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Melisew Shibabaw Et Al., International Journal of Research in Engineering

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Melisew Shibabaw Et Al., International Journal of Research in Engineering Dr. Ajay Kumar Ranjan, International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, ISSN 2250-0588, Impact Factor: 6.452, Volume 08 Issue 08, August 2018, Page 276-279 Impact of Science and Technology and PPP in Rural Development in India Dr. Ajay Kumar Ranjan (Assistant Professor, Dept. of Sociology, R.N.Y.M. College, Barhi, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India) Abstract: The Concept of rural is very comprehensive. Since independence the issue of Rural development has always been the first priority of Policy makers. Around 65% of the country Population living in the rural area. People in the rural area still deprived of many basic facilities. Rural Development which is concerned with social justice with equitable economic growth, improving the life conditions of the rural inhabitants by providing better health care, education and quality service delivery becomes essentials. The impact of Science and Technology and the role of Public Private Partnership (PPP) are playing an important role towards rural development. Keywords: Rural Development, Science and Technology, Public Private Partnership India is the 2nd largest population country in the world. It is also the fastest growing economy of the world. About 65% of the population living the rural area. Time has passed government changes but the fate of rural development has not been changed. On the other hand if we see the contribution Villages are nation’s backbone which is necessary for the growth of a country as they provide us the basic amenities. But still the problems remain the same. The problem is not merely one of development of rural areas but of the development of rural communities to dispel ignorance and poverty and create self-reliant and self-sustaining healthy modern little communities. Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of people living in rural areas, often relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Rural development actions are intended to further the social and economic development of rural communities. Rural development programs have historically been top-down from local or regional authorities, regional development agencies, NGOs, national governments or international development organizations. Local populations can also bring about endogenous initiatives for development. Development is above all a human process and not just a mechanical or technological change. The goal of development is to enrich the quality of life, both individual and collective and its universalization in terms of minimal, if not equal, availability to all sections of the population. Recently the ministry for rural development has made certain rules and rights such that villagers should get equal benefits. Government of India has introduced project Bharat Nirman in collaboration with panchayat raj and state government. Bharat Nirman is a spectacular project which helps to raise the standard of living of villagers. Gandhian Model of Rural Development: “Gandhiji concept of rural development is uplift of the common man. A common man is developing is uplift of the life village have developed. He realised the need for integrated rural development and believe that education and health. Education is knowledge of power and health is stamina of person and society, his approach of rural development which would be non - violent. Self - governed, self – sufficient in regard to food, clothing, and shelter in rural areas through reduce the rural poverty. He focused his attention of agriculture and Non – Agriculture aspect of rural economy through all-round development of rural India. Remove the untouchability, Caste and social evil and give the rights of people, which are enhancing social and political status.”1 Rural Development Approaches in India S.no Approach Emphasis Programes 1. Multi-Purpose Approach All round development of villages Community Development based on self-help and self- Programe (1952) reliance 2. Sectoral Approach Intensive development of selected Intensive Agricultural sectors namely, age/culture with District Programme (IADP) concentration in area of (1960) comparative advantage 3. Target Approach Growth with social justice for Small Farmers Development promotion of weaker section of Agency (SFDA), Marginal rural area Farmers Development Agency (MFDA), Antyodaya.(1971) 4. Area Development Spatial planning and reduction of Command Area Development Approach regional Programme (CADP) (1974) http://indusedu.org Page 276 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Dr. Ajay Kumar Ranjan, International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, ISSN 2250-0588, Impact Factor: 6.452, Volume 08 Issue 08, August 2018, Page 276-279 imbalance 5. Basic Need Approach Equalisation of social Minimum needs programme consumption (MNP) (1972) 6. Employment Removal of unemployment, Integrated rural development oriented Poverty through sectoral and programme TRYSEM, (1979) integrated rural area integration DWCRA, Jawahar development RozgarYojana, (1989) Indira A was Yojana, Employment Assurance Scheme, SGSY,(1985) DDP, DPAP, (1970) National Rural Employment Assurance (2006) Source: Lalith, N. (2004) “Rural Development in India Emerging Issues and trends”, Dominant Publications, New Delhi.2 The Role of Science and Technology in Rural Development Science and Technology has played a very important role in Rural Development. The use of Science and Technology has given different machines to be used in Farming. The green revolution of the 1970s was in fact powered by the scientific work in various agricultural research institutes. Now our Farmers have removed the tradition mode of farming which causes more time and labour. They are now using new machines like Tractors for sowing the seeds; machines are also used for cutting and thrashing crops. The spread of mass media, Smart Phone has changed the face of village. Science has extended the frontiers of our knowledge in various ways and various directions. It has enabled us to fight natural calamities and revolutionized industrial and agricultural processes. Science has revolutionized in the field of agriculture, transport and communication. This has directly or indirectly impacted the rural life. For Rural Development in India, advances in computing power, biotechnology and GIS are helping rural growth, Inclusive agriculture and other sectors to progress at speeds which were previously inconceivable. “The Scientific Policy Resolution adopted by the Government of India late in March 1958, had emphasized the powerful role of science and technology in the development of the country as indicated below: “The key to national prosperity, apart from the spirit of the people lies, in the modern age, in the effective combination of three factors, technology, raw materials and capital, of which the first Role of Science and Technology in Making Rural India Shine 61 is perhaps the most important, since the creation and adoption of new scientific techniques can, in fact, make up for a deficiency in natural resources, and reduce the demands on capital. But technology can only grow out of the study of science and its application.” In the last decades there has been a major effort to implement the spirit of the Scientific Policy Resolution (SPR). However, due to various reasons, and particularly the large and continuing increase in population it has not been possible to truly bring about an impact of scientific advances on the life of the people to the extent expected, but the desire to do so has been there throughout.”3 Through the Digital India Programe GOI is working to transform the face of rural life. In 2016 Prime Minister of India introduced a new national policy to double Farmer's incomes by 2022. It target poverty reduction, food security and climate change. Through GOI’s Goods and Services Tax (GST) system, to establish a uniform interface for taxpayers with a common IT infrastructure, shared between the central government and the states. Digital India’s strategic cornerstones, the Common Services Centres, are meant to provide access points for delivery of various electronic services to villages, to promote digital and financial inclusion, encourage rural entrepreneurship, and build rural capacities and livelihoods, offering a bottom-up approach to social change. GOI also launched a crop insurance scheme, the Pradhan MantriFasalBimaYojana (PMFBY) in 2016, which now covers 37 million farmers. In the case of health care the government-appointed ASHA workers can be enabled with a tablet or smartphone device that can not only help out people with online doctor consultation, but also provide critical health information to people, especially expecting mothers. “Applications of science and Technology in shining rural India” 4 It is intended to briefly give here some examples of technological developments which can have a direct impact on rural society. The key areas would include: In the context of agriculture, there are five key services or functions that are very closely related to S&T: Access to information through different types of Agricultural Information Systems (AIS); monitoring the situation of natural resources and environmental impact through different Information Processing Tools (i.e. analysis of environment deterioration, soil erosion, deforestation, etc.); Education and Communication Technologies that are playing a very important role in generating new approaches to learning and knowledge management; http://indusedu.org
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