DOCSLIB.ORG

Seconde Vie Stationnaire Pour Les Batteries Automobiles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Seconde Vie Stationnaire Pour Les Batteries Automobiles Ambassade de France à Washington Mission pour la Science et la Technologie 4101 Reservoir Road, NW - Washington, DC 20007 Tél. : +1 202 944 6249 Fax : +1 202 944 6219 Mail : [email protected] URL : http://www.ambafrance-us.org Domaine : Energie & Environnement Document : Rapport d’Ambassade / Consulat Général de France à San Francisco, Californie Titre : Rapport de la mission « Solar Tech Tour 2011 » Auteur : Pauline Caumon, Thomas Deschamps, Marc Magaud, Gabriel Marty Date : Février 2012 Contact SST : [email protected] Mots-clefs : énergie, électricité, solaire, photovoltaïque, recherche, startup, industrie, politique, université, mission. Résumé : L’attractivité de l’énergie photovoltaïque, notamment par rapport aux énergies fossiles, tient au fait qu’elle n’émet pas de CO2 à l’utilisation et fonctionne à l’aide d’une ressource inépuisable, gratuite et disponible sur l’ensemble de la planète. Elle représente cependant encore nettement moins de 1% de l’électricité produite mondialement car le prix des modules photovoltaïques était jusqu’ici prohibitif pour une commercialisation de grande envergure. Des progrès techniques continus, rapides et structurels, combinés à une large surcapacité mondiale de production conjoncturelle changent aujourd’hui la donne. Fin 2011, grâce à une réduction de prix spectaculaire en partie portée par la forte production asiatique, les modules photovoltaïques se vendent au-dessous du prix mythique d’un dollar par watt-crête (Wc). Le coût d’investissement global des centrales (CAPEX) était estimé en 2011 entre 3,8 $/Wc et 4,4 $/Wc. Aux États-Unis comme ailleurs, le rythme de développement des projets photovoltaïques est en forte augmentation mais les temps sont durs pour les producteurs de modules. Comment le pays, qui est encore la première puissance mondiale, aborde-t-il cette période mitigée ? C’est dans ce contexte que s’est déroulé le "Solar Tech Tour" du 24 septembre au 1er octobre 2011, un voyage d'une semaine organisé par la mission pour la Science et la Technologie de l'Ambassade de France aux États-Unis pour des experts français de l'énergie photovoltaïque. Les douze participants sont chercheurs (académiques et privés), entrepreneurs ou membres d'une organisation gouvernementale. Les visites ont été organisées autour du "fil rouge" que représente l'initiative Sunshot du gouvernement américain visant à réduire drastiquement (≈75%) le coût des systèmes photovoltaïques installés avant 2020. Le programme fait écho au Moonshot qui avait permis d’envoyer un homme sur la Lune et se veut aussi audacieux. Le but est de réduire le coût d’investissement des grandes centrales au sol (comprenant approvisionnement, installation, assurances, coût du capital, BOS, permis, etc) pour qu’il atteigne $1/Wc, ce qui se traduit par un coût de production de l’électricité d’environ 5-6 c$/kWh. Autour de cet objectif phare décidé au Département de l'Energie (DoE) à Washington D.C., un large éventail de subventions et de projets variés a été planifié et réparti sur le territoire américain. Le National Renewable Energy Laboratory à Golden (Colorado) est ainsi doté des meilleurs équipements de recherche, pour la fabrication et la caractérisation des modules photovoltaïques mais aussi pour étudier le comportement des panneaux en opération ou encore établir les bases de données sur l'ensoleillement aux États-Unis. En Californie dans la Silicon Valley, l'accent est mis sur la recherche scientifique, en lien avec les universités de Berkeley et de Stanford et le transfert de l'innovation dans les startups et les grandes entreprises, à travers par exemple des structures d'incubateurs ou de consortium. Ces trois lieux ont été retenus comme étapes du Solar Tech Tour. NB : Retrouvez toutes nos publications sur http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com, l’accès est libre et gratuit. 1 2 Rapport de la mission « Solar Tech Tour 2011 » Politique et organisation de la recherche photovoltaïque aux États-Unis Février 2012 3 4 Table des matières Table des matières ................................................................................................................................. 5 Synthèse ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Programme ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Préambule ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Contexte ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Le Solar Tech Tour 2011 ................................................................................................................... 14 1 - Première étape : Washington D.C. .................................................................................................. 15 1.1 - Visite introductive : le Solar Decathlon .................................................................................... 15 1.2 - Objectif du gouvernement sur le photovoltaïque : "out-innovation" ..................................... 16 1.3 – La politique: "Don't pick winners and losers".......................................................................... 22 1.4 – L’objectif des industriels : 10 GW/an ...................................................................................... 25 1.5 - Le point de vue de l’Académie Nationale des Sciences ........................................................... 27 2 - le National Renewable Energy Laboratory à Golden (Colorado) .................................................... 29 3 - Dernière étape : la région de la baie de San Francisco (Californie) ................................................ 33 3.1 - Rencontres académiques ......................................................................................................... 34 3.3 - Plateformes de développement technologique ...................................................................... 38 3.4 - Startups et industries ............................................................................................................... 40 3.5 - Networking ............................................................................................................................... 45 3.6 - Depuis la mission : vision californienne du conflit commercial avec la Chine ......................... 47 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................... 53 Bibliographie ......................................................................................................................................... 54 Annexe : Descriptif des entités visitées ................................................................................................ 59 5 Nous tenons à remercier chaleureusement tous les participants au Solar Tech Tour d’avoir contribué à la rédaction de ce rapport en nous apportant leur appui et leur expertise technique, et de leur bonne humeur durant la mission. L’équipe de la mission scientifique Délégation Paul Bellavoine Directeur Exécutif, Heliotrop Frédéric Conchy Co-fondateur et Président Directeur Général, Exosun Thomas Coquil Directeur et Associé, Photofuel Gaëlle Hossie Chargée de mission, Département Développement Durable, Centre d’Analyse Stratégique (CAS) Jean-Pierre Joly Directeur Général, Institut National de l’Énergie Solaire (INES) Didier Jousse Directeur Stratégie Produits, Saint-Gobain Solar Daniel Lincot Directeur, Institut de Recherche et Développement sur l'Énergie Photovoltaïque (IRDEP) Directeur de recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Sylvin de Magnienville Directeur Recherche & Développement, MPO Energy Jean-Guillaume Peladan Directeur des Investissements d’Avenir, Agence De l’Environnement Et de la Maîtrise de l’Énergie (ADEME) Yves Schlumberger Directeur Adjoint, Institut de Recherche et Développement sur l'Énergie Photovoltaïque (IRDEP) Chef du groupe Technologies Solaires, EDF R&D Marc Vermeersch Directeur Département Solaire & Energies Nouvelles, Total Matthieu Versavel Ingénieur Recherche, EDF R&D 6 Synthèse Organisé par la mission pour la Science et la Technologie de l'Ambassade de France aux États-Unis, le "Solar Tech Tour" s’est déroulé du 24 septembre au 1er octobre 2011 en trois étapes : Washington D.C., Golden (Colorado) et la baie de San Francisco (Californie). Les douze participants sont chercheurs (académiques et privés), entrepreneurs ou membres d'une organisation gouvernementale. Le marché photovoltaïque des États-Unis est en pleine croissance, avec une augmentation de la capacité installée en 2011 estimée à 1,8 GW, soit deux fois supérieur à celle de 2010 : les mécanismes de création de la demande des gouvernements au niveau fédéral (prêts garantis, crédits d’impôts) et local (objectif en pourcentage d’insertion des renouvelables ou Renewable Portfolio Standards) semblent donc fonctionner. Aujourd’hui, la filière solaire représente environ 100 000 emplois américains, dont 44 000 dans les services. En conséquence, et même si un intervenant de l’Académie Nationale des Sciences a rappelé
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tesla Motors
    AUGUST 2014 TESLA MOTORS: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OPEN INNOVATION, AND THE CARBON CRISIS DR MATTHEW RIMMER AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH COUNCIL FUTURE FELLOW ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LAW The Australian National University College of Law, Canberra, ACT, 0200 Work Telephone Number: (02) 61254164 E-Mail Address: [email protected] 1 Introduction Tesla Motors is an innovative United States manufacturer of electric vehicles. In its annual report for 2012, the company summarizes its business operations: We design, develop, manufacture and sell high-performance fully electric vehicles and advanced electric vehicle powertrain components. We own our sales and service network and have operationally structured our business in a manner that we believe will enable us to rapidly develop and launch advanced electric vehicles and technologies. We believe our vehicles, electric vehicle engineering expertise, and operational structure differentiates us from incumbent automobile manufacturers. We are the first company to commercially produce a federally-compliant electric vehicle, the Tesla Roadster, which achieves a market-leading range on a single charge combined with attractive design, driving performance and zero tailpipe emissions. As of December 31, 2012, we had delivered approximately 2,450 Tesla Roadsters to customers in over 30 countries. While we have concluded the production run of the Tesla Roadster, its proprietary electric vehicle powertrain system is the foundation of our business. We modified this system
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Solyndra: Examining the Department of Energy's Loan Guarantee Program Hilary Kao
    William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review Volume 37 | Issue 2 Article 4 Beyond Solyndra: Examining the Department of Energy's Loan Guarantee Program Hilary Kao Repository Citation Hilary Kao, Beyond Solyndra: Examining the Department of Energy's Loan Guarantee Program, 37 Wm. & Mary Envtl. L. & Pol'y Rev. 425 (2013), http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol37/iss2/4 Copyright c 2013 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr BEYOND SOLYNDRA: EXAMINING THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY’S LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM HILARY KAO* ABSTRACT In the year following the Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011, the renewable and clean energy industries faced significant turmoil— from natural disasters, to political maelstroms, from the Great Recession, to U.S. debt ceiling debates. The Department of Energy’s Loan Guarantee Program (“DOE LGP”), often a target since before it ever received a dollar of appropriations, has been both blamed and defended in the wake of the bankruptcy filing of Solyndra, a California-based solar panel manufac- turer, in September 2011, because of the $535 million loan guarantee made to it by the Department of Energy (“DOE”) in 2009.1 Critics have suggested political favoritism in loan guarantee awards and have questioned the government’s proper role in supporting renewable energy companies and the renewable energy industry generally.2 This Article looks beyond the Solyndra controversy to examine the origin, structure and purpose of the DOE LGP. It asserts that loan guaran- tees can serve as viable policy tools, but require careful crafting to have the potential to be effective programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives
    Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 1 2 Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California: Quality Careers—Cleaner Lives Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 3 About the Author Peter Philips (B.A. Pomona College, M.A., Ph.D. Stanford University) is a Professor of Economics and former Chair of the Economics Department at the University of Utah. Philips is a leading economic expert on the U.S. construction labor market. He has published widely on the topic and has testified as an expert in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, served as an expert for the U.S. Justice Department in litigation concerning the Davis-Bacon Act (the federal prevailing wage law), and presented testimony to state legislative committees in Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Utah, Kentucky, Connecticut, and California regarding the regulations of construction labor markets.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Connectivity Planning for Selected Focal Species in the Carrizo Plain
    Habitat Connectivity Planning for Selected Focal Species in the Carrizo Plain BLM Chuck Graham Chuck Graham Agena Garnett-Ruskovich Advisory Panel Members: Paul Beier, Ph.D., Northern Arizona University Patrick Huber, Ph.D., University of California Davis Steve Kohlmann, Ph.D., Tierra Resource Management Bob Stafford, California Department of Fish and Game Brian Cypher, Ph.D., University of Stanislaus Endangered Species Recovery Program also served as an Advisory Panel Member when this project was under the California Energy Commission’s jurisdiction. Preferred Citation: Penrod, K., W. Spencer, E. Rubin, and C. Paulman. April 2010. Habitat Connectivity Planning for Selected Focal Species in the Carrizo Plain. Prepared for County of San Luis Obsipo by SC Wildlands, http://www.scwildlands.org Habitat Connectivity Planning for Selected Focal Species in the Carrizo Plain Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction 2.1. Background and Project Need 3. Project Setting 3.1. The Study Area 3.1.1. Location 3.1.2. Physical Features 3.1.3. Biological Features 3.1.4. Human Features 3.2. The Proposed Energy Projects 3.2.1. Topaz Solar Farm 3.2.2. SunPower – California Valley Solar Ranch 4. The Focal Species 4.1. Pronghorn antelope 4.2. Tule elk 4.3. San Joaquin kit fox 5. Conservation Planning Approach 5.1. Modeling Baseline Conditions Of Habitat Suitability And Connectivity For Each Focal Species 5.1.1. Compilation And Refinement Of Digital Data Layers 5.1.2. Modeling Habitat Suitability 5.1.3. Modeling Landscape Permeability 5.1.4. Species-Specific Model Input Data And Conceptual Basis For Model Development 5.1.4.1.
    [Show full text]
  • An Investigation of Solyndra and the Department of Energy Disasters
    An Investigation Of Solyndra And The Department Of Energy Disasters By The Internet Revision 1.5 1 A Crime Investigation Table of Contents An Investigation Of Solyndra And The Department Of Energy Disasters................................................1 Overview:...................................................................................................................................................3 Solyndra's Whorehouse Lender..................................................................................................................3 The Solyndra Due Diligence Lie..............................................................................................................15 Goldman Sachs Was The Devil In All Of The Details.............................................................................18 Goldman’s tangled relationship with Tesla draws fire.............................................................................18 The George Mason University Study.......................................................................................................22 Report By The U.S. House of Representatives - Committee on Oversight and Government Reform....32 The Revolving Green Door Payola Scams...............................................................................................69 Google.................................................................................................................................................69 Nancy Ann DeParle.............................................................................................................................69
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Is Driving a Global Shift in Electricity Markets
    SOLAR IS DRIVING A GLOBAL SHIFT IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS Rapid Cost Deflation and Broad Gains in Scale May 2018 Tim Buckley, Director of Energy Finance Studies, Australasia ([email protected]) and Kashish Shah, Research Associate ([email protected]) Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 2 1. World’s Largest Operational Utility-Scale Solar Projects ........................................... 4 1.1 World’s Largest Utility-Scale Solar Projects Under Construction ............................ 8 1.2 India’s Largest Utility-Scale Solar Projects Under Development .......................... 13 2. World’s Largest Concentrated Solar Power Projects ............................................... 18 3. Floating Solar Projects ................................................................................................ 23 4. Rooftop Solar Projects ................................................................................................ 27 5. Solar PV With Storage ................................................................................................. 31 6. Corporate PPAs .......................................................................................................... 39 7. Top Renewable Energy Utilities ................................................................................. 44 8. Top Solar Module Manufacturers .............................................................................. 49 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tesla, Inc. Form 10-K Annual Report Filed 2017-03-01
    SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION FORM 10-K Annual report pursuant to section 13 and 15(d) Filing Date: 2017-03-01 | Period of Report: 2016-12-31 SEC Accession No. 0001564590-17-003118 (HTML Version on secdatabase.com) FILER Tesla, Inc. Mailing Address Business Address 3500 DEER CREEK RD 3500 DEER CREEK RD CIK:1318605| IRS No.: 912197729 | State of Incorp.:DE | Fiscal Year End: 1231 PALO ALTO CA 94070 PALO ALTO CA 94070 Type: 10-K | Act: 34 | File No.: 001-34756 | Film No.: 17655025 650-681-5000 SIC: 3711 Motor vehicles & passenger car bodies Copyright © 2017 www.secdatabase.com. All Rights Reserved. Please Consider the Environment Before Printing This Document UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 001-34756 Tesla, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 91-2197729 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 3500 Deer Creek Road Palo Alto, California 94304 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (650) 681-5000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $0.001 par value The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Environmental Impact Statement
    DOE/EIS–0458 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT VOLUME II: APPENDICES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY LOAN GUARANTEE TO ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND FOR CONSTRUCTION AND STARTUP OF THE TOPAZ SOLAR FARM SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA US Department of Energy, Lead Agency Loan Guarantee Program Office Washington, DC 20585 In Cooperation with US Army Corps of Engineers San Francisco District August 2011 APPENDICES TABLE OF CONTENTS Appendix A Public Scoping Appendix B PG&E Connected Action Appendix C Farmlands Correspondence and Analysis Appendix D Visual Simulation Methodology Appendix E Biological Resources, Including Section 7 Consultation Appendix F Cultural Resources, Including Section 106 Consultation Appendix G Draft Wildfire Management Plan Appendix H USACE CWA Section 404 Individual Permit Information Appendix I Contractor Disclosure Statement Appendix J Distribution List Appendix K Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Plan Appendix A Public Scoping 65306 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 204 / Friday, October 22, 2010 / Notices required by Section 10(a)(2) of the discussion of recently released IES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Advisory Committee Act and is reports will be held from 2:30 p.m. until intended to notify the public of their 4 p.m. The meeting will close to the Notice of Intent To Prepare an opportunity to attend the open portion public from 4 p.m. to 4:45 p.m. for the Environmental Impact Statement for a of the meeting. The public is being election of Chair and Vice Chair. The Proposed Federal Loan Guarantee To given less than 15 days’ notice due to new officers will have a brief Support Construction of the Topaz the need to accommodate the members’ opportunity to address the membership Solar Farm, San Luis Obispo County, schedules.
    [Show full text]
  • World's Largest Solar Power Plant Unveiled in India Elon Musk's Tesla
    World's Largest Solar Power Plant Unveiled in "It's time for the human race to enter India the solar system" Dan Quayle, 44th India has become home to the world's largest solar power plant Vice President of the United States of thanks to a 648-megawatt (MW) facility that has come online in America. the southern part of the country. The previous record holder belonged to the Topaz Solar Farm in California that has a capacity of 550 MW. India has been fast-tracking solar power projects in the past few years thanks to a goalof having 20 gigawatts (GW) of solar power capacity installed by 2022. That goal has spurred some very large solar projects, including a 4 GW plant slated to be built over the next 7 years. Planned solar power projects have grown in size, but each plant takes years to pass through different phases of approval, receive funding and ultimately be built. That's why as we hear about plans for solar power plants with capacities in the thousands of megawatts, the largest ones actually built and running are in the > RESOURCES hundreds of megawatts. None of that should take away from the impressiveness of this new power plant though. The facility, Get Involved with ASES Divisions funded by the Adani Group, is located in Kamuthi, Tamil Nadu Locate an ASES Chapter and covers 10 square kilometers. It consists of 2.5 million Get Up-to-Date Incentives individual solar modules and it's estimated that it will generate enough electricity to power 150,000 homes.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Power Card U.S
    NORTH SCORE AMERICAN SOLAR POWER CARD U.S. SOLAR POWER Canada Solar Power Total grid-connected PV generating capacity for the U.S., as of the Total PV grid-connected capacity, end of 2019: 3,196 MW end of Q1, 2020: 81,400 megawatts (MW) Installed in 2019: 102 MW Growth in PV generated capacity during 2019: 13,300 MW of new solar PV ✷ Solar power accounted for nearly 40 percent of all new electricity generating capacity added in the U.S. in 2019, the largest annual share in the industry’s history. Canadian Solar Power Initiatives ✷ The U.S. solar market installed 3.6 gigawatts (GW) of new solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity in Q1 2020, representing its largest first quarter ever in the U.S. ✷ The Government of Canada launched the long-awaited Greening Government initiative, a power purchase agreement (PPA) program, with a request for information regarding The COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on the U.S. solar industry, but overall, the ✷ the procurement of up to 280,000 MWh per year in newly-built solar PV and wind generation Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) and consulting firm Wood Mackenzie forecast 33 percent capacity. It is designed to offset federal government operations within the province of growth in 2020, owing entirely to the strong performance of the utility-scale segment, which is Alberta, as well as an additional 240,000 – 360,000 MWh per year in Renewable Energy expected to account for more than 14 GW of new installations this year. Certificates (REC) to offset Federal electricity emissions in other provinces.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Loan Guarantee Commitments
    Department of Energy Loan Guarantee Program: Current Loan Guarantee Commitments Passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Title XVII Loan Guarantee Program has $34 billion in authority to give loan guarantees to innovative technologies. 1 The 1705 program also had about $2.4 billion in Recovery Act funds to pay for the credit subsidy cost for renewable and energy efficiency projects, but those funds expired on September 30, 2011. So far, the DOE has finalized $16.13 billion worth of loans and committed $10.65 billion. Below is a list of applicants that have a committed or finalized loan; there are other companies that are in the process of applying for a loan and at least one company that has rejected the loan terms offered by the DOE. Nuclear Power Facilities Current DOE loan guarantee authority for the financing of nuclear projects is set at $18.5 billion with an additional $4 billion now identified for uranium enrichment (see see front-end nuclear cycle below).1 President Obama is requesting more. In both his FY2011 and FY2012 budgets, he included an additional $36 billion in loan guarantee authority for nuclear reactors. If his FY2012 budget is approved, loan guarantee authority for nuclear reactors would total roughly $50 billion. This authority is under the 1703 program. So far, only one nuclear company, Southern Company, has been offered a conditional commitment. Constellation Energy was in extensive negotiations with the DOE over a loan guarantee but backed out after citing the “unreasonably burdensome” cost associated with the loan guarantee the DOE offered and claimed that it would “create unacceptable risks and costs for our company.”2 Other nuclear companies are currently under review for a loan guarantee and rely on reactor designs that are currently in use in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunpower T0 Washing System
    SunPower T0 Washing System by Charlie Joy Atlund Smith David Hohn Eric Wallace Mechanical Engineering Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo 2010 Statement of Confidentiality The complete senior project report was submitted to the project advisor and sponsor. The results of this project are of a confidential nature and will not be published at this time. Statement of Disclaimer Since this project is a result of a class assignment, it has been graded and accepted as fulfillment of the course requirements. Acceptance does not imply technical accuracy or reliability. Any use of information in this report is done at the risk of the user. These risks may include catastrophic failure of the device or infringement of patent or copyright laws. California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo and its staff cannot be held liable for any use or misuse of the project. SunPower T0 Washing System Eric Wallace [email protected] Atlund Smith [email protected] David Hohn [email protected] Charlie Joy [email protected] Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Background ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Cleaning Methods ................................................................................................................................. 1 Soiling Methods ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]