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9781780747088 a Very Dangerous Woman (312I) 7Th Pass.Indd Iii 05/03/2015 13:13:58 a Oneworld Book More Praise for A Very Dangerous Woman ‘McDonald and Dronfi eld’s summaries of events during the revolu- tionary period make a coherent narrative from a baffl ingly complex series of events.’ Guardian ‘There is an echo of foxy, seductive Scarlett O’Hara about Moura Budberg.’ Herald ‘A thrilling new biography of baroness and double agent Moura Budberg… Brave and multi-faceted, a mosaic monument to a mistress of deceit.’ Russia Beyond the Headlines ‘An astoundingly unbelievable life well retold in this gripping new biography. Well-written too. The book’s account of the Lockhart Aff air is particularly fascinating, recreating the paranoid, anti-Western world that was Soviet Russia in the late 1910s and early 1920s.’ Russian Life ‘A fast-paced story of European intrigue, featuring an enigmatic, strong- willed woman [whose] survival story is fascinating.’ Publishers Weekly ‘An extraordinarily complex story based on a fabulous cache of rich material… the end result really is an example of truth being stranger than fi ction.’ Good Book Guide ‘A rollicking good read.’ Country Life ‘The authors draw on diaries, correspondence, and newly released fi les to create a powerful study that attracts sympathy toward their subject. It also produces a great snapshot of life in Russia during the collapse of the czarist regime through the early part of the Joseph Stalin era.’ Library Journal ‘An incredible, beautifully written story that succeeds not only in giving a powerful insight into the lengths to which some people will go to preserve their very existence, but an absorbing and colourful account of the individuals and events that changed the world in the fi rst half of the twentieth century.’ Susan Ottaway, author of Sisters, Secrets and Sacrifi ce: The True Story of WWII Special Agents Eileen and Jacqueline Nearne ‘Temptress, seductress, sexploiter, call her what you will, Moura had espionage running through her veins, and all is revealed in this fasci- nating account of her mysterious life.’ Nigel West, author of Operation Garbo A Very Dangerous Woman MMP Text.indd i 14/10/2015 17:16:52 99781780747088781780747088 A VeryVery DangerousDangerous WomanWoman (312i)(312i) 6th6th pass.inddpass.indd iiii 005/03/20155/03/2015 110:09:220:09:22 A Very Dangerous Woman THE LIVES, LOVES AND LIES OF RUSSIA’S MOST SEDUCTIVE SPY DEBORAH MCDONALD AND JEREMY DRONFIELD 9781780747088 A Very Dangerous Woman (312i) 7th pass.indd iii 05/03/2015 13:13:58 A Oneworld Book First published in North America, Great Britain and Australia by Oneworld Publications 2015 This paperback edition published 2016 Copyright © Deborah McDonald and Jeremy Dronfi eld 2015 The moral right of Deborah McDonald and Jeremy Dronfi eld to be identifi ed as the Authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library Excerpt from H. G. Wells: Aspects of a Life by Anthony West (Random House, New York). Copyright © 1984 by Anthony West. Reprinted by permission of the Wallace Literary Agency, Inc. Excerpt from Memoirs of a British Agent by R. H. Bruce Lockhart reprinted with the permission of Pen and Sword Books. Excerpt from Retreat from Glory by R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Putnum, London) reprinted by permission of the Marsh Agency. Permission to use part of the poem ‘Moura Budberg on her proposed return to England’ from Out on a limb by Michael Burn (Chatto & Windus, 1973) granted by Watson, Little Ltd Thanks to Simon Calder and his siblings for permission to quote Lord Ritchie Calder. Excerpts from Russia in the Shadows, H.G. Wells in Love, a letter from H. G. Wells to Elizabeth von Arnim, Correspondence of H. G. Wells v3 p513 and a letter from H. G. Wells to Christabel Aberconway, 20 May 1934, quoted in Andrea Lynn, ‘Shadow Lovers’, p. 199-200. Reprinted by permission of United Agents LLP. ISBN 978-1-78074-797-2 ISBN 978-1-78074-709-5 (eBook) Text design and typeset by Hewer text UK Ltd, Edinburgh Printed and bound in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc Oneworld Publications 10 Bloomsbury Street London WC1B 3SR England Visit www.mourabudberg.com for more information about Moura and news about A Very Dangerous Woman. A Very Dangerous Woman MMP Text.indd iv 13/10/2015 17:17:00 Contents Map vii Descendants of Ignatiy Zakrevsky viii Illustration Credits ix Preface xi Prologue 1 Part 1: Flouting All Conventions: 1916–1918 1 The Eve of Revolution 5 2 Choosing Sides 17 3 Red Winter 34 4 The British Agent 41 5 ‘What Children We Were’ 53 6 Passion and Intrigue 65 7 Old Enemies, Strange Alliances 79 8 A Hair’s Breadth from War 92 9 Across the Border 103 Part 2: Love and Survival: 1918–1919 10 The Lockhart Plot 117 11 The Knock on the Door in the Night 132 12 Sacrifi cial OI ering 143 13 The End of Everything . 160 14 Se Mettre en Quatre 169 99781780747088781780747088 A VeryVery DangerousDangerous WomanWoman (312i)(312i) 6th6th pass.inddpass.indd v 005/03/20155/03/2015 110:09:230:09:23 Part 3: In Exile: 1919–1924 15 ‘We’re All Iron Now’ 185 16 Baroness Budberg 202 17 One Perfect Thing 216 Part 4: England: 1924–1946 18 Love and Anger 227 19 Not Such a Fool 244 20 A Cheat and a Liar 260 21 The Mysterious Death of Maxim Gorky 270 22 A Very Dangerous Woman 281 23 ‘Secretly Working for the Russians’ 290 Part 5: Moura’s Salon: 1946–1974 24 The Movie Mogul 305 25 A Russian Patriot 315 26 . The End of Everything 327 Notes 341 Bibliography 384 Index 393 99781780747088781780747088 A VeryVery DangerousDangerous WomanWoman (312i)(312i) 6th6th pass.inddpass.indd vivi 005/03/20155/03/2015 110:09:230:09:23 99781780747088 AVeryDangerousWoman (312i)6thpass.inddvii 7 8 1 7 8 0 7 4 7 0 8 8 A V e r y D a SScalecale ((miles)miles) n g EUROPEEUROPE & e r 0 200 o u MurmanskMurmansk s RUSSRUSSIAIA W o m 1916–19211916–1921 a n ( 3 1 FINLAND 2 i ) 6 t Archangel h SWEDENSWEDEN p a s s . i n d NORWAYNORWAY d TeTerijokirijoki v i i HelsingforsHelsingfors BergenB g StockholmStockholm RevalReval PetrogradPetrograd VologdaVologda YendelYendel YaroslavlYaroslavl RigaRiga RUSSIARUSSIA MoscowMoscow GdanskGdansk DublinDublin BerlinBerlin LondonLondon BeriozoBeriozovavayaya BELGIUMBELGIUM RRudkaudka BrBrusselsussels UKRAINEUKRAINE Frankfurtu KievKiev KharkovKharkov 005/03/2015 10:09:23 5 / 0 3 / 2 0 1 5 1 0 : 0 9 : 2 3 Descendants of Ignatiy Zakrevsky Ignatiy Zakrevsky Maria Boreisha 1839-1905 1858-1919 Marriage : 1876 Platon (Bobik) Zakrevsky Vasily Kochubey Anna (Assia) Zakrevsky 1881-1918 (Hetman connection) 1884- 1883- Maria (Moura) Zakrevsky Alexandra (Alla) Zakrevsky 1893-1974 1884-1960 Djon BenckendorI Baron Nikolai Budberg 1882-1919 1895- Marriage : 1911 Marriage : 1921 Divorce : 1926 V I Trubnikov Arthur Engelhardt Rene Moulin -1927 Marriage : 1912 Tania BenckendorI Pavel (Paul) BenckendorI 1914-2004 1912- Bernard Gustave Alexander Hugh Anthony Clegg Kira Engelhardt 1913-1990 1900-1983 1909-2005 Marriage : 1932 Eulalie Hermance van den Wall Nicholas Clegg (Snr) Nicholas Clegg Miriam González Durántez 1967- 1968- Marriage : 2000 99781780747088781780747088 A VeryVery DangerousDangerous WomanWoman (312i)(312i) 6th6th pass.inddpass.indd viiiviii 005/03/20155/03/2015 110:09:260:09:26 Illustration Credits With kind thanks to Georgi Särekanno the keeper of the Jäneda Museum, to David King, to the Hoover Institution Library, to Peter Lofts, to Allan Warren, and also to the Manuscripts and Special Collections section of the University of Nottingham for granting permission to use their illustrations of Meriel in her nursing uniform and Moura in the snow. Thanks also to Dimitri Collingridge for the use of the photograph of Moura, to the Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University for allowing us to reproduce the photograph of Yakov Peters and to Getty Images, the National Portrait Gallery, the Rare Book and Manuscript Library at the University of Illinois and the Library of Congress for all allowing us to reproduce images. 1 © Deborah McDonald. 2 Wikimedia Commons. Thanks to U A Lora. 3 © Tania Alexander. 4 © Buchanan Collection, Manuscripts and Special Collections, University of Nottingham. BU B 8/1/43/4. 5 Wikimedia Commons. Thanks to fi reramsey. 6 © Georgi Särekanno, private collection. 7 RN Museum © Trustees of the Royal Navy Submarine Museum 8 R N Museum © Trustees of the Royal Navy Submarine Museum 9 © Buchanan Collection, Manuscripts and Special Collections, University of Nottingham.BU B 8/1/56/2. 10 © Georgi Särekanno, curator of the Jäneda Museum, and by kind permission of Enno Must. 11 Wikimedia Commons. RIA Novosti archive, image 6464/RIA Novosti/CC-BY-SA 12 Robert H. B. Lockhart Papers, Box 9, Folder 12, Hoover 99781780747088781780747088 A VeryVery DangerousDangerous WomanWoman (312i)(312i) 6th6th pass.inddpass.indd ixix 005/03/20155/03/2015 110:09:260:09:26 x a very dangerous woman Institution Archives. Courtesy of Hoover Institution Library & Archives, Stanford University. 13 © David King Collection. 14 Robert H. B. Lockhart Papers, Box 10, Folder 17, Hoover Institution Archive. Courtesy of Hoover Institution Library & Archives, Stanford University. 15 © National Portrait Gallery. 16 By kind permission of Dimitri Collingridge 17 ©Tania Alexander 18 © Georgi Särekanno, Jäneda Museum. 19 Robert H B Lockhart Papers, Box 9, Folder 20, Hoover Institution Archives. Courtesy of Hoover Institution Library & Archives, Stanford University. 20 Courtesy of the Rare Book & Manuscript Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 21 © Tania Alexander. 22 © David King Collection. 23 © National Portrait Gallery, London. 24 © Getty Images. 25 © Peter Lofts collection RM004. 26 © Courtesy of the Library of Congress.
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