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A Study of the World's Naval Surface-To-Air Missile Defense Systems

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A Study of the World's Naval Surface-To-Air Missile Defense Systems Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1984 A study of the world's naval surface-to-air missile defense systems. Saraparung, Sukij http://hdl.handle.net/10945/19583 DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY NAVAL POSTGRADUATE £ Z MONTEREY, CALIFORIJI ' 3 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS A STUDY OF THE WORLD'S NAVAL SURFACE--TO -AIR MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEMS by Sukij Saraparung December 198 4 Thesis Ad visor: Robert E. Ball Approved for public release; distribution unlimited T223025 Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whan Data Ents READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM I. REPORT NUMBEI 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT 4 PERIOD COVEREO A Study of the World's Naval Master's Thesis; December 1984 Sur face-to-Air Missile Defense Systems 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHORCs; 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERS Saraparung, Sukij 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Naval Postgraduate School Monterev, CA 9 394 3 II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND AODRESS 12. REPORT DATE Naval Postgraduate School December 19 8 4 13. NUMBER OF PAGES 9 3943 Monterey, CA 236 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 4 AOOHESS(lt different from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS, (ot this report) Unclassified 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol this Report) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the abstract entered In Block 20, It different from Report) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WORDS fConlinue on reverse aide II necessary and Identity by block number) Shipborne Sur face-to-Air Missile (SAM) 20. ABSTRACT fCondnus verse aide II necessary and Identity by block The shipborne surface-to-air missile (SAM) system of the US Navy, French Navy, Royal Navy, Italian Navy, Canadian Navy, Israeli Navy, and Soviet Navy are examined. For each SAM system, the details of the physical make-up, the target detection and tracking, the missile guidance, the warhead, and the missile performance are presented. Finally, a study of the shipborne air defense used by the Royal Navy in the Falklands Conflict in the Spring of 1982 is made. 00,^1 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE Unclassified S N 0102- LF- 014- 6601 i SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Da Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. A Study of the World's Haval Surface-to- Air Missile Defense Systems by Sukij Saraparung Lieutenant Junior Grade, Royal Thai Navy B.E., King Mongkute's Institute of Technology, 1978 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING SCIENCE from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL December 1984 ABSTRACT The shipborne surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems of the US Navy, French Navy, Royal Navy, Italian Navy, Canadian Navy, Israeli Navy, and Soviet Navy are examined. For each SAM system, the details of the physical make-up, the target detection and tracking, the missile guidance, the warhead, and the missile performance are presented. Finally, a study of the shipborne air defense used by the Royal Navy in the Falklands Conflict in the Spring of 1982 is made. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 17 II. TARGET DETECTION AND MISSILE GUIDANCE 18 A. THE RADAR RANGE EQUATION 18 1. Integration of Radar Pulses 20 2. System Losses 22 B. MINIMUM SIGNAL DETECTION 22 1. Noise Figure F 25 2. Minimum Signal- to-Noise Ratio 25 3. Example 26 C. MAXIMUM RADAR RANGE 27 1. Radar Horizon 29 D. TYPES OF MISSILE GUIDANCE 32 1. Command Guidance 32 2. Beam-Rider Guidance 34 3. Homing Guidance 36 4. Retransmission Guidance 38 E. GUIDANCE LAW SELECTION 40 1. Pursuit 40 2. Lead Angle 42 3. Command to Line-of-Sight 43 4. Proportional Navigation 44 III. UNITED STATES NAVY 46 A. TARTAR 46 1. Physical Description 47 2. Propulsion 49 3. Warhead Section 49 4. Target Detection, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 50 5. Performance 50 B. TERRIER (BIM-2S) 52 1. Physical Description 53 2. Propulsion 57 3. Warhead Section 57 4. Target Detection, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 57 5. Performance 59 C. STANDARD SH1-HR (RIM-66B) 60 1. Physical Descriptions 61 2. Propulsion 64 3. Warhead Section 64 4. Target Detection, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 65 5. Performance 66 D. STANDARD SM1-ER (RIH-67A) 67 1. Physical Description 67 2. Propulsion 70 3. Warhead Section 70 4. Target Detection, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 70 5. Performance 7 1 E. STANDARD SM2-MR (RIM-66C) 72 1. Physical Description 74 2. Propulsion 75 3. Warhead Section 75 4. Target Detection, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 76 5. Performance 77 F. STANDARD SM2-ER (RIM-67B) 78 1. Physical Description 78 2. Propulsion 81 3. Warhead Section 8 1 4. Target Detection, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 82 5. Performance 83 G. ROLLING AIRFRAME MISSILE (RAM) 84 1. Physical Description 86 2. Propulsion 87 3. Warhead Section 87 4. Target Detection, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 87 5. Performance 89 H. SEA SPARROW/NATO SEA SPARROW 90 1. Physical Description 91 2. Propulsion 93 3. Warhead Section 93 4. Target Detection, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 94 5. Performance 95 I. SEA CHAPARREL 96 1. Physical Description 97 2. Propulsion 99 3. Warhead Section 99 4. Target Detection, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 100 5. Performance 100 IV. FRENCH NAVY 103 A. MASDRCA 103 1. Physical Description 104 2. Propulsion 106 3. Warhead Section 106 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 106 5. Performance 107 B. NAVAL CROTALE 10 8 1. Physical Description 110 2. Propulsion 111 3. Warhead Section 111 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 112 5. Performance 113 C. SADRAL SEA-TO-AIE MISSILE SYSTEM 115 1. Physical Description 116 2. Propulsion 118 3. Warhead Section 118 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 118 5. Performance 119 D. STANDARD SM1-MR 120 ROYAL NAVY 122 A. SEACAT 122 1. Physical Description 123 2. Propulsion 125 3. Warhead Section 125 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 126 5. Performance 127 B. SZk DART/LIGHTWEIGHT SEA DART 128 1. Physical Description 128 2. Propulsion 130 3. Warhead Section 130 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 130 5. Performance * 132 C. SEAWOLF/LIGHTWEIGHT SEAWOLF 134 1. Physical Description 136 2. Propulsion 138 3. Warhead Section 138 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 139 5. Performance 14 1 D. SLAM MISSILE SYSTEM 143 1. Physical Description 143 2. Propulsion 144 3. Warhead Section 144 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 145 5. Performance 145 E. SEASLOG 146 1. Physical Description 146 2. Propulsion 148 3. Warhead Section 148 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 148 5. Performance 149 VI. ITALIAN NAVY 153 A. ALBATROS ASPIDE MISSILE SYSTEM 153 1. Physical Description 154 2. Propulsion 157 3. Warhead Section 157 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 157 5. Performance 158 B. STANDARD SM1-MR , . 160 C. STANDARD SM1-ER 16 1 D. NATO SEA SPARROW 16 1 VII. ISRAELI NAVY 163 A. BARAK 163 1. Physical Description 164 2. Propulsion 165 3. Warhead Section 165 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 165 5. Performance 166 VIII. CANADIAN NAVY 170 A. CANADIAN SEA SPAfiBOW 170 1- Physical Description 170 2. Propulsion 173 3. Warhead Section 173 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 174 5. Performance 174 IX. SOVIET NAVI 178 A. SA-N-1 178 1. Physical Description 179 2. Propulsion 18 1 3. Warhead Section 181 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 182 5. Performance . - 183 B. SA-N-2 184 1. Physical Description 185 2. Propulsion 186 3. Warhead Section 186 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 187 5. Performance 188 C. SA-N-3 189 1. Physical Description 189 2. Propulsion 192 3. Warhead Section 192 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 193 5. Performance 194 D. SA-N-4 195 1. Physical Description 195 2. Propulsion 199 3. Warhead Section 199 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 200 5. Performance 201 E. SA-N-5 203 1. Physical Description 203 2. Propulsion 205 3. Warhead Section 206 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 206 5. Performance 207 F. SA-N-6 207 1. Physical Description 208 2. Propulsion 209 3. Warhead Section 20 9 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 210 5. Performance 211 G. SA-N-7 212 1- Physical Description 213 2. Propulsion 215 3. Warhead Section 215 4. Target Detecting, Tracking, and Missile Guidance 215 5. Performance 216 THE ROYAL NAVY'S AIR DEFENSE SYSTEMS IN THE FALKLANDS CONFLICT 219 A. INTRODUCTION 219 B. SHIPBORNE WEAPONS SYSTEMS PERFORMANCES . 219 10 1. Missile Systems 220 2. Gun Systems 223 C. CONCLUSION 223 XI. SUMMARY 227 LIST OF REFERENCES 230 BIBLIOGRAPHY 235 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 23 6 1 1 LIST OF TABLES 1. Standard Radar-frequency Letter-band Nomenclature 28 2. The US has led in Introducing Unilaterally a New System Covering a Wider Range 29 3. Comparison of the Missile Specifications in the US Navy 102 4. Comparison the Missile Specifications in the French Navy 121 5. Comparison of the Missile Specifications in the Royal Navy 152 6. Comparison of the Missile Specifications in the Italian Navy 162 7. Barak Missile Specifications in the Israeli Navy 169 8. Canadian Sea Sparrow Specifications in the Canadian Navy 177 9. Comparison of the Missile Specifications in the Soviet Navy 218 12 LIST OF FIGDRES 2.1 Integration Improvement Factor (Skolnik, Ref. 1) 21 2.2 Attenuation for Horizontal Propagation (Cooper, Ref. 3) 23 2.3 Noise Figures of Typical Microwave Receiver Front Ends as a Function of Frequency (Bell, Ref. 2) 25 2.4 Probability of Detection, False Alarm as a Function of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (Skolnik, Ref.
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