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Zograf 41 07 Joksimovic I Deo.Indd Pope Pius II’s charter of donation of the arm of St John the Baptist to Siena cathedral Milena Joksimović, Pula* UDC 27–312.5–526.7 272–732.2Pius II 091(=124)(093.4) DOI 10.2298/ZOG1741095J Оригиналан научни рад In 1464 Pope Pius II donated a precious relic to the cathedral arms of the Sienese Corti family with a bird perched on of Siena, his hometown—the right forearm and hand of St it.v The six-line initial of the invocation is enclosed in a John the Baptist. On that occasion the appropriate document rectangle decorated with vine scroll and incorporated into was drawn up—a donation charter. This paper offers a tran- scription of the Latin text of the charter (furnished with criti- the ornamental border. cal apparatus) and its translations into Serbian and English. The charter was decorated by a well-known illumi- Keywords: Pope Pius II, Enea Silvio Piccolomini, St John the nator of German origin, Giovacchino di Giovanni Sem- Baptist, the Baptist’s right arm, relic, Siena, cathedral, Latin boli. He has been identified as Joachim de Gigantibus, i.e. Joachim Riß aus Rothenburg, pope Pius II’s favourite illuminator who decorated many manuscripts for Siena The chapel of St John the Baptist in Siena enshrines a vi precious relic—the prophet’s right forearm and hand.i The cathedral. His damaged signature is barely visible in relic was a donation that pope Pius II, Enea Silvio Picco- the bottom right corner of the parchment: (Ioach[im] lomini, made to the cathedral of Siena, his hometown, in suprascript[a]│perfe[cit]). Giovacchino was also the scribe 1464. The appropriate document drawn up on that occa- of the charter, as evidenced by a note in Italian specifying sion—a donation charter—testifies to the act and circum- the costs of illuminating and writing in gold ink added stances of the donation and of the value and authenticity below the text of the charter: La miniatura (e la scrittura of the relic. The charter, deposited in a tubular leaden con- in lettere d’oro)│fù eseguita da Giovacchino di Giovanni tainer, and the relic are kept together in a metal casket in Semboli e gli fù pagato│₤ 16 e soldi 16; e i colori e l’oro cos- the chapel.ii This paper offers a transcription of the Latin tarono ₤ 5 e sol. 12. This is further confirmed by the un- text of the charter furnished with an appropriate critical ap- dersigned notaries’ remark that they entrusted the job of writing the charter to another reliable scribe (alteri fideli paratus, and its translations into Serbian and English. The relic is discussed in detail by Danica Popović in her paper scriptori predicta eadem litteris aureis hic supra scribenda which precedes this one in this issue of the Zograf.iii commisimus), as well as by the fact that Giovacchino was a calligraphy teacher.vii The text of the charter is written on parchment with gold ink in humanistic script in forty-two lines. Below it The text of the charter was known to Orlando Ma- is the text of two notarial authentications, the first being lavolti who described the donation of the Baptist’s relic iv to Siena cathedral in a book on the history of Siena in written in three and the second in four lines. The lan- viii guage is Latin. The upper and left margins of the docu- 1599. He relied on the content of the charter but did ment are decorated with a border infilled with coloured not make a transcription of its text in the exact sense vine scroll and zoomorphic motifs (birds and rabbits). In of the word. The most important part of Malavolti’s ac- the middle of the upper ornamental border are two nude count is the transcription and translation of the inscrip- angels holding the coat-of-arms of the city of Siena, while tion on the reliquary in which the Baptist’s arm was en- in the middle of the left ornamental border is the coat-of- cased (see below). Giuseppe Cugnoni compiled and in v G. Gigli, Le arme delle famiglie nobili di Siena, s.l. 1716, 7. I * [email protected] am grateful to Mr Darko Komšo for identifying the coat-of-arms as i D. Popović, in: M. Čanak-Medić, D. Popović, D. Vojvodić, belonging to the Corti family. Manastir Žiča, Beograd 2014, 49–50. vi Siena, in: Enciclopedia Italiana 31, Rome 1936 (A. Mori et al.); ii Ibid., 51. Cignoni Bernardino, in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani 25, Rome iii D. Popović has dealt with the issue of the relic elsewhere as 1981 (A. Cornice); G. Castiglioni, S. Marinelli, Miniatura veronese del well, see D. Popović, A staurotheke of Serbian provenance in Pienza, Rinascimento, Verona 1986, 208, 213; M. Cignoni, Bernardino Cignoni. Zograf 36 (2012) 163, 166; Čanak-Medić, Popović, Vojvodić, Manastir Maestro miniatore del Rinascimento, Florence 1996, 13; R. Black, Žiča, 46–55 (D. Popović). Education and society in Florentine Tuscany I, Leiden–Boston 2007, 59. iv The dimensions of the parchment are unknown for the vii Black, Education and society, 59. reasons described below. viii O. Malavolti, Dell’ historia di Siena III, Venice 1599, 4.68a–b. 95 ЗОГРАФ 41 (2017) [95–105] 1833 published the hitherto unpublished writings of pope standard classical, i.e. neo-Latin linguistic idiom. The let- Pius II and the writings on the pontiff’s life from the Chi- ter j (i longa) is rendered as i. The spelling of the letters u gi Library which was under his charge.ix Those writings, and v follows their phonetic value. In everything else, the which had come to the Chigi library (founded by pope scribe’s usus is respected: the use of e instead of the diph- Alexander VII) from the Piccolomini family library, were thong æ, and of ę instead of œ; the use of i instead of y supplied with various annotations and comments by the (e.g. presbiter, Ciprianus); the omission of doubled conso- author himself and by his nephew, Francesco Todeschini, nants (e.g. Peloponesi, brachium). Scribal usus is respected subsequently pope Pius III.x Among them was the text of even where hypercorrection resulted in the syllable which the donation charter transcribed from a copy appended to was pronounced as tsi being written as ti (e.g. multiplitia, the sixteenth-century edition of pope Pius II’s Commen- benefitia, inditium). Finally, all quotations are emphasized taries.xi In 1929 Cugnoni’s transcription was published by with italics. Fr. Ambroz Bačić in issue no. 9 of the journal Prilozi za The manuscript which was available to us is desig- književnost, jezik i folklor. No translation of the charter nated with S (Sienensis). Its Latin text has been compared into any language has been published to date. with Cugnoni’s edition (C), and all differences between It should be noted that the charter is unavailable for the two are given in footnotes. The names of the persons direct examination. The transcription presented here was mentioned in the charter are given in their original form therefore made from the photograph of the charter which in the footnotes accompanying the translation. was kindly made available to D. Popović by the Archbish- Editorial symbols used are as follows: op of Siena, Msgr. Antonio Buoncristiani, and his secre- tary, Don Enrico Grassini.xii Since the photograph pre- ] separates the lemma from the rest of the text sents only the recto side of the charter, it is not known if [] reconstructed letters and words at damaged there is any writing on the verso, which occurs quite usu- places ally on this type of documents. For the same reason, the <> subsequent corrections made in the text due to dimensions of the charter remain unknown. erasure or damage The text of the charter is not divided into para- {} redundant letters and words graphs. Only parts of the eschatocol, i.e. the signatures of | line break the two notaries entrusted with drawing up the document, (SN) signum notarile – scribal mark are separated from the rest of the text. Since the notaries om. omittit – left out authenticated the document with their own hand, their authentications are in a different hand from that of the text of the charter. Each of the two notarial paragraphs is Transcription of the Latin text of the charter preceded by a notarial sign (signum notarile) in the form of a stylized cross; in the middle of the lower cross is the Sienae Die 6 mensis Maii 1464 letter “L”, the initial of the notary’s name, Laurentius. A Instrumentum donationis brachii sancti Ioannis Baptistae, pencil-written cursive note in Italian added in the lower factae a summo pontifice Pio Secundo ecclesiae cathedrali part of the document specifies the costs of the decora- Senensi tion and of writing in gold ink. The style of the script in In nomine Domini Nostri Iesu Christi, amen. Anno which the note is written suggests a later, probably nine- ab ipsius salutifera incarnatione millesimo quadringentes- teenth– or twentieth-century date. It may be an excerpt imoa sexagesimo quarto, indictione duodecima, pro more transcribed from an archival document. ac ritu tabellionum Senensis civitatisb, die sextoc mensis In transcribing the text of the charter the author Maii,│sedente Sacratissimo pontifice Pio Senensi papa sought to render it as faithfully as possible but also to pro- Secundo, regnante vero <Ch>ristianissimo principe Fed- duce a readable edition. Interventions in the Latin text are erico, Romanorum imperatore semper augusto. reduced to the minimum required by the modern practice Noverint omnes presens publicum instrumentum of diplomatic editing.
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