2- 5 71 AcN. 25t"JJ SERVANTS OF INDIA SOCIETY'S LIBRARY PUNE 411004 . FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION To be returned on or before the last date stamped below.

1 7 ~tr 1982 THE STORY OF TH"E REVOLUTION 'hananjayarao Gadgil Library Illn~ IIIIIIIIIII~IIIIIIIIIIIIIRIIID GlPE-PUNE-002571 GEORGE WASHINGTON.'

TAu ~t"dl is .""." u 1114 II Gilb-CII(I"";''I' ItJrffniJ." It ftI(I'.t ~(li.",t~ .... I7tJS 0> G.11;w1 SlIMrt. ttnUl u ,...., .... ~ Mr. S. P. Awry. 0' 'lll1It»t AiHd :/Wmti(suni it is MTe ".~,rod"cetl. THE STORY Cltf· AMERICAN REVOLUTION

BY HENRY CABOT LODGE

WITH ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY ILLUSTRATIONS

LONDON DUe K W 0 R T H & co.

190 3 COPYRIGHT FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 1898, 1903, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS

Printed by Sherman & Co. Philadelphia, U. S. A.

V7 II SI- L8 TO

THE ARMY AND NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES,

VICTORS OF

MANILA, SANTIAGO AND. PORTO RICO,

WORTHY SUCCESSORS OF THE SOLDIERS AND SAILORS

WHO UNDER THE LEAD OF GEORGE WASHINGTON

WON AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE,

THIS STORY O}O' THE REVOLUTION

IS DEDICATED. CONTENTS

CHAPTER I. PAGK THE FIRST STEP. I

CHAPTER II. THE FIRST BLOW 25

CHAPTER III. THE SECOND CONGRESS • 53

CHAPTER IV. THE REPLY TO LORD SANDWICH

CHAPTER V. THE SIEGE OF BOSTON 97

CHAPTER VI.

THE SPREAD OF REVOLUTION • 118

CHAPTER VII. INDEPENDENCE • 136

CHAPTER VIII.

THE FIGHT FOR THE HUDSON • 180 v vi CONTENTS

CHAPTER IX. PAGR TRENTON AND PRINCETON • 202

CHAPTER X. THE BURGOYNE CAMPAIGN 228

CHAPTER XI. THE RESULTS OF SARATOGA 263

CHAPTER XII. FABIUS 279

CHAPTER XIII. How THE WEST WAS SAVED 325

CHAPTER XIV. ·THE INVASION OF GEORGIA · 353

CHAPTER XV. THE SOUTH RISES IN DEFENCE · 367

CHAPTER XVI. KING'S MOUNTAIN AND THE COWPENS · 380

CHAPTER XVII. GREENE'S CAMPAIGN IN THE SOUTH · 409

CHAPTER XVIII. THE TEST OF ENDURANCE . . · 448

CHAPTER XIX. YORKTOWN 49 I CONTENTS vii

CHAPTER XX. PA.GE How PEACE WAS MADE. 528

CHAPTER XXI. How THE WAR ENDED 543

CHAPTER XXII. THE MEANING OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 55 2

APPENDIX

I. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 579

II. THE PARIS TREATY.

III. GENERAL WASHINGTON'S ADDRESS TO CONGRESS ON RESIGNING HIS COMMISSION •

INDEX. 59 1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

GEORGE WASHINGTON • Frontispiece P"'i"/~d, tIl 170S. by Gil,,", Slu(,,'. PAGB CARPENTERS' HALL, PHILADELPHIA 3 JOHN JAY 4 E"pa'tltd. U. 178),/""" II P",:iI drawinr by nil Simt"iiwe. mark in 111". JOHN ADAMS 4 P,,,,,. ,. ,!aiHUnK by B/JIlh. 1705. SAMUEL ADAMS 5 F."pawrl/rt"" ,lte .Iorl'''il ,Iainled.4J' CtI.lI'Y. in 1771.

PEYTON RANDOLPH, OF VIRGINIA, THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 8 J.',om tI.lainliHI' by c. W. Peau, ~771.

RICHARD HENRY LEE, OF VIRGINIA 8 PaiH/inl' 0' c. W. Peale, rtt)/.

GEORGE WASHINGTON AT THE AGE OF FORTY 9 Pai",.6;)' Charles Wi/boil Peak, 1773.

THE ASSEMBLY ROOM, CARPENTERS' HALL, WHERE THE CONTI- NENTAL CONGRESS FIRST MET II

GENERAL JOHN SULLIVAN 17 Frflm II" or;rr""al,#nldl-sMlCh Made ~ 70",. rr"",lmll. at Exeter, N. H., in I1f}O'

THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION AND RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE _FIRST CONGRESS AT PHILADELPHIA, OCTOBER 20, 1774 19 ReJ,odund, /Ij! .IermiJsioll. fro"' IIw (W';rinaI docU,.ull', n(J?IJ tn 1M Ltnox Library.

JOHN DICKINSON, OF PENNSYLVANIA • Fr"". II .Iai"Unr by C. IYo Peale. I791. CONCOjl.D BRIDGE AT THE PRESENT TIME 27 'l'HE OLD BUCKMAN TAVERN, BUILT 1690 30 THE OLD NORTH CHURCH 31 ix x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS'

J'AGK PAUL REVERE ,ROUSING THE INHABITANTS AL9NG THE ROAD TO LEXINGTON 33

PAu"L REVERE, BY ST. MEMIN, 1804 34

MAJOR PITCAIRN'S PISTOLS • 35

HARRINGTON HOUSE, LEXINGTON 36

THE FIGHT ON LEXINGTON COMMON, APRIL 19, 1775 37

GENERAL VIEW OF LEXINGTON COMMON AT .THE PRESENT TIME 39

LORD PERCY 40 F,tJln a I",i,,' unt cb' W. C. Crime. BARRETT HOUSE, NEAR CONCORD 42 'fHEFIGHT AT CONCORD BRIDGE, APRIL 19, 1775 43 FLAG CARRIED BY THE BEDFORD MILITIA COMPANY AT CON- CORD BRIDGE 45

WRIGHT TAVERN, CONCORD, AT THE PRESENT TIME 46

RECEIPT SIGNED BY THE MINUTE MEN OF IPSWICH, MASS., WHO MARCHED ON THE ALARM, APRIL 19, 1775 47 THE RETREAT FROM CONCORD 48 GRAVE OF BRITISH SOLDIERS, NEAR THE BRIDGE AT CONCORD 50

THE MINUTE MAN AT CONCORD BRIDGE 51 Dan,'d C. F'YmclJ, Sctliltor.

JOHN HANCOCK 55 If,t¥'awd/rom tile jtwtrlu1jtJ'Hted b.)' Cojlo .i, 171/.

THE RUINS OF TICONDEROGA, LOOKING NORTHWEST, SHOWING THE REMAINS OF THE BASTION AND BARRACKS 60

THE CAPTURE OF TICONDEROGA BY ETHAN ALLEN 61

A NEAR VIEW OF THE RUINS OF THE OFFICERS' QUARTERS AT TICONDEROGA 64

THE BUNKER HILL INTRENCHING PARTY 75

PRESCOTT ON THE PARAPET AT BUNKER HILL 79

THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL ." GENERAL WILLIAM HOWE PJI'OfH till eJlJ!r(J'VI"'r tift"' the ~/"ta.·t cb' Dodd, May IJ, 1786.

JOSEPH WARREN, KILLED AT BUNKER HILL 89 Frtlnt tljQr/ra,'1jlll'HI«l1Jo' Co.llo 'N 1171. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xi

PAGB A GLIMPSE OF BUNKER HILL MONUMENT FR()M COpp'S HILL CEMETERY WASHINGTON TAKING COMMAND OF THE ARMY 99 VICINITY OF THE WASHINGTON ELM, CAMBRIDGE, AT THE PRES­ ENT TIME 101 A PROCLAMATION BY KING GEORGE III., AUGUST, 1775 105 R~frl/ltl,ual frllM tnU tJ/ llu twirr-".l iwtHUbidu ;" Dr. EMllUl's c(JII~Clrtnt 110711 jn llu Len" LiH-a,,,.

CAPE DIAMOND AND THE CITADEL, QUEBEC 107

TABLET ON THE ROCKS OF CAPE DIAMOND BEARING THE IN- SCRIPTION" MONTGOMERY FELL, DEC'R 31, 1775" 108

THE MONUMENT TO MONTGOMERY, ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, NEW YORK CITY 109 ErutNlI;7 I. WtMr fF c,.p~ss. 7a"",."3' 25. ~116.

THE ATTACK ON QUEBEC III

THE DESTRUCTION OF FALMOUTH, NOW THE CITY OF' PORT­ LAND, ME. /" Ik/~. rns. 0' ,. )tul _ ... Ca.lla;" Mnlall.

GENERAL WILLIAM MOULTRIE 1 27 Fr(IWI IAI .It1i"t"" 17 :J'oA" r'"III11"II. 119"

OLD ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH, CHARLESTON, S. C. 128

THE DEFENCE OF FORT SULLIVAN, JUNE 28, 1776, 13 1 FORT MOULTRIE, AT THE PRESENT DAY 133

WASHINGTON SHOWING THE CAMP AT CAMBRIDGE TO THE COM- MITTEE, CONSISTING OF FRANKLIN, LYNCH, AND HARRISON, APPOINTED BY CONGRESS. J47

INDEPENDENCE HALL, PHILAI;>ELPHIA, CHESTNUT STREET FRONT 150

THOMAS PAINE ISS F,."". ~("""" " C. W. PetJ~. I'/Ij.

ROGER SHERMAN 157 F,,,,. 1M .1 ••;" •.", obr RaJ.I" eark. 1781.

ROBERT MORRIS • • 159 FrOlll .1_("';'" " Ed'IIIard S,nmp. I79fJ.

THOMAS JEF-FERSON Fro. lite .I•• ."Ii", " CJ.ar1~s Will"" Peak. 179"

VIEW OF INDEPENDENCE HALL FROM THE PARK SIDE xii ,LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

STAIRWAY IN INDEPENDENCE HALL

FAC-SIMILE OF A PART OF THE ROUGH DRAFT OF THE DECLAR­ A TION OF INDEPENDENCE. Prom an ar/oly"e by E. Biwsladt.of 'he original ,i, I", D'.Iar/~1I1 0/ Siale, at Washi1ll!to", D. C.

ROOM IN INDEPENDENCE HALL IN WHICH THE DECLARATION WAS SIGNED

READING THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE TO THE TROOPS IN NEW YORK, ASSEMBLED ON THE COMMON, NOW CITY HALL PARK, OLD ST. PAUL'S IN THE BACKGROUND 169

FROM THE RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY CONGRESS, JULY 5, 1776 171 Foe-simile of a ,Jart of the ori,gilttrl draft belo~Jl!inll' to the Em".,t collulio" ill Ille UlZOX Lilwary.

TEARING DOWN THE LEADEN STATUE OF GEORGE III., ON BOWL­ ING GREEN, NEW YORK, TO CELEBRATE THE SIGNING OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 173

THOMAS JEFFERSON WRITING THE DECLARATION OF INDEPEND- ENCE

GENERAL NATHANIEL GREENE

PART OF TABLET MARKING THE LINE OF DEFENCE AT THE BA TTLE OF LONG ISLAND • Plnud ,'" Brook/YII by lJu So"s of the Rt'Vo/ulio",

GENERAL ISRAEL PUTNAM Fr(lm a por/,..a.', by H. I. rholll,/soll, after a ,Imci/·slletchf'om life ~ 70h" Trumbull.

BATTLE PASS, PROSPECT PARK, BROOKLYN

PRESENT VIEW FROM OLD FORT PUTNAM (NOW FORT GREENE), BROOKLYN 192

THE RETREAT FROM LONG ISLAND 193

'THE jUMEL MANSION, WASHINGTON HEIGHTS, NEW YORK CITY 197

SITE OF FORT WASHINGTON, NEW YORK CITY, LOOKING TOWARD FORT LEE 199 THE RETREAT THROUGH THE JERSEYS 203

WASHINGTON'S TROOPS DISEMBARKING ON THE 'TRENTON SHORE OF THE DELAWARE RIVER

'THE. POINT AT WHICH WASHINGTON CROSSED THE DELAWARE RIVER 2II LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xiii

PAGE THE SURPRISE AT TRENTON 213 OLD KING STREET (NOW WARREN STREET), TRENTON 2IS A .. CALL TO ARMS" • 216 RefrtNIlI~etI. /tW 'MJi'st I~. i" 'ac.•• ",/k (,edHcnl)/rlWll 'M twirl;,al ti«Hmnft.

QUAKER MEETING-HOUSE, -NEAR .PRINCETON 218 THE BATTLE OF PRINCETON 219 STONY BROOK BRIDGE, NEAR PRINCETON 221

HOUSE AND ROOM IN WHICH GENERAL MERCER DIED 222

NASSAU HALL, PRINCETON, ERECTED 1756 224

GENERAL PHILIP SCHUYLER 232 F,."". ,Iu ~lJiHIt"r" Trou.lmll (J79Z) {II 'M Yak Col/ere Art GallwJl.

RUINS OF OLD FORT FREDERICK, CROWN POINT-AT THE PRES- ENT TIME 233

THE HOME OF GENERAL PHiLIP SCHUYLER AT OL.D SARATOGA, NEAR SCHUYLERVILLE 234

GENERAL JOHN: BURGOYNE • 235 Frlmf all nwraf/inz (aflw lhe ~ailJti"r IJ' Gardnw) ~H!Jlishtd ill 1181.

THE RAVINE A'r ORISKANY, NEW YORK 236

BATTLE OF ORISKANY. 237

GENERAL HERKIMER'S HOUSE AT DANUBE, NEAR LITTLE FALLS, NEW YORK 239

OLD STONE CHURCH AT GERMAN FLATS IN THE MOHAWK VAL- LEY 240

CASTLE CHURCH, NEAR DANUBE, IN THE MOHAWK VALLEY 241

GFNERAL JOHN STARK 242 From • ~";lIlillr (af/eft" T""III/IIII1) lJj1 u. D. Tn'HOI, at llu Slate CtrJr'lo/ at Concwd, N. H.

THE BATTLE OF BENNINGTON 245

CATAMOUNT TAVERN, BENNINGTON, VT" THE HEAD-QUARTERS OF GENERAL STARK AND THE COUNCIL OF SAFETY 247 Dra?IJ"/'"". all DId 'JIf"{Jp,,~'"

MONUMENT AVENUE, BENNINGTON, AT THE PRESENT TIME 247

GENERAL HORATIO GATES • 249 Frtml 'M lu·,lIwloJ ml,lIblt'slted pwtrail ~~{"tNl b,y .R. B. Pille. L78S. xiv LIST OF, ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGB OLD BATTLE WELL, ON ,FREEMAN'S FARM, AT THE i'RESENT TIME

CEL,LAR AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE MARSHALL HOUS~. SCH'UYLERVILLE, WHICH, WAS USED AS A HOSPIl'AL' FOR THE BRITISH

THE BURIAL OF GENERAL FRASER

SURRENDER OF BURGOYNE-FAC-SIMILE (REDUCED) OF A PART OF THE ORIGINAL :ARTICLES OF CAPITULATION R~"'od"ud. br pmiss;tm,frqm llu tw1rr·"al docUHUHI in lhe colkctioH of lJu Nrw Y(WR Histor," cal Soeu(y. . . .

SURRENDER OF BURGOYNE 259

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN , 273 Fr"". III~ .IainUHIl b.1 D"~/essis. I'l;8. In 1M Pernuylvalfu. Acatinn.Y l!I' FiJl~ Arts, P/u·'addpilla.

WASHINGTON'S HEAD-QUARTERS, NEAR CHAD'S FORD, AT THE TIME OF THE, BA TTLE OF TH!, BRA,NDY\VINE 283

LAFAYETTE'S HEAD-QUARTERS, NEAR CHAD'S FORV.. DURING ·THE BATTLE OF THE BRANDXWINF;

BA TTLE OF THE BRANDYWINE

BIRMINGHAM MEETING-HOUSE, NEAR CHAD'S FORD

BARON KNYPHAUSEN, COMMANDER OF 'THE HESSIANS IN THE WAR BETWEEN ENGLAND AND THE UNITED STATES, 289 Fr{)11l ill drafIJi"r. 1M OI"wi"al of'lVllicA is ill 1111 ;o,rffssUm e'11te K'fYpliausen/ami/y.

THE CHEW HOUSE, <:ERMANTOWN 292

THE ATTACK ,UPON THE CHEW HOUSE 293

THE REPULSE OF THE HESSIANS UNDER COUNT DONOP AT' FORT MERCER 297

LAFAYETTE 300 F,o". a /01':/,,;1 ~aill~«l b c. w: Peak iIt r,80/tJ,. .·IYas.~r"rlo"

THE OLD POTTS HOUSE AT VALLEY FORGE, USED BY WASHING- TON AS HEAD-QUARTERS , 301

VIEW FROM FORT HUNTINGTON, WITH A PLAN OF THE INTRENCH- MENTS REMAINING AT VALLEY FORGE "

THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE UNITED STATES, SIGNED BY BENEDICT ARNOLD AT VALLEY FORGE, 1778 304

OLD BELL USED IN THE CAMP 'AT VALLEY FORGE '3°5 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS X\'

PAGE WINTER AT VALLEY FORGE

HOUSE IN ARCH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, WHERE BETSY ROSS MADE THE FIRST A~RICAN FLAG FROM TH;E DESIGN ADOPTED BY CONGRESS 312

BARON STEUBEN, Pa''''. 0 C. W. Peak, I,. 111/0.

BATTLE OF MONMOUTH 321

COLONEL DANIEL BOONE 334 F,."" ,. ~.il 47 C/u$lw Ha,diq.

GENERAL GEORGE ROGERS CLARK 335

CLARK ON THE WAY TO KASKASKIA '. 34 1 CLARK'S SURPRISE AT 'KASKASKIA' 344

CLARK'S ADVANCE AGAINST VINCENNES, 349

GENERAL BENJAMIN LINCOLN 35 6 F,tJ'" II ptrllil ~;,,'ed b)' c. W. P~dk • .. 178~

COUNT PULASKI , Fr(JJM nil mp.wltl ~ AHt. Ous.eIfYHsH.

ATTACK ON SAVANNAH, OCTOBER 8, 1779 359

PART OF THE ARTICLES OF CAPITULATION AGREED ON AT THE SURRENDER OF FORT MOULTRIE Relrlldu"" '" fac-simikfrtnl& llu tw~"tlll'" flu Emmel colkClioH, Lnloz Lr'lwa.".

THE FIRST AND LAST PARTS OF SIR HENRY CLINTON'S OFFER OF PARDON TO REBELS iN 1780' Frlllll llu wlerital d«HIIUIII INlo"rUrr t(J llu Emmel ctJlleetioH .n 1M Lmoz Library.

FAC-SlilnLE (REDUCED) OF THE FiRST AND LAST PARTS OF PATRICK HENRY'S LETTER OF INSTRUCTIONS TO GEORGE ROGERS CLARK

FrqM II TM CMtI/Hesl tlr 'lte NtJrllnwst," .tv Willill", E. E"6'lisll.

A BRI'rISH WAGON-TRAIN SURPRISED. BY MARION 37 0 GENERAL ANDREW PICKENS, 37 1 /O'9!" n, CO'JI ..,. 7oJ." SIll/ie '!11M wi¥*'".1 ~4r"'IiHr /Iy Tlwmas S"II". xvi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAG& THE BATTLE OF KING'S MOUNTAIN

THE BAYONET CHARGE BY THE SECOND MARYLAND BRIGADE AT THE BATTLE OF CAMDEN 392

THE MEETING OF GREENE AND GATES AT CHARLOTTE, N. C., UPON THE FORMER'S ASSUMING COMMAND 397

THE COMBAT BETWEEN COLONELS WASHINGTON AND TARLETON A l' THE BATTLE OF THE COWPENS

A LETTER OF TARLETON In tiu ,Oren- cDlkctJ'HI, Pe,uuywanra Historical Societ,y. GENERAL DANIEL MORGAN • 4II From the portrait by Char'les WillsoH Peale, 1791'

THE FIELD OF GREENE'S OPERATIONS IN THE SOUTH.

THE BATTLE OF GUILFORD COURT HOUSE 421

THE BATTLE OF HOBKIRK'S HILL 42 9 THE BATTLE OF EUTAW SPRINGS 437 THE EVACUATION OF CHARLESTON BY THE BRITISH, DECEMBER 14, 17 82 • 443 ANTHONY WAYNE 457 ,Frtmt an ,,,,~,,!J/ished pl,.ait ~ Hnr'jI Elouiz. F19S.

STONY POINT

THE CAPTURE OF STONY POINT BY WAYNE

MAJOR HENRY LEE (" LIGHT HORSE HARRY") From. a jainl."z 6J.' c. W. Peak ,." I788.

THE CAPTURE OF PAULUS HOOK BY MAJOR LEE

GENERAL BENEDICT ARNOLD IN 1778 Aft" lIN drtl'fJJ'nr by P. D" S.·".(t,1,e.

THE HUDSON RIVER AT WEST POINT 478

OLll FORT PUTNAM-THE KEY TO THE DEFENCES AT WEST POINT - SHOWING THE MAGAZINES • 480

HEAD-QUARTERS AT TAPPAN FROM WHICH. THE ORDER FOR ANDRE'S EXECUTION WAS ISSUED 481

THE HOUSE IN WHICH ANDRf WAS IMPRISONED • 483

ARNOLD TELLS HIS WIFE OF THE DISCOVERY OF HIS TREASON • 485 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xvii

PAGE LETTER FROM GENERAL WASHINGTON TO COLONEL WADE, APPRIS- ING HIM OF ARNOLD'S TREASON 488 R~~",cnl ... .r.c.,n",i/4 fW 'M .If,., Ii,," frtml tile twirrical u. 1M ,IOSsusitm of Fr"nm H. W .... £6,0, "/~SWlic'" MtUl.. " ,...1UIstnt tI' Co/IIIUl WaMo PART OF THE GREAT CHAIN (NOW IN THE COLLECTION OF RELICS AT WEST POINT) WHICH WAS STRETCHED ACROSS THE HUDSON BETWEEN WEST POINT AND CONSTITUTION ISLAND TO OBSTRUCT NAVIGATION

CHARLES, EARL CORNWALLIS 4/1" ... mrrtrrl., ., F. H,nll"rtl, ~./}lis/utl i" 1'184.

HALL IN CARTER'S GROVE, AN OLD COLONIAL MANSION ON THE JAMES RIVER 503

THE HOME OF THE PRESIDENT OF WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE AT WILLIAMSBURG, VA,

COMTE DE ROCHAMBEA U Fr,"", " ,I(Jr".iI ob' C. W. Pc.lI, 1"/81. YORK RIVER, SEEN FROM THE "INNER BRITISH WORKS, AND LOOK- ING TOWARD GLOUCESTER POINT 510

PRESENT APPEARANCE OF THE BRITISH INTRENCHMENT AT YORKTOWN, WITH A MAP SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE FRENCH AND AMERICAN TROOPS 512

THE HOME OF CHANCELLOR WYTHE AT WILLIAMSBURG, WHERE WASHINGTON STOPPED ON HIS WAY TO THE SIEGE OF YORKTOWN

WASHINGTON FIRING THE FIRST GUN AT THE SIEGE OF YORK­ TOWN

THE HOUSE OF GOVERNOR NELSON A T YORKTOWN

THE MOORE HOUSE, IN WHICH THE CAPITULATION WAS SIGNED, 521

THE SIEGE OF YORKTOWN ,

YORKTOWN, 1833, FROM THE FIELD OF ITS SURRENDER BY LORD CORNWALLIS

THE PRINCIPAL STREET IN YORKTOWN

CHARLES JAMES FOX Frtnll ",".1111", 6, :Joh" Glll1"d. IItJ6.

LORD SHELBURNE • 531 FrDm "" enp"",,, l!v Bart(I/oxli II/Iw C"fluwtn1r". 1717· xviii LIST OF· ILLUSTRATIONS:

PAGE CHARLES GRA"IER COMTE DE VERGENNES

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AND RICHARD OSWALD DISCUSSING THE TREATY OF PEACE AT PARIS 537

WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL TO H,S OFFICERS 547

THE HOME OF GEORGE WASHINGTON AT MOUNT VERNON, WITH THE INTERIOR OF HIS ROOM

ALEXANDER HAMILTON • F,.om the ~ai"";'r ~ 7011" T"',umllUlI. 1793.

MAP.S

PLAN' OF THE BATTLE" OF BUNKER HILL Afln" the ",n~ mfJM /,oln Ihe s"rw.Ys of llu British Ctl~ia'i'" Mo"l;es.; 6y Lin4Itna,.,' Pages .a:"de-dbc:a",~ to, ednn-al HO'We.

THE BATTLE OF'LONG ISLAND .. • 186 Fr:~ a R,itish ~a~ of L776.

MAP OF THE SCENE. OF THE BURGOYNE CAMPAIGN •

MAP SHOWING THE SCENE OF OPERATIONS PRECEDING THE BATTLE OF MONMOUTH APPENDIX I

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE . In Congress, July 4, I776

A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN CONGRES~ ASSEMBLED

\VHEN, in the course of ·human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind re­ ql,1ires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident-that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalien­ able rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the gov­ erned; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundations on such prin­ ciples, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are suf­ ferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which th.ey are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpa~ tions, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their 579 580 APPENDIX future security. Su·ch has been the patient sufferance of these colo­ nies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpa­ tions, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. I. He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. 2. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operations till his assent should be obtained; and, when. so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. 3. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature-a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. 4. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the repository of their public rec­ ords, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. 5. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for oppos­ ing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. 6. He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected, whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all the dangers of invasions from without, and convulsions within. 7. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the laws for the naturalization of for­ eigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. 8. He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. 9. He has made judges dependent of his will alone for the tenure on their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. 10. He has erected a: multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers, to harass our people and eat out their sub­ stance. II. He has kept among us in times o~ peace, standing armies, without the consent of our Legislatures. APPENDIX 58r

IZ. He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power. 13. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitutions, and unacknowledged by our laws; giv-. ing his assent to their acts of pretended legislation; 14. For qua~tering large bodies of armed troops among us ; 15. For protecting them, by a mock trial, from pnnishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States; 16. For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world; 17. For imposing taxes on us without our consent; 18. For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of a trial by jury; 19. For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pretended offences; 20. For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighbor­ ing province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and en­ larging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies; 21. For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering, fundamentally, the forms of our governments; 22. For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring them­ selves 'invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. 23. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. 24. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts,. burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. 25. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mer­ cenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. 26. He has 'constrained our~fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the execu­ tioners of their friends and brethren, or to faIl themselves by their hands. 27. He has excited domestic insurrection among us, and has en­ deavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for re- APPENDIX dress in the most humble terms; our repeated petItIOns have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in our at,tentions to our British breth­ ren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction" over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and set­ tlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magna­ nimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kin­ dred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. \Ve must, therefore, acqui­ esce in the necessity which denounces our separation, and hold them as we hold the rest of mankind-enemies in war; in peace, friends. We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of Amer­ ica in general Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly pub­ lish and declare that these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection be­ tween them and the state of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved, and that, as free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish com­ merce, and do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do. And for the support of this DeClaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. II

THE PARIS TREATY

DEFINITIVE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY. CONCLUDED AT PARIS, SEPTEMBER 3, 1783

IN the name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity. It having pleased the Divine Providence to dispose the hearts of the most serene and most potent Prince, George the Third, by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg, Arch· Treasurer and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, &ca., and of the United States of America, to forget all past misunderstandings and differ­ ences that have unhappily interrupted the good correspondence and friendship which they mutually wish to restore; and to establish such a beneficial and satisfactory intercourse between the two countries, upon the ground of reciprocal advantages and mutual conven­ ience, as may promote and secure to both perpetual peace and har­ mony: And having for this desirable end already laid the founda­ tion of peace and reconciliation, by the provisional articles, signed at Paris, on the 30th of Nov'r, 1782, by the commissioners empowered on each part, which articles were agreed to be inserted in and to constitute the treaty of peace proposed to be concluded between the Crown of Great Britain and the said United States, but which treaty was not to be concluded until terms of peace should be agreed upon between Great Britain and France, and His Britannic Majesty should be ready to conclude such treaty accordingly; and the treaty between Great Britain and France having since been concluded, His Britannic Majesty and the United ,states of America, in order to carry into full effect the provisional articles above mentioned, according to the tenor thereof, have constituted and appointed, that is to say, His 583 APPENDIX

Britannic Majesty on his part, David Hartley, esqr., member of the Parliament of Great Britain; and the said United States on their part, John Adams, esqr., late a commissioner of the United States of America at the Court of Versailles, late Delegate in Congress from the State of Massachusetts, and chief justice of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary of the said United States to their High Mightinesses the States General of the United Netherlands; Ben­ jamin Franklin, esq're, late Delegate in Congress from the State of Pennsylvania, president of the convention of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles; John Jay, esq're, late president of Congress, and chief justice of the State of New York, and Minister Plenipoten­ tiary from the said United States at the Court of Madrid, to be the Plenipotentiaries for the concluding and signing the present defini­ tive treaty; who, after having reciprocally communicated their re­ spective full powers, have agreed upon and confirmed the following articles:

ARTICLE I. His Britannic Majesty acknowledges the said United States, viz. New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caroiina, and Georgia, to be free, sovereign and independent States; that he treats with them as such, and for himself, his heirs and successors, relinquishes all claims to the Government, proprietary and territorial rights of the same, and every part thereof.

ARTICLE II. And that all disputes which might arise in future, on the subject of the boundaries of the said United States may pe .prevented, it is hereby agreed and declared, that the following are, and shall be their boundaries, viz. : From the northwest angle of Nova Scotia, viz. that angle which is formed by a line drawn due north from the source of Saint Croix River to the Highlands; along the said High­ lands which divide those rivers that empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence, from those which fall into (he Atlantic Ocean, to the northwestern-most head of Connecticut River; thence down along the middle of that river, to the forty-fifth degree of north latitude; APPENDIX

from thence, by a line due west on said latitude, until it str-ikes the river Iroquois or Cataraquy; thence along the middle of said river into Lake Ontario, through the middle of said lake until it strikes the communication by water between that lake and Lake Erie; thence along the middle of said communication into Lake Erie, through the middle of said lake until it arrives at the water com­ munication between that lake and Lake Huron; thence along the middle of said water communication into the Lake Huron; thence through the middle of said lake to the water communication between that lake and Lake Superior; thence through Lake Superior north­ ward of the Isles Royal and Phelipeaux, to the Long Lake; thence through the middle of said Long Lake, and the water communication between it and the Lake at the Woods, to the said Lake of the Woods; thence through the said lake to the most northwestern point thereof, and from thence on a due west course to the river Mississippi; thence by a line to be drawn along the middle of the said river Mississippi until it shall intersect the northernmost part of the thirty-first degree of. north latitude. South, by a line to be drawn due east from the determination of the line last mentioned, in the latitude of thirty-one degrees north of the. Equator, to the mid­ dle of the .river Apalachicola or Catahouche; thence along the mid­ dle thereof to its junction with the Flint River; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River; and thence down along the middle of St. Mary's River to the Atlantic Ocean. East, by a line to be drawn along the middle of the river St. Croix, from its mouth ill the Bay of Fundy to its source, and from its source directly north to the afore­ said Highlands, which divide the rivers that fall into the Atlantic Ocean from those which fall into the river St. Lawrence; compre­ hending all islands within twenty leagues of any part of the shores of the United States, and lying between lines to be drawn due east from the points where the aforesaid boundaries between Nova Scotia on the one part, and East Florida on the other, shall respectively touch the Bay of Fundy and·.the Atlantic Ocean; excepting such islands as now are, or heretofore have been, within the limits of the said province of Nova Scotia.

ARTICLE III. It is agreed that the people of the United States shall continue to enjoy unmolested the right to take fish of every kind on the Grand Bank, and on all the other banks of Newfoundland j also in the APPENDIX

G'uiph"~of ';\iaiut' Lawrence, and at all other places in the sea where the inhabitan'ts of both countries used at any time heretofore to fish. Al1dalso that the inhabitants of the United States shaH have liberty to take fish of every kind OQ such Pilrt of the coast of Newfoundland as British fishermen shall use (but not to dry or cure the same on that island) and also on the coasts, bays, and cret;ks of aH other of His Britannic Majesty's dominions in America; and that the Amer­ ican fishermen shall have liberty to dry and cure fish in any of the unsettled bays, harbours, and creeks of Nova Scotia, Magdalen Islands, and Labrador, so long as the same shaH remain unsettled; but so soon as the same or either of them shaH be settled, it shall not be lawful for the said fishermen to dry or cure fish at such settle­ ment, without a previous agreement for that purpose with the inhab­ itants, proprietors, or possessors of the ground.

ARTICLE IV.

It is agreed that creditors on either side shall meet with no law­ ful impediment to the recovery of the fuIl value in sterling money, of aU-bona fide debts heretofore contracted.

ARTICLE V.

It is agreed that the Congress shaH earnestly recommend it to the legislatures of the respective States, to provide for the restitu­ tion of all estates, rights, and properties which have been confiscated, belonging to real British subjects, and also of the estates, rights, and properties of persons resident in districts in the possession of His Majesty's arms, and who have not borne arms against the said United States. And that persons of any other description shaH have free liberty to go to any part or parts of any of the thirteen United States, and therein to remain 'twelve months, unmolested in their endeavours to obtain the restitution of such of their estates, rights, and properties as may have been confiscated; and that Con­ gress shaU also earnestly recommend to the several States a recon­ sideration and revision of all acts or laws regarding the premises, so as to render the said laws or acts perfectly consistent, not only with justice and equity, but with that spirit of conciliation which, on the return of the blessings of peace, should universaUy prevail. And that Congress shaIl also earnestly recommend to the several States, APPENDIX

that the estates, rights, and properties of such last nt.P06~f sons, shall be restored to them, they refunding to any ons"'~~. may now be in possession, the bona fide price (where any na given) which such persons may have paid on purchasing any of the said lands, rights, or properties, since the confiscation. And it is agreed, that all persons who have any interest in confiscated lands, either by debts, marriage settlements, or otherwise, shal1 meet with no lawful impediment in the prosecution of their just rights.

ARTICLE VI.

That there shall be no future confiscations made, nor any prose­ cutions commenc'd against any person or persons for, or by reason of the part which he or they may have taken in the present war; and that no person shall, on that account, suffer any future loss or damage, either in his person, liberty, or property; and that those who may be in confinement on such charges, at the time of the rati­ fication of the treaty in America, shall be immediately set at liberty, and the prosecutions so commenced be discontinued. •

ARTICLE VII.

There shall be a firm and perpetual peace between His Britannic Majesty and the said States, and between the subjects of the one and the citizens of the other, wherefore all hostilities, both by sea and land, shall from henceforth cease: All prisoners on both sides shall be set at liberty, and His Britannic Majesty shall, with all con­ venient speed, and without cam;ing any destruction, or carrying away any negroes or other property of the American inhabitants, withdraw all his armies, garrisons, and fleets from the saiq United States, and from every port, place, and harbour within the same; leaving in all fortifications the American artillery that may be therein: And shall also order and cause all archives, records, deeds, and papers, belonging to any of the said States, or their citizens, which, in the course of the war, may have fal1en into the hands of the officers, to be forthwith restored and deliver'd to the proper States and persons to whom they belong. 588 APPENDIX

ARTICLE VIII.

The navigation of the river Mississippi, from its source to the ocean, shaH for ever remain free and open to the subjects of Great Britain, and the citizens of the United States.

ARTICLE IX.

In case it should so happen that any place or territory belonging to Great Britain or to the United States, should have been conquer'd by the arms of either from the other, before the arrival of the said provisional articles in America, it is agreed, that the same shall be restored without difficulty, and without requiring any compensation.

ARTICLE X.

The solemn ratifications of the present treaty, expedited in good and due form, shall be exchanged between the contracting parties, in the space of six months, or sooner if possible, to be computed from the day of the signature of the present treaty. In witness whereof. we the undersigned, their Ministers Plenipotentiary, have in their name and in virtue of our full powers, signed with our hands the present definitive treaty, and caused the seals of our arms to be affix'd ther.eto. Done at Paris, this third day of September,ill the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three.

D. HARTLEY. (L. So) JOHN ADAMS. (Lo So) B. FRANKLIN. (L. So) JOHN JAY. (Lo So) III

GENERAL WASHINGTON'S ADDRESS TO CONGRESS ON RESIGNING HIS COMMISSION

ANNAPOLIS, 23 December, 1783. Mr. President, The great events, on which my resignation depended, having at length taken place, I have now the honor of offering my sincere congratulations to Congress, and of presenting myself before them, to surrender into their hands the trust committed to me, and to claim the indulgence of retiring from the service of my country. Happy in the confirmation of our independence and sovereignty, and pleased with the opportunity afforded the United States of be­ coming a respectable nation, I resign with satisfaction the appoint­ ment I accepted with· diffidence; a diffidence in my abilities to accomplish so arduous a task, which, however, was superseded by a confidence in the rectitude of our cause, the support of the supreme power of the Union, and the patronage of Heaven. The successful termination of the war has verified the most san­ guine expectations; and my gratitude for the interposition of Provi­ dence, and the assistance I have received from my countrymen, increases with every review of the momentous contest. While I repeat my obligations to the army in general, I should do injustice to my own feelings not to acknowledge, in this place, the peculiar services and distinguished merits of the gentlemen, who have been attached to my person during the war. It was impossible that the choice of confidential officers to compose my family should have been more fortunate. Permit me, Sir, to recommend in partic­ ular those, who have continued in service to the present moment, as worthy of the favorable notice and patronage of Congress. I consider it an indispensable duty to close this last solemn act of my official life, by commending the interests of our dearest country 589 APPENDIX to the protection 'of Almighty God, and those who have the superin_ tendence of them to his holy keeping. Having now' finished the work assigned me, I retire from the great theatre of action; and, bidding an affectionate farewell to this august body, under whose orders I have so long acted, I here offer my commission, and take my leave of all the employments of public life. . INDEX INDEX

ABERCROMBIE. COLONEL, 520 mand by Gates. 255; showed his cour­ age, 256; account of, 473 et seq.; his ~A~~~~n:,~6the. 130 traitorous neyotiations With the British, Adams, Mr. Henry, quoted, 540, 541 8t Adams, John, 12, 65, 140. 144. 160, 161. :g? 4 3 ~:t~ fli;h\es~~Js4J:~!8~ ;dWa~~i~~~ 306, 541; entry in the diary of, 2; a ton's great disappointment in, 488; ser­ delegate at the first American Congress, vices of, to England, 489; expedition of, 1. at the second Congress. 54-57t pro- into Virginia, 498, 499; sent back to r:sec~~-::!n~~?eth'i C~~~~o::.t!i !\~~;~ A~~ld, YM~:: ~~~edict, 477, 484;- the fail~ 67; wished Con~ress to found a govern­ ure of her husband's plot revealed to ment, 142; his mfluence on public senti­ her, 484 . ment, 152; his activity in Congress, 156; Articles of Confederation, the, 3.28 on a committee to draft a declaration of Ashe, 356 ~?t~l:s~~;n:fJ D!6~ie, ,~h~;S~d hi~~~rit:!isr: Assanpink, 217 of the Declaration of Independence, A~~~:tjS6fl~~sd::j ~:kL!e blndC~iJk~~!; 432; the surrender of. 433 ~~~pt:1~:d by ofon~J::hint~o~.~an1:"il~;e~: Austria, .271, 554, 555 Auvergne, the regiment of, at Yorktown, ~f,l ;a~n Pa!i:~a;3~~m~~i~~on~(3:~e adi~i~~ 519, 520 matic services of, 539, 540 Adams. Samuel. 59. 65. 66, 306; a dele- uBACKWATER )fEN," the, 385 et seq. Baltimore, 501; adjournment of Congress ~~~w~t ~~e ~~~la~:re~:a~ S~:~;es:~lr~~f to, 207; a Hessian flag presented to, .212 rebel," IZ; refuge of, in Lexington, 30; Barren Hill, 316 roused by Paul Revere, 32; persuaded Batten Kill, the, 256 by Revere to go to \\'ohum with Han­ llaum, Colonel, sent out by Burgoyne on cock, 34; at the second American Con- a marauding expedition, 242; at the battle of Bennington, .243 et seq.; mor- Aifk:~~; St~v~~~J hi:S;adicalism, 151 Alaska, 574 B::~llor;:o;;5~e~'5':44 Albany. 2ll, 279. 475 Beaumarchais, attitude of, toward Amer­ Albert, Prince, 567 ica, 267; authorized to supply merchan· Alleghanies, the, lll, 337 dise to America, 268 Allen, Ethan, 113, 474; the capture of Bedford County, 505 Fort Ticonderoga by, 62-64 Bell's Mills, 4'9 Amboy,. 281 Bemis's HeIghts. .249, 250 Andre, Major, communications of A~"Dold Bennington, 60, 249, 258, 261; the battle with, 477, 478; interview of, with Ar­ nold, 479; accepted papers from Arnold, UB~~ck.24S~2a1?~."th:S7victory of, 248 480; the capture of, 481 et seq.; the fate Blanca, Florida. 330 of, 489, 490 Blandford, 502 Annapolis, 499, 550 Board of War, the, 310, 311 Anne, Fort, 233 Boone, Daniel, 334, 381 . Arbuthnot. Admiral, 362, 363, 364, SOD Boston, 53, 54. 65, 67, 68, 70, 71. 73, 77, 78, Armand, Colonel, 376 79, 81, 98, 103, 109, IJ8, 135, 137. 143, Armstrong, General, 126 et seq. 1%5, 150, 154, 156, 180, 184, 2.25, 324, Armstrong, John, injustice to the Conti- ~~~' t~~3'm:~~h ~f4'Lf:~t._~~I~ne1io~mt~h Ar~eOI~~l B~:lJicte~I~~~d26~~' 4SI~~ 481, 482, from, 34; an attack on, proposed by Washin$1on. IJO; the victory over the i~6; 1~!' :?t!~~000~ Q~~b~c~f;o~; ~~e~~~: British In, 113, 114 cour, 228; joined Schuyler, 234; rumor Boston Neck, 41, 110; fortified by Gage, of his advance to relieve Gansevoort, B:~man, warned the minute men at Lex· it:i~h~!O~s~~ ;~~~Y~=ii'e:ea; oit h?se~~~~ ington, 35 593 594 INDEX

Braddock, General, 12, 279 dition to, 474; the cession of, suggested Brandywine, the,' 290, .299, 300, 323, 460; by Franklin to Great Britain, 533 the battle of, 284 et seq. Cane Creek, 383 Bratton, Colonel,. 371, 37.2 Canning, George, 563 Brattonsville, 37 I I Cape Fear River, 126 Breed's Hill, 84, 90, 95, 98; fortified by Carleton, 185, 230, 232, 248, 475; the vic· the Americans, 74 tory of, 108; retreat of, from Crown Brest, 472 Point, 201; advance of, down the Hud· Breymann, Colonel, 242; came to Baum's son, 228; superseded by Burgoyne, 229; relief at Bennington, 247; killed in successor to Clinton, 530 battle, 258 Carlisle, Lord, 316 Bright, John, 567 Carolinas, the, 374, 380, 381, 393, 432, Bristol, 208 505; loyalists in, 123; civil war in, 354 "Bristol," the, ]29. 130 Carpenters, the Hall of the, 4 Broad River, 401, 406 Castine, 467 Caswell, 123, ISS, 375, 377 ~~~~kiy~eiI~r:hts, 189, 190, ]91; fortified, Catawba River, the, 372, 383, 401, 411 184 Catherine, ~ueen of Russia, 181 Brown, Colonel, attack of, on Ticonderoga, 25 0 ~~:~:1!~~ l:~e~' ::1; B8~rgoyne's expediw Brunswick, 221, 222, 281 tion on, 232 Brunswickers, .242, 247, 256 Charles I., 14, 16, '72 Bunker Hill, 97. lIS, II 6, 130, 138, 145. Charles II., 26 146, 180} 242, 248, 266, 460, 522, 530; Charleston, 135, 158, 159, 180, 225, 282, the order to occupy ana fortify issued, 356, 361, 367, 369, 372, 373, 383, 408, 74; the battle of" 81 et seq.; seizure of, 426, 431, 434. 435, 436, 439. 470; the arrival by the British, go; the significance of of the British at, 126; the fortification the battle of, go et seq.; the losses at, of, 128; attacked by Parker, 134; move­ 9.2, 93; news of, brought to Washington, ment of Clinton on, 362; evacuated, 98 442 Burdell's plantation, 439 Charlestown, fortified by the American Burgoyne, Sir John, 71, 270, 272, 278, 279, troops, 73 et seq.; set fire to by the 280, 291, 299, 300, 301, 302, 306, 331, 353, British, 83 Charlestown Neck, 32, 73; advance of the ~~:' 21:,4' 2]!f' d:l~~ecf4gy 1?c5~U;1~~:-a~~~~ British upon, 78 et seq. 236; decision of, to raid the country, Charlotte, 375, 377, 379, 385, 392, 395, 242; the blow dealt him at Bennington, 396, 445 248, 249; at the battle of' Freeman's Chatham, Lord, 93. 146, 567; words of, Farm, 250, 251; determined to stand his with regard to the papers transmitted ground, 255; a disastrous battle, 256; by the American Congress, 20, 21. See his conditional surrender, 258; the fail· Pitt, William ure of his expedition, 261, 262; signifi· Chatterton's Hill, 198 cance of the surrender of" 264 et seq.; Cherry Valley, 327 news of, received in England, 269; COllw Chesapeake, the, 126, 282, 500, 508, 509. junction of, with Howe, feared by 512, 513, 514 Washington, 281, 282 Chester. 288, 289 Burke, Edmund, 1 S, 16, 93, 567 Chew house. the, 291, 295 Choate, Rufus. 176 ~~~f~r,IOtolone], 459. 504 Church of England, the, opposttton in lluttrick, Major, at Concord, 45 Massachusetts to the establishment of, 26; loyalist clergymen of, 152 CABINET, the British, the two factions in, Civil War, the, 567, 573, 574 530, 531 Clark, his criticism of Washington, 306 Cadwaladerj." General, at Trenton, 208; Clark, General George Rogers. 353, 381; duel of \,;onway with, 311 the plan of, for carI:~ing war into lUi· Cahokia 344, 345 nois, 337; received Henry's encoura~e· Cambridge, 32, 42, 98, 141, 474; the outw ment, 338; the attack of, on Kaskaskia, break at, 28, 29; excitement in the 339·343; won Kaskaskia over to the camp at, 80; the condition of the Amerw American cause, 344; implored by the ican army at, 87; the arrival of Wash­ French not to go away, 345; news of ington at, 100 Camden, 93, 146, 392, 393, 396, 401, 408, ~~mi!i~~;~ ~l.ro:~h J>:~i~~~ t~t t1~: 417, 42 7, 428, 431, 432, 567; the ad­ cennes, 347, 3SI; signj~.gf his vic­ vance of Gates on, 375; the engagement tory, 352 at, 376.378; reasons for the defeat, 379 Campbell, Lord William, Colonel, 123, ~l:~~~: ~?: Francis, 258 124; urged attacking Charleston, 126; Cleaveland, Colonel, 383, 386 Savannah captured by, 354; the seve-rity Clermont, 375 of, 355; Augusta taken by, 355 Cleveland, Mr., 566 Campbell, William, 382, 420, 427; took Clinton, George. at the second Congress, command of an expedition, 383 et seq. Canada, 142, 143. 144. 225. 228. 229. 241, 249, Cl~:ton, Sir Henry, 7', II6, 279, 326, 327, 266, 270; expeditions to, 106 et seq. ide­ 369, 399, 460, 468, 477, 479, 484, 490, feat of the attempts to get possessIOn of. 493, 497, 499, 500, 501, 505, 508, 509; 109i enlistment of Canadians on the side advice of, to Howe. 90; in command of of the British, 230; failure of the plan the British campaign in the South, 125 for the invasion of, 3 I I; Arnold's expe- et seq.; made a proclamation, 128; his INDEX 595

manCEUvres at Fort Sullivan, 1.2.9 et seq.; Greene's demands, 394; ignored Mor­ bis troops in a useless pOSItion, Ill; gan, 4°1; activity in, 45J; discussion of biB departure from South Carolina, 134j plan of, to meet Burgoyne on the Hud­ ~~e s~;;::'~t of\J=hi'!;Jg~: !~~ ~ tbl:~rre I~!~ son. 229; started from New York, zss; ters of \Vashington to, 472 i at last ga VI.! given the British command, 315; delays Arnold a commission, 475; Arnold ac­ of, 316; tbe battle of Monmouth. 318 et quitted of Reed's charges by a commit­ tee of, 477; again indifferent to \Vas11- :~~~m~t r~v,ea:~w!:~; ~~rl~6st~e:: ~::~ ington, 492; method of, of quelling a the proclamation of 364; the assertion mutiny, 493; inefficiency of, 493; Morris of, with regard to South Carolina, 367; made Superintendent of Finances by, Stony Point fortified by, 456; move­ 495; frightened by another mutiny, 507; ment of, into New Jersey, 470; his lack told by Washington of the possibility 01 of troops. 47 J; expeditions sent by. into his moving southward, 509; plan ot, to Virginia, 498, 499; alarmed, 51 I; per- reduce the army, 513; a peace commis-' to sion selected by, 532; the instructions. ro~:d ?h::e:he Sit~~ti~:U~~' ~~:~to~n~ of, violated by Franklin, 541; Washing­ was desperate, 519; tardy arrival of, to ton aided by, in increasing the army. aid Cornwallis, 52.2; his official report 543; warned of danger by . Washington, of the defeat at Yorktown. 5.29; suc­ 544; injustice of, to the army, 544, 545; ceeded by Carleton. 530 listened to the appeal of Washington, Clinton, Fort, 255 546; Washington's commission returned to, 550 ~t~~~t ~ng. 47 Congress, the Provincial, of Massachusetts, Cobden, Richard;' 567 desire of, for peace and union. 29; ad- Coffin, 439 Collier, Sir George, 467 i:~~m5~~t ~, J:~as:~: :nleW~s~in~~:: Concord. 50, 59, 90, J38, J80, 527, 553, 110 559; munitions of war stored at, 3J; the Connecticut, 53, 59, 106, 267, 502, 507; town warned bI Prescott, 32; the ap· rights of, discussed in Congress, 145; expedition of Tryon into, 455 :::::sh f~!nJhilie~:.it~~b; ~:afi:ht 4:i th~ Connecticut \ River, 24.a Conway. 320; weaver of a plot against Co':;~~:~ k~'v:r~ the, 432, 439 Vt.'ashington, 309-3J I Congress, the first American, 559; dele- Conway, motion of, in Parliament, against :d~~edtby,4;:;; tlPee~:~~ti~; Offth~~~~~ conttnuing the American war, 530 ::~:tis~-~t : dJournment of, 25; can· ~~~r::, R;l::r, pt~r7ra1i5 of Samuel Adams 5 by, 7 Copp', Hill, 78 CO:l,r~~~, 6~~e p::bfen':s !~f;!~~?~g,m;;~i6~ Cornwallis, Lord, 288, 299, 372. 380, 382, et seq.;, delegates from Georgia in, 124 385, 390, 391, 395, 396, 401, 406, 40~, COW':hi~gt::~' 1 1!19;res:~~bft~ty o:~sti~~ ~j; ~h'e t~df:~' gf:'iJO~o~~~' ~~~lf~!: on. 136-143; adjournment of, 143; reas- 126; at Newton and Princeton, 2J7-222; crossed the Brandywine, 287; marched ~~~I~:poi::~d l~tt~~m':!it~eas~~n~~~ei~ into Philadelphia, 290; at Charleston, Relations, 149; demanded that Boston 364; at Camden, 376 et seq.;. forced to abandcn his northern march, 393 j an :: :!':~I~t i~d~~~j~c~h~l'~~~e~oi~~i~~: ~~~~ai~n c~~~~tdeGre!~: :~sO_:~6:h~h: d~:ft e\h:e}ieci:ra~~~~ed0; I~o&:i~!l:n!~ movements forced upon him by Greene, ! 57; a plan for the destruction of New 496 et seq.; evaded by Lafayette. 502- York submitted to, 195; lack of fore· 504; intrenched himself at Yorktown, sight and determination in, 205; ad­ 505; shut in at Yorktown, 515; at the journment of. to Baltimore, 207i failed siege of Yorktown. 516 et seq.; sur­ render of, 525 :~ s:!r.re0rtS~hc~;I~~~~' ;t:de.sel!~~~d ~~\~~ Cornwallis, Fort, 432 Cowpens, the, 385, 401, 408. 410, 41.2, ~na:!~ ~~;m~~s :e~. ito a~~to~i!:r Aa:t~~; . 445; the victory at the, 404-406 Lee to ascertain the attitude of Europe Creasy, Sir Edward. 263 toward America. 266; appointed Deane Creoles, 340, .145, 347 an agent to jo'rance, 267; sent Fral)klin Cro)t!5wicks, 319 to Paris, 268; sent John Adams too Crown Point, 201, 228; capture of, 63 France, 272; flight of. from Philadel­ Cruger. 380, 390, 433. 434, 435 phia, 290; failed to appreciate Washing­ Currency, paper, 454 ton, 300 et seq.; carping and fault­ finding in, 306 et seq.; its attitude tow· ard foreigners in the army, 309; the DAMAS, COUNT DE, 5]9 Conway·pa~ in, 310; visit of a commit- Dan River. 4JI, 414, 415. 417 Davidson, 369, 41.2 f~~ ~:3;toprod!~ld ~~~g~Ji~i~s i~~ri~~~ Davie, 369 federation. 328; a distressing spectacle, Dawes, William, warned Lexington of the J29; se.nt Benjamin Lincoln South, 35S; approach of the British, 32-34 Its chOice of a general for the army In Dean. John, 483 . the South, 374; allowed Washington Deane. Silas. 156, 309; appointed an agent to select a commander, 393; granted to France, 267; attacked by Lee, 268; 596 INDEX

received ~ Vergennes, 270; his place "Farmer, the Westchester," 152 taken by John Adams, 272 "Farmer's Letters," the, 152 Dearborn, 256 I Febiger, Colonel, 459 De Barras, 507, 512, 514; his feelings ine Ferguson, Patrick, 327, 380, 381, 38.." jured, 509; conciliated, SIO 391; at the battle of King's Mountain, De Bonvouloir sent secretly to America, 385-390; death of, 390 266 Fisheries_ See Newfoundland De Grasse, 507, 510, SII, 512, 516, 543 i letter Fishing Creek, 371 of, saying that he would c6·operate in a Fishkill River, the, 258 movement against Cornwallis, 508, 509; Fitzherbert, 539 appeal of Washington to, 5[4 Flint Hill, 384, 385, 386 De Kalh, 268, 309; sent South by Wash- Florida, 353, 508; plan of Washington to ington, 373; the death of, 377 invade, 506, 507 Deep River, 425 Florida, East, 129 De Peyster, 389. 390 Floridas, the, 573 De Rochambeau, 507, 508 510; in New· "Flying IVlachine," the, 2 port, 471, 472; at Hartford, 47~; oppo­ Ford, 427 sition of, to a plan of W ashmgton '5, Fordham, 198 506; visit of, to Mount Vernon with Forrest, at Trenton, 217 Washington, 514 Fox, Charles, 424, 530, 531, 532. 533, 534, 540, Delaplace, surrender of, at Ticonderoga, 558 63 France, 330. 526, 528, 535, 539, 540, 541, 562, Delaware, 395; in favof of the indepen­ 575; hold of, lost on North America, dence of the colonies, IS7, 158 12, 266; efforts of, to sound the Govern­ Delaware River, '207, 208, 282, 295, 327 ment of America, 266 et seq.; the atti­ Democracy, the significance of the Revo­ tude of, toward America, .269 et seq.; lution, as the beginning of a movement two treaties made with America, .270; actuated by the spirit of, 55.2 et seq. in Voltaire's time, 276 et seq.; money Demont, \Villiam, .200 borrowed in, 329; desire of, for peace, Derby, Lord, 229 450, 45 I; negotiations of Franklin with, D'Estaing, appeared off New I York, 325, 533, 534; meddled with the conditions 514; at Newport, ~26; captured four of peace, 536; revolution in, 553, 5S4. 555, men-of-war, 357; hIS brave attack on 557, 560 Savannah, 358 Franklin, Benjamin, I, 140, 160, 167, 267, Detroit, [44, 332, 340, 346, 35[ 315, 457; the European reputation of, Deux Ponts, Count de, 519 12; the influence of, 57, 58; his plan Dickenson, ,.320 for a confederate government, 142; on a Dickinson, John, 144, 146, 156, 159; the committee in Congress, 145; appointed address to the King drawn up by, 20; on a committee to draft the Declaration leader of a movement to set the griev­ of Independence, 157; interview of De ances of the colonies before Great Brit­ Bonvouloir with, 266; on a commission ain, and before certain American colo­ sent to France, 268; encouraged by Ver- nies, 67; drafted a second petition to the King, 140; the "Farmer's Letters," ~;n~h~ F~~~:ti° ~::d::;;~~ :;i!~ ~ ~~!:!~~ ]52; his, .conservatism, 158 and Franklin, 275; coldly received by Dillon, Count, 34 King Louis, 277; diplomatic negotiations Dobb's Ferry, 198 of, with England, 53.2 et seq.; the tri­ umph of, 540, 541 g~~~fi~s;~~~r2!,6 562 Franklin, Governor William, 146; arrested, Dorchester Heights, tbe plan of the British [57 to seize, 73; the plan given up, 90; Franklin, Tennessee, 381 works thrown up on, 113 Fraser, 250, 251; mortally wounded, 256j Dunmore, Lord, flight of, from Virginia, buried in an intrenchment, 258 121-123; "Lord Dunmore's War," 400 Frederick of Prussia,. 12, 125, 182, 223, 264, 27J, 314 EAST FLORIDA, 354 Freehold, 3[9 East River, 184, 196 Freeman's Farm, the battle of, 250, 251; Edward, Fort, 233; arrival of Burgoyne at, 235; Stark at, 258 :~: ~~le~n25~~thA~~i~ :t~2~7;esults of Elk River, the, 284, 299, 500 French, the, 3.29, 330, 347, 357, 358, 439, 1 ~:h~tr.eB~itis~ i1inister at Berlin, 271 ~i~: :l;: 5415~' 5i~~' a19~e~:~~t,5~~S_;~:; settlements of, on the western frontier of E~~~a~~hePf~~l~~er. ~:I ;mfh: j~fo~e~fli the Colonies, 337; at Kaskaskia, 339 passed by, 555; the effect of American et seq.; their unwillingness to have Clark leave them, 345; their desertion, E~~~~heC~~~~eel~~h;.6~5~t seq, 346; at Vincennes, 348 et seq.; at York­ Europe, passim; attitude of, toward Amer­ town, 519 et seq. ica, sounded by Congress, 266 et seq. Freneau, 15.2 Eutaw Springs, 445; the battle of, 439, 440; results of the battle, 441 GADSDEN, CHRISTOPHER, 4; in command Ewing, 208 of a regiment in South Carolina, 127 "Experiment," the, 129. 130 Gage, General, 116; his efforts to Que~l the uprising in .Boston, 28-30; gave hIS at­ FABIUS, the word applied to Wasbington. tention to Smith's appeal, 40; inconsis­ 30 I, 306, 324 tency of. 71; called a council of war, Falmouth destroyed by the British, 121 78; taught a lesson by Washington, 110 INDEX 597

Gansevoort, Colonel, attacked in Fort proval of Congress, 393; his demands Stanwix, 2J9; refused to surrender, 241 granted, 394; his preparations for a southern campaign, 395 et seq.: gave Ga:::: ~;~~tl0~pioi:'tej94Ad1~~~ntG~ne~~1: Morgan a separate command, 401; his 68; came to Washington's aid, 208; se~ campaign in the Soutb, 409 et seq.; his lecred to supersede Schuyler, 248; his ride in search of :Morgan, 411; his ef~ large army, 249; the battle of Freeman's forts to prevent the advance of Cornwal~ lis southward, 412-425; determined to !~~~' e!5g0~g;~1 ;B~~:~;!!!e~f'2~J~h dt:i"o.!:f accept battie, 419: the battle at Guilford insist on unconditional surrender, 258; Court House, 420-424; decided on a new {V0tesQue comparisons between him and movement, 426; attacked at Hobkirk's Hill by Lord Rawdon,427,428; results of ofa~hi=~J ~fo '\~~r,sei~~; a~~~e N~~~g the southward movement, 431; attack of, again, 311; selected by Congress to com· on Ninety-six, 433,434; withdrawal of, to mand the army in the South, 374; his the hills of the Santee. 435; angry at the decision to advance on Camden, 375; at execution of Colonel Hayne, 436; at the Camden. 376-379 battle of Eutaw Springs, 439, 440; rein~ George 111., 10, 11, 15, 16, 22, 140, 183, forced by Wayne, 441; the evacuation of Charleston, 442; the end of his ad­ =~~ck7 ;he 27~~u1~:~n54:~I~~ies~e~i;;~n r~ mirable campaign, 445~447; tribute of fused to receive the bearer of a petition from Congress. 146; his proclamation, ~~>::;~; this 4~~~e~:i"'innt f~r~i~gont~~~~ 149; a tyrant, 172; attempts of, to obtain wallis north, 496-498 mercenaries, 181, 182; had directed that Grenville, Thomas, 533, 534 Indians be employed, 231; his obstinacy, Grey, General, attack of, on Wayne, 290 52 9 George, Lake. 235, 250 g~!~!:~~, 7;ort, 432 Georgetown, 367 Grimaldi, 271 Georgia, 355, 364, 372, 436, 448, 506;, Guilford, 412, 427, 441, 445, 501; the representative of, in the second Conti· nental Congress, 66; at the outbreak of G!i}~l:da~ot~~-li~use, 4 19 the Revolution, 124, 125;' conquest of, Gun by. Colonel, 427 Gunning, 181 ~::n:g Ylft thby Brf~S:~ln 35t~ ~~~pI~;: possession of, 357; the British policy of HADRELL'S POINT, 127 devastation in, 361; in the control of HaH, Lyman, in the second Continent!!l the enemy, 432; Wayne in, 442 Congress, 66 Gerard. sent as minister to the United States, 270; activity of, among members H~~:!to:, 4 ;A!h:a~~:~~;~~s ;(,6~o:8~he 4?~: of Congress, 452 depen~nce of the Colonies, 152; his Germain, Lord George, 248, 255. 279; description of Valley Forge, 30S; at Yorktown, 519 fl:::i~hd c!m~~~~air.~n~~:P b~~e 3~~~t~~~~ Hamilton, Henry, the "hair-buyer," 332, left the Cabinet, 530 l33; news of the invasion of Illinois Germans in the British army, 182, 230, 232 3~~~g~it:~keJ4t~ wCl~~k tOat mvi~c~~~~; Germantown. 289. 300, 323, 324, 460; Hi~~t05;; a~~t~lr~;onL~~l5Dunmore, 122 ~:an:~rl OfHH~'!ve a~ro!I,8 6:~ seq.; with· Germany, 554. 555, 568 H~~~~c;~;J;::~J9~y rp!~feR~~er~~ 3~~x~~~= Gibraltar, 450, SJ9 suaded to go to Woburn with Samuel Adams, 34; a delegate at the second g~~~~~n~~'Jr~~ 566 American Congress, 54, 58; president of Gloucester, 50S, 515, 521, 525 the second Congress, bS, 66 s Hand, 212; at the battle of Trenton, 217 g~~d~~. It;., 2~! Hanging Rock, 372 Gowanus Creek, 190 Harlem Heights, 196, 197 Granby, Fort, 432 Harrison, Benjamin, a member of the sec~ ond Continental Congress, 66; on a • g~:~sla1~~i~~~, 5;;0. 352 committee, 145 Greece. 555 Hartford. 473 Green an authority on George 111., 172 Green Spring, 505 U:;,eri:r:;: ih~, 419 Greene. Colonel, at Fort Mercer, 296 Hayne, Colonel. 436 Greene, Nathaniel, 199, 299, 315. 319. 406, Hazlewood. Commodore, 296 Heath, General, 52, 68. 5 II ~3:po~~~d47B~i:~~ie~~e~~~~I,50t8; 5i~1 cSo~: Heister, 189 mand on Long Island. 189; declared Fort \\'ashington impregnable, 200; I::~~y, J~atrick. 10, 12, 18; at the first joined \Vashington with his army, 202; Congress, 8, 9; at the second Congress, the attack on Trenton, 21 I, 212; at 57; encouraged Clark, 338 Chad's Ford, 288; at Germantown, 291, Herkimer, General, 261; expedition of, to relieve Fort Stanwix. 239 et seq.; mor~ ::~a::e~8~~~~!f,hi;i4~9:i ~~'!!;o~t~~:~: tally wounded, 239 326; Washington's choice of, not in~ Herrick, 243 . dorsed by Congress, 374; selected as Hessians, 183, 205, 208, 242, 261, 296, commander by \\'ashington with the ap~ 299. 439, 464. 470; obtained by King INDEX

George, 18z; at Trenton, 212 et seq.; Clark in the west, 352; expedition of at the battle of Bennington, 243 et seq. Sullivan against, 468 See Germans Italy, 556 Highlanders, the. in' North Carolina, 123; ACKSON, 563 Hiifs~~~~~~h~f'3;H,5 401, 417 amaica Plain, 30 iames, Major, 367, 369 ~~h~~3:Sat~~Pt 4~I'K1~:' G~~~ge4i~ obtain James River, the, 471, 50S mercenaries in, 18]; an effort of Con­ Jamieson. Colonel, 487; conduct of, with gress to sound the attitude of, 268; re­ reference to ltlajor Andre, 482, 483 fused to aid England. 271; war made by England on, 452 ~:~::;, '5~:rgeant, 130 Holston, 339, 381, 38z ]:iY, Jolm, 541, 562; at the first American Hood, 51 I, 512 Congress, 4; address to the people of "Hopewell, 318 Great Britain drawn up by, 20; at the Hopkins, 4 second Congress, 57; advised the de­ struction of New York, 195; sent as 11~~:;nSh~e I~iain. 348 envoy to Spain, 453; a peace commis­ Howard, John Eager, 396, 399, 405 sioner, 532; message' of Franklin to, Howe, Robert, the retaliatory expedition 533; his strong stand on the question of, 354 of the Mississippi, 535, 539; desired Par­ Howe. General Sir William, 71, 1I6, I8S, liament to acknowledge the indepen­ 215, 270, 279. 290, 302, 303. 323, 399; dence of the Colonies, 535; made the called for reinforcements, 80; in com­ draft of the treaty of Paris, 536; value mand of the British advance on Bunker of his diplomatic services, 540 Hill, 8] et seq.; the evacuation of Bos­ Jefferson, Thomas, 59, 158, 168, 171; in ton, ] 14; advance of the British on New the second Congress, 66; on the com­ York, 184 et seq.; landing of, at Kip's mittee to draft the Declaration of Inde­ Bay, 196; movement of, toward Fort pendence, 157, 160; his character, 160- \Vashington, ]99; the capture of Fort 164; his blow at the royal power, 172; \Vashington, 200, 201; plan of, to unite his imagination and foresight, 175; the with CarletQn on the Hudson, 228, 229; spirit of the Declaration, 176-179; inter­ the instructions directing him to join view of Greene with., 395; his efforts to Burgovne delayed, 230; his movements prepare for the defence of Virginia, 499; after • the battle of Princeton, 281 et escape of, from Tarleton, 503; efforts seq.; crossed the Brandywine, 287; met of, to bring about close relations be­ by Was~ington at West Chester, 289; tween England and the United States, 562; the Louisiana purchase, 573 ~r:~tiMVl1i~S!~~~d'i:9i~11°~~~~ss~: ~f ersey City, 463 erseys, the, 491. See New Jersey :;,t::laa~el~~~ite~ir;h~v~~~~d r~~al~~~h;~f~ iohnson, moved that Washington be made ovation to, in Philadelphia, 316; the ap· Commander-in-chief, 67 pearance of, at Newport, 326 ohnson, 106 Huck, Captain, 372: attacked by Colonel ohnson, Sir John, 1 SS Bratton, 37 I ohnson, Fort, 127 Hudson River, 59, 226, 249, 258, 264, 269, 279, 281. 448, 460, 470, 478, 490, 556, ~~i~~, J:en l~~:~~ ~l,O 15 578, 586: the fight for the Hudson, 184- J 201; determination of \Vashington to KASKASKIA, 345, 346, 348; the capture of, keep the line of, open, 449. 455. 468; 339, 340; the departure of Clark from, failure of the first British campaign for, 347 . 557 j the second attempt for, 557 Kenlon, 334; Clark aided by, 339 Huger, 411, 41.2 . Kentucky, 333, 337. 381, 572; the sioneers ~!, t~~4 r:l~efi;j, ~i8rk authorize to go ILLINOIS, 337. 345, 346; Clark instructed Kingsbridge, 184 to invade, 338 j the news of the invasion King's Ferry, 255, 456, 468 brought to Hamilton, 345 King's Mountain, 392, 393, 395, 406, 408. Independence, the Declaration of, 265, 410, 498; the battle of, 385-390; decisive- 268 j a committee appointed to draft, ness of the battle, 391 ( 157; the work of preparing the draft Kingston, 255 intrusted to Jefferson, 157. 160; sub· 67 mitted to Congress and published, 167; ~!i~:"l~~' (?o~~n~~?' :t Charlestown, 8o; read to the army under \Vashington, the death of, 196 168; misplaced criticisms of, 168 et seq.; Knox, Henry, 113, 487 the spirit of the Declaration, 176-179 Knyphausen. 319, 470; at Chad's Ford, Indians, the, 106, 183, 234, 242, 244. 261, 287, 288 345, 381, 390, 400, 432, 442, 457, 562; in Kosciusko. 268, 417 Burgoyne's army, 230-232; the murder of Miss McCrea, 235, 236: at Fort Stan­ LAFAYETTE, 487, 512, 514; determined to wix, 236 et seq.; flight of, from Fort enlist in the American cause, 268; aided Stanwix, 241; on the western frontier Green, 299; his description of Valley of the Colonies, 331 et seq.; couriers Forge, 30~; his enthusiasm, 309; the at­ sent out to alarm the, 345; their return tempt of' Howe to surprise, J 16; dis­ to British allegiance. 346; at Vincennes, placed by Lee, 319; sent to Sullivan's 348 et seq.; the con federacy of the p,id, 325; detached to pursue Arnold, Indians WIth the British broken by 499. 500; march of, to Richmond. 501; INDEX 599

evasion of Cornwallis by, 502-504; at the Lon!!, Island Sound, 327 battle of Green Spring, 50S; given com­ Louts XV!., King of France, 270, 277. mand of a redoubt, 519 520. 527 Lameth, Chevalier de, 519 LOu~sia:na. the purchase of, 573 Lancaster, 290 LOUIsvIlle, 339 Langdon, Samuel, 74 Lovell, f Laurens, John, 442; letter of. Washin«ton to, 494; at Yorktown, 519; on a peace LOt~~l, fr::::esth:i~~:m~"nde~fv~h~ acltj:~: commission. 533; inserted a clause relat­ nental Anny, 306 ing to slaves in the Paris treaty, SJ9 h Lauzun, the »uc de, SIS. 516, 528 L°So~:~' 3~~~' S~~~~i;'y41~f;~;k:J7 fo:na: : J condition of peace, 535, 536, 539 t::~:J. 4;9., 256 Lynch on a committee, 145 l.echmere 1)oint, 34 Lynch's Creek, 375 LeI;l: ~; E. H., an authority on George Lynn Haven Bay, 512 Ledyard, Colonel, 502 MACDONALD, FLORA, 123 Lee, Arthur, 330; authorized by Congress "Mad Anthony," 458, 467- to ascertain the attitude of Europe tow­ Magaw, Colonel, 200 ard America. 266; interviewed by Beau­ Magna Charta, I? 5 marebais, 267; misrepresented Deane, A;laine. Arnold's march through, 106, 475 268; considerately treated in Berlin, 271 Maine boundary, the, 533, 536 Lee, General Charles, 68, 158, 207; pro. Maitland, Colonel, 357, 358 nounced a fort in South Carolina use­ Malagrida. 531 less, 126; urged building a bridge for Malvern, 50S his troops to retreat over, 127; captured, Manhattan Island, 195, 199, 508; fortified .205; Gates compared to him, .249; his by \Vashington, 510 one conviction, 318; his conduct at the Marie Antoinette, 270 battle of Monmouth, 319, 320 l-IarioD, Francis, 369, 373, 375, 392, 393. Lee, Henry, 396, 399. 416, 417, 418, 420, 423, 1 6 426, 428, 431, 435, 441, 445, 446• 459; M::tta,:2~in~~~rd~3~~7435'. 439, 44 , 44 authorized to raise a regiment of caval- Martin, Governor, 123 Maryland, 395; in favor of the indepen~ ~~~; J:i;iv!r5~f, I.::tN?::t~~~x,~:::; tr~ dence of the Colonies, 157 attack, 434; at the battle of Eutaw Massachusetts. 53, 57, 65, 66, Jl8, UI, 125. ~ringS, 440; attack of, on Paulus !:6fir:t3t:o~:~~S:4f~o~,674.7 ~2l~e ~~f~f~~~ Lee.oR~~h!~~·4:Uenry, 158, 306; at the first tion of resistance to England in. 26 et American Congress, 7; at the second seq.; the Provincial Congress of, 29. 30, f ~eO:l:~:' o51ihemc~t:ni~:: I;6 the in de- ~~d 9~~n~r~;s,del:gates from, at the sec- Lee. Fort. 199; evacuated, .20.2 Matthews, Generaf. 455, 456 Leitch, Major, 196 Maurepas, 261 Leslie, Colonel, 29. 498 Mawhood, Colonel, at Princeton, 218 Lexington. So. 59, 90. ISO, lSI, 474, 559; M"!riilielhJ~~, 2:8' 319, 470 ; encounter of, expedition of the British to, discovered, 3 J; the ride of Revere to, 32; advance of Mayham, Lieut.~Colonel, 433 the British toward, 34. 35; the first McClary, Major Andrew, the death of, at bloodshed of the Revolution at. 36; the Bunker Hill, 90 McCrea, Miss, 235, 236 "LT:~:~:r~ 1f:~ry~~rcSeet~:,g~e::y McDonough, 563 Lincoln, Benjamin, 369. 372, 373. 408. McDougal. General, 198 L~I;gg:J~. h~~o~~~eG~~i!~ :~; ::a:eq~~ ~~g~=:~/s ~:rd, 412 McHenry, 484 ~~~:~i ~7, ~~ rCh~~I;:::;:~si613;57~iswi~~: McLane, Captain, 464 cision to wait for the British at Charles­ 1\'ledford, 32 ton, 362 et seq.; made a prisoner of 1\'Iercer at Princeton, 218 war. 364 .l\lercer, Fort, attacked, 296 Merriam's Comers, 46 t~~~i; ~~:!~ il~er, the, 406 Mexican .War, the, 573 2 Middlebrook, 281, 327 !-rit!:ly~Hg tt!~rb~r, 3 7 Middlesex elections, the, 14 Livingston, Ro~ert, at the second Amer­ :Miftlin, Thomas, an opponent of Wash­ ican Congress, 58; on a. committee to ington, 310; put under Washington's draft the Declaration of Independence, orders. 31 I 157 Mifflin, Fort, 295, 296 Logan, 334. 38 I Miller, Fort.· 234 London, news of Yorktown received in, 529 ~H~i!~:;~' t~~eBriti:h, ~~~~~~~n;3:'2;62. 270, Londonderry, 94 315, 317. 331, 353, 367, 471, 497. 530• Long, Colonel, retreat of, from Ticon~ 532, 536, 567. See North, Lord, and derora. 2,3:3 Rockingham, Lord Long slane, IO/i". 196, 197, 198, 28g, 323; the 5 landing of British·-troops on, 189; '·the ~~~~t~:r;::d t~:, ~~Jf~r~l, b;; ~~:e;:~t;~~ aroused at Lexington by Bowman, 35; L!,:!t1Isl~~d,'llr.-c.~ 1:z8, 129, 130, 133 the fight· at Concord Bridge, 45;' their 600 INDEX

mode of fighting, 46·49; at Bunker Hill, 476; representatives of, in the second 89; in North Carolina, 1.23, ISS Congress, 58; in favor of independence, Mischianza, the, 3 I 6 IS' j ~ but refus.ed to vQte, 158, ..t..S9; at­ Mississippi RiveT, the, 337, 352, 453, 535, tack~ of ~il:IDllton on ,the frontier of, 536; proposed to England as the western 332; expeditIOn of Sulhvan against the boundary of the United States, 534 Indians in, 468 MississipPI Valley, the, 330, 331 New York, the Provincial Congress of, !\'Iohawk River, the, 106, 155, 231, 242, the plan of for reconcIliation, 139 249 Newburg, 546 1\fonk's Corner, 431 Newcastle, 198 ~lonmouth. the battle of, 319-323. 325, Newfoundland, 325; fisheries of, in the 400; results of the battle, 651, 652 Paris treaty, 5J4, 535, 536, 539 Monmouth Court House, 3 I 9 Newport, 324, 328, 471, 472, 499, 507, Monroe, James; 573. 575 510 j cannon at, removed from the reach l\1onroe Doctrine, the .. 563. 575 of the British, 29; the attack on, 32:;-327 Montgomery, 49, 68, 474; capture of Newspapers, 15.z Montreal by. 106; joined Arnold, 107; Newtown, 468 death of, 108 Nichols, 243 Montgomery, Fort, 255 Ninety-six. 433. 434, 435 :Montreal, caJ.>tured by Montgomery. 106; Norfolk, the burning of, 122 the Americans obliged to withdr,\w North, Lord, 53, 143, 160, 356, 529, 530; from, 109 overwhelmed by the news of Saratoga,. Moore, Thomas. 564 269. See :Ministry, the British Morgan forced to surrender at Quebec, North Bridge, the fight at, 45 108 North Carolina, 372, 382, 392, 401, 432; Morgan, Daniel, 248, 250, 256, 261, 396, attitude of, toward the Crown at the 410, 41 I, 412, 414, 445; the story of his life. outbreak of the Revolution, 123; raided 400 et seq.; his en~agement with Tarle­ by Cornwallis, 126; arrival of De KaIl> ton, 401-405; his vlctory, 406-408; treat­ in, 373; not in danger of British attack,. ment of Congress of, 477 426; a raid in, 441 Morris, Gouverneur, 306, 496 North River, 196. See Hudson River Morris, Robert, 159. 507, 5°9; account of, N orthcastle, 482, 483 495 et seq.; the liberality of, 558 Norwich, 473 Morristown, 281; mutiny at, 493 Motte, Fort, 431, 432 . OGEECHEE RIVER, 354 :Moulton's Point, i9 O'Hara, General, 525 Moultrie, '''illiam, 355, 356; in South Ohio River, the, 333, 339 Carolina, 126 et seq.; his defence of Old North Church, in Boston. the, lan­ Fort Sullivan, 129 et seq. terns displayed from the belfry of, by :Moultrie, Fort, 363 Paul Revere, 32 Mount Vernon, 514, 549, 551 Oliver, Lieutenant-Governor, resignation :Mowatt, Captain, the destruction of Fal- of, 28 mouth by, 121 Orange, the Prince of, 181 Muhlenberg, General, 459 Orangeburg, 432 Murfree, Major, 459 Oriskany, 241, 248, 261 Oswald, Richard, 540; the envoy of Lord NAPOLEON, 554, 563 Shelburne, 5J2 et seq.; negotiations of, Narrows, the, 325 Neilson's Ferry, 43.2 Ott;,4-A~~rison Gray, a boy when the Rev­ Nelson, 513_ olution broke out, 41 Neversink Hills, the, 319 Otis, James, the declaration of, 23, 24, New Bedford, 70, 326 154, liS New Hampshire, 53, 242, 243; uncertainty of the position of, 146 PACOLET RIVER, 401 New Haven, 474 Paine, Thomas, the career of, 153; the New Jersey, 146, 198, .215, 234, 281, 282, great influence of his pamphlet "Com­ 306, 318, 327, 400, 441, 456, 457, 490, mon Sense," I 54, ISS 5 I I, 554, 624; sustained Congress in the Paoli, 290 movement for indeJ?endence, 157; rav­ Paris, newS of Yorktown received at, 529; ages of the British In, 205; advance of the peace commission at. 532 et seq. Knyphausen into, 470; mutiny in, 493; Paris, the treaty of, 352, 559, 561; con- British troops quartered in, 534 New London, 502 Pa~~e~~dAa~iral Sir Peter •. 125, 133; the New Orleans, 563 inactivity of, 128; his attack on Fort New Salem, 484 Su1Hvan, 129. 130; at Charleston, 134 New York, '91, 196, 255, 279, 282, 283, 284, Pattison, General, 467 299, 3.6, 3.8, 324. 325, 326, 327. 3.8, 353. 362. 448, 453, 455, 456, 46~, 467, 468. 470, 472, ~~~l~~n~o~t 463, 4~4' 467 Peace Commission, the, 316, 317 ~8:.;, 4~~'0 rthe 5'l?';sroj,j~ci' "s;~i\~i~h 5!~: Pedee River, the, 375, 396, 410, 432 tack, 184 et seq.; destruction of, pro­ posed to Congress. 195; head-quarters of ~~~~i~;~;" lytdmund~ 10 the British in, 208; the retreat of Clin­ Penn, Richard, bearer of a petition of ton to, 323 i a movement on, feigned by Congress to the King, 141; refused a Washington, 5II hearing, 146 New York, the. State of. 59, 63, 146, 226, Pennington Road, the, 212 228, 234, 248, 261, 265, 280, 441, 457. Pennsylvania, 2J5, 3J8, 333, 394, 457 j' the INDEX

boundary line of, J44: reluctance of, to begin the war, J46, 'J56; voted to sus­ ~s:~~ \\~as~Jo;~n*re~~~~, f:!~~ d~o.. tain Congress. J57; not in favor of in­ ceived by Clinton, 25S dependence. 158. J59; not represented in the final vote, 159; criticism of the QUARRY HI LL, seizing of stores at, by the Legislature of, J12, 31J; attacks on the British, 28 frontier of. 332 Quebec, 400; the expedition against. 106- et seq.; withdrawal of the Amercan Pe:a~:~t :~~:~a:~e'ot6l~e PU:~~dd S~:ehs~ troops from, 109; Arnold at, 475 Quebec ~ct C?f 1774, the, 534 Pe~~~, Lord, '198; sent by General Gage Queen Vlctona, 567 to quell an uprising, JO; the march of, Quibbletown, 281 to Concord, 40 et seq.. derided by a boy, 41: the withdrawal of his troops, RADEAU, the. 230 ~o; furnished with plans of Fort Wash­ Randolph, Peyton, 7; elected president of mgton, 200 the first Congress, 18; president of the second Congress, 64, 65. his successor ~~~~fot3555 from Virginia, 66 Rahl, Ig8; at Trenton, 208; shot, 212 ~t:ii~d~i~~·ia~°!s. 300, 30[, 302. 312, 313. 315, Ramapo, 281 317, 323, 328, 353, 362, 393, 453, 457, Ramsour's A,.lills, 41 I 463, 476, 477, 495, 511, 512, 527, 543. Rapidan. the, 503 Rawdon, Lord, 375. 425, 426, 431, 496, ~atil4b; ~~e sefi;itis(tan2C:5 :mpa~i~tei:: 497. an efficient commander, 399; attack 205, 2°7; captured Hessians marched of. on Greene, 427, 428; went to the through, by the Americans, 2 I 2; the relief of Ninety-six, 434; Ninety-six marches of Washington to, 282; taken evacuated by, 435; sailed for England. possession of by Cornwallis, 290; with­ 436; captured by the French, 439 drawal of Howe to, from Germantown, Reading, 290 295; in Howe's complete possession, Red Bank, 296, 299 299; ovation to Howe on the occasion Reed, Joseph, 394. 477, 493 of his recall, 316; left by Clinton, 3 J 8 Reedy Fork, 423 Reform Bill, the, 555 ~tnu~:: G~C:;er!j~ 499, SOl. 502 Revere, Paul, the organizer of a band to. watch the movements of the British, 3 I; Pi:;eth~ st:~~n~l X~gu:~: l:t r.i, :;i: the ride of, 32~34 43 2 Revolution, the American, passim; signifi~ Pigot, General, leader of the British as- cance of, 12 et seq.; the first bloodshed sault at Bunker Hill, 81; retreat of, 83 of. 36; its approach not recognized till Pilot Mountain,· 38~ late. 143; the meaning of, 552 et seq.; the effects of, on England and America. ~:!f~~~t L~:j~rj8~r ered to Lexington, 35 560 et seq. Pitt. \Villiam, 14, 94, 125, 450, S58. See . Revolution, the French. 553, 554, 555, 557, Chatham, Lord 560 Pitt, Fort, 345 Rhode Island, 325; the demand of. for a Point of Fork. the, 503 navy, 145; withdrawal of Clinton from, Point Levi, J07 362, 468; departure of the French from. Pomeroy, 68; arrival of, at Charlestown. 508 80 Richmond. 395, 498, 499, SOl. 502, 504 Pontiac's War. 400 ~~b~~~~l~, 2fi~'v:r~~: :~: ~~~;rfi;~, 2~~io~~f. 375 Rocheblave, 339; attacked at Kaskaskia, Portland, 121 Portsmouth. N. H .• 499, 500, 505; supplies R;cti;:~1m~ii.::d~P;jo~~:34. See Minis- try, the British :~ {V::hinf~oo~ :~ed!}~~~h'I:~; the plan Rocky Mount, 372 Prescott, Colonel William, 74, 78, 80, 84. Rodney, 479, 511, 513, 539, 543 93; at Bunker Hill. 77 et seq.; his call Rousseau, 276 for reinforcements, 87; his stand at the Roxbury, arrival of the British at, 4[, 42- third attack, 88; gave the order to re­ Roxbury Neck. See Boston Neck treat, 89, 90 Rugely Mills, 428 Prescott, Dr. Samuel, bore news of the approach of the British to Concord. ~~~~rret~~d If~hn, 172. 301 32-34 Russia, 554, 556; refused troops to Eng... Prevost, 355; to be in command of the land... 18x, 271 j the neutrality of, 452 southern campaign, 353; two expeditions Rutledge, 4 sent out by. 354; his movements in Rutledge, John. 4. 127. 133. President of South Carolina, 126 !:,e~~~r~na~~: :;:t hi~db~:~e baePe~::a!~1 Prince of \Vales, the, 372 SALEK, the danger of a conflict at, .29 Princeton, 217, 226, 264, 281, 323, 493; the battle of, 218 et seq. ~~~db:rth, t~;d~X8~, 82, 83, 93, 95 Privateers, 110 ~:~t~ HRiv~h;, i&:, 364, 411, 414, 435, 436 ~~!~~~, i~~~f.°91;96~0~~~ ;~jo~~::';e~~~ Saratoga, 374, 401, 501, 530; Burgoyne at, 68; arrival of, at Charlestown, 80; his generalship at Dunker Hill, 88; in com· ~~~:6~i, t~~:e:e~~iv:J' ~6!ne;la~3;; 2~;~ INDEX

the news of, in France, 270; Washington on Fort Stanwix, 236~241; his defeat, grateful for the victory of, 302 248 Savannah, 125, 355, 357, 369, 448, 514; St. Simon. 5 12 captured by Campbell, 354 j the decision Stamp Act, the, 25, 26, 150 of Lincoln to march against, 356; the Stanwix, Fort, to be reduced by the Brit­ attack of D' Estaing onl 3S8; evacuated ish, 231; besieged, 236 et seq.; the siege by the British, 442 raised, 241 Savannah River, the, 355, 356, 364 Stark, John, 80, 87, 212, 261; at Charles­ Schuyler, Philip, 68, 242, 261, 280, 374; town on the Connecticut, 242; at the put in charge of military affairs in New battle of Bennington, 243-247; at Fort York, 99; his need of supplJes, 14]; put Edward, 258 down an uprising in the Mohawk, ISS; Staten Island, 185, 281, 470. 511 aided \Vashington, 207; his difficulties Sterling, Lord, in command at the battle of L6ng Island, 190 :ett~6d nofrt~:t:Yi~mfh~~'ri:i~i; :~:!n~~~ Steuben, Baron. 309, 395, 498, 502, 503; 234~2J6; his orders disregarded by Stark, the value of his services to Washington 243; superseded by Gates, 248 at Valley Forge, 314; assigned to the Schuylkill, the, 289, 295 Southern Department, 394 Scott at Trenton, 217 Stevens, Colonel, 375, 376. 378, 419 Seabury, Samuel, IS2 Stewart, Lieutenant-Colonel, in command uSerapls," the, 450 at Charleston, 439; the retreat of, 440, Sevier, 382, 386, 389 441; confined in Charleston, 442 Shabbakong Creek, 217 Stony Brook, 22 I Shelburne, Lord, 'S30, 53 I, 535; diplo· ·Stony Point, 456, 459, 467, 468 matic correspondence of Franklin with, Strachey, Henry, peace negotiations of, ~32~S34; Franklin's dexterous method of 536, 539 Sullivan. General John, 68, 189, 289; his Sheltl~~'1s~!~~' 3~~~ 382. 383, 386, 389 doctrine of State rights, 18; captured by the British, 190; aided Washington, 207; ~~:~~:~: 1{~ger, 4; on a committee to at the attack on Trenton. 211, 212; his draft the Declaration of Independence, failure to guard the fords of the Bran­ 157 dywine, 287 i his army routed, 288; on Shippen, Miss, 477 the offensive at Germantown, 291-295; Silver Creek, 383 Simcoe, 503 :~ain~~wlh~rt'Si~2~!~?dns, eX:6:;iti~:nt °t~ Six Nations, the, 468 Skenesboro', 63. 233, 235 Su1li~~n:'s i~!~J': :~l, 128 "'Skinners," 482 Sumter, Colonel Thomas, 369, 373, 392, Slavery, the paragraph regarding, in the Declaration of Independence; 167 A?;ted41~po~7' 37~;5, t~:6~tt~~k ~~on~u~k~ Smith, Joshua Hett, 479. 480, 481, 489 371; attack of, on the British at Rocky Smith, l..ieutenant·Colonel, the march of, Mount, 372; asked for some of Gates's to Lexington, 34, 35; the advance of his· men, 375; his forces destroyed, 379; re· troops to Concord, 40 et seq.; the retul'n pulsed Tarleton, 393; Orangeburg taken of, to Lexington, 46 by, 432; eluded by Rawdon, 434 Somerset Court House, 221 Sunbury, 354; reduced, 35S South Carolina, 354. 355. 35'6, 357, 367, 372, 436, 530, 572; at the outbreak of the Revo­ ~;':d~P 1o~~:"t~:'9 289 lution, 123. 124; the campaign in, 126 et Sycamore Shoals, 382 seq,; the victory in, 135; the votes of, in Congress, 159; the helplessness of, TALLMADGE, MAJOR BENJAMIN, 483 361; ravaged by the British, 364, 365; Tarleton, 370, 379, 380, 386, 390, 406. 410. nearly clear of the enemy, 432 . 412, 416, 418, 420, 503, 50S, 516; cru­ Spain, 452. 539. 540. 541. 554, 555, 556, 561; elty of, in Soutb Carolina, 364; repulsed persuaded to send aid to America, 267; by Sumter, 393; detached to follow reluctance of, to act with France, 269; Morgan, 401 i hIS attack on Morgan, 402, indifference of, 271; the hostility of, 405 o, 33 I; exhausted by war, 450, 45 I; Tennessee, 38 I ay an envoy to, 453, 532; aid of, to Tennessee River, the, 339 ( ~ sought in an invasion of Florida, 506; Texas, 573 disregarded by Franklin in the peace Thomas, 68 negotiations, 533. 535; opposition of Jay Thomson, Charles, elected Secretary of to negotiations with, 535; the war of the first Congress. 18 the United States with, 567, 568, 574 Thomson, of Orangeburg, 127; sent by Spartanburg, 401 Moultrie to watch Clinton, 129, 130 Spear, Major, 288 Ticonderoga, Fort, 59, 113, 138, .1.41, 225, Spencer. 68 228, 261. 279. 474, 475; the capture of, Springfield, 470 62 et seq.; St. Clair .attacked in, 232, St. Augustine, 354 233; American prisoners released by an St. Clair, at Fort Ticonderoga, 232, 233; attack on, 250 arrival of, in the South, 442 Tories. 106, 354, 399, 418, 477; power of, St. Johns, 230, 474; captured by Mont­ in New York, 184 . gomery, 106 uTornado," 458 St. Tohn's, Ge.Q.[gia, 66 . St. Lawrence River, 474r'campaigns in the :r~~~~~ngire~~~1~ ~~ston, 41 valley of, 106 et seq. Trenton, 226, 242. 264, 323, 324; advance St. Leger, Colonel, 231, 242; his attack of the British to, 205; the British sur· INDEX

prised in, 208~212j the battle of Tren­ warned people of the approach of the °hui.t Tr'::ble!!~e :ICreek, 424 :~:tiknie~2 ~t aB~:k~r 8~harlestown, Trumbull, John, ISZ; his. satire of Me- Washington, George, 93, 118. 135, 138, Fingal, IS'} 142. 143, 1440 146. 149. ISO, 160, ISo, 183. 248, 261, 269. 270, 279, 283, 295, 316, TrJ~~' o¥.0i~~O~o;::~ti~:t:' 4~~4; expedi- 317, 328, 356, 361, 362, 374. 394, 395, Turgot opposed to Vergennes, 267 401, 408, 409, 415, 459. 468, 478, 483, Turkey, 555 495. 496, 497. 501, 502, 50S. 512, 513, 5JO, Tybee. 354; arrival of Clinton at. 362 571, 575; at the first Continental Con­ gress, 9-12; a leader at .the second Con- UNITED STATES OF AIiEKleA. the, th~ ~~e::in~~l Ah~S;~ 6;~bi!a~~::Ptao:ce t~f !ffe~~it~f :hf; dR:~~~t~%n J~~ ~J~la~d the command, 68; left Philadelphia, 98, and, 560 et seq.; .England's treatmcnt 99; took command of the Continental of, after the Revolution, 561. 562; the troops on Cambridge Common, 100; his Constitution of, 572 mode of organizing the army, 10]-J04'

VALCOUR, 228 :f::edx~~~:~~~sl:~; ~~~a~~to]r~6-~~:; ~h~ Vateour Bay, 476 British in Boston, 114 et seq.; his plan Valley Forge, 300, 312, 313. 318, 324. 460; to fortify Portsmouth, 121; his need hardships of the winter in, 303-306; re­ of supplies. 141; empowered by Con­ lief from hardship at, 314 gress to recruit a new anny, 145; his Van Buskirk, 464 conservatism, 151; his complaint to Van Wart. 48z Congress, 158; desired reinforcements. Vaughan. 255; a cause of alarm to Gates, 159; left Boston with his army, for New 258 York, 184; the fight for the Hudson, Venezuela. 566 185-201; ordered the evacuation of Fort Vd:eBno~~o~loi~ ~~St a33sicr::8!ni:io~ ~~ Lee, 202; in hard straits, 205 et seq.; America, 266; opposed in the French ~;h~ ~~!~ceo~f~ ~~ ¥r~~~~S:: ~c:?s:2!~~ Cabinet, 26,.; interviewed by Deane, at the battle of Trenton, 2 I 5. 217; at 268; received Franklin, 269; pleased by the battle of Princeton, 218 et seq.; the victory at Saratoga, 270; the reli­ situation confronting, 223-227; the cam­ ance of. on Spain, 330; negotiations of paign of 1777 in the middle States, 280; Franklin with, 533. 534 his movements in the winter and sprin$", Vermont, 59. 243. 247 Verplanck's Point, 456. 468 :~~ ~~~'::eJo arhgh~dl~hij:or2:'2;2G~~ Versailles, American commissioners re­ determined to attack Knyphausen, 287; ceived by the French King at, 270. relinquished the idea of moving upon the news. of Yorktown, how received at, Knyphausen, 288; faced Howe at West Chester, 289: tricked by Howe, 290; vifl~8 de Paris, the, 514 plan of, to fall on Germantown. 291, 292; Howe's plan. to drive him beyond Vi:t~e~~:~, J~'ilt~~S;at~~~~:J ic;.~ !!~~~!on the mountains, 299; went into winter Viomenil, the Baron ·de, 519 quarters at Valley Forge, 300; his fail­ Virginia, 59. 65, 66, 126, 265, 333, 344, ures complained of in Congress, 301; 380. 392, 400. 410, SOl. 502, 5~, 507, 50S, ~i:t~~pfo:t t~al'i!~t°?orat ,S~:jO~~, s3e~~ ~~' ~~:. ~;:; f:~=,ga;eSetatse:.~t t~~e~:: criticised in Congress ~y Clark, 306; tacks of ~rd Dunmore. 121-123; resist­ plotted against by Conway, 309-311; ance of, to British power, 146; favored contrast between the conditions in his independence, 156; attacks on the fron- army and among the British soldiers, 312 et seq.; assumed the offensive. 3]5; ~~!rsof~Jt2io,C~~r2~ ~~:dre~~~n~8 ;olr~s;, at the battle of Monmouth, 318-323; the !~~m;~114:~~ :!:i3' oi7Uat~h~~:din~f 4~~~ n.~~fn tht~ ~mf~~~~w~~it ~~~~Ut~i~ raids of the British in, 497 et seq.; im­ Clinton fast, 327; urged the withdrawal portance of the situation in, 500 of Lincoln from Charleston, 364; sent Voltaire, meetintt of, with Franklin. 272- De Kalb South, 373; allowed by Con­ 275; his scepticism, 275, 276 gress to select a commander, 393; Mor- Vulture. the. 479, 480, 481; escape of Arnold on, 487 g~ :4gied:te~~i::~i~nW~1,~osek!e~O~~~

WABASH RIVER, the, 347 ~:nds~:ss o¥~~' in~~~se~s r!~~:~:~:' :;t~ his ~ardships, 454; a defensive attituJe ~:r:~le~8~orace, 12 the only possible one, 455 ~ decisioa of. \\'alpole, Sir Robert, 13 to take Stony Point, 456; the reply of 'Var, the Seven Years'. IZ War!e to, 458; reluctant to approve one War of ]812, the, 563 Ward, General Artemus, 68, 78; his opin­ ti~n i~'sw~!~~ ~iJ, ~~~k~~6~~ ia~~e~if ion of the plan to take an offensive posi­ tion against the British in Boston, 72, 73 galint~~Pff~trceofba~k0'!,~eN~w 4~~k,th:;:, Warner, Seth, 247; Crown Point seized by. 471; his bitter letters to Congress, 472; 63 departure of, for Hartford. 473: fond~ Warren, Joseph, 52; summoned 'fJ"om Bos­ ness of, for Arnold, 476; his laudatory ton to quell disorder in Cambridge, 28; reprimand o~ Arnold, 477; plot of Ar- INDEX

nold to lure him to West Point, 479; Webster, Daniel, 487 letter of Andre to, 484; his conduct, Wedderburn, 58 after the discovery of ·Arnold's treason, Weedon, SIS 487 et seq.; retirement of, into winter \"ellington, 302 quarters, 490; his outlook, in the fall West Chester, 289 of 1780, 491, 492; quelled a mutiny, West Indies, the, 357, 507, 514, 562 493; letter of, to Laurens, 494; Lafay~ West Point, 327, 456, 484, 487, 502; plot ette detached by, to pursue Arnold, 499; of Arnold to give over, 478 et seq. determination of, to deal a decisive Westham, 499 blow, 506; consultation of, with De Wethersfield, 507 Rochambeau, 507; preparations of, for Whigs, the, 436, 530 Whiskey Rebellion, the, 573 ~~tioN~wso~o~t se~·I;; t~;p!ii~f~ t~ttD~ White Plains, 198 Grasse, 514; at sy orktown, 5 I 5 et s·eq.; \Vhitemarsh, 295, 299, 300, 302 surrender of Cornwallis to, 525; after Wilkes, '5 the victory at Yorktown, 543 et seq.; Wilkinson, resigned the secretaryship of a his way of dealing with his discontented board of war, 31 I army, 544-546: his unselfishness, 549; Willet, Colonel, at Fort Stanwixj 240 took leave of his officers, 550 William of Orange, 457 Washington, Mrs.• 10 Williams, 41 \Vashington, Colonel William, 396, 402, \Villiams, 482 405, 416, 420, 423, 428, 446 Williams, Colonel Otho, 375, 377, 396, Washington, Fort, 229; advance of the 4'5, 4,8, 446 British on, 199; taken, 200~202 \Villiamsburg, 504, 514 Wataree River, the, 439 'Nilmington, Del., 283 Watauga River, the, 382 Wilmington, S. C., 418, 419, 425; evacu- Watertown, 99 ated, 44' Watson, 428, 431 Winnsborough, 392 Watson, Fort, 433 Wolfe, 399 \Vaxhaw, 370, 386 Wood Creek, 235 Wayne, General Anthony. 288, 289, 319, Wooster, 68 464, 467; surprised at Paoli by the \Vright, Sir James, 124, 125 British, 290; his battery at White- Wyoming, 145

h!f~~~~ C?r~~n~~n~~r d':~~~!dg~"o~ ~~e~: YADKIN RIVER, 411, 412, 414 tion in Georgia, 442; tribute of, to Yorktown, 324, 441, 530, 543. 544, 553. 559; fortified by Cornwallis, 505; ad­ ~[,eefoe, W:~~i:;~:,nt4;:; !~~~~k8 ;of~ep~~ . vance of the Americans to, 51 I, 514, the Stony Point, 459, 460; ordered to join march to, 515; the siege oft 516 et seq.; Lafayette, 501, 502; conjunction of, Washington's generalship at, 522; the with Lafayette, 503, 504; at Green surrender at, 525-527; the news of, re­ Spring, 505 ceived in France, 528, 529; the news of. Webster, 377 in England, 529 et seq.; Washington's Webster, Captain, 487 operations after the victory, 543 et seq.