DOCSLIB.ORG

INSECTS 217.244.5166, Or E-Mail Topic [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INSECTS 217.244.5166, Or E-Mail Topic Acesnews@Uiuc.Edu Pest Management & Crop Development Bulletin • No. 13/ June 20, 1997 Hot Topics! European corn borer injury and larvae found in central Illinois. European corn borer larvae have been detected in the whorl leaves of corn plants in Macon County. In addition to early instars, fresh egg masses were found in the same field. Moth flights have been reported throughout the state; and, in some pheromone traps, moth captures were impressive. Growers are encouraged to accelerate their scouting activities for potential firstgeneration corn borer injury during the next several weeks. Even for those growers who planted transgenic Bt corn, we suggest a scouting trip or two across these fields. This page. Corn rootworm eggs have hatched. Our colleagues at Purdue Uni- versity indicate that corn rootworm egg hatch has occurred. The hatch is about 1 day behind last year’s hatch. So, the trend of delayed hatches continues. Growers who planted in early to mid-April and used a soil insecticide should be alert to potential larval injury. Simi- FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE lar to last season, we anticipate that larvae will extend their root- No. 13/ June 20, 1997 feeding activities well past mid-July. This will increase the likelihood of performance problems for some soil insecticides. Producers Executive editor: Kevin Steffey, should be alert for signs of larval injury such as lodging of corn Extension Entomologist plants. Page 111. Web subscriptions available: http://www.ag.uiuc.edu/cespubs/pest/ For subscription information, phone Hot INSECTS 217.244.5166, or e-mail Topic [email protected] European Corn Borer Moth In This Issue Captures Impressive in Some Sites ❏ European Corn Borer Moth Cap- The 1997 European corn borer season lurched forward during the tures Impressive in Some Sites, 109 past week! Steve Wendzel with Crop Production Services, Galesburg, ❏ Western Corn Rootworm Eggs Illinois, is monitoring the corn borer flight with 19 pheromone traps Have Hatched! 111 located in western counties. Beginning in early June, moth captures ❏ Egg Counts in East-Central Illi- were common in many of Steve’s traps; and, by June 5 through June nois Soybean Fields, 112 13, numbers were very respectable in some traps. Wayne Buhler, an ❏ The Good Guys Are Here! 112 entomologist with Purdue University, is using numerous pheromone ❏ WorldWide Web Addresses for traps in an experiment located in east-central Illinois and, during the IPM, Environmental, and second week of June, collected 195 moths in one of his traps. Wayne Pesticide-Related Issues, 113 indicated that he caught moths for the first time this season in Benton ❏ IPM Adoption: How Far Along the Continuum Are We? 113 County, Indiana, on June 4. Doug Gucker, Piatt County Extension Service, reports that he has been observing European corn borer ❏ Preharvest Weed Control Treat- ments for Wheat, 114 moths since June 5 in action sites. Dave Feltes and Jim Morrison, ❏ Replanting Herbicide-Resistant/ Extension Service educators, also have observed moths in northwest- Tolerant Soybeans, 114 ern Illinois counties since approximately June 4. On June 17, Howard ❏ Controlling Waterhemp in Large Brown, an agronomist with Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. re- Corn, 115 ported that a cornfield near Niantic, Macon County, had whorl-feed- ❏ One More Caution, 115 ing injury and active early instar European corn borers in the whorls. ❏ Scab of Wheat, 115 Howard also found egg masses on several plants. Corn borer season ❏ Pesticide Safety Education Pro- is under way! gram Information, 116 109 Pest Management & Crop Development Bulletin • No. 13/ June 13, 1997 Table 1. Projected degree-day accumulations (developmental threshold of 50o F) from initial capture of moths in the spring to first occurrence of life stage or activity of first-generation European corn borers (from European Corn Borer: Ecology and Management, NCR Publication no. 327, Iowa State University, Ames). Accumulated First General activity Projected date Projected date Projected date degree-days occurrence for Northern for Central for Southern of event Illinois Illinois Illinois (first (first moth (first moth moth capture, capture, 6/7) capture, 6/1) 5/24) 212 Egg hatch Pinhole leaf feeding June 19 June 15 June 7 (first instar) 318 Second instar Shot-hole leaf feeding June 24 June 20 June 14 435 Third instar Midrib and stalk boring June 29 June 25 June 19 567 Fourth instar Stalk boring July 5 June 30 June 24 792 Fifth instar Stalk boring July 15 July 9 July 2 1,002 Pupa Changing to adult July 23 July 17 July 10 In an earlier issue of this Bulletin (no. These projections are based upon heat units by June 15. This projection 11, June 6), we provided a table that average historical temperatures for matches very nicely with Howard offered some information on European each of these regions of the state. The Brown’s observation in Macon corn borer lifecycle events based upon information that Scott has provided County. accumulated degree-days. Bob Scott, appears to be right on track. For in- Illinois State Water Survey, has pro- stance, we should expect to find first- How do I scout for the first generation vided (Table 1) some projections for instar larvae and egg hatch in central of European corn borers? When corn these corn borer development events Illinois by June 15. This is based upon plants have an extended leaf height of based upon first captures of moths in an initial capture of moths on June 1 15 inches, scouting should begin in northern, central, and southern Illinois. and a projected accumulation of 212 earnest. If possible, examine at least Figure 1. Management worksheet for first-generation corn borer. 110 Pest Management & Crop Development Bulletin • No. 13/ June 20, 1997 than sprays for controlling first-gen- eration corn borer larvae in the whorls, unless the sprays can be directed right over the rows. Mike Gray and Kevin Steffey, Extension Entomologists, (217)3336652 Hot Topic Western Corn Rootworm Eggs Have Hatched! Figure 2. Body lengths and prothoracic shield widths for instars of the Euro- John Obermeyer, an entomologist with pean corn borer. Purdue University, confirmed recently that corn rootworm eggs have hatched in Indiana. Entomologists at Purdue 20 consecutive plants in each of five you should fill out a management have used root-staining techniques for random areas for every 40 to 50 acres worksheet and make the appropriate many years to spot first-instar corn within a field. In very large fields, it decision (Figure 2). rootworm larvae feeding internally will be more practical (although less within corn roots. Egg hatch this sea- precise) to examine 25 consecutive In using Figure 1, keep these points in son occurred approximately one day plants in each of five random areas for mind. Prothoracic width is preferable later than last year’s delayed egg hatch every 80 acres. It’s also a good idea to for determining instars because less of June 12. This shouldn’t be a sur- walk at least 100 feet into the field variation is associated with this mea- prise, based upon the slow accumula- before sampling. If more than one surement than body length. Note that tion of soil heat units that we have variety of corn is being grown or if the unshaded portion of the body- reported in several earlier issues of different planting dates occurred length scale represents the upper range this season’s Bulletin. The following within the same field, it is important to in length of each instar. Also, note the equation might be worth paying close consider each section as a separate brackets around stages 4 and 5; these attention to. field when scouting. Plants should be two instars usually are found tunneling checked for fresh whorl-feeding dam- in the stalks. Consequently, they can- Early Planting + Delayed Corn age, and the percent of infested plants not be controlled with insecticides. Rootworm Egg Hatch + Cool, Wet calculated. For every 20 to 25 plants Spring + Extended Larval If control of an infestation of Euro- examined, remove the whorl leaves Feeding Period = Potential pean corn borers is justified, you can from two plants and check for the Soil-Insecticide Problems select among several insecticides presence of live borers (Figure 1). (Table 2) that provide essentially Growers should examine root systems This allows you to estimate the aver- equivalent control. Remember, for the presence of corn rootworm age number of borers per infested granulars are usually more effective larvae later this month and look for plant. After the field has been scouted, any signs of root injury throughout early July. Several soil insecticides are Table 2. Suggested insecticides for first-generation European corn borer in field corn. labeled for use as cultivation rescue treatments and include: Counter CR, Insecticide Amount of product per acre Placement Dyfonate II 15G, Force 1.5G and 3G, *Ambush 2E 6.4 to 12. 8 oz broadcast Furadan 4F, Lorsban 15G and 4E, and Dyfonate II 15G 4 to 8 oz per 1,000 ft row over whorls Thimet 15G and 20G. Cultivation Dyfonate II 15G 5 to 6.75 lb broadcast treatments generally perform less Lorsban 4E 1-1/2 to 2 pt broadcast Lorsban 15G 5 to 6.5 lb broadcast satisfactorily than planting-time treat- Lorsban 15G 3.5 to 8 oz per 1,000 ft row over whorls ments; however, this season, with corn *Penncap-M 2 pt over whorls development lagging and a delayed *Penncap-M 3 to 4 pt broadcast *Pounce 1.5G 6.7 to 13.3 lb broadcast corn rootworm egg hatch in progress, *Pounce 3.2EC 4 to 8 oz broadcast rescue treatments may be required in *Warrior 1EC 2.56 to 3.84 oz broadcast some fields.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fusarium Graminearum ~4(Final)-1
    MARCH 2016 Fusarium graminearum (Fusarium Head Blight ) T. Kelly Turkington1, Andrew Petran2, Tania Yonow3,4, and Darren J. Kriticos3,4 1 Lacombe Research Centre and Beaverlodge Research Farm, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada 2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA 3 HarvestChoice, InSTePP, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA 4 CSIRO, Biosecurity and Agriculture Flagships, Canberra, Australia Background Information Introduction Common Names: Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella Fusarium head blight; FHB, head blight of maize zeae (Schweinitz) Petch], is of world‐wide importance on small grain cereals and corn, occurring under a wide Scientiic Name: range of soil and environmental conditions (CAB Fusarium graminearum (anamorph = asexual stage), International 2003; Gilchrist and Dubin 2002; Parry et al. Gibberella zeae (teleomorph = sexual stage) 1995; Stack 2003). Since the early 1990s, fusarium head blight (FHB) caused primarily by F. graminearum has Synonyms: become one of the most signiicant cereal diseases faced Botryosphaeria saubinetii, Dichomera saubinetii, by producers in central Canada and the prairie region, Dothidea zeae, Fusarium roseum, Gibbera saubinetii, and the midwestern United States (e.g., Gilbert and Gibberella roseum, Gibberella saubinetii, Sphaeria Tekauz 2000; McMullen et al. 1997b; Tekauz et al. 2000). saubinetii, Sphaeria zeae Fusarium graminearum was identiied by CIMMYT to be a Taxonomy: major limiting factor to wheat production in many parts Kingdom: Animalia; Phylum: Ascomycota; of the world (Stack 1999). The fungus can produce Class: Sordariomycetes; Order: Hypocreales; several mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON) and Family: Nectriaceae zearalenone. In non‐ruminants, feed contaminated with DON can reduce growth rates, while zearalenone can Crop Hosts: cause reproductive problems (Charmley et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Cannons: Explosive Spore Discharge in the Ascomycota Frances Trail
    MINIREVIEW Fungal cannons: explosive spore discharge in the Ascomycota Frances Trail Department of Plant Biology and Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Correspondence: Frances Trail, Department Abstract Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/femsle/article/276/1/12/593867 by guest on 24 September 2021 of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Tel.: 11 517 The ascomycetous fungi produce prodigious amounts of spores through both 432 2939; fax: 11 517 353 1926; asexual and sexual reproduction. Their sexual spores (ascospores) develop within e-mail: [email protected] tubular sacs called asci that act as small water cannons and expel the spores into the air. Dispersal of spores by forcible discharge is important for dissemination of Received 15 June 2007; revised 28 July 2007; many fungal plant diseases and for the dispersal of many saprophytic fungi. The accepted 30 July 2007. mechanism has long been thought to be driven by turgor pressure within the First published online 3 September 2007. extending ascus; however, relatively little genetic and physiological work has been carried out on the mechanism. Recent studies have measured the pressures within DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00900.x the ascus and quantified the components of the ascus epiplasmic fluid that contribute to the osmotic potential. Few species have been examined in detail, Editor: Richard Staples but the results indicate diversity in ascus function that reflects ascus size, fruiting Keywords body type, and the niche of the particular species. ascus; ascospore; turgor pressure; perithecium; apothecium. 2 and 3). Each subphylum contains members that forcibly Introduction discharge their spores.
    [Show full text]
  • Crop Profile for Corn in Michigan
    Crop Profile for Corn in Michigan Prepared Feb, 2002 General Production Information ● Michigan ranked 11th nationally in 2000 for corn grain production (44). ● Michigan contributed 2.4% to the total US production of corn in 2000 (44). ● The total acreage planted in Michigan was 2,200,000 acres in 2000, down 100,000 acres from 1998 (44). ● Total grain corn production for Michigan in 2000 was 244,280,000 bushels, down 4% from 1999 (44). ● Grain corn harvested in 2000 for Michigan was 1,97,000 acres (44). ● Silage corn harvested in 2000 for Michigan was 225,000 acres with an average yield of 14 tons per acre (44). ● Corn grain production was valued at $612 million in 1997, $432.3 million in 1998, $451 million in 1999 and 464 million in 2000 (44). ● The average bushels/acre was 117 in 1997, 111 in 1998, 130 bushels in 1999, and 124 bushels in 2000 (43, 44). ● Corn continued to be Michigan's number one crop in value of production (44). PRODUCTION REGIONS: Corn is Michigan's number one crop in both acreage planted and value of production. The top five counties in corn production in 2000 were Huron, St Joseph, Lenawee, Sanilac and Saginaw. In 1998 they were Huron, Sanilac, Clinton, Ionia and Allegan counties and in 1999 Huron, Saginaw, Sanilac, Tuscola and Lenawee counties (43, 44). The Crop Profile/PMSP database, including this document, is supported by USDA NIFA. Cultural Practices Corn can be grown on most soils in Michigan but does best on well drained soils. Soils classified as poorly drained are also suitable for corn production if they are tile drained.
    [Show full text]
  • A Genetic Map of Gibberella Zeae (Fusarium Graminearum)
    Copyright 2002 by the Genetics Society of America A Genetic Map of Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum) J. E. Jurgenson,* R. L. Bowden,† K. A. Zeller,† J. F. Leslie,†,1 N. J. Alexander‡ and R. D. Plattner‡ *Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614, †Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502 and ‡Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604 Manuscript received November 1, 2001 Accepted for publication December 26, 2001 ABSTRACT We constructed a genetic linkage map of Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum) by crossing complemen- tary nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants of G. zeae strains R-5470 (from Japan) and Z-3639 (from Kansas). We selected 99 nitrate-utilizing (recombinant) progeny and analyzed them for amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). We used 34 pairs of two-base selective AFLP primers and identified 1048 polymor- cM 1300ف phic markers that mapped to 468 unique loci on nine linkage groups. The total map length is with an average interval of 2.8 map units between loci. Three of the nine linkage groups contain regions in which there are high levels of segregation distortion. Selection for the nitrate-utilizing recombinant progeny can explain two of the three skewed regions. Two linkage groups have recombination patterns that are consistent with the presence of intercalary inversions. Loci governing trichothecene toxin amount and type (deoxynivalenol or nivalenol) map on linkage groups IV and I, respectively. The locus governing the type of trichothecene produced (nivalenol or deoxynivalenol) cosegregated with the TRI5 gene (which encodes trichodiene synthase) and probably maps in the trichothecene gene cluster.
    [Show full text]
  • Gibberella and Fusarium Ear Rots of Maize in Hawai'i
    Plant Disease August 2014 PD-102 Gibberella and Fusarium Ear Rots of Maize in Hawai‘i Mark Dragich and Scot Nelson Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences wo distinct ear rot diseases of By 2006 the value of the corn maize (corn, Zea mays L.) in industry in Hawai‘i had increased by Hawai‘iT are caused by similar plant over 13,000% compared with 40 years pathogens. The fungus Gibberella previous, and it has almost doubled zeae or its asexual stage, Fusarium again since then (Hawaii Annual Stat. graminearum, causes Gibberella Bull., Proctor et al. 2010). In 2012 ear rot of maize. Fusarium ear the total value of corn production in rot of maize, however, is caused Hawai‘i was nearly 250 million dollars by Fusarium verticillioides. This (Hawaii Annual Stat. Bull.). Under fungal pathogen is also known as certain weather conditions, however, F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, large losses from ear rots can occur. and F. subglutinans as well as In this paper we discuss the patho- their sexual stages, which are dif- gens, symptoms they produce, and ferent mating types of Gibberella integrated management practices for fujikuroi. These diseases have a these diseases. worldwide distribution and are present in all climates where corn Pathogens is grown. They are of sporadic Gibberella ear rot Gibberella zeae is the sexual stage importance in Hawai‘i. However, (teleomorph) of the pathogen causing these ear rots are the most impor- Gibberella ear rot of corn. It is an as- tant problem facing the production and development of comycete fungus, which means it produces ascospores in new sweet and waxy corns in the tropics (J.
    [Show full text]
  • Research.Pdf (2.916Mb)
    INFLUENCES OF COMBINATORIALLY SELECTED PEPTIDES ON INHIBITION OF GIBBERELLA ZEAE SPORE GERMINATION AND CYTOLOGICAL MODIFICATION OF EMERGING GERM-TUBES _______________________________________ A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science _____________________________________________________ by NATHAN WILSON GROSS Professor James T English, Thesis Supervisor JULY 2012 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled Influences of Combinatorially Selected Peptides on Inhibition of Gibberella zeae Spore Germination and Cytological Modification of Emerging Germ-Tubes presented by Nathan W Gross, a candidate for the degree of master of science, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor James T English Professor James E Schoelz Professor Francis J Schmidt ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Jim English, for the help, encouragement, and patience he generously gave throughout my student experience. I would also like to thank my committee, consisting of Professors Jim Schoelz and Frank Schmidt, for their technical guidance and critical eye. Additionally, much of what I have learned in regards to laboratory skill can be attributed to Dr Zhiwei Fang. I would like to thank Professor Frances Trail from Michigan State University for supplying Gibberella zeae PH-1 and for guiding me through the culturing of perithecia. My work relied heavily on the University of Missouri Molecular Cytology and DNA-Sequencing core facilities. I would like to thank the university for providing these tools and their staff for excellent work and technical assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Stenocarpella Maydis: Identification, Management, and Population Diversity Martha P
    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 4-2016 Stenocarpella Maydis: Identification, Management, and Population Diversity Martha P. Romero Luna Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Romero Luna, Martha P., "Stenocarpella Maydis: Identification, Management, and Population Diversity" (2016). Open Access Dissertations. 699. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/699 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Martha Patricia Romero Luna Entitled STENOCARPELLA MAYDIS: IDENTIFICATION, MANAGEMENT, AND POPULATION DIVERSITY For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Is approved by the final examining committee: Kiersten A. Wise Chair Charles Woloshuk Mary. C. Aime James J. Camberato To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Approved by Major Professor(s): Kiersten A. Wise Approved by: Peter B. Goldsbrough 4/11/2016 Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date i STENOCARPELLA MAYDIS: IDENTIFICATION, MANAGEMENT, AND POPULATION DIVERSITY A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Martha P. Romero Luna In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2016 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii Dedico esta tesis a mi familia.
    [Show full text]
  • 201700153.Pdf
    Continuation Page from ST – 470 (Application for Plant Variety Protection Certificate) 22. CONTINUED FROM FRONT (Please provide a statement as to the limitation and sequence of generations that may be certified.) 201700153 23. CONTINUED FROM FRONT (Please provide the date of first sale, disposition, transfer, or use for each country and the circumstances, if the variety (including any harvested material) or a hybrid produced from this variety has been sold, disposed of, transferred, or used in the U.S. or other countries.) 24. CONTINUED FROM FRONT (Please give the country, date of filing or issuance, and assigned reference number, if the variety or any component of the variety is protected by intellectual property right (Plant Breeder's Right or Patent).) U.S. Patent Application date: March 31, 2016 - Serial No. 15/086545 ST - 470 (2012) designed by the Plant Variety Protection Office Page 7 of 10 CLARIFICATION OF DATA IN EXHIBITS B AND C Please note the data presented in Exhibit B and C, "Objective Description of Variety," are collected in Johnston, Iowa. The quantitative data presented in Exhibit B are from two sample t-tests using data collected during the two growing 201700153 seasons shown, 2015 and 2016. Qualitative trait data are presented from environments where the data best represents the variety(ies). The traits in Exhibit B collectively show distinct differences between the two varieties. For each given year of data collection, our experimental design was arranged so entries with similar maturities were planted side by side with one replication of the new variety grown in each environmental location.
    [Show full text]
  • Fusarium As Gibberella
    Exhibit 2c, 155 Samuels, G. J., H. I. Nirenberg, and K. A. Seifert. 2001. Perithecial species of Fusarium. Pp. 1-14. In: Summerell, B.A., J.F. Leslie, D. Backhouse and W.L. Bryden. Fusarium: Paul E. Nelson Memorial Symposium. APS Press Perithecial species of Gibberella Gary J. Samuels United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Helgard I. Nirenberg Biologische Bundesanstalt, Institut für Mikrobiologie, 14195 Berlin, Germany Keith A. Seifert1 Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada 1Contribution number 981282.1248 from the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre Samuels et al./ Gibberella 2 INTRODUCTION In the last decade, the ability to characterize long stretches of the nuclear ribosomal DNA molecule has demonstrated conclusively that asexual fungi can often be phylogenetically incorporated among the Ascomycetes (e.g. Lobuglio et al., 1993; Kuhls et al., 1997). Guadet et al. (1989) clearly showed this to be true for Fusarium. These authors confirmed what was already known from classical work: that while Fusarium is restricted to the Hypocreales, it is polyphyletic because species of the anamorph genus are anamorphs of different teleomorph genera of that order (see review in O’Donnell, 1996). Because the type species of Fusarium, F. sambucinum Fuckel, is the anamorph of Gibberella pulicaris (Fr.) Sacc., Fusarium s. str. is the anamorphic or mitotic state of Gibberella. Furthermore, DNA sequence analyses have shown that asexual species such as F. oxysporum are actually asexual Gibberella species (Guadet et al., 1989; O’Donnell et al., 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Detection, Identification and Quantification of Fusarium
    atholog P y & nt a M l i P c f r o o b l Sanoubar et al., J Plant Pathol Microb 2015, 6:7 i Journal of a o l n o r g u DOI: 10.4172/2157-7471.1000287 y o J ISSN: 2157-7471 Plant Pathology & Microbiology Research Article Open Access Detection, Identification and Quantification of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum in Wheat Kernels by PCR Techniques Rabab Sanoubar1*, Astrid Bauer2 and Luitgardis Seigner2 1Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty, Damascus University, Syria 2Iinstitute of Plant protection (Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft Institut für Pflanzenschutz, LfL), Freising, Germany Abstract This study was carried out on 172 samples of winter wheat. The samples consisted of various cultivars that had been randomly collected from farmers’ fields in different areas of Bavaria, South Germany. The objectives of this study were detecting the presence of Tri-5 gene producing fungus that generates trichothecene mycotoxins, especially Deoxynivalenol (DON), by using conventional qualitative PCR; determining the correlation between the presence of Tri-5 gene and DON content; evaluating the Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum infection by Real-Time PCR and estimating the correlation between DON content and the severity of F. graminearum and F. culmorum contamination. This study showed that 86% of all infected samples had a Tri-5 gene and amplified a single 544bp fragment associated with a detectable amount of DON (ranged from 10 to 2990 µg kg-1). This study demonstrated that F. graminearum is the predominant species associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) and was considered as the predominant trichothecene producer that associated with FHB since there was a highly significant correlation (R2=0.7) between DON and F.
    [Show full text]
  • Heading for Disaster: Fusarium Graminearum on Cereal Crops
    MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2004) 5(6), 515–525 DOI: 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2004.00252.X Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. Pathogen profile Heading for disaster: Fusarium graminearum on cereal crops RUBELLA S. GOSWAMI AND H. CORBY KISTLER* USDA ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA ation that can be similar to that caused by other kernel blighting SUMMARY organisms. During prolonged wet periods, pink to salmon-orange The rapid global re-emergence of Fusarium head blight disease of spore masses of the fungus are often seen on infected spikelets, wheat and barley in the last decade along with contamination of glumes and kernels in both wheat and barley. For maize ear rot, grains with mycotoxins attributable to the disease have spurred infection occurs by way of colonizing silk and thus symptoms first basic research on the fungal causal agent. As a result, Fusarium appear at the ear apex. White mycelium, turning pink to red with graminearum quickly has become one of the most intensively time, colonizes kernels and may progress basipetally, covering studied fungal plant pathogens. This review briefly summarizes the entire ear. current knowledge on the pathogenicity, population genetics, Useful websites: www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/fungi/ evolution and genomics of Fusarium graminearum. fusarium/mips.gsf.de/genre/proj/fusarium/ Taxonomy: Based on the sexual state Gibberella zeae www.cdl.umn.edu/scab/gz-consort.html (Schwein.) Petch: Superkingdom Eukaryota; Kingdom Fungi; www.scabusa.org/ Phylum Ascomycota; Subphylum Pezizomycotina; Class Sordario- mycetidae; Subclass Hypocreomycetidae; Order Hypocreales; Family Nectriaceae; Genus Gibberella.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Typification of Gibberella Zeae
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sydowia Jahr/Year: 1996 Band/Volume: 48 Autor(en)/Author(s): Seifert Keith A. Artikel/Article: Notes on the typification of Gibberella zeae. 83-89 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Notes on the typification of Gibberella zeae Keith A. Seifert' Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada Seifert, K. A. (1995). Notes on the typification of Gibberella zeae. - Sydowia 48 (1): 83-89. Two isotype specimens of Gibberella zeae were examined, and a lectotype at Kew is selected. Illustrations and a description of the lectotype demonstrate that the contemporary usage of the name is accurate. The second isotype in Philadelphia lacks diagnostic fungal structures. There is no specimen in the Fries herbarium at Uppsala. Keywords: taxonomy, lectotype, Fusarium graminearum. In 1985, a Subcommittee on Fusarium Systematics was estab- lished by the International Society for Plant Pathology. Part of the terms of reference of this subcommittee is to examine the available type specimens of all described Fusarium species and their associated teleomorphs. The intention is to stabilize nomenclature by deter- mining whether the type specimens actually represent the species that are currently designated by the names. There are several challanges inherent in this task. The first is locating the type specimens, a pro- cess that is problematic for some Fusarium workers who lack classical taxonomic training. The second is interpreting herbarium specimens on natural substrates in the context of a modern taxonomy based almost entirely on in vitro characters.
    [Show full text]