20. What other factors can affect your business’ sustainability?
THANK YOU.
49 7.7Appeudix B: Research Work Plan/Time Frame Activity Activity Description Time Frame Code 1 Designing and testing the questionnaire December2014 2 Distribution of the questionnaire for data gathering Early March 2015 3 Collection of questionnaires for data entry Mid March 2015 4 Data processing and analysis April 2015 5 First data report to supervisor Mid April 2016 6 Final corrections and write up Late April 2016 7 Final binding and submission Early May 2016
7.8Appendix C: The Budget
The table below shows the proposed for the study.
No Item Quantity Unit cost Total Cost (UGX) (IJGX) 1 Stationery 2 reams 16,000 32,000 2 Photocopying 600 pages 50 30,000 3 Printing 3000 pages 500 150,000 4 Proposal spiral binding 4books 3,000 12,000 5 Data collection and transport 3 trips 4,000 12,000 6 Airtime 10,000 7 Final Report binging 3 books 15,000 45,000 8 Miscellaneous 15,000 Total 306,000
50 7.9Appendix D: Operationalization and Measurement of Variables Table 1: Operationalization and Measurements of Variables Variables Components/constructs Dimensions Measurements Source of adapted of the items items Microfinance 1. Provision of Credit 2 Dimensions Accessibility of Rutherford Institutions’ (6&7) credit and its (2006), Makokha services usefulness on a (2006), Samalien 5-point likert (2002), Michael scale (2005) and Bray, et al, (2005) 2. Encouraging savings 3 Dimensions Provision of the Chittenden (2008), (8-10) services, their usage and their usefulness on a 5-point likert scale Total no. Of dimensions =5 Sustainability 1. Liquidity 2 The level of Eljelly (2004), of retail management Dimensions maintaining a Raheman & Nasr businesses (1 l&12) working capital (2007), and control of short term obligations on a 5-point likert scale 2. Cash flow 4 Dimensions The use of Siedu (2006), management (13-16) different books Menon (201 1), of accounts for cash management on a 5-point likert scale 3. Risk management 2 Analysis of Christopher Dimensions risks and how (2009), CPA (17 &18) to prevent them (2009), Standford on a 5-point (2013) likert scale Total no. Dimensions ~8 and indexed as per Table 2
51 Table 2: Measurements scale
Point 5 4 3 2
Mean Range 4.21-5.00 3.414.20 2.61-3.40 1.81-2.60 1.00-1.80
Interpretation Very high High Moderate Low Very low
Scale Always without Almost all Sometimes Once in a Never
fail the time while
52 CURRICULUM VITAE
AME : KASUMBAKALI UMAR
ATE OF BIRTH : 15/02/1993
EX MALE
OST ADRESS : P.O BOX 12544
Kampala Uganda
ONTACT : +256700234080
+256775183093
MAIL : polluxkali6@gmaiLcom
ATIONALITY : UGANDAN
~DUCATION BACKGROUND
~ Bachelor’s degree Business Administration (Marketing), Kampala International University 2013-20 16 Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (UACE), Gombe Senior Secondary School 2010-2011. Uganda Certificate of Education (UCE), Bilal Islamic Institute, 2006-2009.
1ANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
ANGUAGE SPEAKING READING WRITING nglish Excellent Excellent Excellent
uganda Excellent Excellent Excellent — iswahili Good Good Good rench Fair Fair Fair WORKING EXPERIENCE
~RGANISATION WORK PERIOI) POSITION NGLISH CENTRE JANUARY 2016 TO DATE HEAD OF THE ~GANDA MARKETING DEPARTMENT vIPERIAL ROYALE JANUARY2011 — RECEPTIONIST OTEL NOVEMBER 2012 ANJO ENTREPRISES JANUARY 2000 TO DATE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OMBE SECONDARY FEBRAURY 2010- 2011 DEPUTY HEAD PREFECT CHOOL
ESPONSIBILITIES FIELD EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR verseeing the operations of the company, setting company targets and ensuring the company eets its goals and objectives through company managers. HEAD OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT nsuring that the company achieves a brand name, a stable client base, efficiency with in the mpany marketing department. RECEPTIONIST 1elcoming guests to the Hotel, ensuring a comfortable stay for them, making reservations and aximization of sales. c DEPUTY HEAD PREFECT riforcing School rules and regulations, innovating new ideas that can transform and enhance the ~hoo1s advancement ~FERENCES KASUMBAKALI SIRAJ~fl HANJO Managing Director Hanjo Enterprises
DEO MATOVU Chairman LC1 Embassy Zone Nsambya Parish
CISSY NAMAGANDA Managing Director Cinam Investments Tirupati Mazima Mall